StemCell Therapy

Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (NYSE American and TASE: LCTX), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing novel cell therapies for unmet medical needs, announced today that updated results from a Phase I/IIa study of its lead product candidate, OpRegen, a retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell transplant therapy currently in development for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration (dry AMD), have been accepted for presentation at the 2020 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Meeting, which will be held May 3rd through May 7th, 2020 at the Baltimore Convention Center in Baltimore, MD. The abstract presentation, entitled, "Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial of Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC)-Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelium (RPE, OpRegen) Transplantation in Advanced Dry Form Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): Interim Results", will be presented as part of the Gene Therapy and Stem cells Session on May 3rd, 2020 from 3:00PM to 4:45PM EDT by Christopher D. Riemann, M.D., Vitreoretinal Surgeon and Fellowship Director, Cincinnati Eye Institute and University of Cincinnati School of Medicine; Clinical Governance Board, Cincinnati Eye Institute (presentation number 865). The presentation will provide updated data from patient cohorts 1 through 4 of the clinical study and will include data on the first patients dosed with both a new subretinal delivery system as well as with a new Thaw-and-Inject (TAI) formulation of OpRegen.

"We continue to be encouraged by positive data with OpRegen for the treatment of dry AMD," stated Brian M. Culley, CEO of Lineage. "The five patients treated as part of cohort 4, which more closely match our intended patient population, have all demonstrated an increase in the number of letters they can read on an Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Scale (ETDRS), having gained between 10 25 letters. Importantly, the first patient treated using both a new subretinal delivery system and our TAI formulation of OpRegen demonstrated notable improvements in vision, having gained 25 readable letters (or 5 lines) 6 months following administration of OpRegen RPE cells, as assessed by the ETDRS. This represents an improvement in visual acuity from a baseline of 20/250 to 20/100 in the treated eye. These visual acuity measurements are meaningful and can translate into quality of life enhancements to things like reading, driving, or avoiding accidents. With the opening of two leading ophthalmology research centers as clinical sites for our study, we are focused on rapid enrollment so that our clinical update at ARVO can be as mature and informative as possible. Our objective is to combine the best cells, the best production process and the best delivery system, which we believe will position us as the front-runner in the race to address the unmet opportunity in the potential billion-dollar dry AMD market."

In addition, Lineage will present new preclinical results from its Vision Restoration Program, a proprietary program based on the ability to generate 3-dimensional human retinal tissue derived from pluripotent cells. Lineages 3-dimensional retinal tissue technology may address the unmet need of implementing a retinal tissue restoration strategy to address a wide range of severe retinal degenerative conditions including retinitis pigmentosa and advanced forms of AMD. In 2017 and 2019, the Small Business Innovation Research program of the National Institutes of Health awarded Lineage grants of close to $2.3 million to further develop this innovative, next generation vision restoration program.

- The poster presentation, entitled, "Transplantation of organoid-derived human retinal tissue in to the subretinal space of CrxRdy/+ cats)," will be presented as part of the Animal models for visual disease and restoration Session on May 4th, 2020 4:00PM to 5:45PM EDT in Session Number 291 by Igor Nasonkin, Ph.D., Principal Investigator, Director of Research & Development at Lineage (Poster board Number: 2253 - B0162).

- The poster presentation, entitled, " Intraocular biocompatibility of Hystem hydrogel for delivery of pharmaceutical agents and cells," will be presented as part of the Stem cells and organoids: Technical advances Session on May 5th, 2020 between 8:45AM to 10:30AM EDT in Session Number 332 by our collaborator Randolph D. Glickman, Ph.D., Professor of Ophthalmology, UT Health San Antonio (Poster board Number: # A0247).

Story continues

About Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc.

Lineage Cell Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing novel cell therapies for unmet medical needs. Lineages programs are based on its robust proprietary cell-based therapy platform and associated in-house development and manufacturing capabilities. With this platform Lineage develops and manufactures specialized, terminally-differentiated human cells from its pluripotent and progenitor cell starting materials. These differentiated cells are developed either to replace or support cells that are dysfunctional or absent due to degenerative disease or traumatic injury or administered as a means of helping the body mount an effective immune response to cancer. Lineages clinical programs are in markets with billion dollar opportunities and include (i) OpRegen, a retinal pigment epithelium transplant therapy in Phase I/IIa development for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of blindness in the developed world; (ii) OPC1, an oligodendrocyte progenitor cell therapy in Phase I/IIa development for the treatment of acute spinal cord injuries; and (iii) VAC2, an allogeneic cancer immunotherapy of antigen-presenting dendritic cells currently in Phase I development for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Lineage is also evaluating potential partnership opportunities for Renevia, a facial aesthetics product that was recently granted a Conformit Europenne (CE) Mark. For more information, please visit http://www.lineagecell.com or follow the Company on Twitter @LineageCell.

Forward-Looking Statements

Lineage cautions you that all statements, other than statements of historical facts, contained in this press release, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements, in some cases, can be identified by terms such as "believe," "may," "will," "estimate," "continue," "anticipate," "design," "intend," "expect," "could," "plan," "potential," "predict," "seek," "should," "would," "contemplate," project," "target," "tend to," or the negative version of these words and similar expressions. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements relating to the potential applications in Lineages Vision Restoration Program. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause Lineages actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements in this press release, including risks and uncertainties inherent in Lineages business and other risks in Lineages filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). Lineages forward-looking statements are based upon its current expectations and involve assumptions that may never materialize or may prove to be incorrect. All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. Further information regarding these and other risks is included under the heading "Risk Factors" in Lineages periodic reports with the SEC, including Lineages Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2019 and its other reports, which are available from the SECs website. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they were made. Lineage undertakes no obligation to update such statements to reflect events that occur or circumstances that exist after the date on which they were made, except as required by law.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200218005395/en/

Contacts

Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. IR Ioana C. Hone(ir@lineagecell.com) (510) 871-4188

Solebury Trout IR Gitanjali Jain Ogawa(Gogawa@troutgroup.com)(646) 378-2949

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Lineage Cell Therapeutics to Present New Data From OpRegen and Vision Restoration Programs at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology...

Share This Article:Mike Bloomberg has a new fan in retired San Diego business journalist and columnist Don Bauder (inset). Photos by Chris Stone, Ellen BauderAt 83, San Diego journalism legend Don Bauder is guarding his health playing hermit at home (to avoid the flu) and venturing out only for doctor visits.

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Bauder, a Colorado resident since 2003, was forced by heart issues to retire in 2018 as a San Diego Reader columnist. But now he admits hell be questioned about his mental health.

Hes backing Mike Bloomberg for president.

Here I am finally making headway against the heart problems and now I am considered a candidate for the loony bin, Bauder said by email Wednesday.

If exercise and multiple trips to doctors and hospitals will repair my brain as they seem to have helped my heart, I feel I can thwart oncoming dementia, although I have never claimed that I am either stable or a genius as President Donald Trump has. I am at least stable enough to hope that my candidate will not choke on verbal borscht, as Trump does almost every day.

Bauder isnt wearing beet-colored glasses, though.

He concedes that the former New York City mayor once stated that if women wanted to be known for their intelligence, they would spend less time at Bloomingdales and more time at the library.

Bloomberg called the remark a Borscht Belt joke, Bauder said.

The former San Diego Union-Tribune financial editor also noted that Bloomberg once stated that 95% of murderers are male minorities, 15 to 25 who deserve to be pushed up against the wall.

Bauder adds: Democrats desperately need the votes of women, African-Americans and Latinos. New Yorkers have told me that those minorities will never forget, although Bloomberg has renounced his widely criticized stop-and-frisk policy that clearly discriminated against minorities while he was mayor of New York.

But it wasnt until former U-T colleague Logan Jenkins outed himself as a Bloomberg fan that Bauder also emerged from the closet at least locally.

Bauder wrote Times of San Diego:

As a former newspaper columnist and magazine writer, I agree wholeheartedly with Logan Jenkins. After a lot of pondering, I have concluded that Bloomberg is the ideal Democratic candidate. I started out backing Biden, but have become quite disenchanted. Unlike Trump, Bloomberg is a self-made billionaire.

Unlike Trump, who is clearly a sociopath on steroids, as well as a pathological liar and malignant psychotic narcissist, Bloomberg is eminently stable and also brilliant, as he proved in his business career and as mayor of New York City. I would add one thing to what Logan says: we desperately need a female on the ticket. As shown in 2018, females can see through Trump.

I would suggest Kamala Harris; her minority status would help balance the ticket. I worry that Bloombergs stop and frisk mistake will continue to turn off minorities.

Like Bloomberg, Bauder is a former Republican. (From 1960 to 1964, when he was in advertising and PR, Bauder voted for Richard Nixon.)

Since 2004, he says, hes voted for Democratic presidential candidates.

This year, however, I had problems, he wrote Wednesday. I feared that both Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren had gone too far. I dont like Medicare for All. Those who want to keep their private plans should be able to do so. I cant see free higher education for all. Frankly, I think too many students are in college now.

Bauder calls student debt a cancerous problem, but cant see canceling it out.

Should we reimburse those who have already paid off their debt? I cant see giving stipends to families descended from slaves, he said. If anybody deserves to be paid off, its Native Americans, from whom we stole our country.

He said his cautious views left him with moderate choices.

I originally favored Joe Biden, but became disenchanted quickly. I liked Amy Klobuchar from the beginning, and I am happy to see her rising fast, he said. Pete Buttigieg is quite intelligent but needs seasoning. Ditto Tom Steyer.

Bauder considers the 2020 election critical.

Four more years of Trump would be disastrous, he said. Yes, I am concerned about more Russian hacking. Given the close 2016 races in Wisconsin, Michigan and Pennsylvania, we should all worry about Russian hacking this year.

Climate change is the most critical issue for Bauder because if the world doesnt do more to curb greenhouse gases, the world as we know it may suffocate by the end of the century.

This interview was conducted via email.

Times of San Diego: What does Mike Bloomberg offer?

Don Bauder: First: money. Lots of it. Hes worth close to $60 billion, making him 14th-richest in the world, according to Forbes. Unlike Trump, Bloomberg made the money himself. And he is ACTUALLY worth that.

Trump may not even be a billionaire, despite his claims to be worth $10 billion. The biggest advantage of Bloombergs wealth is that he can flood the nation with ads showing that Trump is a phony. Indeed, Bloomberg is already doing that, but you aint seen nuthin yet.

The Democratic Party is hurting for money. Bloomberg is NEEDED. He has not alienated the business community. Right now, money is flowing to Republican coffers because big business particularly pharmaceuticals, insurance, oil and the like is terrified of Sanders and Warren. That river of cash will slow down if the leftists are out of the picture.

As he has proved as New York mayor, Bloomberg is socially liberal and progressive. He supports abortion rights, government-funded stem cell research, same-sex marriage, gun control, environmentalism and routes to citizenship for illegal immigrants.

He is strong on public welfare and is a national leader in the battle against climate change. He wants to enhance the earned income tax credit. But unlike the other candidates, he has support from many in the business community. He is in favor of free trade. He is a fiscal conservative. He balanced New York Citys budget. Facing a crisis, he talked a Republican state Senate into passing a tax increase rather than slashing jobs.

He opposes wealth inequality proposing, for example, that his own taxes should go up. He says generally that taxes for the rich should rise. He would raise corporate taxes from 21% to 28% percent not enough in my judgment, but a good start.

He dislikes the fact that taxes on stock and bond gains are lower than income taxes. He would enhance worker rights and benefits although he has never been considered pro-union. He wants a $15 an hour minimum wage. He favors government-financed welfare projects. He believes rural communities should be more closely connected with urban centers.

During his political career, he has been a Republican, an independent and a Democrat. He knows his way around politics, having been mayor of New York City from 2002 to 2013.

He cracked one time that a short Jew would never be elected president, but I question that. He will absolutely eat up Trump in a debate. It will be obvious that he is 10 times smarter than Trump.

(Bauder cites the same metric in the San Diego mayors race, saying he favors Barbara Bry because of her intelligence.)

Your journalism career is marked by major investigations into scam artists and political boondoggles. What gives you confidence that Bloomberg has genuine concern for the common good and not himself and his affluent cohort?

He favors corporate welfare corporate projects partly funded by government. I consider most such projects to be scams, although few others do. As mayor of New York, he has warned the citizenry of scam artists on the loose. But early in his mayoral term he vetoed a bill against predatory lending.

Why should Sen. Kamala Harris be Bloombergs running mate?

First, the Democrats must have a female on the ticket on the top of the ticket or the vice president. If Bloomberg is at the top, a female must run for the second slot. A minority female would be greatly preferred. Kamala Harris fills that bill. Stacey Abrams or Oprah Winfrey (who says she doesnt want it) would also be excellent.

If Bloomberg doesnt break out in Super Tuesday voting, will he have a shot at winning enough delegates to prevail at Milwaukee Democratic National Convention?

If Bloomberg does poorly, he will have to consider dropping out. If he does drop out, he should continue giving his planned donations to the Democratic Party. Ditto Tom Steyer. Both must continue to give if they are no longer candidates. The Democratic Party is not in good financial shape. If Bloomberg loses, I would hope Sherrod Brown, senator of Ohio, would get in the race.

Bloomberg has credibility from his mayor terms and gun-control and climate-change work. But he was elected in a very liberal environment. Could he challenge Trump in red states?

You make a good point that Bloomberg might not go over well in red states where uneducated voters are abundant. Many Americans hate New Yorkers unfortunately, often for good reasons. But although Bloomberg is short in stature, many voters will realize that he would be the real alpha male in the race. He is tough and knowledgeable. He would take hard stands on many issues.

Handicap a Trump vs. Sanders contest.

Trump has already called Sanders a communist not a socialist, which he is. So we would have a rerun of Joe McCarthy. If Trump continues to call Sanders a communist, Democrats should call Trump and his ilk fascists. Down and dirty. I think Sanders would take the West Coast and most of the East Coast, including Florida.

But Trump would take states where education levels are low the South, and Northern states such as Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, North and South Dakota, Kansas, Nebraska and other traditionally red (redneck?) states. Colorado, New Mexico and even possibly Arizona could go for Sanders.

Ohio, Indiana and Iowa could go red and Wisconsin and Minnesota might go blue. Illinois could stay blue. Much depends on whether Americans realize that Trump is a pathological liar, sociopath, malignant psychotic narcissist. He seems totally out of control now.

Critics like Paul Heideman call Bloomberg a classic oligarch using his wealth to tilt the economic and political playing field in his favor. Can voters trust someone who uses vast wealth to gain support? How is billionaire Bloomberg better suited to the Oval Office than billionaire Steyer (or anyone else)?

Paul Heideman has a point. You are correct that some voters will see how many ads he spreads around and hold his wealth against him. But these people could be swayed by the wave of advertising.

What Bloomberg can do is massively sponsor ads that emphasize that Trump is a liar showing him saying one thing one day and the opposite the next day. Also, such ads could show that Trumps claims about the economy on his watch are false.

For example, Trump keeps repeating that the economy has done better under him than at other times. This is laughably false. GDP is growing a little over 2% now and there have been many times when it grew 3% and even 4%. Trump says unemployment is the lowest ever, and that is also false. These ads can also show Trump at his most vulgar. That might even go over well in redneck territory, however. Trumps racism through his dog whistles could be emphasized in certain markets but not in redneck areas.

Would Bloomberg address wealth inequality?

Bloomberg is strongly opposed to wealth inequality and says his own taxes should go up. However, he would only raise the corporate tax rate to 28% from 21%. Thats not enough, in my judgment. He believes income taxes for the rich should be boosted. He is also disgusted that taxes on stock and bond profits are lower than taxes on incomes.

He complains that economic growth is concentrated in a small number of regions. He would enhance worker rights and benefits although he has never been known as pro-union a possible negative. He wants a $15 minimum wage. He favors government-financed welfare projects. He would like to see rural communities better connected to urban growth centers. He wants to see research and development in regions needing development.

How is your health?

I saw my cardiologist just two weeks ago. I asked him if I was a candidate for a stent in my two arteries that are only moderately good. He said no. (Background: I have had two quadruple-bypass surgeries. The last one was in 1990. On average, the grafts last 30 years.) But cardiologists (I have had several) say this does not mean I have only two years to go.

The heart itself seems to be OK, but the concern is arteries or grafts from previous surgeries filling up. I will be 84 in May. I dont expect to make it to 90, but with lots of luck I may get half or a third of the way there.

San Diego News Icon Don Bauder Gives His Heart to Ideal Candidate Bloomberg was last modified: February 15th, 2020 by Ken Stone

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San Diego News Icon Don Bauder Gives His Heart to Ideal Candidate Bloomberg - Times of San Diego

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Beronja and Ying dont think their approach has solved every problem for one, mice are still not humans. Also, most breast cancer-causing mutations are acquired later in life, whereas their approach introduces potential cancer-causing mutations while mice are still embryos. However, breast tumors in their model take about the same length of time to develop as those that develop in models where mutations are introduced to adult mice, Beronja said.

Ying screened 520 breast cancer-associated mutations from the TCGA for their effects on tumor development. Most have been found in fewer than 5% of breast cancer patients, and most are in genes of unknown function. He tested them in the context of a known cancer-driving mutation in the gene PIK3CA, the most commonly mutated gene in breast cancer. This would tell him whether these rare mutations commonly found in cancer cells that also have altered PIK3CA are riding its coattails or acting as co-captains.

While many of the mutations had no effect, 17 accelerated tumor growth and development. Whats more, Ying found that several of them shifted the tumors from a less-aggressive luminal subtype to a HER2-positive subtype.

That's something that was previously unknown, Ying said.

Though PIK3CA mutations were thought to dictate a luminal type of breast tumor, mutations in this gene are found in all four breast cancer subtypes, suggesting that other mutations influence tumor type when paired with altered PIK3CA. Their new approach might provide a platform for researchers to understand how, Ying said.

He chose one mutation in a gene called Tsc22d1 to explore more deeply. Tsc22d1 is deleted in about 2% of patients whose mutations are logged in TCGA. This mutation was one of those that Ying had found to enhance PIK3CA-driven tumor development and shift tumors to a HER2-like molecular subtype. His experiments shed light on the function of Tsc22d1, showing that in its unmutated form it acts to suppress PIK3CA-driven tumor growth.

The approach has potential far beyond screening cancer mutations, the scientists said. When Ying was developing his approach, he used his barcodes to trace mammary tissue development and discover that each mouse mammary gland arises from about 120 progenitor cells.

This question that Zhe ended up addressing which is, how many early stem cells give rise to an adult tissue? that's not known for any tissue in a mouse system or a human system, Beronja said. Its my favorite part of the study.

Yings approach could be used to answer similar questions for other tissues, such as skin or the cells lining the mouth, or perhaps to investigate questions surrounding the loss of stem cells as we age, Beronja said. A deeper understanding of these processes could be the first step toward correcting problems in tissue development or slowing the aging process.

Ying hopes that the functional information gleaned from his approach could support precision oncology by identifying future treatment targets.

Such information could directly affect treatment strategy, he said. I think this is the most direct way of translating those results from large genomic projects [like TCGA] into treatment, or at least identifying potential targets.

He and Beronja aim to apply their new strategy to develop mouse models of breast cancer that currently dont exist. One they want to create is a model in which metastasis, or cancer spread, occurs spontaneously and is driven by patient-derived mutations. Another is a spontaneous model of the most aggressive type of breast cancer, triple-negative, or basal-like, which currently lacks any options for targeted treatment. (In contrast, targeted treatments are on the market to treat people with each of the other three types of breast cancer.)

Most cancer-associated mutations are found in genes of unknown function. Beronja thinks his and Yings approach could solve this knowledge gap.

If our little lab is capable to test 520 [mutations] and identify 17 new drivers of tumorgenicity [tumor growth] and fully validate one of them if we can do it, there's really no excuse for the unknown category among the mutations, he said.

This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health, the National Cancer Institute, a Safeway Early Career Award in Cancer Research, and a Thomsen Family Fellowship.

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A breast tumor might have thousands of mutations. Which are important? - Fred Hutch News Service

Chief cells lie at the base of the stomachs gastric glands, and in healthy individuals they are responsible for secreting enzymes required for digestion. Scientists have proposed that, in the face of injury or genetic mutations, these cells revert back to stem cellsor dedifferentiateand give rise to abnormal changes in tissue called metaplasia, a precancerous state.

This idea emerged more than a decade ago from the observation of a specific type of metaplasia in stomach tissue called spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM), which appeared to originate from chief cells. Over the years, the body of evidence supporting this hypothesis has grown. But some scientists still question whether chief cells truly give rise to the precursors of cancer.

Yoku Hayakawa, a professor of gastroenterology at the University of Tokyo in Japan, is one of the skeptics. He says there have been technical limitations with the previous work, such as the lack of specificity of chief cell markers, and the use of transgenic mouse models that required tamoxifen, a drug that can induce injury and inflammation, to activate the oncogenic Krasgene.

In a study published last week(February 4) in Gastroenterology, Hayakawa and his colleagues investigate some of these issuesand conclude that their findings tip the scales against the chief cell hypothesis.

To address some of the limitations of previous research, Hayakawa and his colleagues identified a new, more-specific chief cell maker that targets the estrogen receptor GPR30 and established a mouse model of gastric metaplasia that activates Kras within the stomach without tamoxifen. When they induced a cancer-causing mutation in the mice, they found that most of the GPR30-expressing chief cells died instead of reverting their identity to stem cells. The team reported similar results when they injured the stomach using drugs or Helicobacter pylori,a bacterium known to increase the risk for cancer.

These findings counter results from previous studies supporting the chief cell hypothesis, Hayakawa tells The Scientist.They think chief cells are dedifferentiated, but [they are] lost.

The team did find stem cells that gave rise to metaplasia in the spots where the chief cells had died. But based on lineage tracing experiments with their Kras-activatedmice, the authors conclude that these cells were not derived from chief cells, but had instead migrated from higher up in the gland. This observation is consistent with a long-standing idea that stem cells from elsewhere in the gland are responding to replenish the dead chief cells, Hayakawa tells The Scientist. The epithelium has to regenerate to maintain homeostasis. So, in this case, stem cells actually expand and try to give rise to chief cells, which are lost.

According to Hayakawa, although these findings dont rule out that chief cells may give rise to metaplasia in rare cases, they suggest that gastric stem cells from the upper part of the gland are the main source of metaplasia in the stomach. The data clearly suggests stem cells or progenitors give rise to metaplasia but chief cells do not, he says.

Jason Mills, whose lab at Washington University School of Medicine has published several studies supporting the hypothesis that dedifferentiated chief cells can give rise to metaplasia, is not convinced. A key limitation of this study, he says, is that the authors conclusions depend largely on the assertion that GRP30labels all chief cells and only chief cells, which he does not think has been adequately demonstrated. (He notes there are differences in GPR30expression patterns in some of the papers figures, indicating that chief cells arent consistently or uniformly labeled.)

Mills adds that the results from this study arent actually too far off from those obtained in his own work, which has also revealed a subset of chief cells that do not undergo metaplasia. However, while his lab demonstrated that there are other chief cells that do give rise to SPEM, Hayakawas team concludes that the cells that give rise to the metaplasia in their experiments must not be chief cells. If you focus on the positive rather than the negative [in their results], we probably would not be too far off in our conclusions about chief cell behavior, he says.

Linda Samuelson of the University of Michigan says that a tamoxifen-independent mouse model of gastric metaplasia is an important contribution to the field. However, she, too, disagrees that this study rules out the chief cell dedifferentiation hypothesis. Its likely that both hypothesesa precancerous state arising from either stem cells or dedifferentiated chief cellsare correct, Samuelson tells The Scientist.She adds that the differences in outcome likely depend on factors such as how metaplasia is induced and the method used to track the cellular changes.

Regardless of whether the chief cell hypothesis turns out to be true, the question of how SPEM gives rise to gastric cancer remains unanswered, Hayakawa says. James Goldenring, who studies gastric cancer at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and is among those who originally proposed that chief cell dedifferentiation can give rise to SPEM, agrees that this an open question. But hes not convinced that his hypothesis should be discarded. It took me at least 10 years to get people to actually even admit that SPEM existed. So its perhaps ironic that were now arguing over how its created, he says. I guess thats better than where it started out, right? Weve taken the discussion to a different level.

M. Hata et al., GPR30-expressing gastric chief cells do not dedifferentiate but are eliminated via PDK-dependent cell competition during development of metaplasia,Gastroenterology,doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.046, 2020.

Diana Kwon is a Berlin-based freelance journalist. Follow her on Twitter @DianaMKwon.

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New Report Counters Claims on the Origin of Gastric Cancer - The Scientist

Ethan Zohn is one of the 20 returning contestants to the Survivor game for season 40 of the series and this is his third time on the show. He previously won Survivor: Africa, which was season three, making him the second-earliest returnee for Winners at War behind only Amber Brkich Mariano, who appeared on season two. But he is the earliest winner to return because Amber didnt win until season eight.

Zohn also played on Ambers winning season, All Stars, where he was the sixth person voted out.

Heres what you need to know about the Survivor champ.

Zohn was born and raised in Lexington, Massachusetts, the youngest of three boys (his older brothers are Lenard and Lee, according to the Grassroots Soccer website. Zohn played soccer hes a goalkeeper for Lexington High School and Vassar College, where he majored in biology and marine biology, before going on to play professionally for the Hawaii Tsunami and Cape Cod Crusaders in the U.S. and for the Highlanders FC in Zimbabwe. On the Zimbabwe team, one of Zohns teammates died of AIDS.

In 2008, Zohn used some of his Survivor winnings to found Grassroots Soccer, an organization that aims to educate and prevent HIV and AIDS. Grassroots Soccer sends professional African soccer players into classrooms to teach middle-schoolers about HIV, using a curriculum that combines soccer and academics.

We are really trying to create this generation of HIV-negative kids, said Zohn in a 2008 interview, adding, In Africa, soccer players are heroes. They are like role models, the gods of the community. We train local professional soccer players about HIV and AIDS, and they go into the schools and teach the youths about AIDS prevention.

The program has since expanded to the Dominican Republic and Guatemala.

In 2009, Zohn was diagnosed with a rare type of cancer called CD20-positive Hodgkins lymphoma and shortly thereafter he underwent chemotherapy and stem-cell transplants to fight the disease. He went into remission in April 2010, but the cancer returned in September 2011.

That time around, he had to remain in his New York City apartment at all times when he wasnt going to the doctor and eventually received two rounds of stem-cell transplants from his brother, which were finally successful in early 2013.

I am in remission. Today is a special day, Zohn told CBS News on March 1, 2013. One year ago today I received my brothers stem cells they wiped out my body and infused my brothers stem cells into my body. So if you take my DNA sample, its like my brother.

He added that it had been so hard to be so isolated from everyone.

I have been spending a lot of time with my family, which is very exciting, he said. Ive been in isolation for seven months. I couldnt really leave my apartment unless I was going to the doctor. I just got clearance, so Ive been traveling a little bit, visiting friends and family. I got to hug my nieces and nephews for the first time in a year.

Jenna Morasca won the sixth season of Survivor and it was afterward that she met Zohn. The two began dating in 2003 and were together for a decade. In the time they were together, they appeared on both Survivor: All-Stars and The Amazing Race.

On All-Stars, Morasca famously left the game after nine days because her mothers cancer diagnosis had taken a turn for the worse right before the show began filming. Her mother died a week after she returned home.

After her departure from that season, Morasca told the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, [Ethans] a great guy, and hes really been there for me. You cant know him and not love him.

In 2011, the two of them appeared in a 20-minute horror short called The Watcher as part of an anthology called Drive-In Horrorshow, which you can watch on YouTube. Then in early 2013, they decided to call it quits.

It is with much consideration and a heavy heart that we are announcing that after 10 years of a loving relationship, the decision was made to move on without each other, the couple said in a joint statement at the time of their breakup. We will carry with us the memories of a relationship grounded in love, laughter, support and friendship. We have experienced some of lifes greatest joys and toughest challenges together, and our decision to be apart can never diminish that. We want to thank everyone for their support and we ask that our privacy be respected as we move forward.

A few years after ending things with Morasca, Zohn began dating New York City interior designer Lisa Heywood. He told People at the time, This is the reason I survived cancer twice to meet Lisa and start a beautiful and healthy new life together.

The two met in 2013 at a Clinton Global Initiative charity event and then two years later, Zohn asked her to marry him on the dock of their New Hampshire lake house, using the ring his late father had given his mother. The two got married in July 2016 in Vermont.

Before the ceremony, they told People that they looked forward to standing together and taking a quiet moment to look at all our family and friends that have supported us along the way. They also said theyre looking forward to getting chubby and growing old together, and the potential we have to make the world a better place by the virtue of being together as one.

Zohnthen predicted that all the happy and sad tears in my life will disappear in her presence.

Ethan Zohn Says Being On Season 40 Of Survivor Is An Absolute Miracle | SURVIVORSurvivor: Africa winner Ethan Zohn tells Sangita Patel that he was a little bit intimidated when he got the call to play on Survivor: Winners at War having had no experience with hidden immunity idols, blindsides and more. Plus, he reveals that hes seven years in remission since being diagnosed with blood cancer at the age of 35. Tune in to the premiere of Survivor: Winners at War on Wednesday, Feb. 12 at 8 p.m. ET/PT on Global. SUBSCRIBE to our channel: https://www.youtube.com/user/ETCanadaOfficial FOLLOW us here: http://www.etcanada.com Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/etcanada Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/etcanada Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/etcanada #Survivor #EthanZohn #SurvivorWinnersAtWar2020-01-15T16:00:06.000Z

In a pre-Winners at War interview with ET Canada, Zohn says he was intimidated to come back after so many years.

To put this in perspective, the last time I played the game was 16 years ago, that was Survivor: All-Stars and the season I won was Survivor: Africa, which was in 2001! This is before hidden immunity idols, clues, ways to get back in the game Ive never done any of that stuff, so as you can imagine, I was a little intimidated and nervous when I got the call to come back for season 40, says Zohn, though he adds that he feels ready to be here because he put in the training and the effort and [he feels] prepared for whats to come.

Zohnalso says that just getting here is an absolute miracle because of what he overcame when he was so sick with cancer.

I remember I was locked in my hospital room, getting my second stem-cell transplant, watching Heroes vs Villains, praying to myself that Id be alive long enough that Id be able to play again I just wanted to get healthy enough so I could come back and play Survivor. I knew there had to be an all-winners season coming at some point and I wanted to be part of that.

Survivor: Winners at War airs Wednesdays at 8 p.m. ET/PT on CBS.

READ NEXT: Meet the Survivor: Winners at War Cast

More here:
Ethan Zohn on Survivor: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know - Heavy.com

From ELLE

Martha* looks expensive. Not freshly minted footballers wife expensive. Not bouncy-haired ladies who dont lunch expensive. But quietly expensive: skin that glimmers like the Cullinan Diamond; a body as smooth as Carrara marble. Just unmistakably well crafted. And so she should: the 34-year-old luxury retailer spends almost 4,000 a month thats how much it costs to be tweaked and perfected by the latest advances in health.

Theres the weekly three-minute cryotherapy sessions at 100 a pop. Then theres the 125 personal training workouts, of which she has four each week. Theres also the mandatory 150 monthly vitamin drip and at least one massage a fortnight (call it 160), as well as a personalised supplement plan that seems a bargain at 50 per week. Thats around 4,000, including the cryo, but not including facials and beauty things, of course, she says. Of course. And, to be fair, its working for her. With her plump, practically line-free face, and raven hair so shiny you could almost reapply your lipstick in front of it, she is a walking advertisement for the power of whacking a hefty monthly mortgage payment at your health.

Photo credit: Luca Cannonieri

But how much is good health really worth? Apparently, when youre part of the super-rich set, the answer is: a lot. When UBS investment bank surveyed its millionaires, nine out of ten agreed that health is more important than wealth with its highest earners willing to give up half of their fortune to guarantee an extra decade of good health. Because when you have everything money can buy, what you really want is the one thing it cant. Until now.

An entire industry has sprung up over the past decade, catering largely to the wealthiest 1%, but also to mere fiscal mortals, too, who aspire to perfect health in the way they once aspired to own a Birkin bag. Take last years two-day Goop conference, where doctors, scientists and health-mad celebrities took to the stage at Londons Re:Centre sanctuary. A one-day ticket set visitors back 1,000. But for a two-day, full-access pass with VIP workouts and a room at the shiny new Kimpton Fitzroy Hotel? Try 4,500.(According to Goop, all of these full-access tickets sold out.)

Or take the new offering from the exclusive Arts Club in London, which has teamed up with Lanserhof, the almost mythical Austrian health retreat that has been peddling longevity and luminosity for decades. Now, those members can pay 6,500 a year (non-members will have to cough up an extra 1,500) to have access to their on-site Lanserhof clinic. For that they can throw as much at their health and body as they like, with MRI scans, DNA tests, osteopathy sessions, shock wave therapy, acupuncture treatments... the list goes on. And on.

At the top end of the health scale, however, the sky is the limit. At RAAD fest, an annual conference held in the US attended by many of the worlds leading billionaires, a number of scientists and technologists parade the latest evolutions in healthcare. They are dystopian-sounding technologies, such as hyperbaric oxygen chambers that offer expediated healing, as well as stem cell IV infusions (yours for around 875 a pop).

Photo credit: Alessandro Zeno - Imaxtree

Story continues

What do they all have in common? A big price tag and the promise of immortality. After all, RAAD stands for The Revolution Against Ageing and Death, and is organised by the controversial Coalition for Radical Life Extension. Their mission: to help the super-rich dispose of their money before they hit their graves.But, ideally for them, not to hit their tombstones... ever.

Dr Sabine Donnai is the founder of private health service Viavi and creator of its Health Assessment and HealthStrategy, seen as the Aston Martin of health programmes. Donnai, previously the medical director at Nuffield Health Wellbeing, saw a gap in the market for an assessment that went beyond the norm. The market was there. Theyve worked hard, theyve made money and now they ask, I want to continue enjoying this, so what do I do?, she explains. They want the data. They want the control. They want to understand what their health looks like.

Her clientele is split into two groups. The first: the worried well, seeking preventive measures. They come to us to understand a thorough picture of their health and what they can do to improve it, says Donnai. For example, a hormone test might reveal underlying reasons for weight gain, or a toxin level result might expose risks to your immune system. The second, smaller group have been diagnosed with a problem, but want to solve it rather than treat it. The difference is important. Say they have cancer we arent oncologists or surgeons, but our role might be to identify how they could prevent it from returning. They dont want to be hassled by illness, says Donnai. But want to live a better life.

Viavis assessment can go as far as the client chooses. In a single day, you can have everything from a transvaginal scan and breast ultrasound to a urine hormone screen and toxic body burden test. When I ask one client, an international business owner in her forties, why she chose to invest in the test, she says, Its the best. Its hard to put a price on it... she trails off. Viavi, however, is happy to do so: the full Health Assessment and Health Strategy costs 15,000.

On the other side of the city, Workshop Gymnasium is doing for fitness what Viavi is doing for health: catering to the demands of the richest 1%. Hidden in Knightsbridge, beneath the Bvlgari Hotel, it looks more like a hedge fund managers apartment than a gym, with wooden floors, honeyed lighting and towers of glossy green apples beside fans of shiny magazines.

Its top-tier membership will set you back 13,000 a year. There are also add-ons, including supplements and physiotherapy, pushing some members spend past the 20,000 mark. Its where Martha splurges on her 125 an hour PT sessions with founder Lee Mullins, who reports increasing interest in his services from around the world. (Workshop has locations in China, Milan, Dubai and Bali.) They want a customised approach and come for the assessments we offer to tailor their programme, he says of his client base of CEOs, entertainment industry types and models.

They also get training on demand Workshop offers a 24/7 service, in a private setting if requested, with total discretion. Mullins is tight-lipped about his celebrity clients, save a handful of models, including brand ambassadors Amelia Windsor, Clara Paget and Eliza Cummings. Clients can even have a trainer travel with them on business trips or holidays for a fee of up to 2,000 per day.

There are options for those with slightly less disposable income. At BelleCell, a biohacking clinic next to The Ritz London, packages are available at varying levels. Set in a 500-year-old vault, comprising a series of spaceship-like pods, it serves to optimise cell performance and recovery and offer effective health solutions total wellbeing on a molecular level. Which, in English, means they claim to make you better, stronger and healthier. This includes full bio-analysis tests and cell-optimising treatments (oxygen pods, vitamin infusions, alien-esque capsules in which to exercise). The top package, a Genetic Test for Life, will set you back almost 3,000, but therapies start from 110 in order to be accessible to everyone, says founder Kasia Zajkowska, a former molecular bio-scientist. Well, maybe not exactly everyone...

Dropping up to 15,000 on a health test attracts a specific section of the super-wealthy, one thats already aware and selective about wellness, says Zajkowska. She claims theyre not doing it for vanity: Their choice to spend is for the most part not about aesthetics, but future proofing. For some, the investment in themselves does come with more of a beauty focus. Carrie, a 51-year-old property business company director, who lives in Cheshire, tells me that yes, she goes to the gym and takes supplements for health and longevity, but she wants to look better, too. She spends almost 10,000 a year on aesthetics alone (monthly facials, radio frequency and micro needling) money that is more than pocket-change to her. But shes willing to prioritise the spend for the results.

For many, even a single treatment at one of these clinics would be a luxury or an impossibility. Never mind a super-screening that costs more than some house deposits. But in England, with the NHS available to all, are they even necessary? Women are offered free cervical screening from the age of 25, free breast screening from 50 and a free NHS health check from 40. This extensive check looks for early signs of high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease and dementia. And, according to former NHS GP Dr Juliet McGrattan, it could be the better option, even when you do have money to blow, due to the legitimacy of the tests.

Photo credit: Astrid Stawiarz

With any screening test, there is a possibility that a false positive (when something is detected that isnt actually a problem) or a false negative (when something is missed) may occur, she tells me. The NHS has meticulously evaluated its offering to try to ensure it has the lowest number of these results. Her worry is that private tests may not have been so thoroughly evaluated. She adds that private companies cant always offer care beyond the test, so you might be directed to your NHS GP anyway. In her opinion, theres no need to part with money.

As for Martha, her 4,000 monthly investment is about boosting energy, feeling better and staying strong, something us mere mortals can relate to as we weave a rather less extortionate version of wellness into our daily lives. But she admits, Appearances matter. I have to look the part and be seen to be taking part. It seems that consumption isnt always so inconspicuous after all.

*Name has been changed

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Read more from the original source:
Meet The Super-Rich Spending 4,000 A Month On Their Health - Yahoo Style

Martha* looks expensive. Not freshly minted footballers wife expensive. Not bouncy-haired ladies who dont lunch expensive. But quietly expensive: skin that glimmers like the Cullinan Diamond; a body as smooth as Carrara marble. Just unmistakably well crafted. And so she should: the 34-year-old luxury retailer spends almost 4,000 a month thats how much it costs to be tweaked and perfected by the latest advances in health.

Theres the weekly three-minute cryotherapy sessions at 100 a pop. Then theres the 125 personal training workouts, of which she has four each week. Theres also the mandatory 150 monthly vitamin drip and at least one massage a fortnight (call it 160), as well as a personalised supplement plan that seems a bargain at 50 per week. Thats around 4,000, including the cryo, but not including facials and beauty things, of course, she says. Of course. And, to be fair, its working for her. With her plump, practically line-free face, and raven hair so shiny you could almost reapply your lipstick in front of it, she is a walking advertisement for the power of whacking a hefty monthly mortgage payment at your health.

But how much is good health really worth? Apparently, when youre part of the super-rich set, the answer is: a lot. When UBS investment bank surveyed its millionaires, nine out of ten agreed that health is more important than wealth with its highest earners willing to give up half of their fortune to guarantee an extra decade of good health. Because when you have everything money can buy, what you really want is the one thing it cant. Until now.

An entire industry has sprung up over the past decade, catering largely to the wealthiest 1%, but also to mere fiscal mortals, too, who aspire to perfect health in the way they once aspired to own a Birkin bag. Take last years two-day Goop conference, where doctors, scientists and health-mad celebrities took to the stage at Londons Re:Centre sanctuary. A one-day ticket set visitors back 1,000. But for a two-day, full-access pass with VIP workouts and a room at the shiny new Kimpton Fitzroy Hotel? Try 4,500.(According to Goop, all of these full-access tickets sold out.)

'They can throw as much at their health and body as they like, with MRI scans, DNA tests...'

Or take the new offering from the exclusive Arts Club in London, which has teamed up with Lanserhof, the almost mythical Austrian health retreat that has been peddling longevity and luminosity for decades. Now, those members can pay 6,500 a year (non-members will have to cough up an extra 1,500) to have access to their on-site Lanserhof clinic. For that they can throw as much at their health and body as they like, with MRI scans, DNA tests, osteopathy sessions, shock wave therapy, acupuncture treatments... the list goes on. And on.

At the top end of the health scale, however, the sky is the limit. At RAAD fest, an annual conference held in the US attended by many of the worlds leading billionaires, a number of scientists and technologists parade the latest evolutions in healthcare. They are dystopian-sounding technologies, such as hyperbaric oxygen chambers that offer expediated healing, as well as stem cell IV infusions (yours for around 875 a pop).

What do they all have in common? A big price tag and the promise of immortality. After all, RAAD stands for The Revolution Against Ageing and Death, and is organised by the controversial Coalition for Radical Life Extension. Their mission: to help the super-rich dispose of their money before they hit their graves.But, ideally for them, not to hit their tombstones... ever.

Dr Sabine Donnai is the founder of private health service Viavi and creator of its Health Assessment and HealthStrategy, seen as the Aston Martin of health programmes. Donnai, previously the medical director at Nuffield Health Wellbeing, saw a gap in the market for an assessment that went beyond the norm. The market was there. Theyve worked hard, theyve made money and now they ask, I want to continue enjoying this, so what do I do?, she explains. They want the data. They want the control. They want to understand what their health looks like.

'They dont want to be hassled by illness, but want to live a better life'

Her clientele is split into two groups. The first: the worried well, seeking preventive measures. They come to us to understand a thorough picture of their health and what they can do to improve it, says Donnai. For example, a hormone test might reveal underlying reasons for weight gain, or a toxin level result might expose risks to your immune system. The second, smaller group have been diagnosed with a problem, but want to solve it rather than treat it. The difference is important. Say they have cancer we arent oncologists or surgeons, but our role might be to identify how they could prevent it from returning. They dont want to be hassled by illness, says Donnai. But want to live a better life.

Viavis assessment can go as far as the client chooses. In a single day, you can have everything from a transvaginal scan and breast ultrasound to a urine hormone screen and toxic body burden test. When I ask one client, an international business owner in her forties, why she chose to invest in the test, she says, Its the best. Its hard to put a price on it... she trails off. Viavi, however, is happy to do so: the full Health Assessment and Health Strategy costs 15,000.

On the other side of the city, Workshop Gymnasium is doing for fitness what Viavi is doing for health: catering to the demands of the richest 1%. Hidden in Knightsbridge, beneath the Bvlgari Hotel, it looks more like a hedge fund managers apartment than a gym, with wooden floors, honeyed lighting and towers of glossy green apples beside fans of shiny magazines.

Its top-tier membership will set you back 13,000 a year. There are also add-ons, including supplements and physiotherapy, pushing some members spend past the 20,000 mark. Its where Martha splurges on her 125 an hour PT sessions with founder Lee Mullins, who reports increasing interest in his services from around the world. (Workshop has locations in China, Milan, Dubai and Bali.) They want a customised approach and come for the assessments we offer to tailor their programme, he says of his client base of CEOs, entertainment industry types and models.

They also get training on demand Workshop offers a 24/7 service, in a private setting if requested, with total discretion. Mullins is tight-lipped about his celebrity clients, save a handful of models, including brand ambassadors Amelia Windsor, Clara Paget and Eliza Cummings. Clients can even have a trainer travel with them on business trips or holidays for a fee of up to 2,000 per day.

There are options for those with slightly less disposable income. At BelleCell, a biohacking clinic next to The Ritz London, packages are available at varying levels. Set in a 500-year-old vault, comprising a series of spaceship-like pods, it serves to optimise cell performance and recovery and offer effective health solutions total wellbeing on a molecular level. Which, in English, means they claim to make you better, stronger and healthier. This includes full bio-analysis tests and cell-optimising treatments (oxygen pods, vitamin infusions, alien-esque capsules in which to exercise). The top package, a Genetic Test for Life, will set you back almost 3,000, but therapies start from 110 in order to be accessible to everyone, says founder Kasia Zajkowska, a former molecular bio-scientist. Well, maybe not exactly everyone...

'She spends almost 10,000 a year on aesthetics alone'

Dropping up to 15,000 on a health test attracts a specific section of the super-wealthy, one thats already aware and selective about wellness, says Zajkowska. She claims theyre not doing it for vanity: Their choice to spend is for the most part not about aesthetics, but future proofing. For some, the investment in themselves does come with more of a beauty focus. Carrie, a 51-year-old property business company director, who lives in Cheshire, tells me that yes, she goes to the gym and takes supplements for health and longevity, but she wants to look better, too. She spends almost 10,000 a year on aesthetics alone (monthly facials, radio frequency and micro needling) money that is more than pocket-change to her. But shes willing to prioritise the spend for the results.

For many, even a single treatment at one of these clinics would be a luxury or an impossibility. Never mind a super-screening that costs more than some house deposits. But in England, with the NHS available to all, are they even necessary? Women are offered free cervical screening from the age of 25, free breast screening from 50 and a free NHS health check from 40. This extensive check looks for early signs of high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease and dementia. And, according to former NHS GP Dr Juliet McGrattan, it could be the better option, even when you do have money to blow, due to the legitimacy of the tests.

With any screening test, there is a possibility that a false positive (when something is detected that isnt actually a problem) or a false negative (when something is missed) may occur, she tells me. The NHS has meticulously evaluated its offering to try to ensure it has the lowest number of these results. Her worry is that private tests may not have been so thoroughly evaluated. She adds that private companies cant always offer care beyond the test, so you might be directed to your NHS GP anyway. In her opinion, theres no need to part with money.

As for Martha, her 4,000 monthly investment is about boosting energy, feeling better and staying strong, something us mere mortals can relate to as we weave a rather less extortionate version of wellness into our daily lives. But she admits, Appearances matter. I have to look the part and be seen to be taking part. It seems that consumption isnt always so inconspicuous after all.

*Name has been changed

More here:
Meet The Super-Rich Spending 4000 A Month On Their Health - elle.com

A novel conditioning regimen for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) from haploidentical donors in patients with severe thalassemia appears to be safe and efficacious, yielding results similar to those for patients with fully matched donors, according to study results published in Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

Investigators initiated the program with high-risk thalassemia patients who had matched donors and found it to be safe and efficacious. They then hypothesized that they could expand the donor pool for SCT in patients with severe thalassemia to include haploidentical related donors using the same strategy.

The program consisted of a pharmacological pretransplant immune suppression phase (2 courses of dexamethasone and fludarabine) followed by pretransplant conditioning (fludarabine and intravenous busulfan), post-transplant graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis (cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil), and supportive care (penicillin V and ciprofloxacin as antibacterial prophylaxis and itraconazole as antifungal prophylaxis).

In total, 83 patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (median age, 12 years; range, 1-28) received transplants. Median follow-up was 15 months (range, 7-53). The 3-year overall and event-free survival rates were both 96% (95% CI, 85.7%-98.4%).

Among the first 31 patients, 2 primary graft failures occurred; the investigators noted that both occurred in patients who had high titers of antidonor-specific human leukocyte antigen antibodies (anti-DSA; > 1:3000). This prompted the team to adjust the first phase of the program to include bortezomib and rituximab for patients with high anti-DSA titers. No additional primary graft failures occurred, and no secondary graft failures occurred.

Adverse events included severe GVHD (6 patients), grade 1 to 2 mucositis (25 patients), grade 3 mucositis (10 patients), cytomegalovirus reactivation (15 patients), cytomegalovirus (2 patients), BK virus cystitis (23 patients), adenovirus cystitis (3 patients), herpes zoster reactivation (1 patient), gram-negative septicemia (5 patients), and gram-negative septicemia (2 patients). There were 4 patient deaths that resulted from pneumonia (2 patients), GVHD complications (1 patient), and bacterial sepsis (1 patient).

The present study demonstrated that outcomes after haplo[identical] SCT in patients with severe thalassemia are acceptable, and now very similar to whats expected with allo[geneic] SCT using matched donors, the investigators concluded.

Reference

1. Anurathapan U, Hongeng S, Pakakasama S, et al. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe thalassemia patients from haploidentical donors using novel conditioning regimen [published online January 10, 2020]. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.01.002

The rest is here:
Novel Conditioning Regimen for Haploidentical HSCT in Severe Thalassemia - Hematology Advisor

Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced financial results for the fourth quarter and full year of 2019.

"As evidenced by our results and our 2020 guidance, Merck had an extraordinary year and is in a position of operational and financial strength," said Kenneth C. Frazier, chairman and chief executive officer, Merck. "It is this position of strength, born of our focused execution, that gives us the confidence to spin off our Womens Health, trusted Legacy Brands and Biosimilar products into a new company, which will position us to deliver even greater value to patients and shareholders."

GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) earnings per share assuming dilution (EPS) was $0.92 for the fourth quarter and $3.81 for the full year of 2019. GAAP EPS for the full year of 2019 reflects a $993 million charge for the acquisition of Peloton Therapeutics, Inc. (Peloton) and a $612 million pretax intangible asset impairment charge related to SIVEXTRO (tedizolid phosphate). Non-GAAP EPS of $1.16 for the fourth quarter and $5.19 for the full year of 2019 excludes acquisition- and divestiture-related costs, restructuring costs and certain other items. Non-GAAP EPS for the full year of 2019 also excludes the charge for the acquisition of Peloton and the SIVEXTRO impairment charge.

Merck continued to advance the development programs for KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab), the companys anti-PD-1 therapy; Lynparza (olaparib), a PARP inhibitor being co-developed and co-commercialized with AstraZeneca; and Lenvima (lenvatinib mesylate), an orally available tyrosine kinase inhibitor being co-developed and co-commercialized with Eisai Co., Ltd. (Eisai).

The following table reflects sales of the companys top pharmaceutical products, as well as sales of animal health products.

Fourth-quarter pharmaceutical sales increased 7% to $10.5 billion, excluding the unfavorable effect from foreign exchange, sales grew 8%. The increase was driven primarily by growth in oncology, partially offset by the ongoing impacts of the loss of market exclusivity for several products. Additionally, fourth quarter 2019 sales were reduced by $120 million due to a previously disclosed borrowing of doses of GARDASIL 9 (Human Papillomavirus 9-valent Vaccine, Recombinant) from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) Pediatric Vaccine Stockpile. Sales in the fourth quarter of 2018 were increased by $125 million due to the replenishment of previously borrowed doses of GARDASIL 9.

Growth in oncology was largely driven by sales of KEYTRUDA, which were $3.1 billion for the quarter, reflecting strong momentum from the NSCLC indications as well as continued uptake in other indications, including the recently launched RCC and adjuvant melanoma indications. Additionally, oncology sales reflect alliance revenue of $132 million related to Lynparza and $124 million related to Lenvima, representing Mercks share of profits, which are product sales net of cost of sales and commercialization costs.

Performance in vaccines for the fourth quarter reflects the negative impact of borrowing doses of GARDASIL 9 from the CDC Pediatric Vaccine Stockpile as discussed above, partially offset by higher demand in Europe and China, as well as higher demand and pricing in the United States. Excluding the borrowing-related activity in both periods, GARDASIL [Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent (Types 6, 11, 16 and 18) Vaccine, Recombinant] and GARDASIL 9 sales grew 15% in the quarter, including a 1% negative impact from foreign exchange.

Performance in hospital acute care reflects higher demand globally, particularly in the United States, for BRIDION (sugammadex) Injection 100 mg/mL, a medicine for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium bromide or vecuronium bromide in adults undergoing surgery; and the ongoing launch of PREVYMIS (letermovir), a medicine for prophylaxis (prevention) of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease in adult CMV-seropositive recipients of an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Pharmaceutical sales growth for the quarter was partially offset by the ongoing impacts from the loss of market exclusivity, including for NOXAFIL (posaconazole), EMEND (aprepitant), ZETIA (ezetimibe) and VYTORIN (ezetimibe/simvastatin), CUBICIN (daptomycin) and REMICADE (infliximab). A generic entrant of NUVARING (etonogestrel/ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring) in the U.S. also negatively affected sales for the quarter and will continue to negatively affect sales in the future. In addition, the decline in sales of JANUVIA (sitagliptin) and JANUMET (sitagliptin and metformin HCI) reflects continued pricing pressure in the United States, which more than offset higher demand globally.

Full-year 2019 pharmaceutical sales increased 11% to $41.8 billion; excluding the unfavorable effect from foreign exchange, sales grew 14%, primarily reflecting growth in oncology and vaccines, partially offset by the ongoing effects from the loss of market exclusivity for several products and continued pricing pressure in diabetes.

Animal Health Revenue

Animal Health sales totaled $1.1 billion for the fourth quarter of 2019, an increase of 8% compared with the fourth quarter of 2018; excluding the unfavorable effect from foreign exchange, Animal Health sales grew 10%. Growth for the quarter was mainly driven by livestock products due to the Antelliq acquisition.

Worldwide sales for the full year of 2019 were $4.4 billion, an increase of 4%; excluding the unfavorable effect from foreign exchange, sales grew 9%. Full-year sales growth was mainly driven by livestock products due to the Antelliq acquisition, along with higher sales of companion animal products, primarily the BRAVECTO (fluralaner) line of products for parasitic control.

Animal Health segment profits were $366 million in the fourth quarter of 2019, a decrease of 5% compared with $387 million in the fourth quarter of 2018, primarily driven by unfavorable product mix and higher investments in selling and product development, partially offset by higher sales. Segment profits were $1.6 billion for the full year of 2019, a decrease of 3% compared with $1.7 billion in 2018, primarily driven by the unfavorable effects of foreign exchange.3

Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year Expense, EPS and Related Information

The tables below present selected expense information.

$ in millions

Fourth-Quarter 2019

GAAP

Acquisition- andDivestiture-Related Costs4

RestructuringCosts

Certain OtherItems

Non-GAAP2

Cost of sales

$3,669

$325

$90

$

$3,254

Selling, general and administrative

2,888

44

1

2,843

Research and development

2,548

166

11

2,371

Restructuring costs

194

194

Other (income) expense, net

(223)

(37)

7

(193)

Fourth-Quarter 2018

Cost of sales

$3,289

$525

$10

$3

$2,751

Selling, general and administrative

2,643

6

1

2,636

Research and development

2,214

91

1

2,122

Restructuring costs

138

138

Other (income) expense, net

110

179

(3)

(66)

$ in millions

Year Ended Dec. 31, 2019

Read more here:
Merck Announces Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year 2019 Financial Results - Yahoo Finance

ThermoGenesisHoldingsInc . (NASDAQ:THMO) was upgraded by equities research analysts at ValuEngine from a hold rating to a buy rating in a note issued to investors on Tuesday, January 14th, ValuEngine reports.

Separately, HC Wainwright restated a buy rating and issued a $7.50 price target on shares of ThermoGenesisHoldingsInc . in a research note on Thursday, November 21st.

THMO traded up $0.05 during trading on Tuesday, hitting $5.01. 6,800 shares of the stock were exchanged, compared to its average volume of 59,586. The company has a market cap of $14.25 million, a price-to-earnings ratio of -1.44 and a beta of 1.02. The company has a quick ratio of 1.36, a current ratio of 1.96 and a debt-to-equity ratio of 1.16. The companys fifty day simple moving average is $4.20. ThermoGenesisHoldingsInc . has a 1-year low of $2.35 and a 1-year high of $7.00.

ThermoGenesisHoldingsInc . (NASDAQ:THMO) last released its earnings results on Tuesday, November 19th. The company reported ($0.78) earnings per share (EPS) for the quarter, missing the Zacks consensus estimate of ($0.12) by ($0.66). ThermoGenesisHoldingsInc . had a negative net margin of 89.98% and a negative return on equity of 87.88%. The company had revenue of $4.06 million during the quarter, compared to analyst estimates of $4.80 million. On average, analysts forecast that ThermoGenesisHoldingsInc . will post -0.16 EPS for the current fiscal year.

ThermoGenesisHoldingsInc . Company Profile

ThermoGenesis Holdings, Inc develops, commercializes, and markets a range of automated technologies for cell-based therapies in the United States, China, rest of Asia, Europe, and internationally. The company operates through two segments, Clinical Development and Device. It offers AutoXpress System, an automated system for the isolation, collection and storage of hematopoietic stem cell concentrates derived from cord blood and peripheral blood; Point-of CareXpress System for the rapid, automated processing of autologous peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirate derived stem cells; CAR-TXpress System that addresses the critical unmet need for chemistry, manufacturing and controls improvement of the emerging CAR-T therapies for cancer patients; BioArchive Cryopreservation System, an automated, robotic, liquid nitrogen controlled-rate-freezing and cryogenic storage system for stem cell samples and clinical products; and manual disposables.

Further Reading: Price to Earnings Ratio (PE) Basics

To view ValuEngines full report, visit ValuEngines official website.

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ThermoGenesisHoldingsInc . (NASDAQ:THMO) Raised to Buy at ValuEngine - Riverton Roll

Biogen $BIIB just won one of the biggest fights its ever faced.

The big biotech beat Mylans challenge on the patents that guard their cash cow, Tecfidera, the multiple sclerosis drug that drove the companys comeback under George Scangos and sustains his successor Michel Vounatsos as they search for new drugs.

In the inter partes review ruling, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board or PTAB determined:Having considered all the evidence, petitioner has not demonstrated by a preponderance of the evidence the unpatentability of claims 1-20 of the 514 patent.The news, a closely watched catalyst that had analysts on high alert, immediately triggered a huge 29% spike in their share price. Tecfidera earned $3.3 billion in 2019, almost half its revenue for the year.

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Roche vet Sandra Horning jumps on biopharma board no. 3 what's that worth? - Endpoints News

NEW YORK Last month, Cytovia Therapeutics unveiled two partnerships in succession: one with the New York Stem Cell Foundation, and one with Justin Eyquem's laboratory at the University of California, San Francisco. These partnerships, which contain a three-year research agreement between the three institutions, will support Cytovia's foray into developing natural killer (NK) cell-based therapies for cancer.

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Cytovia's CAR NK Alliance With NYSCF, UCSF Aims to Overcome Negative Side Effects of CAR T Drugs - Precision Oncology News

The Cell Proliferation Kit Market Report presents an extended representation of insightful enlightenment based on the Cell Proliferation Kit market and several associated facets. The report intends to present thorough market intelligence copulated with substantial market prognostications that drive market players and investors to operate their business subsequently. The Cell Proliferation Kit market report crosses through the historical and present sitch of the market to contribute authentic estimations of market size, share, demand, production, sales, and revenue.

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Global Cell Proliferation Kit Market Growth, Size, Share and Rising Trends Analysis Research Report 2024 - NY Telecast 99

Sorry Mom and Dad: It turns out you might not have been exaggerating when you told us your children made your hair turn gray.

Stress may play a key role in just how quickly hair goes from colored to ashen, a study published this past week in the journal Nature suggests.

Scientists have long understood some link is possible between stress and gray hair, but this new research from Harvard University in Massachusetts more deeply probes the exact mechanisms at play.

The researchers initial tests looked closely at cortisol, the stress hormone that surges in the body when a person experiences a fight or flight response.

Its an important bodily function, but the long-term presence of heightened cortisol is linked to a host of negative health outcomes.

But the culprit ended up being a different part of the bodys fight or flight response the sympathetic nervous system.

These nerves are all over the body, including making inroads to each hair follicle, the researchers reported.

Chemicals released during the stress response specifically norepinephrine causes pigment producing stem cells to activate prematurely, depleting the hairs reserves of color.

The detrimental impact of stress that we discovered was beyond what I imagined, Ya-Chieh Hsu, PhD, a lead study author and an associate professor of stem cell and regenerative biology at Harvard, said in a press release. After just a few days, all of the pigment-regenerating stem cells were lost. Once theyre gone, you cant regenerate pigments anymore. The damage is permanent.

But stress isnt the only or even the primary reason that most people get gray hair.

In most cases, its simple genetics.

Gray hair is caused by loss of melanocytes (pigment cells) in the hair follicle. This happens as we age and, unfortunately, there is no treatment that can restore these cells and the pigment they produce, melanin, Dr. Lindsey A. Bordone, a dermatologist at ColumbiaDoctors and an assistant professor of dermatology at Columbia University Medical Center in New York, told Healthline. Genetic factors determine when you go gray. There is nothing that can be done medically to prevent this from happening when it is genetically predetermined to happen.

That doesnt mean environmental factors such as stress dont play a role.

Smoking, for instance, is a known risk factor for premature graying, according to a 2013 study. So kick the habit if you want to keep that color a little longer.

Other contributing factors to premature graying include deficiencies in protein, vitamin B-12, copper, and iron as well as aging due in part to an accumulation of oxidative stress.

That stress is prompted by an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in your body that can damage tissue, proteins, and DNA, Kasey Nichols, NMD, an Arizona physician and a health expert at Rave Reviews, told Healthline.

And some degree of oxidative stress is a natural part of life.

We would expect increasing gray hair as we advance in age, and we see about a 10 percent increase in the chance of developing gray hair for every decade after age 30, Nichols said.

Changes you can pursue to delay premature grays include eating a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids such as walnuts and fatty fish, not spending too much time in the skin-damaging and hair-damaging ultraviolet light of the sun, and taking vitamin B-12 and vitamin B-6 supplements.

That said, if you are going gray prematurely, it wouldnt hurt to go have a checkup just in case natural genetic factors arent the sole culprit.

The new Harvard research is only a mouse study, so replicating the same results in a human study would be necessary to strengthen the findings.

But the Harvard research has implications far beyond graying hair, with the hair color change merely one obvious sign of other internal changes as a result of prolonged stress.

By understanding precisely how stress affects stem cells that regenerate pigment, weve laid the groundwork for understanding how stress affects other tissues and organs in the body, said Hsu. Understanding how our tissues change under stress is the first critical step towards eventual treatment that can halt or revert the detrimental impact of stress.

Might that also mean someday halting and reverting the march of premature gray hair? Its too soon to tell.

We still have a lot to learn in this area, Hsu said.

See more here:
Scientists Think They Know How Stress Causes Gray Hair - Healthline

When Marie Antoinette was captured during the French Revolution, her hair reportedly turned white overnight. In more recent history, former U.S. Senator John McCain experienced severe injuries as a prisoner during the Vietnam Warand lost color in his hair.

For a long time, anecdotes have connected stressful experiences with hair-graying.

Get more HMS news here

Now, for the first time, Harvard University scientists have discovered exactly how the process plays out: stress activates nerves that are part of the fight-or-flight response, which in turn cause permanent damage to pigment-regenerating stem cells in hair follicles.

The work, published inNature, details the molecular mechanisms behind the longstanding biological puzzle.

Everyone has an anecdote to share about how stress affects their body, particularly in their skin and hairthe only tissues we can see from the outside, said senior authorYa-Chieh Hsu, the Alvin and Esta Star Associate Professor of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology at Harvard. We wanted to understand if this connection is true, and if so, how stress leads to changes in diverse tissues. Hair pigmentation is such an accessible and tractable system to start with, and besides, we were genuinely curious to see if stress indeed leads to hair-graying.

Fingering the culprit

Because stress affects the whole body, researchers first had to narrow down which body system was responsible for connecting stress to hair color. The team first hypothesized that stress causes an immune attack on pigment-producing cells. However, when mice lacking immune cells still showed hair-graying, researchers turned to the hormone cortisol. Once more, it was a dead end.

Stress always elevates levels of the hormone cortisol in the body, so we thought that cortisol might play a role, Hsu said. But surprisingly, when we removed the adrenal gland from the mice so that they couldnt produce cortisol-like hormones, their hair still turned gray under stress.

After systematically eliminating different possibilities, researchers homed in on the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the bodys fight-or-flight response.

Sympathetic nerves branch out into each hair follicle on the skin. The researchers found that stress causes these nerves to release the chemical norepinephrine, which gets taken up by nearby pigment-regenerating stem cells.

Permanent damage

In the hair follicle, certain stem cells act as a reservoir of pigment-producing cells. When hair regenerates, some of the stem cells convert into pigment-producing cells that color the hair.

Researchers found that the norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves causes the stem cells to activate excessively. The stem cells all convert into pigment-producing cells, prematurely depleting the reservoir.

When we started to study this, I expected that stress was bad for the body, but the detrimental impact of stress that we discovered was beyond what I imagined, Hsu said. After just a few days, all of the pigment-regenerating stem cells were lost. Once theyre gone, you cant regenerate pigments anymore. The damage is permanent.

The finding underscores the negative side effects of an otherwise protective evolutionary response, the researchers said.

Acute stress, particularly the fight-or-flight response, has been traditionally viewed to be beneficial for an animals survival. But in this case, acute stress causes permanent depletion of stem cells, said postdoctoral fellow Bing Zhang, the lead author of the study.

Answering a fundamental question

To connect stress with hair-graying, the researchers started with a whole-body response and progressively zoomed into individual organ systems, cell-to-cell interaction and, eventually, all the way down to molecular dynamics. The process required a variety of research tools along the way, including methods to manipulate organs, nerves and cell receptors.

To go from the highest level to the smallest detail, we collaborated with many scientists across a wide range of disciplines, using a combination of different approaches to solve a very fundamental biological question, Zhang said.

One of the study collaborators wasIsaac Chiu, assistant professor of immunology in the Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, who studies the interplay between the nervous and immune systems.

We know that peripheral neurons powerfully regulate organ function, blood vessels and immunity, but less is known about how they regulate stem cells, Chiu said.With this study, we now know that neurons can control stem cells and their function and can explain how they interact at the cellular and molecular levels to link stress with hair-graying.

The findings can help illuminate the broader effects of stress on various organs and tissues. This understanding will pave the way for new studies that seek to modify or block the damaging effects of stress.

By understanding precisely how stress affects stem cells that regenerate pigment, weve laid the groundwork for understanding how stress affects other tissues and organs in the body, Hsu said. Understanding how our tissues change under stress is the first critical step towards eventual treatment that can halt or revert the detrimental impact of stress. We still have a lot to learn in this area.

More:
Research details the link between stress and gray... - ScienceBlog.com

Every year, medical technology further evolves, and new discoveries are made. This brings hope to those suffering from grave medical conditions. Health24 covers these advances on an ongoing basis, and the following are a few of the biggest breakthroughs of the decade in a nutshell:

The past decade has seen a number of medical headlines involving 3D-organ-printing, up to the point where, recently, researchers managed to create living skin, complete with blood vessels, as well as hearts. While many of these advancements need more research before they can be used in a clinical setting, 3D-printing is set to become more prevalent over the next the next decade, which will make transplanting easier for those in need.

Health24 published several stories about gene therapy over the last ten years. And while there were restrictions placed on gene therapy research in the early 2000s, there's been a strong resurgence, as illustrated by this study focusing on gene therapy in the fight against leukaemia.

Despite a number of setbacks, there were some successes that could translate to treatments in the future. One of the most recent development involves the first clinical trial of its type. Researchers used CRISPR to edit the DNA of peoples immune systems to help treat certain cancers.

While only a small number of patients were involved in the Stage 1 clinical trial, experts believe that this was an important step, in that it proved that the technique is safe to use.

Read more about gene therapy here.

The focus on gut health and our microbiome (the collection of bacteria in the gut) has never been stronger. In the past, researchers didnt pay much attention to the role of the bacteria in our gut, and it's been mainly during the past 15 years that researchers have been studying this concept.

According to the BMJ, the gut microbiota is crucial for essential processes in the body, such as the fermentation of non-digestible dietary fibres. It does more than that, though, and plays a role in many key areas of human health, from our immunity and appetite to the way we digest our food.

This helped researchers to explore the role of gut bacteria in areas like depression. An article in the BMJ reports on changes in the gut microbiota in the case of not only obesity, diabetes, and liver disease, but also cancer and even neurodegenerative diseases.

In fact, a study covered by Health24 links gut microbes to chronic fatigue syndrome, a condition that has been baffling experts for decades.

HIV and Aids remain important public healthcare topics in South Africa. During the past decade, antiretroviral treatment has improved and become more readily available. In fact, the virus is currently controlled so well that the viral load in many patients' blood has become virtually undetectable.

According to Pharmaceutical Technologies, various studies over the past decade found that treatment with antiretroviral therapy has also reduced the risk of spreading the infection to HIV-negative partners in both homosexual and heterosexual couples.

A few months ago, Health24 published a story about a man simply known as the London patient, who became entirely free from HIV following stem cell treatment for Hodgkin's Lymphoma. He was the second patient to demonstrate this phenomenon.

In 2017, a man known as the Berlin patient had two copies of the CCR5-delta32 genetic mutation. The patient stopped his ART 16 months following a bone marrow transplant, and his blood viral load was still undetectable 18 months later.

Canceris one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases reported annually, according to the World Health Organization. Experts say immunotherapy is a promising new development, and ongoing research has been conducted over the past decade.

In one of the latest studies, Dr Christopher E. Rudd, a researcher at the Centre de Recherche de l'Hpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (CR-HMR) and Universit de Montral, discovered a new cell therapy approach that boosts the immune response of T lymphocytes to malignant tumours. The results of the study were recently published in the respected journal Nature.

Image credit: iStock

Compiled by Marelize Wilke

Read the original:
5 of the biggest medical advances of the past decade - Health24

With so many groundbreaking medical advances being revealed to the world every single day, you would imagine there would be some advancement on the plethora of many female-prevalent diseases (think female cancers, Alzheimer's, depression, heart conditions etc.) that women are fighting every single day.

For Anna Villarreal and her team, there frankly wasn't enough being done. In turn, she developed a method that diagnoses these diseases earlier than traditional methods, using a pretty untraditional method in itself: through your menstrual blood.

Getting from point A to point B wasn't so easy though. Villarreal was battling a disease herself and through that experience. I wondered if there was a way to test menstrual blood for female specific diseases," she says. "Perhaps my situation could have been prevented or at least better managed. This led me to begin researching menstrual blood as a diagnostic source. For reasons the scientific and medical community do not fully understand, certain diseases impact women differently than men. The research shows that clinical trials have a disproportionate focus on male research subjects despite clear evidence that many diseases impact more women than men."

There's also no denying that gap in women's healthcare in clinical research involving female subjects - which is exactly what inspired Villarreal to launch her company, LifeStory Health. She says that, with my personal experience everything was brought full circle."

There is a challenge and a need in the medical community for more sex-specific research. I believe the omission of females as research subjects is putting women's health at risk and we need to fuel a conversation that will improve women's healthcare.,"

-Anna Villarreal

Her brand new biotech company is committed to changing the women's healthcare market through technology, innovation and vocalization and through extensive research and testing. She is working to develop the first ever, non-invasive, menstrual blood diagnostic and has partnered with a top Boston-area University on research and has won awards from The International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Northeastern University's RISE.

How does it work exactly? Proteins are discovered in menstrual blood that can quickly and easily detect, manage and track diseases in women, resulting in diseases that can be earlier detected, treated and even prevented in the first place. The menstrual blood is easy to collect and since it's a relatively unexplored diagnostic it's honestly a really revolutionary concept, too.

So far, the reactions of this innovative research has been nothing but excitement. The reactions have been incredibly positive." she shares with SWAAY. Currently, menstrual blood is discarded as bio waste, but it could carry the potential for new breakthroughs in diagnosis. When I educate women on the lack of female subjects used in research and clinical trials, they are surprised and very excited at the prospect that LifeStory Health may provide a solution and the key to early detection."

To give a doctor's input, and a little bit more of an explanation as to why this really works, Dr. Pat Salber, MD, and Founder of The Doctor Weighs In comments: researchers have been studying stem cells derived from menstrual blood for more than a decade. Stem cells are cells that have the capability of differentiating into different types of tissues. There are two major types of stem cells, embryonic and adult. Adult stem cells have a more limited differentiation potential, but avoid the ethical issues that have surrounded research with embryonic stem cells. Stem cells from menstrual blood are adult stem cells."

These stem cells are so important when it comes to new findings. Stem cells serve as the backbone of research in the field of regenerative medicine the focus which is to grow tissues, such as skin, to repair burn and other types of serious skin wounds.

A certain type of stem cell, known as mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) derived from menstrual blood has been found to both grow well in the lab and have the capability to differentiate in various cell types, including skin. In addition to being used to grow tissues, their properties can be studied that will elucidate many different aspects of cell function," Dr. Salber explains.

To show the outpour of support for her efforts and this major girl power research, Villarreal remarks, women are volunteering their samples happily report the arrival of their periods by giving samples to our lab announcing de-identified sample number XXX arrived today!" It's a far cry from the stereotype of when it's that time of the month."

How are these collections being done? Although it might sound odd to collect menstrual blood, plastic cups have been developed to use in the collection process. This is similar to menstrual products, called menstrual cups, that have been on the market for many years," Dr. Salber says.

Equally shocking and innovative, this might be something that becomes more common practice in the future. And according to Dr. Salber, women may be able to not only use the menstrual blood for early detection, but be able to store the stem cells from it to help treat future diseases. Companies are working to commercialize the use of menstrual blood stem cells. One company, for example, is offering a patented service to store menstrual blood stem cells for use in tissue generation if the need arises."

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What I Learned About Marriage as a Survivor of Abuse - SWAAY

When Marie Antoinette was captured during the French Revolution, her hair reportedly turned white overnight. In more recent history, John McCain experienced severe injuries as a prisoner of war during the Vietnam War and lost color in his hair.

For a long time, anecdotes have connected stressful experiences with the phenomenon of hair graying. Now, for the first time, Harvard University scientists have discovered exactly how the process plays out: stress activates nerves that are part of the fight-or-flight response, which in turn cause permanent damage to pigment-regenerating stem cells in hair follicles.

The study, published in Nature, advances scientists knowledge of how stress can impact the body.

Everyone has an anecdote to share about how stress affects their body, particularly in their skin and hair the only tissues we can see from the outside, said senior author Ya-Chieh Hsu, the Alvin and Esta Star Associate Professor of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology at Harvard. We wanted to understand if this connection is true, and if so, how stress leads to changes in diverse tissues. Hair pigmentation is such an accessible and tractable system to start with and besides, we were genuinely curious to see if stress indeed leads to hair graying.

Narrowing down the culprit

Because stress affects the whole body, researchers first had to narrow down which body system was responsible for connecting stress to hair color. The team first hypothesized that stress causes an immune attack on pigment-producing cells. However, when mice lacking immune cells still showed hair graying, researchers turned to the hormone cortisol. But once more, it was a dead end.

Stress always elevates levels of the hormone cortisol in the body, so we thought that cortisol might play a role, Hsu said. But surprisingly, when we removed the adrenal gland from the mice so that they couldnt produce cortisol-like hormones, their hair still turned gray under stress.

After systematically eliminating different possibilities, researchers honed in on the sympathetic nerve system, which is responsible for the bodys fight-or-flight response.

Sympathetic nerves branch out into each hair follicle on the skin. The researchers found that stress causes these nerves to release the chemical norepinephrine, which gets taken up by nearby pigment-regenerating stem cells.

Permanent damage

In the hair follicle, certain stem cells act as a reservoir of pigment-producing cells. When hair regenerates, some of the stem cells convert into pigment-producing cells that color the hair.

Researchers found that the norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves causes the stem cells to activate excessively. The stem cells all convert into pigment-producing cells, prematurely depleting the reservoir.

When we started to study this, I expected that stress was bad for the body but the detrimental impact of stress that we discovered was beyond what I imagined, Hsu said. After just a few days, all of the pigment-regenerating stem cells were lost. Once theyre gone, you cant regenerate pigment anymore. The damage is permanent.

The finding underscores the negative side effects of an otherwise protective evolutionary response, the researchers said.

Acute stress, particularly the fight-or-flight response, has been traditionally viewed to be beneficial for an animals survival. But in this case, acute stress causes permanent depletion of stem cells, said postdoctoral fellow Bing Zhang, the lead author of the study.

Answering a fundamental question

To connect stress with hair graying, the researchers started with a whole-body response and progressively zoomed into individual organ systems, cell-to-cell interaction and, eventually, all the way down to molecular dynamics. The process required a variety of research tools along the way, including methods to manipulate organs, nerves, and cell receptors.

To go from the highest level to the smallest detail, we collaborated with many scientists across a wide range of disciplines, using a combination of different approaches to solve a very fundamental biological question, Zhang said.

The collaborators included Isaac Chiu, assistant professor of immunology at Harvard Medical School who studies the interplay between nervous and immune systems.

We know that peripheral neurons powerfully regulate organ function, blood vessels, and immunity, but less is known about how they regulate stem cells, Chiu said.

With this study, we now know that neurons can control stem cells and their function, and can explain how they interact at the cellular and molecular level to link stress with hair graying.

The findings can help illuminate the broader effects of stress on various organs and tissues. This understanding will pave the way for new studies that seek to modify or block the damaging effects of stress.

By understanding precisely how stress affects stem cells that regenerate pigment, weve laid the groundwork for understanding how stress affects other tissues and organs in the body, Hsu said. Understanding how our tissues change under stress is the first critical step towards eventual treatment that can halt or revert the detrimental impact of stress. We still have a lot to learn in this area.

The study was supported by the Smith Family Foundation Odyssey Award, the Pew Charitable Trusts, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard/MIT Basic Neuroscience Grants Program, Harvard FAS and HMS Deans Award, American Cancer Society, NIH, the Charles A. King Trust Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, and an HSCI junior faculty grant.

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Researchers uncover link between the nervous system - Tdnews

First patient with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) continues to show no detectable circulating tumor cells (CTC) or putative metastatic tumor cells after 15 weeks of treatment with leronlimab in combination with carboplatin

Second patient with stage 4 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) shows 50 percent shrinkage in the primary tumor and no new signs of metastasis in the brain after treatment with leronlimab as a monotherapy

VANCOUVER, Washington, Jan. 22, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- CytoDyn Inc. (CYDY), (CytoDyn or the Company"), a late-stage biotechnology company developing leronlimab (PRO 140), a CCR5 antagonist with the potential for multiple therapeutic indications, announced today additional promising results from its clinical trials evaluating leronlimab for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) and metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

New data from the first patient enrolled in the Companys metastatic triple-negative breast (mTNBC) Phase 1b/2 trial continues to show no detectable levels of circulating tumor cells (CTC) or putative metastatic cells in the peripheral blood following 15 weeks of treatment with leronlimab in combination with carboplatin.

The second patient, enrolled through an emergency investigational new drug (IND) with stage 4 HER2+ MBC that has metastasized to the liver, lung and brain, showed a 50 percent shrinkage of the primary tumor and no new metastasis in the brain after treatment with leronlimab as a monotherapy. The patient was previously treated with pertuzumab and trastuzumab for over a year and a half. This patient has been taking leronlimab since November 25, 2019 with one 700 mg dose each week.

Recent testing of the first patient demonstrated continued absence of CTCs in all blood tubes with only one cancer-associated macrophage like cells (CAMLs) in one of two tubes. In the second patient, the follow up brain scan conducted on January 17, 2020, showed that the largest brain lesion had a greater than 4-fold reduction in size, said Bruce Patterson, M.D., chief executive officer and founder of IncellDx, a diagnostic partner and an advisor to CytoDyn. Other smaller lesions on the second patients brain have not changed in size and cerebral edema remains at decreased levels since the last imaging studies. Taken together, these results suggest continued response of both primary and metastatic tumors to treatment with leronlimab for both the first and second patient.

Nader Pourhassan, Ph.D., president and chief executive officer of CytoDyn, added: We are thrilled to see these additional data that further support leronlimab as a potential treatment option for patients with mTNBC and MBC. As a Company, we look forward to continuing our work in the oncology space and developing a potentially safe and effective treatment option for patients suffering from this deadly disease.

About Triple-Negative Breast CancerTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer characterized by the absence of the three most common types of receptors in the cancer tumor known to fuel most breast cancer growthestrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR) and the hormone epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) gene.1TNBC cancer occurs in about 10 to 20 percent of diagnosed breast cancers and can be more aggressive and more likely to spread and recur.2,3Since the triple negative tumor cells lack these receptors, common treatments for breast cancer such as hormone therapy and drugs that target estrogen, progesterone, and HER-2 are ineffective.4Currently, there are no targeted therapies approved to treat triple negative breast cancer.5

About Leronlimab (PRO 140)The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have granted a Fast Track designation to CytoDyn for two potential indications of leronlimab for deadly diseases. The first as a combination therapy with HAART for HIV-infected patients and the second is for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Leronlimab is an investigational humanized IgG4 mAb that blocks CCR5, a cellular receptor that is important in HIV infection, tumor metastases, and other diseases including NASH. Leronlimab has successfully completed nine clinical trials in over 800 people, including meeting its primary endpoints in a pivotal Phase 3 trial (leronlimab in combination with standard anti-retroviral therapies in HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients).

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In the setting of HIV/AIDS, leronlimab is a viral-entry inhibitor; it masks CCR5, thus protecting healthy T cells from viral infection by blocking the predominant HIV (R5) subtype from entering those cells. Leronlimab has been the subject of nine clinical trials, each of which demonstrated that leronlimab can significantly reduce or control HIV viral load in humans. The leronlimab antibody appears to be a powerful antiviral agent leading to potentially fewer side effects and less frequent dosing requirements compared with daily drug therapies currently in use.

In the setting of cancer, research has shown that CCR5 plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Increased CCR5 expression is an indicator of disease status in several cancers. Published studies have shown that blocking CCR5 can reduce tumor metastases in laboratory and animal models of aggressive breast and prostate cancer. Leronlimab reduced human breast cancer metastasis by more than 98% in a murine xenograft model. CytoDyn is therefore conducting aPhase 2 human clinical trial in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer and was granted Fast Track designation in May 2019. Additional research is being conducted with leronlimab in the setting of cancer and NASH with plans to conduct additionalclinical studies when appropriate.

The CCR5 receptor appears to play a central role in modulating immune cell trafficking to sites of inflammation and may be important in the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and other inflammatory conditions. Clinical studies by others further support the concept that blocking CCR5 using a chemical inhibitor can reduce the clinical impact of acute GvHD without significantly affecting the engraftment of transplanted bone marrow stem cells. CytoDyn is currently conducting a Phase 2 clinical study with leronlimab to further support the concept that the CCR5 receptor on engrafted cells is critical for the development of acute GvHD and that blocking this receptor from recognizing certain immune signaling molecules is a viable approach to mitigating acute GvHD. The FDA has granted orphan drug designation to leronlimab for the prevention of GvHD.

About CytoDynCytoDyn is a biotechnology company developing innovative treatments for multiple therapeutic indications based on leronlimab, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the CCR5 receptor. CCR5 appears to play a key role in the ability of HIV to enter and infect healthy T-cells. The CCR5 receptor also appears to be implicated in tumor metastasis and in immune-mediated illnesses, such as GvHD and NASH. CytoDyn has successfully completed a Phase 3 pivotal trial with leronlimab in combination with standard anti-retroviral therapies in HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients. CytoDyn plans to seek FDA approval for leronlimab in combination therapy and plans to complete the filing of a Biologics License Application (BLA) in 2019 for that indication. CytoDyn is also conducting a Phase 3 investigative trial with leronlimab (PRO 140) as a once-weekly monotherapy for HIV-infected patients and, plans to initiate a registration-directed study of leronlimab monotherapy indication, which if successful, could support a label extension. Clinical results to date from multiple trials have shown that leronlimab (PRO 140) can significantly reduce viral burden in people infected with HIV with no reported drug-related serious adverse events (SAEs). Moreover, results from a Phase 2b clinical trial demonstrated that leronlimab monotherapy can prevent viral escape in HIV-infected patients, with some patients on leronlimab monotherapy remaining virally suppressed for more than four years. CytoDyn is also conducting a Phase 2 trial to evaluate leronlimab for the prevention of GvHD and a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial with leronlimab in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. More information is at http://www.cytodyn.com.

Forward-Looking StatementsThis press releasecontains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Words and expressions reflecting optimism, satisfaction or disappointment with current prospects, as well as words such as believes, hopes, intends, estimates, expects, projects, plans, anticipates and variations thereof, or the use of future tense, identify forward-looking statements, but their absence does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. The Companys forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance, and actual results could vary materially from those contained in or expressed by such statements due to risks and uncertainties including: (i)the sufficiency of the Companys cash position, (ii)the Companys ability to raise additional capital to fund its operations, (iii) the Companys ability to meet its debt obligations, if any, (iv)the Companys ability to enter into partnership or licensing arrangements with third parties, (v)the Companys ability to identify patients to enroll in its clinical trials in a timely fashion, (vi)the Companys ability to achieve approval of a marketable product, (vii)the design, implementation and conduct of the Companys clinical trials, (viii)the results of the Companys clinical trials, including the possibility of unfavorable clinical trial results, (ix)the market for, and marketability of, any product that is approved, (x)the existence or development of vaccines, drugs, or other treatments that are viewed by medical professionals or patients as superior to the Companys products, (xi)regulatory initiatives, compliance with governmental regulations and the regulatory approval process, (xii)general economic and business conditions, (xiii)changes in foreign, political, and social conditions, and (xiv)various other matters, many of which are beyond the Companys control. The Company urges investors to consider specifically the various risk factors identified in its most recent Form10-K, and any risk factors or cautionary statements included in any subsequent Form10-Q or Form8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Except as required by law, the Company does not undertake any responsibility to update any forward-looking statements to take into account events or circumstances that occur after the date of this press release.

CONTACTSMedia:Grace FotiadesLifeSci Communicationsgfotiades@lifescicomms.com (646) 876-5026

Investors: Nader Pourhassan, Ph.D.President & CEOnpourhassan@cytodyn.com

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Impressive Results Continue from CytoDyns Clinical Trials Evaluating Two Patients with Leronlimab, One in mTNBC and One in MBC - Yahoo Finance