StemCell Therapy

I cannot see you Mommy, when you cuddle me so near.And yet I know you love me, it's in the words I hear.I cannot see you Daddy, when you hold me by your sideBut still I know you love me when you tell me so with pride.I cannot see to run and play out in the sun so brightFor here inside my tiny head it's always dark as night.I cannot see the treats you give when I am extra goodBut I can wag my tail in Thanks just like a good dog should."She cannot see. The dogs no good" is what some folks might say"She can't be trained, she'll never learn, She must be put away."But not you, Mom and Daddy, You know that it's alrightBecause I love you just as much as any dog with sight.You took me in, you gave me love and we will never partBecause I'm blind with just my eyes, I see you in my heart.

Sherrill Wardrip

Causes and Treatments

The causes of vision loss and blindness in dogs range from normal aging and heredity to disease and injury. Vision problems ranging from hazy vision to complete blindness occur in many dogs as part of the aging process. An untreated eye infection or stroke may result in temporary or permanent blindness. Blindness is sometimes a secondary symptom to other canine diseases such as heart, liver, and kidney ailments or systemic diseases such as diabetes.

Diabetes in dogs is on the rise. Its estimated that one in 10 dogs worldwide will eventually become diabetic. Heredity plays a large factor, and larger, older dogs and breeding females are at a higher risk. Poor nutrition and obesity are other risk factors. Three out of four dogs with diabetes will develop cataracts within a year of being diagnosed, which may result in partial or total blindness. In fact, development of cataracts may be the first indication that a dog is diabetic. Other symptoms include extreme thirst, more frequent urination possibly with accidents in the house, sudden unexplained weight loss, lethargy or depression, and abdominal pain. If your dog shows any of these signs, seek veterinary treatment immediately. As with humans, treatment for diabetes can range from a change of diet and exercise to daily insulin shots and, as with any disease, the prognosis is better with early intervention.

Cataracts, a condition where the normally transparent lens turns cloudy preventing light from reaching the retina, can result in partial or total blindness. It can be inherited or caused by infections, injury, and other diseases as well as diabetes. Cataracts can develop very quickly. Early intervention through surgery may save a dogs sight. However, if caused by diabetes, healing may be slowed and scarring could result in less than optimal results. If left untreated, cataracts can sometimes cause an inflammation called Lens-Induced Uveitis (LIU) causing glaucoma. And if the LIU is untreated and glaucoma develops, cataract surgery might not be possible.

Glaucoma a painful condition where fluid pressure increases inside the eye causing damage to the retina and optic nerves resulting in partial or total blindness. The pain is similar to that of a migraine headache. Symptoms include dilation of one or both pupils, green or yellow discharge from the eye(s), delayed response to bright light, or bloodshot eyes. Seek veterinary care as soon as possible if you notice any of these symptoms. Both medical and surgical treatments are available, but are more successful with early intervention.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is an inherited condition where the cells of the retina deteriorate causing blindness. Although not painful, both eyes are affected. It is found most often in Collies, Poodles, Schnauzers and Cocker Spaniels. The first sign of PRA is decreased night vision. Your dog may become more reluctant to go out after dark or become disoriented in low light situations. This is a degenerative disease with no cure. However, there are some antioxidant supplements available to slow the deterioration of your dog's sight.

Perhaps the most tragic and scariest of conditions is Suddenly Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome (SARDS). Much like PRA, it involves the deterioration of the retina, usually affects both eyes, and causes no pain. Unlike PRA, the blindness is sudden rather than gradual, with total blindness occurring over a few days to several weeks. Older dogs, females, and overweight dogs appear to be more at risk. The disease is diagnosed by a lack of electrical activity within the retina. Initial observation of the eye shows no structural damage, but the retina degenerates quickly over a short period of time. University of Iowa College of Veterinary Medicine has had some success in restoring the sight of dogs, but treatments are still the experimental stages. Long-term prognosis is still unknown and the costs are high. Again, successful treatment required quick intervention. For more information on SARDS, click here.

Other conditions and diseases that affect vision include high blood pressure, Cushings disease, epilepsy, tumors, heart, liver, and kidney diseases. Regardless of what you may suspect as a cause, if your dog appears to be having trouble with his vision, you should seek veterinary treatment immediately.

Vision Impairment and Blindness

Dogs do not rely on their sense of vision to the same extent as do humans. The dog's vision is also not as highly developed as it is in humans. Dogs also cannot focus well on near objects, are partially color blind, and have poor detail vision. Canine vision is superior to human vision for detecting moving objects in dim light. This vision suits their original need as nocturnal hunters. Since the majority of domesticated dogs no longer hunt to survive, blindness does not interfere with their domesticated primary function--being a companion and pet.

The Animal Ophthalmology Center

Dogs who are blind from birth are unaware that they are different from other dogs. They interact with the world much like any other puppy; they just go about it differently. Blind dogs rely on their senses of smell and hearing to compensate for the lack of sight, and those senses become more acute over time. Without proper socialization, however, a dog may become fearful and stressed in unfamiliar situations. Therefore early and frequent socialization with other animals and humans is important and should continue throughout life. It allows the dog to develop self-confidence and dog and his owner to bond more closely. The dog will experience a richer life with exposure to a variety of new people, situations, and experiences.

Most dogs with vision loss and blindness experience a gradual loss of vision over time. Frequently owners rush to the veterinarian with a claim of sudden blindness when examination indicates that the animal has been blind for some time. The dog has managed to compensate so well, its only when there is a change in their home environment or exposure to a new situation that the problem becomes apparent. These dogs are far better equipped to deal with the vision loss/blindness than the owners. The owners sense of grief and loss is understandable, but usually the pet has moved on and is coping just fine. Many people consider euthanizing their blind pets, thinking that their quality of life will be diminished.

What I say to people is, look, your dog couldnt read, write or drive a car, anyway. Hes already got four other senses that are better than yours. As long as you take good care of him, hell be okay.

Nick Whelan, Canine ophthalmologist, Ontario Veterinary College

Sudden onset blindness can be much harder for both the dog and owner than a gradual loss of vision. Even then, most dogs can adjust, but the adjustment period is likely to be longer and harder. Where a dog whose vision gradually diminishes has the opportunity to work on mapping out his environment and developing coping strategies without the owners help or knowledge, a dog with sudden onset blindness is plunged into darkness without warning. He is more likely to experience depression, nervousness, and anxiety. The owner will have to take more precautions, such as adding baby gates or otherwise blocking off stairs and other hazards, removing or padding sharp corners on furniture, and make other accommodations until the dog has adjusted to his condition and mapped his environment. You may need to limit access to one or two rooms at a time until the dog is comfortable there, before expanding his access to the rest of the house. Once he has mastered those, add another room or two. You may need to walk him around the rooms and show him obstaclesplacement of furniture and other objects, and the location of his food and water bowls and bed or crate.

How well your dog will cope with blindness will depend on the dog. Young dogs will adapt better than old dogs, but may require more vigilance because their exuberance can lead them to dangerous situations. Indoor pets are likely to adjust more easily than those allowed to run free. A dominant dog in a multi-dog environment may have more difficult adjusting than a single dog, especially if the other dogs challenge his pack position. Or his companions may help him with adjusting. If blindness is caused by a painful condition such as glaucoma or a systemic disease such as diabetes, the dog may have more difficulty adjusting until the underlying condition is treated.

Even dogs who adapt well otherwise may experience some personality changes. Many dogs will develop some degree of separation anxietythey are more dependent on their owners and will become distressed when the owner leaves. This can be addressed through training and behavioral modification, but it will be more challenging because the underlying condition, blindness, cannot be changed.

Training is good for any dog. It increases bonding between the dog and owner and gets him accustomed to taking direction from the owner. For a blind dog, it can be a lifesaver. The wait command can save your dog from injury or even death when facing hazards he cant see. If the dog was trained before going blind, he will have an easier time learning the additional commands you will need to teach him to help him navigate his darkened world.

Perhaps the most important factor in how well a dog copes with his new condition is the owner. Giving your dog the love and support he needs during his adjustment is crucial. If you must give in to your emotions, do it away from the dog. It is important to remain upbeat and positive in his presence.

Detecting Loss of Vision

Some signs that your dog may be experiencing vision loss or blindness include general clumsiness, bumping into walls and furniture, startling easily and apprehensive behavior, inability to find toys or food and water bowls, reluctance to go out at night, excessive sleeping or loss of playfulness, disorientation or confusion, or changes in the appearance of the eyes. If you notice these behaviors in your dog, you should seek immediate veterinary care.

Your veterinarian will likely conduct a thorough physical exam to determine the cause and extent of the dogs vision loss. This may include blood work, neurological exam, cerebral spinal fluid test, MCR or CT scan, and ophthalmologic exam. You may be referred to a veterinary ophthalmology specialist. Treatment of the condition will depend on the cause. And while the vision loss may not be reversible, your dog can still live a fulfilling life after adjusting to his new condition.

How Do I Help My Pet Adjust to Vision Loss or Blindness?

Naturally, you are going to be distressed at your pets vision loss. Remember that animals key in to your emotions, and that the best thing you can do for your pet is to maintain a calm, upbeat, positive attitude. Dogs can adjust to vision loss or blindness rather quicklyassuming you help, rather than hinder, the adjustment. Coddling or babying your pet usually results in a much longer adjustment period, loss of self-confidence, and may increase his dependence on you increasing his stress level. If you have a small pet, you may want to pick her up to take her to her bed or food and water bowls, or just to comfort her. Try to avoid this. It disorients her. If you do pick her up for petting and snuggling, return her to the same spot and facing the same direction. Talk to your dog when entering and exiting rooms, and prior to touching her when she is sleeping. Let her figure things out for herself. You will be surprised at how well and quickly she will adjust.

This doesnt mean you shouldnt make changes to your behavior, home and routine to accommodate your blind pet. There are a number of actions you can and should take to make to keep your pet safe and increase his confidence.

Establishing schedules and routines will be helpful to your blind pet. Feeding should be done on a set schedule and food and water bowls should not be movedeven by inches. Use adhesive stars or dots to mark locations. Some veterinarians recommend placing a small rug under food bowls and using a scent on it, a drop of peppermint or vanilla, to help her navigate to it. It usually isnt necessary as long as you keep the food and water bowl in the same place. Call your pet to dinner with the same words and tone of voice every time. Do check to make sure your pet is eating and drinking, and lead her to her bowls if she is not. If she still doesnt eat or drink, seek veterinary care immediately.

When walking a blind dog, he may be more comfortable if you walk the same route every time while he adjusts to his blindness. The smells, textures, and sounds will be familiar and comforting to him. You may want to give him more sniffing time in safe areas than you would a sighted dog. Many animals are less open to new experiences after becoming blind or experiencing vision loss. Introduce them to changes slowly and pace changes to the pets comfort level.

You can use aromas in your home to help your pet navigate. You may just elect to use twoone to signal good and one to signal bad. For example, use a drop a vanilla on food bowls, on doorways (get both sides of the doorframe so can navigate between the two) and at the top and bottom of stairs, and bitter apple on stoves, fireplaces, and rooms he would be best avoiding. Some experts suggest using a different plug-in air fresher fragrance in each room. You need to be certain to use the same fragrance in each room every time and keep a back-up supply on hand in case your local store runs out of a particular fragrance.

Talking to your dog can relieve the sense of isolation brought on by blindness. Talk to her frequently. Discuss the weather, current events, the garden, or what your mother or children said on the phone. Even taboo subject such as politics and religion, she really doesnt care! Talking to your dog will provide comfort, lessen her sense of isolation, and let her know you are there regardless of what you are saying!

Home Hazards

To the extent possible, dont rearrange the furniture in your house. After eating, move dining room chairs back to their original positions. Again, you can do this with the use of adhesive dots or stars. Keep objects off the floor and train your family members to do the same. Laundry baskets, toys and shoes left on the floor create an obstacle course that your blind dog cant see to navigate. Use your dots or stars to mark the locations of furniture and other object you move when cleaning or vacuuming. Some dogs can map a house down to within inches. Be sure to close cabinet doors and drawers so your dog doesnt bump into them.

Be especially vigilant of hazards along the walls of your home. A newly blind pet may have a tendency to hug the walls in order to avoid obstacles in the middle of the room. Your pet may become tangled up in cords for electrical appliances, blinds and drapes and be unable to free himself.

Pad the sharp corners on coffee tables and other furniture with sharp corners, especially those at your pets head height or treat them with bitter apple until he is comfortably navigating around them. You may want to use runners in rooms to indicate a clear path from one room to another, and rugs at the top and bottom of stairs. Be sure to anchor them. You will be amazed at how quickly your pet adapts and dislocates them running up and down stairs or tearing through rooms. Stairs, both indoors and out, should be blocked off until the dog learns their locations and can navigate them easily without assistance.

When turning off televisions and stereos return them to the lowest volume so that you dont startle your pet when you turn them back on. Train your teenagers to do this if they listen to music at a high volume. Gradually increase the volume when you turn them back on. Your pet will thank you!

Outdoor Hazards

You should never allow a blind pet to run loose outside a fenced area until he has perfectly mastered recall. Even then, you want to limit off-leash time to situations where you are absolutely certain he will not encounter any hazards. In the yard, trim low branches on bushes and trees in your yard and keep fallen branches picked up. Make sure childrens toys are put away or stored in a regular place. Decks and porches need to have railings low enough to keep your pet from falling off if you are going to let him out in these areas. You can use chicken wire or screening to block openings below rail level. Cedar chips, mulch, landscaping rocks, and paving stones can be placed to create a zone around obstacles such as trees, bushes, and outdoor furniture.

If you have a ground level door, it might be easier to have him always go out that door until he is fully adjusted to his disability, rather than deal with steps, porches, or raised decks without low railings. Just like a dog who can see, hes going to be excited to go outside and it might be better to take a few extra precautions to keep him safe, especially when hes newly blind.

Buy bells and attach them to the collars of your other pets or make sure their tags make noise when they are running. At a walk, most blind dogs and cats can pick up the scent of a familiar animal approaching. At a run, they may not. Blind dogs enjoy running and playing as much as sighted dogsthe noise your other pets make will help him follow his friends lead. Your other dogs are probably going to sense that he is special pretty fast and, if they are like most dogs, they will help him out.

Training

When training a blind dog, conduct your initial training sessions for any new command in a familiar place free from any obstacles and distractions. You want the dog as relaxed and at ease as possible, as this will be more conducive to learning. The sit, down, stays and recall/come commands are taught to a blind dog in the same manner as a sighted dog. Stays may be a bit more challenging for a blind dog. You should reward the dog for stays of a second or two and slowly increase the time while by her side, and do the same for increasing distance. For the recall/come command, be sure you have a large area free from any obstacles in case your dog goes a little off-course. You may need to keep talking to him until he finds you at first or in noisy situations. While walking your dog, you may find that a halter gives you more control than a leash and that your dog is more comfortable with it than a regular collar. Teaching a heel is much the same for other dogs. You should, however, work at the commands left, right and slow to let your dog know where you want her to go since she cant see you turning. These are taught by luring her with a treat just as you do when teaching a heel. For more information on basic training, click here.

The Wait and Slow commands, in addition to sits and recalls are especially important for a blind dog. These are the primary commands you can use to protect your dog from danger. You may want to use a sit instead of a recall in some situations, especially if he is likely to encounter hazards coming back to you. I cant overemphasize practicing in non-threatening situations so when a real emergency comes along, both your action and your dogs reactions are instinctive and immediate.

Wait (or Halt)

What you are really teaching here is stop, but if you are like most people, you use the word stop frequently for other purposes. Use whatever word you are comfortable with, but be consistent. Use this command when you open the front door, when getting your dog out of the car, or when he is about the wander into the street. Put your dog on a leash and begin walking with him. Tell him Wait (or halt, or whatever word you choose) while applying steady but gentle pressure on the lease until he stops. Praise and reward the second he stops. Practice this until he is responding reliably, both indoors and out, and with distractions. Then practice off lead in the house, then outside in an enclosed area and slowly add distractions. Always release your dog from wait with a release command such as Freeeeee!

Slow

Use this command to alert your dog that he's there is an obstacle is his way. Put your dog on a leash and begin walking with him. Tell him Slow while applying steady but gentle pressure on the lease until he slows. Praise and reward the second he slows. Practice this until he is responding reliably both inside and out, and with distractions. Use the Slow command if you see your dog is about to run into something.

Home

Use the home command to reorient your dog if he gets confused about where he is in the house or yard. You should have a home base both inside and out. Whatever place you pick, stay consistent. You may want to select the area where his food and water bowls are in the house or the back door outside. Lead him to home, and say home.

Stairs

If your dog has handled steps in the past, these commands may be a fairly simple for her to learn or maybe not! If she has not gone up or down stairs before (or you dont know if she has), start with a short flight of stairs or a single one if you can find it. Find stairs without an open back if possible. A street curb in an area free from traffic may be your best starting point. Going up stairs will be easier for her than going down, so start with that. Have the dog on a leash and walking beside you. As you approach the stair, say Up and lure her up one step with a treat while tapping the tread. Keep the treat close to the tread of the upper step. When she gets her paws on the step, reward and praise, and continue luring until she gets up on the step, reward and praise again. Repeat with the next step or steps. If she is reluctant, dont push her. It may take several days. If she is willing, next try going down the stairs. If she is tired, save it for another day! Lure the dog to around to face the steps. Tap the lower step, say Step and lure her with the treat. You do not want to say Step Down because she might confuse this with the down command. Going downstairs is very scary to a blind dog. Let her take as long as needed to learn this. It may take a week or more. Just be patient. Do not force her. If after a week or so, she is still reluctant to go down stairs, try to find some shallower steps or use a street curb in an area free from traffic. Going down stairs where it feels like there is nothing underneath her is the ultimate act of trust. Be understanding. Work on longer staircases only after your dog has mastered short ones comfortably. Introduce her to each set of stairs in and around your house. Block them off until she is comfortable with them.

Sudden Noise Alert

Your blind dog will be startled by loud and unexpected noisesa car starting, a door slamming, or vacuum or other appliance turned on. To the extent possible, you can minimize this by teaching her an unexpected noise is about to happen. You can use any word or words you want, maybe Uh Oh! prior to the noise occurring.

Toys and Games and Other Activities for Your Blind Pet

Keep your blind dog physically and mentally challenged to avoid him sinking into depression. Walk him often and allow him plenty of sniffing exploration breaks. At first, he may be reluctant to explore new places. If so, keep your walks to familiar routes. Give him time to adjust, and extend your walk by just a little each day. Soon exploring new places and smells will be a favorite activity.

Just like any dog, blind dogs love to play with toys and play with you. As stated before, their sense of hearing and smell will grow more acute over time. Consider these when selecting toys. Kongs filled with smelly treats are a wonderful way to keep your dog entertained. You can play fetch with a tennis ball scented with lemon oil or vanilla extract or a ball that makes noise when it bounces, but you may need to limit the distance you are throwing it. Be sure to have a clear space with no obstacles. Tennis balls inside a kiddie pool, with or without water, can be fun for your dog to chase, and they wont be able to get away from him. You can use rope toys to play tug of war. For other ideas on toys and games for your blind dog, click here and here.

Remember that blind dogs enjoy having fun, just like any dog. Click here to see the inspiring video, "Riddle's Song".

For a really fun and challenging activity, and one that depends on your blind dogs keen sense of smell, teach your dog scent tracking. Its both physically and mentally challenging for the dog, and it will simply amaze your friends. For details on training your dog to track, click here.

And, of course, snuggling and massages are fun activities for any dog, sighted or blind!

Additional resources that you might find helpful:

One of the best resources for Blind Dogs: "Living With Blind Dogs" by Caroline D. Levin RN

Other books and DVDS: http://www.petcarebooks.com

Owners of Blind Dogs website: http://www.blinddogs.com/

For information on cataracts, click here.

Read about two Great Danes (Lily is blind, while Maddison serves as her guide dog)! Click here for the original story about them, when they were up for adoption, and click here for the story about their adoption!

Read more here:
Loss of Vision and Blindness in Your Dog

Tuitionfor Academic Year 2018- 2019

Tuition for Academic Year 2018 - 2019, Click Here.

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For the academic year 2018 - 2019, tuitionis in Egyptian pounds for Egyptian students, and in U.S. dollarsfor international students.

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About Conference

Euroscicon invites globally all the leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars from the Nano Engineering and technology to attend 22ndEdition of International Conference on Nano Engineering & Technology is scheduled from December 10-11,2018atRome, Italy.EuroSciCon is the UK based independent life science Events Company with predominantly business and academic client base.

The 2018 meeting is going to be dynamic and informative as it provides the premier interdisciplinary forum for researchers, practitioners, and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns, practical challenges encountered and the solutions adopted in the field of Nanotechnology. The theme of the conference is about Future Challenges and Advanced Innovations in Nanotechnology!!!

This is a 2-day event. During the conference you can participate in General Sessions, Poster Presentations, and Workshops/Symposium, Meet-the-Professor Sessions, Oral Presentations and other interactive and informal exchanges.International symposiums, Panel Discussion and B2B meetings are organized based on the specific topics related to Nano Engineering and technology.

Topics discussed will be the forthcoming use of Nano technology in healthcare, electronics Nano materials, Nano Technology tools, Robotics, Computational Techniques and many more and other areas most recent techniques, developments, and the newest updates in Nano engineering & Nano technology.

We trust you will discover the Meeting beneficial, enlightening and agreeable. We want to personally thank the speakers, moderators, and other volunteers who are participating in the planning of this conference. Everyones energy is endless and everyones positive attitudes have amazed us throughout the year.

Nano Photonics is seen as a crucial technology which is expected to play a complementary role to micro/Nano electronics on chip and extend the capacity of telecommunication networks. Latest research is going on Nano photonics are Stability Formulation for Integrated Opto-mechanic Phase Shifters. Broadband achromatic metalens. From Two-Photon to Three-Photon Absorption. Detection of chemical and biological warfare agents. Fundamental and applied research into flexible electronics. Experimentation in electron beam lithography.

Ceramics and glass Materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials consisting of metallic and non-metallic elements. The high strength bonds in Ceramic & Glass Material gives rise to some of its special characteristics. They occupy a unique place in the field of engineered materials offering many desirable alternatives to the metals and polymers in common usage.

The Nano gadgets and Nanostructures have introduced a super exchange of the human race with its Nano way of life gadgets.. Nano scale materials are a broadly defined set of substances that have at least one critical dimension less than 100 nanometers and possess unique optical, magnetic, or electrical properties. Ultrafine particulate matter is a well-known example of nanoscale particles found in the environment

Biosensors converts the biological response into an electrical signals thereby the measurement is possible. The bio receptor may be a living organism or biological molecules, especially enzymes or antibodies. Measurement of target analyze without using any reagent is an added advantage of biosensor. New Sensor with a Breathalyzer. Optomechanical Nano sensor .hypoallergenic Electronic Sensor .optical Nano sensor Enhances Accuracy of Brain Mapping

Nano Robotics is a field under continuous development. It involves the construction of robots of the size of 10^-9m. In the last decade many Nano robots have made their way out of the drawing boards to enter into the human body and do things beyond. These robots play a key role in the field of biomedicine particularly used for the removal of kidney stone, treatment of cancer & elimination of defected part in the DNA structure etc. Special networks of stationery Nano robots will be positioned throughout the body which will keep the track of each active Nano robot passes & then report the results. Nanorobotics is also being developed for therapeutic manipulations.

Nano biotechnology is the application of nanotechnology in biotechnology. Applications in molecular diagnostics and pharmaceuticals, which include drug discovery, drug development, and drug delivery, are described. Nano biotechnology has refined the current molecular diagnostics by extending the limits of detection to single molecules. Nanoparticles play an important role in the delivery of biological therapies, which include cell therapy, gene therapy, vaccines, RNA interference, and antisense therapeutics. The most promising application of Nano biotechnology relevant to healthcare is for the development of personalized medicine. The refinement of molecular diagnostics, combination of diagnostics with therapeutics, and targeted drug delivery play important roles in this application. Finally, the safety issues of nanoparticles are discussed including measures to address these. The future prospects of Nano biotechnology are excellent the purpose of this sub track is to show, by selected examples, how biological approaches can contribute to Nano science

Due to the lack of novel drugs for the diseases, Nano pharmaceutical has appeared as an important new breakthrough for the treatment of neglected diseases like filiarasis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, malaria, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, and tuberculosis. New developments in Nano carriers have made promising advances in the treatment of several kinds of diseases with less toxicity, high efficacy and improved bioavailability of drugs with extended release and fewer applications. This deals with the current status of medicines in the treatment of neglected diseases and highlights how it provides key tools for exploring new perspectives in the treatment of a wide range of diseases.

Green nanotechnology integrates the principles of green chemistry and green engineering to produce eco-friendly, safe, nanostructures that do not use toxic chemicals in the synthesis protocol. The parallel development of nanotechnology with green chemistry and potential synergism between the two fields can lead to sustainable methods with reduced environmental impacts, protection of resources and human health. With recent developments in nanostructures, concerns of uncertainty and risk regarding environment, health, and safety (EHS) cannot be ignored. Thus the concept of green nanotechnology comes to rescue. The main goal of green nanotechnology is to produce nanostructures without affecting the environment or human health. This can be a viable substitute to the conventional physical and chemical methods of synthesizing nanostructures.

The first and foremost requirement for the choice of the biomaterial is its adequacy by the human body. A biomaterial used for implant should possess some important properties in order to long term usage in the body without reputation. The thermal stabilities of the polymer chemistry were studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis. The activation energies of the degradation of the polymer chemistry were calculated using the Arrhenius equation. The rates of polymerization of polymers in the absence and in the presence of transition metal were studied.

Owing to their unique combination of physical and chemical properties such as high electrical conductivity, high surface area, high thermochemical stability, and adequate corrosion resistance, as well as particular mechanical properties, these materials have been the subject of several scientific studies. Unfortunately, the devoted effort to explore the fundamental physics, chemistry graphene, and carbon nanotubes is not enough to properly modulate in detail all the exceptional properties (including electrical, thermal, mechanical, optical, and long electron mean free paths).

Nanomedicine, the application of Nano biotechnology in medicine, is a broad term applied to all healthcare applications of Nano biotechnology. Clinical nanomedicine is used in practically all medical specialties and three areas cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases are described.

Smart materials are defined as materials with properties engineered to change in a controlled manner under the influence of external stimuli. Some of the external stimuli are temperature, force, moisture, electric charge, magnetic fields and ph. The self-assembly of peptides has enormous applications in the fields of medicine and electronics. Bio-inspired engineered systems have been designed based on the mechanistic perceptions obtained from natural systems for novel self-assembled structures. In the biological system, each cell type is programmed to display different levels of smartness.

Certain features of nanotechnology have been found that are likely to be important in determining its impact in the future. More importantly, responding to the challenge of nanotechnology will require confronting philosophical questions about the sort of society we wish to create and the role that technology might play in creating it.

Importance & Scope:

It is often seen as a new industrial revolution, and is incrementally attracting worldwide attention owing to its wide range of end-uses. Nanotechnology has huge development prospects owing to a wide range of potential products & applications, and there is an enormous scope for its commercial extension. The global nanotechnology market is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 17.5% during 2016-2022. Thus, there lies a huge chance for industry participants to tap the fast growing market. In 2015, the global nanotechnology market has shown impressive development supported by certain prominent factors, like acquiring significant amounts of public and private investments in R&D, partnerships & strategic alliances between the countries. At present, the bio-medical industry is one of the largest sectors in which Nano-enabled products have made crucial contributions, majorly in healthcare industry, with significant growth being done in other topics like electronics and energy as well. In this report, the analysts have considered the present nanotechnology marketplace on segment basis (by application, by component and by region), while covering the present market scenario as well as contributing forecasts for each of the indicated segments till 2021. The report covers an in-depth analysis of all the important segments, taking into account the key growth taking place at global level, like creations of new opportunities by different. The global market for the nanomaterial's in the year 2006 was around US $14,000, and the global investments are to be increased 50% more by the ending of 2019. The markets for nanotechnology products and nanotechnology uses are set to grow in the coming years

Why to attend ?

22ndInternational Conference on Nano engineering and Nanotechnology -2018 which is going to be the biggest conference dedicated to Nano engineering and Nanotechnology professionals providing a premier technical forum for reporting and learning about the latest new generation technologies developed during the course of time along with discussing their applications, this is your single best opportunity to reach the largest assemblage of participants from all over the globe. Nano engineering & Nanotechnology 2018 conference will be a great platform for demonstrations to distribute information and to meet the potential Students, Scientists Researchers Business Entrepreneurs make a splash with new product line, and receive name recognition at this 2-day event., the most recent techniques, developments, and the newest updates in Nano engineering & Nano technology will be discussed in the hall of this conferences.

Target Audience:

Nano engineering and Nanotechnology Students, Scientists Nano engineering and Nanotechnology Researchers Nano engineering and Nanotechnology Faculty Nano engineering and Nanotechnology Colleges Nano and Nanotechnology Associations and Societies Business Entrepreneurs Training Institutes Manufacturing Medical Devices Companies World-renowned speakers, the most recent techniques, tactics and the newest updates along with the Advances in the fields of Nano engineering & Nanotechnology.

Market Analysis

Nano science involves the study of phenomena and manipulation of matter on a Nano meter scale and development of a wide range of tools, objects, structures, devices, systems and techniques of nanotechnologies. This is a fast-growing area of research and development. It is widely predicted that the nanotechnologies will become a central focus for driving economic growth in the 21st century. These fields are attracting rapidly increasing investments from governments and from businesses across the globe. The aim of the current UK Strategy for nanotechnologies is to describe the actions necessary to ensure that the UK obtains maximum economic, environmental and societal benefit from nanotechnologies while keeping the risks properly managed (EPSRC).Nanotechnology has the ability to solve problems associated to human civilizations, pertaining to both basic needs and aspirations for a comfortable life. In addition, market trends like nanotechnology-based thin film solar cells with high efficiency; Nano materials with higher strength; robust growth in Nano fibers and Nano medicine market; etc., are booming growth in this industry. Considering the above factors, the global nanotechnology market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of around 19% during 2013-2017.

.Nanotechnology has been the greatest incentive to technological and industrial development in the 21st century and has been recognized as the resource for the next industrial revolution. The evolving technology has already influenced a significant impact of industrial segments, and the economic activity generated from it has been high in magnitude and wide in scope. The nanotechnology-based products, which have had an enormous impact on almost each industrial sector, are now entering the consumer market in a big way On the application front, they have analyzed nanotechnology use in electronics, energy, cosmetics, medical and defense sector. In terms of component, the nanotechnology market can be segregated into Nano materials, Nano tools and Nano devices. The report covers their present and future shares in the market

Why in Rome, Italy

The nanotechnology market is driven by the ever increasing application base of and increasing emphasis on renewable and sustainable energy sector with the use of low cost materials. Moreover, initiatives of government for nano R&D and investments of technological giants propel the commercialization of next generation nanomaterials. The nanotechnology market is driven by increased demand from the end-use industries such as electronics, textile, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, aerospace, food and many others. Growing demand for efficient and cost-effective healthcare treatment and diagnostics propels the adoption of nanomaterials in drug delivery and medical devices sector. This is yet another reason which will drive the growth of nanotechnology in the near future.

Top Nanotechnology Universities, Organizations & Laboratories in Italy: -

Top Nanotechnology Companies and Industries in Italy

Recent Developments

In April 2012, Roberto Cingolani, director at the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) in Genoa, Italy, and his team developed a polymer from the monomers or molecules found in paper along with nanoparticles created in the lab. This polymer was mixed in a solution to create a polymeric matrix, which can be applied to paper either by injection, rolling, dipping or spray-coating. This nanotech paper is said to be waterproof, magnetic and antibacterial.

The 2012 Winter College on Nano-Optics and Plasmonics was organized by SPIE, the international society for optics and photonics, and seven other organizations in order to fulfill the demands of researchers and students in developing nations. It was conducted in February at the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste.

In October 2012, the 'Nanoscience and nanotechnology 2012' conference took place in Rome. It showcased the recent developments in nanoscience and its manifold technological applications in various fields.

NanotechItaly 2012 was hosted at the Convention Center of the NH Hotel Laguna Palace Venice-Mestre from November 21st to 23rd. The conference was organized to showcase global efforts in nanotechnologies under the patronage of the President of the Italian Republic.

In May 2012, a team consisting of researchers from Italy and France were honored by the European Patent Office for their invention of nano-capsules, a drug delivery system with units 70 times smaller than red blood cells and protected by a biodegradable coating - which destroy cancer cells without harming healthy tissue.

Also in the same month, a team of Italian researchers developed an all optical method to measure the temperature of gold nanostars and nanorods during nanoparticle-induced hyperthermia, a method for treating cancer with heat.

There is no shortage of companies and organisations in Italy that are involved in nanotechnology. If their nanotech developments can match the attraction of Italy as a destination for nanotech conferences and events, they will be well placed to capitalise on the nanotechnology revolution. Two areas of synergy for Italy would be textiles and clothing and chemicals with existing industries well placed to be able to integrate nanotech solutions into new products.

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Nano Engineering & Technology

Welcome Message

Dear Friends and Colleagues

It is my great honor and privilege to extend my warmest welcome you all tothe5th Edition of Euroscicon Conference onEnvironmental Science & Engineeringscheduled to be held from October 29-30, 2018 in Budapest, the beautiful capital city of Hungary. We are gathered here to discuss on the Environmental Science and Engineering, especiallySustainable Development of Environmental Science and Engineering towards Earth Science and Environmental Health.

This conference provides a platform to discuss environmental sciences and technologies in recent years and the conference highlight areEnvironmental Legislation,WasteManagement and Treatment,Green Chemistry,Environmental Geology and Earth Science,Atmospheric Sciences and Bio monitoring,Climate Changeand Public Health,Environmental Effects of Ozone Layer Depletion,Water Conservation and Hydro Power,Environmental Biotechnology, Fossil Fuels and Sources of Energy,Environmental Toxicology and Toxicity Assessment,Natural Resources and Biodiversity Conservation,Global Warming,Pollution Analysis and Environmental Sustainability,Ecology and Restoration Ecology,and so on.

The objective of the conference is to promote not only mutual exchange of scientific knowledge and technology, but also future cooperation of research among the scientists for maintaining better environmental states of the world related to the ecosystem for human and nature. I am sure that we will be listening to numerous exciting talks with new thoughts and observations through the useful presentations by multidisciplinary specialists in this conference. Papers related to the topics outlined above are invited and the others within scope of the conference are also welcomed.

This symposium is organized by EuroSciCon, founded in 2001 is a UK based independent life science events company with predominantly business and academic client base. The key strategic objective of EuroSciCon is to communicate science and medical research between academia, clinical practice and the pharmaceutical industry.

On behalf of the Organizing Committee I wish you a very successful and prosperous participation in this conference for contributing to the progress of various researches on better environment of the world.

March 2018

Dr. Hyo Choi,

Environmental Scientist & Professor, AODRI

Conference Chair of ESC 2018

EuroScicon is organising meeting onEnvironmental Science and Engineering 2018is scheduled fromOctober29-30atMercure Budapest Buda,Krisztina Krt 41-43., 1013,Budapest, Hungary. EuroScicon is the UK based independent life science events company with predominantly business and academic client base.

The 2018 meeting promises to be a dynamic and informative event and going to explore the issues, innovations and integrated approaches towardsenvironmentalsustainability, the speakers are a multidisciplinary gathering of globally perceived specialists that speak onSustainable Development of Environmental Science and Engineering Towards Earth Science and Environmental Health.

This is 2-days Meeting and you can participate in a number of educational formats including General Sessions, Poster Presentations, and Workshops/Symposium, Meet-the-Professor Sessions, Oral Presentations and other interactive and informal exchanges.

Topics will cover the latest advances in the Restoration Ecology, Earth Science and Climate Change, Renewable energy, Agricultural Production Systems & Agribusiness, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Legislation and many more.

We trust you will discover the Meeting beneficial, enlightening and agreeable. We want to thank all EuroSciCon Members and participants whose commitments and cooperation have been basic to the accomplishment of the association!!

EuroSciCon are corporate members of the following organisations:

Opportunities for Conference Attendees:

For Universities, Associations & Societies:

For Students & Research Scholars:

For Business Delegates:

For Companies:

EuroSciCon organizesInternational Environmental Science and EngineeringMeetings annually across Europe, Austria, Ireland, Germany, France, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Finland, Luxembourg, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Denmark, Macedonia, Greece, Portugal, Romania, Czech Republic, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Belgium, Scotland, Latvia, Ukraine, Sweden, Denmark, Spain, Netherlands Russia, Bulgaria, France, with solitary subject of quickening logical revelations.

About EnvironmentalScience and Engineering:

Environmental Science and Engineeringis the branch of engineering concerned with the application of scientific and engineering principles for protection of human populations from the effects of adverse environmental factors; protection of environments, both local and global, from potentially deleterious effects of natural and human activities; and improvement of environmental quality.

Environmental Engineeringcan also be described as a branch of applied science and technology that addresses the issues of energy preservation, protection of assets and control of waste from human and animal activities. Furthermore, it is concerned with finding plausible solutions in the field of public health, such aswaterborne diseases, implementing laws which promote adequate sanitation in urban, rural and recreational areas. It involveswaste water management,air pollutioncontrol, recycling,waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, animal agriculture, environmental sustainability,public healthandenvironmental engineering law. It also includes studies on the environmental impact of proposed construction projects.

Environmental Engineers study the effect of technological advances on the environment. To do so, they conduct studies on hazardous-waste managementto evaluate the significance of such hazards, advise on treatment and containment, and develop regulations to prevent mishaps. Environmental engineers designmunicipal water supplyandindustrial wastewater treatmentsystems.They address local and worldwide environmental issues such as the effects ofacid rain,global warming,ozone depletion, water pollution and air pollution fromautomobile exhaustsandindustrial sources.

Conference Highlights:

Environmental Science

Environmental Engineering

Climate Change

Pollution

Pollution Analysis and Environmental Sustainability

Global Warming

Natural Resources

Energy Conservation

Recycling and Reuse

Green Chemistry

Ecology and Restoration Ecology

Fossil Fuel

Environmental Health Science

Renewable and Non-Renewable Sources Of Energry

Environmental Hazards

Human Impact On Environment

Environmental Legislation

Waste Management and Treatment

Environmental Geology and Earth Science

Atmospheric Sciences and Biomonitoring

Environmental Effects Of Ozone Layer Depletion

Water Conservation and Hydro-power

Environmental Toxicology and Toxicity Assessment

Environmental Biotechnology

Biodiversity Conservation

Environmental Marketing

Geology In Civil Engineering

About Subject:

Environmental Science and Engineeringis the application of science and engineering principles to enhance the environment, for example, air, water, as well as land resources, to provide healthy water, air, and land for human residence and for different creatures, and to remediate polluted sites.

Environmental engineeringis the branch of engineering that is concerned about shielding individuals from the impacts ofantagonistic natural impacts, for example, contamination, and also enhancing environmental quality. Environmental engineerswork to enhance recycling, waste disposal, public health, and water and air contamination control, as per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

It utilizes the principles of biology and chemistry to develop solutions for ecological issues. The objective of environmental engineeringis to integrate scientific andengineering principlesto limit air contamination and waste discharge from industries, tidy up dirtied/polluted sites, set up proper mechanism for waste disposalresulting from human activity and study the impact of proposed construction sites on environment. Aside from this, environmental engineeringpromotes energy conservation and is also concerned with finding solutions in areas of public health such as implementing adequate sanitation facilities.

Subjects including environmental engineeringincorporate waste management, water supply,waste water treatment, air contamination,recycling and disposal of wastes, protection from radiation, public health, environmental engineering law, and the effects of man-made projects on the environment.

About Budapest, Hungary:

Budapest is the capital and most crowded city of Hungary, one of the biggest urban communities in the European Union and sometimes portrayed as the primate city of Hungary. It has a area of 525 square kilometers (203 square miles) and a population of around 1.8 million within the administrative limits in 2016. It is both a city and region, and structures the focal point of the Budapest Metropolitan Area, which has a region of 7,626 square kilometers. Budapest turned into a solitary city involving the two banks of the Danube River with the unification of Buda and buda on the west bank, with Pest on the east rely upon November 17, 1873. Budapest is an Alpha-worldwide city with qualities in the social insurance, inquire about, training, media, trade, plan, and tourism. Budapest is refered to as a standout amongst the most lovely urban communities in Europe positioned as the most liveable Central and Eastern European city on EIU's personal satisfaction file positioned as "the world's second best city" by Cond Nast Traveler and "Europe's seventh most pure place to live" by Forbes.

Budapest is home to more than 35 advanced education organizations, of which a substantial number of colleges. Under the Bologna Process, numerous offered capabilities are perceived in nations crosswise over Europe. Drug, dentistry, pharmaceuticals, veterinary projects, and building are among the most well known fields for nonnatives to attempt in Budapest. The focal zone of the city along the Danube River is delegated an UNESCO World Heritage Site and has numerous remarkable landmarks, including the Hungarian Parliament, Buda Castle, Fisherman's Bastion, Gresham Palace, Szchenyi Chain Bridge, Matthias Church and the Liberty Statue.

We are going to cover the following major scientific sessions in Environmental Engineering conference which is going to held in Budapest, Hungary from October 29-30, 2018.

Your suggestions related to the conference will be highly appreciated!!

Environmental Science:

Environmental science is likewise alluded to as an interdisciplinary field since it fuses data and thoughts from different orders. Inside the characteristic sciences, such fields as science, science, and geography are incorporated into ecological science. At the point when a great many people consider ecological science, they think about these common science viewpoints, yet what makes natural science such a perplexing and wide field is that it likewise incorporates fields from the sociologies and the humanities.The sociology handle that are consolidated into ecological science incorporate geology, financial matters, and political science. Logic and morals are the two fields inside the humanities that are likewise incorporated into ecological science. By joining parts of the normal sciences, sociologies, and the humanities, the field of natural science can cover more ideas and furthermore analyze issues and subjects from various perspectives.

Environmental Engineering:

Environmental Engineering alludes to the utilization of logical procedures to assist enhance the Earth's condition to give more beneficial land, water and air for human utilize and to discover approaches to downsize on contamination locales. It utilizes the standards of science and science to create answers for natural issues. The objective of natural building is to coordinate logical and designing standards to limit air contamination and waste release from enterprises, tidy up dirtied destinations, set up suitable system for squander transfer coming about because of human movement and concentrate the effect of proposed development locales on condition.Aside from this, natural designing advances vitality preservation and is likewise worried about discovering arrangements in zones of general wellbeing, for example, executing sufficient sanitation offices.

Waste Recycling And Reuse:

Shockingly, a lion's share of our waste discover route into lakes, streams, and seas. This damages arrive creatures, feathered creatures, marine creatures and in the end, people. At the point when storms happen, snow or rain streaming along their regular way made a beeline for waterways, streams, sewerage frameworks and tempest channels convey along rubbish littered on its course. The last goal is immense collections of life supporting waters. This marvel can prompt contamination of water sources and flare-up of sicknesses, for example, the runs and cholera. Reusing is the surefire method for alleviating contamination of life supporting water assets.

Environmental Legislation orEcological enactment is the gathering of laws and directions relating to air quality, water quality, the wild, jeopardized natural life and other ecological elements. The umbrella of ecological enactment covers numerous laws and controls, yet they all cooperate toward a shared objective, which is managing the collaboration amongst man and the common world to lessen dangers to nature and increment general wellbeing.

Human Impact On Environment:

Human effect on condition in a few ways, some normal impacts incorporate water quality, ecological contamination and ozone harming substance discharges, exhaustion of regular assets and commitment to environmental change. Some of these are the immediate aftereffect of human exercises, though others are auxiliary impacts that are a piece of a progression of activities and responses. However, innovation is making lives of people less demanding and agreeable. It represents an incredible danger to the earth. The risk is because of contamination, radiation perils, abuse of normal assets and so forth. Ozone harming substances and mist concentrates influence atmosphere by changing approaching sun oriented radiation and out-going infrared (warm) radiation that are a piece of Earth's vitality adjust. Changing the air plenitude or properties of these gases and particles can prompt a warming or cooling of the atmosphere framework.

Waste Management And Treatment:

Waste Management is the way toward treating strong squanders and offers assortment of answers for reusing things that don't have a place with junk. It is about how trash can be utilized as an important asset. Squander administration is something that every last family unit and entrepreneur on the planet needs. Squander administration discards the items and substances that you have use in a sheltered and proficient way. Some of the common ways of managing waste are Waste disposal, Landfills, Combustion, Recovery & Recyling, Plasma gasification, Composting, Waste minimization.

Green Chemistry:

Green chemistry, likewise calledsustainable chemistry, is a zone of science and compound building concentrated on the planning of items and procedures that limit the utilization and age of risky substances. Thoughecological sciencecentres around the impacts of contaminating chemicals on nature, green science centres around mechanical ways to deal with anticipating contamination and decreasing utilization of non-renewable assets. It is also known asGreen science.The general objectives of green scienceto be specific, more asset proficient and intrinsically more secure plan of particles, materials, items, and procedurescan be sought after in an extensive variety of settings.

Environmental Geology And Earth Science:

Environmental geology is the branch oftopographythat is worried about the associations amongst people and the geologic condition. Natural topography is basically a method for applying geologic learning to distinguish, remediate, and ideally keep, ecological issues from happening because of individuals.Environmental geologistsmust have a strong comprehension of right now happening geologic occasions, as well as authentic geologic occasions, for example, past quakes and surges. This information of the past is vital in light of the fact that it encourages them to show signs of improvement thought of what sorts of geologic occasions rehash themselves, with what recurrence they may happen, and what kinds of harm happened on account of those occasions. This is not the same as what a scientist (somebody who examines fossils) would do, on the grounds that natural geologists are worried about how the past is identifying with the present.

Atmospheric Science And Biomonitoring:

Atmospheric Chemistry is a branch of environmental science in which the science of the Earth's air and that of different planets is considered. It is a multidisciplinary approach of research and draws on natural science, material science, meteorology, PC displaying, oceanography, geography and volcanology and different orders. Research is progressively associated with different fields of concentrate, for example, climatology.

The sythesis and science of the Earth's air is of significance for a few reasons, yet essentially in view of the connections between the environment and living beings. The structure of the Earth's environment changes as consequence of characteristic procedures, for example, well of lava emanations, lightning and barrage by sun powered particles from crown. It has likewise been changed by human movement and some of these progressions are destructive to human wellbeing, products and biological systems. Cases of issues which have been tended to by climatic science incorporate corrosive rain, ozone consumption, photochemical exhaust cloud, ozone depleting substances and an Earth-wide temperature boost. Environmental scientific experts look to comprehend the reasons for these issues, and by acquiring a hypothetical comprehension of them, enable conceivable answers for be tried and the impacts of changes in government arrangement assessed.

Climate Change:

Climate change is influencing natural conditions for individuals and untamed life. As a aftereffect of changing natural conditions, climate change influences untamed life species both specifically and by implication. Current strategies impact the territory and dispersion of potential natural life living space. Because ofenvironmental change, approaches received to impact the administration of environments are relied upon likewise to influence the natural life living space and populaces that rely upon these biological systems (IPCC 2007, MEA 2005). Numerous scientists have investigated potential effects of environmental change on natural life populaces and territories, and additionally moves in vegetation groups coming about because of anticipated environmental change.

Link:
Environmental Conferences | Climate Change conferences ...

What regenerative medicine options do you offer?

DMOS offers three types of regenerative medicine options, all commonly used to treat different musculoskeletal conditions, including arthritis, muscle strains, tendon and ligament injuries.

The injection type differs based on the patient assessment and their individualized needs.

By definition, PRP is a collection of growth factors (which are proteins that are important in the healing of injuries), that can have controlled levels of white and red blood cells, based on the healing process necessary. Laboratory studies have shown that the increased concentration of growth factors in PRP can potentially speed up the healing process. Many world-class athletes use PRP therapy to repair their sports injuries faster.

Technically, BMAC is a collection of growth factors and cells, which include stem cells. Physicians use BMAC when they believe the potential upside of containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is necessary for treatment.

This injection serves to help as a local anti-inflammatory and reset the bodys natural balance in the arthritic joint. In technical terms, APS is a denatured PRP that delivers proteins, which block arthritic pain receptors. APS may be the preferred course of treatment based on if the patient exhibits radiographic evidence of knee, hip or shoulder OA (osteoarthritis).

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Regenerative Medicine - DMOS - Des Moines Orthopedic Centers

Regenerative medicine promotes the reparative response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells. Researchers prepare the stem cells in a lab beforehand, and are manipulated to specialize into specific types of cells, such as heart muscle cells, blood cells or nerve cells. While Stem cell therapy requires no invasive surgery, these stem cells called placental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are prepared beforehand, and injected directly into the area of pain or injury of your joint, muscle, ligament, or tendon. This procedures objective is simply to relieve pain, while the new stem cells stimulate your body to repair itself and heal faster, by generating healthy tissue. Stem cell therapy has recently had a major breakthrough within the medical field, particularly in the field of Orthopedics, due to the potential of these stem cells ability to allow the body to heal itself, and possibly eliminate arthritis pain and other chronic or acute pain from injuries. Benefits of Regenerative Medicine:

What is it? Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy is a revolutionary procedure that uses components of the bodys own blood cells to stimulate the natural healing process in certain orthopedic conditions.The bodys first response to any soft tissue injury (ligaments and tendons) is to deliver platelet cells. Filled with healing and growth factors, the platelets jump-start the repair process. The platelets are separated from the rest of the blood cells and put through a process called centrifugation, which increases the platelets concentration. These platelets are then injected into the area needed with different concentrations of other cells to enhance the bodies healing process and decrease pain. This quick procedure can also provide effective pain relief, eliminating the need for surgery and prolonged recovery.

If you are a candidate for regenerative medicine or PRP therapy, call Midwest Orthopaedics in Shawnee Mission or Overland Park, Kansas at(913) 362-8317orrequest an appointment online.

Amniotic tissue has been used for many years to treat a variety of medical issues and has had excellent results. More recently there has been application to orthopedic issues such as arthritis and tendon/ligament healing. The amniotic membrane is a layer of the amniotic sac, which is donated after birth and does not contain fetal tissue. It is dehydrated and stored and then rehydrated at the time of injection. The process is very simple and similar to a cortisone injection. The injection can decrease inflammation and promote healing through multiple growth factors. It is safe and very effective.

Many orthopedic conditions can be treated with PRP or Amnitoic Membrane injections, including chronic pain and stiffness associated with osteoarthritis. If you have pain, limited mobility, swelling, or sports injuries, chances are regenerative medicine therapy can benefit you, and has shown promising results, treating these common conditions:

If you are a candidate for regenerative medicine therapy, call Midwest Orthopaedics in Shawnee Mission or Overland Park, Kansas at(913) 362-8317orrequest an appointment online.

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Regenerative Medicine | PRP Therapy | Midwest Orthopaedics

Regenerative injection therapy for tendons, ligaments, muscles and spine conditions.

About Regenerative Injection Therapies (RIT).

Regenerative injections broadly deals with the use of biologic materials to enhance the body's own repair mechanisms to help heal previously non-reparable tissues. The goal of these non-surgical procedures is to help heal the source of pain, not to simply mask it. The exact mechanism is evolving, but science points toward enhancing and stimulating healing and stabilizing factors of the local tissues.

Regenerative injection treatments offer a viable alternative for individuals considering elective orthopedic surgery or joint replacement due to arthritis or injury. Patients experience very little down time and they typically avoid the long, painful rehabilitation periods that can follow surgery. Since 2014, Regenerative Spine & Musculoskeletal Medicine has provided state of the art regenerative cellular therapies to help patients find relief from pain without invasive surgeries.

The Procedures:

Prolotherapy:

This treatment involves injecting a proliferant (usually dextrose) into weakened or injured joints, ligaments, or tendons. With a precise injection of a mild irritant solution directly on the site of injury, prolotherapy creates a mild, controlled inflammation that stimulates the bodys natural healing mechanism to lay down new tissue on the weakened area. Additional treatments repeat the process, allowing a gradual build-up of tissue to help restore strength to the area and relieve pain. Injection sessions are done 3-6 weeks apart, and usually a series of 3 injection sessions is done and then the response is assessed. The average number of treatment sessions is between 3 and 6.

Perineural Injections:

Peri-neural injections involves injecting diluted dextrose solutions superficially along the pathway of chronically inflamed nerves. They can be used for any part of the body where nerve pain exists. After the first treatment, pain relief may initially last for a period of four hours to four days. Repeated treatments (usually 6-8 sessions) are necessary, given every 1-3 weeks.

Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy (PRP):

During PRP therapy, a small vial of your own blood is drawn and placed in a centrifuge to separate the platelet-rich plasma from other blood components. This highly concentrated platelet-rich layer contains growth factors and a variety of cells. Growth factors stimulate local cells for tissue repair and remodeling. Your PRP is injected into and around the area of injury. Several injections may be done at the injured site at one time to fully treat the area. Many times only one injection is needed. If there is an incomplete response to treatment additional injections may be advised.

Cell Therapy:

Stem cells(MSCs) are readily available and can be harvested from your bone marrow through a needle. Once injected into an area of injury, MSCs secrete bioactive molecules to modulate repair and offer the potential to regenerate injured cartilage, ligament, tendons, or muscle. MSCs can be thought of as the manager of your bodys innate healing potential. Many times only one injection is needed. If there is an incomplete response to treatment additional injections may be advised.

Lipoaspirate (Fat) Graft:

Lipo aspirate therapy is a gentle process that uses your body's own fat tissue to cushion and support areas of injury or damage as your body heals itself. The fat is taken from the stomach, flank or thigh areas using a local anesthetic. It is especially effective for areas where there are soft tissue defects such as tears or arthritis. This type of injection is used in collaboration with PRP or bone marrow aspirate cell injections, which deliver growth factors to the injured area.

Alpha 2 Macroglobulin (A2M):

A2M is a naturally occurring molecule found in your blood that acts as a powerful protector against cartilage breakdown and progression of arthritis. A small vial of your own blood is drawn and placed in a centrifuge to separate the blood components, then is injected. A2M attaches to and removes the destructive enzymes that damage cartilage cells in the joint. The A2M is soothing to the joint and acts like a natural anti-inflammatory.

What parts of the body can benefit from regenerative treatments?

Spinal Injections:

Spinal procedures can be performed with dextrose, platelet/growth factors, or cellular therapy for those who wish to avoid the effects of steroids. Epidural nerve blocks, spine ligaments, facet joint, sacroiliac joint and intervertebral disc injections with platelets/growth factors may be performed. The injection is performed in the same manner as conventional spine injections with the use of x-ray guidance to ensure accurate placement of the treatment.

Joint, tendon, ligament, muscle Injections:

Musculoskeletal injections can be performed with dextrose, platelet/growth factors, or cellular therapy for those who wish to avoid the effects of steroids. Whenever appropriate the injection is performed with the use of x-ray or ultrasound guidance along with full safety and sterile precautions.

What conditions can benefit from regenerative injections?

Will insurance cover my Regenerative Injection?

Insurance companies will not pay for the cost of the Regenerative treatment. The cost of your injection can be discussed after your visit once you and the provider have decided on the most appropriate treatment option for you.

What sets Regenerative Spine & Musculoskeletal Medicine apart from others?

As the popularity of RIT grows, other medical professionals are beginning to perform these procedures, with great variation in training and background. Rene S. Melfi, M.D. is a physician specializing in non-surgical spine, orthopedic and musculoskeletal performance and function. With three national board certifications and Fellowship training in interventional spine and musculoskeletal medicine, Dr. Melfi has been performing spine and orthopedic injections since 2002. Dr. Melfi is also certified in Integrative Medicine and Acupuncture, and offers suggestions to enhance your results with recommendations for proper nutrition and supplements.

Your procedure at Regenerative Spine & Musculoskeletal Medicine is carefully chosen based on review of the latest evidence based medicine. Image guidance with x-ray or ultrasound is used, when appropriate, to confirm accurate placement of cellular therapy to optimize your results.

Call today for your appointment and a premier experience in Regenerative Injection therapy in Central New York 315-701-4000.

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Syracuse Regenerative Medicine

Posted on August 12th, 2009 in Blog, Eye Health | No Comments Did you know that you can have perfect eyesight but still havevision problems?

It seems that people use the words eyesight and vision quite often to mean the same thing.

Eye sight is tested through ones ability to see images up close and far away (usually during an eye examination these are the charts with letters and numbers on them). At this point, the optometrist is testing for visual acuity. How accurately are your eyes seeing the image?

The term visionhowever, encompasses the idea of eyesight but goes a little bit beyond it. After testing for visual acuity, eye care doctors also check to see if the eyes are working in sync, or what is called binocularity.

When the eyes are not working together, or one eye is working harder than the other, it is common to experience eye strain and headaches. If left untreated, eyes with poor binocularity can worsen significantly, resulting in conditions like lazy eyes.

Getting the appropriate corrective lenses made when you buy eye glasses can make a world of difference.

More:
The Difference between Sight & Vision - Dr. Tavel

About Dr. Goberville

Dr. Gary Goberville is a board-certified optometrist who specializes in sports vision correction, pediatrics, and adult ocular health. He graduated from Boston, Massachusetts New England School of Optometry, where he earned a Doctor of Optometry degree. He then moved on to work at Nova Southeast University as a professor of pediatric optometry.

Dr. Goberville is passionate about eye care even when hes not at the office. He gives his time to the Broward County Optometric Association, where he once served as its president.

Through the years, Dr. Goberville has stayed up-to-date on the newest cutting edge vision diagnostic and testing equipment. His tests can detect brain tumors, diabetes, foreign bodies, eye infections, and glaucoma at the onset of these diseases.

Services We Offer

At Eye Site Vision Center, our eye doctor Dr. Goberville and the rest of our talented staff offer many services in addition to the ones mentioned above.

Contact Us Today at Any of Our Convenient Multiple Locations

At Eye Site Vision Center, we have multiple locations so its more convenient for you to prioritize your eye health. Come see us in Boca, Lighthouse Point, and Coral Springs.

To schedule an appointment, give us a call at (954) 344-3937 or schedule an appointment today online.

Coral Springs(954)-344-39372344 N. University Dr.Coral Springs, FL 33065

Lighthouse Point(954) 943-37792490 N. Federal HwyLighthouse Point, FL 33064

Boca Raton(561) 479-14119874 Yamato Rd. Bay 120Boca Raton, FL 33434

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Eye Site Vision Center - Optometrist in Boca Raton ...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure are common conditions, associated with 12% of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. End stage renal disease (ESRD), or kidney failure, accounts for 6% of the Medicare spending in the United States. The major causes of kidney failure are hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

Current treatment options often fail due to the progression of renal disease. The pathology involves tubulointerstitial fibrosis, oxidative damage, glomerular fibrosis, and microvascular rarefaction. The kidneys have intrinsic regenerative capacity, which allows them to recover after minimal injury. The regenerative potential of these organs is limited, however.

How Stem Cells Work

Stem cell transplant and infusions are now being used to treat kidney failure with positive outcomes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) produce cytokines and growth factors that support hematopoiesis. These cells can transform into renal epithelial cells, functional mesangial cells, and tubular cells. Research shows that each stem cell viability is 95%, and injections work 99% of the time. MSCs have ability to reduce inflammatory response, reduce apoptosis, and increase renal function recovery.

Most chronic kidney disease patients are treated with stem cells and show improvement in the following areas:

Clinical Research Studies

Stem cells are isolated from bone marrow aspirate or fat tissue (adipose) via liposuction. These cells possess unique immunomodulatory properties that relieve inflammation, and they can facilitate renal tissue repair. Several clinical studies have proved that stem cells are safe and effective for treating renal failure. Some research suggests that stem cells can change into ectodermal and endodermal lineages, and secrete growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines.

In a recent clinical study, researchers found that stem cells possessed a high potential for angiogenesis (vessel re-growth). In addition, investigators noted local tissue turnover and repair of kidney damage after stem cell therapy. The cells were also noted to go to the site of kidney injury. The stem cells are known to release dozens of active biological factors that act on local cell dynamics, reduce inflammation, lessen fibrosis, and recruit resident progenitor cells.

A phase 1 research study involved stem cell infusions given one week after kidney transplant surgery. The researchers found that they decreased graft rejection, and both patients had excellent kidney function at the 1-year follow-up evaluation. The patients also recovered faster from surgery, had less complications, and few adverse effects. Another similar study involving five people with renal failure involved administration of stem cell injections. Six months after transplant, a noted immunomodulatory effect was noted.

Another clinical study showed feasibility and safety of stem cell infusion for the treatment of renal disease. The study involved several cohort patients, as well as a control group. The stem cells were infused through the renal artery. At the 1-year follow-up, researchers noted a beneficial effect and reduced dosage requirement of immunosuppressive drugs. These clinical trials prove effectiveness and safety of stem cell therapy for renal diseases. Notable findings include improved resolution of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, as well as decreased risk of infection, positive effects of infusion, and lower incidence of acute rejection.

Stem cell therapy for kidney failure is treated at various R3 Stem Cell Centers of Excellence. The treatments are often effective at helping the kidney function better and preventing the need for dialysis. See if you are a candidate by completing the form HERE!

Resources

Peired AJ, Sisti A, & Romagnani P (2016). Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Kidney Disease: A Review of Clinical Evidence. Stem Cells Int, 4798639.

Perico N, Casiraghi F, Introna M, Gotti E, Todeschini M, Cavinato RA, et al. Autologous mesenchymal stromal cells and kidney transplantation: a pilot study of safety and clinical feasibility.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol.2011;6:412422

Reinders ME, de Fijter JW, Roelofs H, Bajema IM, de Vries DK, Schaapherder AF, et al. Autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of allograft rejection after renal transplantation: results of a phase I study.Stem Cells Transl Med.2013;2:107111.

Tan J, Wu W, Xu X, Liao L, Zheng F, Messinger S, et al. Induction therapy with autologous mesenchymal stem cells in living-related kidney transplants: a randomized controlled trial.JAMA.2012;307:11691177.

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Kidney Failure | R3 Stem Cell

Usually in late stage kidney disease the patient is faced with making choices like choosing between dialysis and/or kidney transplant. Patients that have very low glomerular filtration rates, high abnormal BUN and Creatine; Albuminuria are excellent candidates for stem cell treatment.

Patients from the age of five to eighty with chronic kidney disease that are candidates for dialysis or transplants should consider stem cell therapy. This is particularly true with individuals that have persistent impaired renal function. To evaluate your condition, it would be desirable for us to review a report on either a renal ultrasound or renal scan.The source of the stem cells is umbilical cord blood and of your own adipose tissue (fat). The blood is carefully screened to rule out HIV, Hepatitis B and C.

The entire treatment process can be done in one day with very little downtime. In some cases, the treatment may be repeated the next day in the same fashion.Post procedure, the patient is followed once a month with standard kidney function tests including BUN, Creatinine, 24 hour creatinine clearance test and glomerular filtration rate to determine progress. Follow ups can be done by your local nephrologist.

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Kidney Disease > MyStemCellCare

Healthy Body Paks

The entry level Healthy Body Paks (Start Pak, Weight Loss Pak, Blood Sugar Pak, etc. see above) are a great favorite among those new to the world of self-health through smart supplementation because they are both affordable and tailored to meet a variety of individual need. Selection is easy. Decide which one comes closest to describing the physical function you most wish to support, decide between the different flavors (tangerine, peach) and delivery formats (powder, pill, liquid) and, finally, select the one that is priced right for you.You cant go wrong. After all, Dr. Wallach has seen to it that each Healthy Body Pak delivers a foundation of all 90 nutrients essential to human health ("90 For Life") and that each Healthy Body Pak contains his built-in secret sauce. It is his secret sauce that makes everything work, that both enhances overall product performance and targets nutritional support to specific physiological function. And it is his 90 For Life foundation, a full spectrum of essential nutrients, that keeps the body supplied with everything it requires to perform optimally. Nothing is left to chance.....MORE

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gevity90.com

Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms. New DNA may be inserted in the host genome by first isolating and copying the genetic material of interest using molecular cloning methods to generate a DNA sequence, or by synthesizing the DNA, and then inserting this construct into the host organism. Genes may be removed, or "knocked out", using a nuclease. Gene targeting is a different technique that uses homologous recombination to change an endogenous gene, and can be used to delete a gene, remove exons, add a gene, or introduce point mutations.

An organism that is generated through genetic engineering is considered to be a genetically modified organism (GMO). The first GMOs were bacteria generated in 1973 and GM mice in 1974. Insulin-producing bacteria were commercialized in 1982 and genetically modified food has been sold since 1994. Glofish, the first GMO designed as a pet, was first sold in the United States December in 2003.

Genetic engineering techniques have been applied in numerous fields including agriculture, industrial biotechnology, terraforming, and most notably, medicine.

Humans have altered the genomes of species for thousands of years through selective breeding, or artificial selection as contrasted with natural selection, as well through mutagenesis. Genetic engineering as the direct manipulation of DNA by humans outside breeding and mutations has only existed since the 1970s. The term "genetic engineering" was first coined by Jack Williamson in his science fiction novel Dragon's Island, published in 1951, one year before DNA's role in heredity was confirmed by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase, and two years before James Watson and Francis Crick showed that the DNA molecule has a double-helix structure.

In 1972 Paul Berg created the first recombinant DNA molecules by combining DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with that of the lambda virus. In 1973 Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen created the first transgenic organism by inserting antibiotic resistance genes into the plasmid of an E. coli bacterium. A year later Rudolf Jaenisch created a transgenic mouse by introducing foreign DNA into its embryo, making it the worlds first transgenic animal. These early achievements led torestrictions on genetic research after a backlash from environmental groups and members the scientific establishment. Activists groups strongly opposed to genetic engineering pushed for increasingly restrictive laws on research and the use of genetic engineering in crops.

In 1976 Genentech, the first genetic engineering company, was founded by Herbert Boyer and Robert Swanson and a year later the company produced a human protein (somatostatin) in E.coli. Genentech announced the production of genetically engineered human insulin in 1978. In 1980, the U.S. Supreme Court in the Diamond v. Chakrabarty case ruled that genetically altered life could be patented. The insulin produced by bacteria, branded humulin, was approved for release by the Food and Drug Administration in 1982. The early success of Genentech and the legal victory for genetics companies, led to an explosion of research into Genetically modified crops in the 1980s and 90s. Field trials in France and the US in 1986 introduced herbicide resistant tobacco plants, and transgenetic crops like the Bt Potato and the Flavr Savr tomato all entered mass market during this period.

Main Article: Biotech bubble

In 2010, scientists at the J. Craig Venter Institute, announced that they had created the first synthetic bacterial genome. The researchers added the new genome to bacterial cells and selected for cells that contained the new genome. To do this the cells undergoes a process called resolution, where during bacterial cell division one new cell receives the original DNA genome of the bacteria, whilst the other receives the new synthetic genome. When this cell replicates it uses the synthetic genome as its template. The resulting bacterium the researchers developed, named Synthia, was the world's first synthetic life form. Synthia spawned a new wave research into and public outcry over Genetically modified organisms. Dubbed "Frankenfood," by environmental groups and left-wing politicians, a series of laws were passed across the US and Europe to identify and limit access to GMO foods.

The technology saw rapid advances in the 2010s and 2020s with the introduction of CRISPR-based gene editing technologies which radically reduced the cost while increasing the accuracy of gene editing. New government regulations were slow to be adopted, and at the time there were fears that CRISPR would make it possible for anyone to create a "super-bug" or antibiotic resistant bacteria or supervirus. Regulatory reforms during the Booker administration established national programs for researching gene editing technologies and created guidelines for the private sector to begin experimenting with CRISPR.

The public backlash against GMOs subsided in the face of the Flood, or more specifically the Famine of 2027 which resulted from the effects of climate change. Government support and funding for GMO crops spawned new strains of heartier corn, wheat, and potatoes that could endure harsher climates, and fish farms began growing strains of Tuna that were modified to handle the drop in salinity of the oceans. European nations began aggressively removing barriers to genetically modified organisms to remain competitive, while China and India faced protests and even riots demanding the import of high-yield rice and wheat strains to end the famine. Many of these new strains were originally developed for use on the Moon and Mars, and research capital from the Space Industry for terraforming GMOs nearly equaled government research funding. On the moon, the first Genetically modified tree, the Hedra Fir, was introduced in Armstrong city on the moon. Genetically modified strains of bacteria were introduced to break up lunar silicates and produce nutrients for a soil base; similar strains were employed across the solar system in early stages of terraforming. On Earth these technologies fueled an explosion in the biotech industry to cater to agribusiness, healthcare, and bio-industry.

When humans started being genetically modified, they were discriminated against by law. This led to the Augment Rights Movement which brought an end to such discrimination.

Genetic engineering in plants is the oldest form of commercially viable genetic technology. During the Famine of 2027, Bio-ethics protocols were relaxed to allow for more GM produce to be produced to feed the hungriest places on Earth. Golden Rice, developed in the early 1990s, was one such GM Plant that benefitted from the new policies. Rich in Beta Carotene, Golden Rice is widely claimed to have solved the problem of Vitamin A deficiencies in Children in underdeveloped countries. Golden Rice was the first of a new generation of GM Foods engineered to be healthier than their traditional cousins. To counter the risk of the new crops intermixing and contaminating those of the natural world, new regulations were put in place that required them to be grown in isolated areas. Agribusiness managed to capitalize on this with the creation of vertical farms in major cities, limiting the cost of exporting their goods, and containing them in a sealed environment. As of 2160, GM Plants account for 70% of the world's produce intake.

Genetically modified beef, poultry, and fish faced far tougher bio-ethics restrictions during their initial development, and for many years following the reforms of the late 2020s, remained tightly controlled by government regulators. It was on Mars where GMO livestock research grew virtually unchecked. The Famine of 2027 pushed regulators to loosen restrictions on genetically modified fish species. Strains of Tuna, salmon, and carp and tillapia were bred to thrive in the more desalinated oceans, but international fishing laws restricted them to fish farms and mobile fish pens, and further regulations placed demands on suicide genes to prevent them from breeding in the wild. During the Refreeze and rewilding projects of the late 21st and early 22nd century, these restrictions were removed and genetically modified/cloned species of fish were re-introduced into the wild. Beef and dairy cattle restrictions were loosened as well, however vat-grown meat had gained popularity as an inexpensive alternative to farmed meat.

Perhaps the greatest impact of the Genetic Engineering in livestock was the New Domestication movement of the 2030s. Genetically modified Bison, venison, and elk were introduced for farms with reduced adrenal glands, making them easier to corral. Cloned populations of Mammoth, Moa, and Dodo were created for exotic meat as well.

During the leadup to the Mars colonization program, Lunar Energy Ltd. contracted a number of research labs to develop and test genetically modified bacteria in lunar caverns for localized terraforming. Early strains of genetically modified Vostok bacteria were used to break down rock, bioleach atmospheric compounds and soil nutrients to produce a soil-base and buffer atmosphere. Additional research for genetically modified flora produced some of the first complex genetic hybrids, primarily strains including the growth pattern of English Ivy, which took advantage of the low gravity and large walls of the Moon's subsurface caves. The isolated habitats of the Lunar caverns also let terraforming techniques be refined before proceeding to Mars. On Mars more advanced strains were introduced to take advantage of the higher levels of surface radiation, salt and iron rich regolith, and cold surface temperatures. All these initial strains were bred with faulty metabolisms, designed to encourage rapid growth and reproduction, and therefore spread across the planet with relative ease. Later strains of algae, mosses, and lichens were introduced to build up this soil base and process the CO2 rich atmosphere into breathable air. For Mars, any organism introduced had to take advantage of the high concentration of salt and iron in the soil, a process largely achieved by inserting and modifying genes from plants typical of alkali rich soils on Earth. Additional modifications to the pigment of leaves to take advantage of the reduced light from the Sun were typical on Mars.

While phosphorescent fish were popular novelty pets in the 2000s and 2010s, it wasn't until the 2020s that GM Pets really came into high demand. Originally some animals were bred using artificial selection to produce tameness, as was the case with the Siberian Fox, however this took decades. Genetic modification sped up the process and gave greater control over desired qualities.

The first GM pet to gain widespread popularity, Genetically Stunted Animals or "Cubs," pets modified to stay in their juvenile stage, were introduced in 2024. These modifications made it possible to domesticate many animals previously too wild to keep in captivity. Breeders and kennel clubs initially opposed the use of genetic engineering in dogs as it threatened to destroy their industry by creating countless microbreeds. However, after California passed restrictions against purebreeding (which had led to a generation of inbred and unhealthy dogs being sold at over-inflated prices), several kennel club owners began creating companies to offer designer breeds that were not subject to the same restrictions as purebreds, and did not suffer the same health problems. Dog and cat breeds created in the 2020s and 2030s were noted for being far healthier than their natural counterparts and were generally held much longer lifespans and heightened intelligence to natural pets. By the 2040s, most pets could live almost as long as their owners, and held a similar position in family hierarchies as children in the Agrarian Age.

By mid-century GM seals, foxes, big cats, bears, wolves, and birds of prey had become the most popular GM pets on the market, and sterility modifications kept them from contaminating the biosphere or diluting the global pet market. New organisms introduced in the 2050s and 60s were recognized as completely separate species and featured several unique modifiers to their physiology, including unusual pigment and fur patterns, changes in size, and an increased ability to sense the mood and commands of humans.

Genetic engineering in humans was originally developed to screen for genetic deficiencies and hereditary diseases, and for much of its history was afforded only to the super rich. New genome manipulation technologies developed in the 2010s eventually made these treatments available for a larger portion of the population, and offered peace of mind to many parents with family illnesses. Under the healthcare reforms of the Price administration, these treatments were covered under Medicare as low birthrates reduced any serious burden they would impose on the treasury. For the first half of the 21st Century, genetic engineering in humans was conducted primarily through in vitro modification. By Biotech Boom of the 2040, it was estimated that 45% of births, the fetus was selected for beneficial health traits, basic appearance, sex, and even factors influencing sexual orientation.

Following WWIII, genetic modification for humans became increasingly popular among the youth as military research into human augmentation began to transfer into the public market. Athletes, the elderly, and the infirm were the first to receive these modifications. Cosmetic modifications became very popular among the youth, who incorporated animal traits into their genomes to alter their appearances. Several companies were established to provide modifications to sex organs, pheromone production and reception organs to improve their physical attraction between individuals. These technologies spawned a new culture war between members of the Flood Generation and the Made Generation. Socially conservative bio-ethics laws were put in place to limit access to cosmetic genetic enhancements. Some states saw mass migrations of young people escaping extremely severe laws, like California's Human Preservation Act or New Mexico's Heritage Act.

By the 2070s human augmentation became more socially acceptable, but legal restrictions against genetic modifications to minors remained in place. Common augmentations were purely decorative while others served specific functions, and were largely derived from existing genetic code in plants and animals. These included tails, skin patterns, fur patches (some as simple as adding color and patterns to existing hair patches) and augmentations that emulated the look and function of animals (eyes, claws, padded feet, reproductive organs, etc.). This spawned what some have called "Genetic Fashion" movements and the birth of "Body Shops," for inexpensive modifications which contributed to new subcultures. The largest of the 2070s genetic subcultures were the Furries, who advocated extensive animal augmentations, in some cases to the point where subcultures became sub-species of humanity.

By the early 22nd Century animal modifications had decidedly fallen out of fashion in favor of less flashy custom augmentations that found a larger audience than the counterculture augmentations. Atypical hair color, skin color patterns, bone structures, and in some circles modifications derived from alien lifeforms became more popular.

Early full-prosthetic bodies were largely bionic in composition, but as genetic engineering of stem-cells developed throughout the 2030s, artificial bodies began to include more biomass, mainly skin and guts. Genetically engineered organs and tissue entered service in specialty bodies available to the military and spacers. By 2040 artificial bodies incorporated a blending of bionic and biologic material in their construction, proving the feasibility of genetically modified organs in humans. During WWIII artificial body technology grew by leaps and bounds, to the point where it was possible to grow a full body from genetically modified tissue.

Artificial bodies have been a common practice for individuals who's original bodies are severely damaged or degraded due to biological aging, however since the 2090s, they are also issued in the military for all new recruits. Mil-spec bodies include advanced augmentations for combat and field duties, and were originally developed exclusively for the space force.

The 2050s saw the first cosmetic genetic modifications gain popularity among the youth despite social conservative backlash. By the 2070s cosmetic augmentations became a relatively common practice across generations and age groups, and has carried forward to today as a practice to enhance the distinctiveness of subcultures, improve physical beauty, and reduce signs of aging. Body Shops are the most common centers for cosmetic modifications, however most governments restrict the degree of modifications they are able to perform to limited modifications to existing appendages, effect skin and eye coloration, and the presence of hair/fur/hide. More advanced cosmetic augmentations are typically administered at Cosmetic Augmentation Centers, which require special licencing in most areas, and cater more to specialized clients, often associated with major subcultures. Federal law requires that any fetus conceived between parents with augmentations must remain essentially human, and cannot receive augmentations until they reach biological maturity. However, this law has largely been ignored by various subspecies of humanity that have emerged as a result.

Human cloning was largely outlawed worldwide until mid-Century. In the lead up to WWIII the US and Japan began relaxing certain policies toward human cloning to enable more rapid innovations in biotech (mostly to create replacement limbs and such). Vat grown bodies are just a form of human cloning after all. But the actual technique of taking a human and making a full genetic copy, brain and all, wasn't legalized until after the war. First in Japan, then South Korea, then Germany, then Russia; all in a space of about 10 years legalized human cloning to try and at least delay their population problems.The way they saw it, it was just a more efficient form of creating designer babies (clones are seldom direct copies, they usually turn off some faulty genes and turn on useful ones). In the US human cloning was made legal after the US supreme court ruled that since it qualified as a form of reproduction, the US government had no right to ban it, keeping with the legal precedent set by Roe v. Wade. It was only brought up because a woman in Maine had used the techniques to create designer babies to clone herself by using her eggs and creating sperm cells from her stem cells, which was a common practice for same sex couples at the time.

Once it was legal in the US, several families tried to have kids who were clones of famous dead people (and famous not-so dead people). The genomes of several major historical figures had been sequenced by this point, and were free for any and all to see, so DNA sythesizers could make it possible for anyone to clone a lot of people. Basically, within 9 months of it being legal, there were numerous clones JFKs, FDRs, George Washingtons, Albert Einsteins, and Madonnas. There were persistant rumors that Adolf Hitler was also cloned from Neo-nazi groups around the globe, leading to the first laws banning the cloning of certain individuals (primarily those who hold a criminal record).

A number of children whose genetic material was largely extracted from historical figures went on to have very similar careers to their genetic parents, however the ratio was roughly the same as the general population. Most parents gave their cloned children the first name of their genetic doner. Current examples include:

It can also be noted that the number of orders for clones would experience a spike of high demand upon the death of a celebrity. Former US President Lionel Halvidar, for example, held the highest record of 28 million orders shortly after his death by the end of 2160 alone.

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Genetic Engineering | Second Renaissance Wikia | FANDOM ...

In the old days, parents would wait to see and check what gender their baby is going to be. However, in today's era, people already know beforehand through ultrasound and whatnot. In addition, people have even discovered means of literally "creating" a child! They can choose what their baby is going to look like; that would diminish the feeling of surprise and joy, especially to the mother, when they see their baby come out and into this world.

I don't think genetic engineering is very good because it's sorta cheeky and is against the word of my God Buddha and Allah. It is bad and wrecks the genetic distrubutor modifiers and deoxy ribonucleic acid modifiers so isn't very good. My mom says that science is bad too so you shouldn't listen to the pros. Someday I will be President of Canada so listen hard

Today I am here not only brighten your view of this topic but to expose you to a different perspective. Gene modification is highly unethical to the environment and to our society today. It brings me great sadness to see that people debate about this topic since it seems clear to me that the knowledge given to us from God should be used to address the purpose of life, rather than perfecting the physical state of society. No human can ever be flawless that's just something we have to learn to accept. Our life expectancy cannot exceed a certain number of years. We should rely on God's will.

No one has the right to manipulate the creation of the ALMIGHTY.This has to be strictly prohibited as it can affect the religious status of different religions.So there should not be any discrimination among the society as it helps them build a better individuality.It helps in keeping the individuality intact

An important thing that happened in 1999 was that a series of surprising experiments were released in Britainexperiments that the industry had spent six months trying to suppress. They showed that laboratory rats that were fed genetically engineered potatoes had severe problems with their digestive tracts, immune responses, and the development of nearly all their vital organs. Their brains, hearts, livers, spleens, etc. were all significantly reduced in size, and many of the endocrine glands were enlarged. Some of this data was published in the prestigious British medical journal, The Lancet, but the lead scientist was fired and the research was never finished. The suggestion is that much more extreme health effects are possible, but the industry has a huge vested interest in seeing to it that we dont ever know for sure.

Let's talk about food. The Monsanto company (for example) is not looking to benefit us. They are only digging in our wallets by patenting their gmo crops. Remember the incident where their seeds blew into other farmer's crops and contaminated them? Those innocent people were forced to destroy their hard-earned seeds because they supposedly belonged to Monsanto. They are also looking at "terminato?" Crops where the seeds they produce will be infertile (so seeds would have to be bought by the company every single year). Now imagine that spreading and contaminating our crops. So many more reasons why gmo is bad but not enough space.

Parents should not want to genetically engineer their babies, it is wrong on so many levels. They should love their kids the way they are and stop trying to change them to make them "perfect", and with genetic engineering comes many possible birth defects so they really shouldn't do that to their babies.

I am really leaning toward no I would first have to ask, when having this HGE therapy is there an increased risk and/or incidence of miscarriage, intrauterine fetal death, or stillbirth? Also, are there any known complications of the pregnancy that can be related to these HGE therapies? At this point I am looking into the HGE to treat genetic diseases in the fetus. Now this type of HGE is understandable. You might even say it is medically necessary, which is why most medical insurance companies will probably cover it, so I think HGE for this purpose is probably ok. But as far as HGE for "enhancement" goes, I don't think that is right. I am not sure what the procedure is or how often it does or does not cause a miscarriage, but there is that to consider. Also getting all these "enhancements" for our babies will cost quite a lot and only the elite will be able to afford it. This type of HGE is NOT medically necessary so most medical insurance companies will not cover it. I read that this means only approx. 10% of the population will be able to get these "enhancements" for their children. So what happens then? This 10% gets to be in some way superior to the kids whose parents couldn't afford the HGE so they were born all natural? By the way, what comes next? I mean are the scientists gonna go all 'Spiderman' on us? Or try to make some of the characters from the X-men?

Genetic engineering, is not natural, we have no idea of the harm that could come to us in the future. Once we start, who decides when enough it enough? It is interfering with nature and not for the better. We have survived this long without it and have thrived, the human race is not suffering, we are doing just the opposite. Genetic engineering is not needed to advance the human race.

Genetic Engineering does not seem ethical or natural. Fixing the DNA for something for our benefit is not right. We may be benefiting from the modified genes, but it is not natural and is fixed. With genetic manipulation, there will be an imbalance in nature. For an example, if we were to genetically manipulate humans so that they are resistant to diseases, it could off set nature. Diseases are meant to control the population, so that the human race does not grow too much and use up all of earths resources. Even if a human is genetically modified, it does not mean that they are perfect. By definition, perfect means that the human will have no flaws and will have the required elements or characteristics. But if the genetic manipulation changes all of these things to make a perfect human, than that person no longer has their own identity. Also, we will never be able to live forever and will only live for a certain number of years, since our body will break down and die. Even with genes fixed, it seems impossible.

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Is genetic engineering ethical? | Debate.org

Today, Genetic Engineering is one of the top career choices made by students in engineering courses.

What is Genetic Engineering?

Genetic Engineering is also referred as genetic modification. It is a process of manually adding new DNA to a living organism through artificial methods.

Genetic Engineering is a method of physically removing a gene from one organism and inserting it to another and giving it the ability to express the qualities given by that gene.

Some examples of genetic engineering are Faster-growing trees, Bigger, longer-lasting tomatoes, Glow in the dark cats, Golden rice, Plants that fight pollution, banana vaccine, etc.

Genetic Engineering is that field which is related to genes & DNA. Genetic engineering is used by scientists to improve or modify the traits of an individual organism.

Want to know more about it?

An organism which is generated by applying genetic engineering is called as genetically modified organism (GMO). The first GMO were Bacteria generated in 1973 and GM mice in 1974.

The techniques of genetic engineering have been applied in various fields such as research, agriculture, industrial biotechnology, and medicine. Genetic engineering focuses on biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and medical genetics.

The term genetic engineering was firstly used by Jack Williamson in Dragons Island a science fiction novel. In 1973 Paul Berg father of genetic engineering invents a method of joining DNA from two different organisms.

Genetic engineering is used in medicine, research, industry and agriculture and can also be used on a wide range of plants, animals and micro organisms.

Medicine Genetic engineering in the field of medicine is used in manufacturing drugs. The concepts of genetic engineering have been applied in doing laboratory research and in gene therapy.

Agriculture In Agriculture, genetic engineering is used to create genetically modified crops or genetically modified organisms in order to produce genetically modified foods.

Research Scientists uses the genetic engineering in their various researches. Genes from various organisms are converted into bacteria for storage and modification, creating genetically modified bacteria.

What are the courses in this field?

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Courses After 12th Science

Genetic engineering is a specialization of biotechnology. It can also be studied as a separate specialization. There are many undergraduate and postgraduate courses available in this field. Some most sought courses opted by students for genetic engineering are listed below:

Bachelor Courses:

Master Courses:

Here, we are mentioning some specializations available in genetic engineering. These are as follows:

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Courses After 12th

For admission in UG courses, students must have passed 12th Science exam. In India, most of the colleges give admission on the basis of ranks secured in JEE Main 2019. Joint Entrance Examination Main (JEE Main) is usually conducted in the month of April. Some institutions also provides admission on merit basis. For IITs, it is necessary for students to qualify JEE Advanced 2019after clearing JEE Main.

For admission in PG courses, students should hold a bachelor degree in genetic engineering from any recognized university. Mostly GATE 2019score card will be considered for admission in pg courses. On the basis of GATE scores, candidates can apply for admission in Master of Engineering/ Master of Technology courses.

Top colleges which offers various courses in genetic engineering:

Today, demand for genetic engineers is rising in India as well as abroad.

After pursuing courses in genetic engineering, you can work in medical and pharmaceutical industries, research and development departments, agricultural sector, genetic engineering firms, chemical companies, etc. A genetic engineer can work in both private and public sectors.

Genetic engineering graduates are required in government as well as private organizations.

There is a great growth of genetic engineering in India as well as in abroad. With the increasing number of biotech firms in India, the future scope in genetic engineering is good.

The graduates of this field can also opt teaching as a career. Numerous colleges are introducing genetic engineering course in their colleges and for that they recruit professionals of this field.

To become a genetic engineering research scientist, you need a doctoral degree in a biological science. The genetic engineering research scientist can become project leaders or administrators of entire research programs.

Responsibilities of a genetic engineer:

The National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi

The Centre for DNA Fingerprint and Diagnostics, Hyderabad

The Institute of Genomic and Integrative Biology, Delhi

Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development Centre, Chandigarh

How much salary should I expect as a genetic engineering?

Salary packages of a genetic engineer are based on qualification, experience, working area, etc. You can get a handsome salary package after gaining the sufficient experience in this field.

The average salary of a well-qualified genetic engineer is Rs. 20,000 to 35,000 per month. They can earn more in the private sector as compared to the public sector.

Which are the best books for genetic Engineering?

Here we have listed some books which will help you throughout your studies:

For any queries regarding Genetic Engineering, you may leave your comments below.

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Genetic Engineering: Career Scope, Courses & Job Scenario

For some, simply earning a good salary and enjoying strong job stability isnt enough to satisfy. Working in a field that allows them to have a major impact on the future of our species is something that is just as important as a paycheck. If this sounds like you, one option you may want to consider for your career is to become a genetic engineer.

While it isnt specifically a health oriented career like nursing would be, genetic engineering will have a big impact on the health and wellbeing of the planet. As such, the process to become one of these highly trained specialists involves hard work and dedication. Its not a perfect job for everyone, but for many it could be a dream career. Keep reading to learn more about the job and what it involves.

What Is a Genetic Engineer?

Genetic engineers are highly trained experts who use a variety of molecular tools and technologies to rearrange fragments of DNA. The overall goal in doing so is to add or remove an organisms genetic makeup for the better, or to transfer DNA code from one species into the other. The overall goal of this is to enhance organisms so that they are better able to thrive in certain environments. An example is when a plant is modified to thrive better in drought conditions or when a bacteria is adapted in such a way that it helps improve drug treatment.

Common job duties include:

The job involves a lot of things, and usually you will specialize in a very niche area of genetic science so that your attention is solely focused on that area throughout your career.

Characteristics

As with any other job, possessing a few personal skills will have a big impact on your ability to excel in the position. Here are some of the areas youll need to be strong in.

Nature of the Work

Genetic engineers rarely work outside a laboratory setting. The vast majority of the work is done in a lab, while some minor office work such as drafting reports and writing papers for publication may be handled at times.

Usually, genetic engineers work for private companies. Pharmaceutical companies, research organizations, and even some hospitals or universities will often hire these professionals. Some government level jobs exist as well, and those who enter this field of work will usually have options when deciding where to focus their skills.

Education and Training

To become a genetic engineer, the bare minimum education requirement will be a bachelors degree in biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, or molecular genetics. However, in most cases it will be much more beneficial to have a masters or doctorate level degree in molecular genetics or molecular biology instead. Undergraduate degrees may provide an initial entry point into the field, but holding a PhD is the primary path used to enter the field and conduct your own work.

Additionally, experience of at least 3 years in the field under the direct guidance of a supervisor will also be used to help gain employment. Obviously, different employers will have their own specific requirements but the points above make a good example of what youll need to enter the field.

Salaries vary greatly, and generally run from $45,000 up to about $140,000. The average salary is about $82,800 annually. Again, your experience, your specific employer, and a variety of other things will have a big influence on your overall pay.

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Genetic Engineer | Careers In Public Health

The 14th Annual Personalized Medicine Conference: Preparing for the New Possible will convene the worlds leading researchers, investors, industry executives, policy experts, payers, clinicians, and patient advocates to define the landscape and outlook for personalized medicine in science, business, and policy. Participants will examine the infrastructure and business strategies necessary to overcome scientific obstacles, optimize public policies, and change embedded medical norms as we seek to accelerate investment in and adoption of personalized medicine.

Featured Speakers

Amy P. Abernethy, M.D., Ph.D.

Chief Medical Officer, Chief Scientific Officer

Flatiron Health

Donna R. Cryer, J.D.

President, CEO

Global Liver Institute

Luba Greenwood, J.D.

Strategic Business Development and Corporate Ventures

Verily, an Alphabet Company

David King, J.D.

Chairman, CEO

LabCorp

Daniel P. ODay, M.B.A.

Chief Executive Officer

Roche Pharmaceuticals

Ellen V. Sigal, Ph.D.

Chairperson, Founder

Friends of Cancer Research

Ralph Snyderman, M.D.

James B. Duke Professor of Medicine

Duke University

Keith Stewart, M.B., Ch.B.

Carlson and Nelson Endowed Director, Center for Individualized Medicine

Mayo Clinic

Liisa-Maria Voipio-Pulkki, M.D., Ph.D.

Director General, Chief Medical Officer, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health

Finland

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14th Annual Personalized Medicine Conference November 14 ...

Introduction

During the natural aging process of the human body, several organs and tissues undergo a large anabolic phase (during the first 3 decades of life) and they soon develop into a catabolic phase, which is slower and irreversible (from the 4th to the final decades of life).In the anabolic phase the skin is shiny, silky, has elasticity and a large turgor. There is a large volume of toned muscular mass.The catabolic phase starts in the fourth decade of life and acceleratesin many cases during the seventh decade . In this phase there is an absence of skin sheen and the appearance of wrinkles and senile spots (the dernal layer also starts to show signs of weakness, and this occurs because of the decrease of the proteins that make up the skins elastic system, such as collagen and glycosaminoglycan / GAG).Muscular mass loses its volume and tone progressively, causing the body to show visible signs of aging. Probably a high protein diet may be responsible for the final quality of our organs and tissues during the anabolic phase causing the body to be more resistant and durable. This high protein diet, when applied during the catabolic phase, can maintain a better skin quality and improved muscular mass.During the past 10 years, we have endeavored to understand the consequences of the different intrinsicand extrinsic processes that alter the harmony of the movements of the muscles of the lower third of the face.

The outline of the mouth is made from a complex muscular system, where the

muscle of the mouth actively links with the

muscles that tighten the angle of the mouth sideways,

acts in a secondary fashion in this muscular complex. One can easily see, by way of a systematic evaluation of these muscles, (movements such as :whistling, smiling, making a sad face, and pulling a face as if having a bitter taste in the mouth) .Each patient can present important asymmetrical and accented depressions, caused by the exaggerated contraction of some of these muscles.

Till today,these facial defects have been treated with facial implants (fillers) and some serious cases have been even treated using classical surgical procedures : Fillers as surgery didn t revolve the problems !

Our proposal is to demonstrate that, by way of a selective intramuscular injection, of an oily patented solution containing a mixture of Carbolic Acid with Peanut Oil Acid using endopeel technology created by inventors Dr.Alain Tenenbaum ( facial plastic surgeon) and Mauro Tiziani ( molecular biologist) , it is possible to decrease the force of one or more muscles, that are working harder and in disharmony with the other muscles in the complex muscular system around the mouth.

We believe that the mechanism that is developed, after the injection of the ,,Endopeel,, oily solution, is a selective pointed chemical reversible myolysis, limited within the injected area of the muscular mass. With preliminary tissue studies, we can see that this myolysis is totally reversible after 7 months.

We have acquired experience from more than 1000 clinical cases over the past 8 years. The majority of these patients were re-treated in the same muscles that were treated earlier. The average re-treatment period was 4-6 months, and usually, smaller doses of the patented oily solution were injected, due to the hyperfunction of the muscles movements being attenuated. The average dose per injection is about 0.05 ml and the distance between each point is approximatively 1.0 centimeter.

We found that this treatment is very efficacious as long as there is a clear and precise evaluation of the above mentioned muscle system.

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Endopeel Portal Main Website : Lifting,Tightening & Tissue ...

Genetics & Molecular Biology Journal is an international scholarly, peer reviewed journal presenting original research contributions and scientific advances related to the field of genes, genetic variation and macromolecules. Molecular biology is the study of development, structure and function of macromolecules vital for life. It deals with the molecular basis of biological activity and overlays genetics and biochemistry.

The journal Scope Encompasses structure & functional studies of bio molecular, Cell Biology, Microbial genetics, Biological Molecules, molecular immunology, genetics, genetic disorders, cellular biology and molecular research. It also includes biochemical and molecular influence on genetic material. Genetics & Molecular Biology broadly covers the domains of life, plants, animals, microorganism and human.

The journal accepts manuscripts in the form of original research article, review article, short communication, case report, letter-to-the-Editor and Editorials for publication in an open access platform.

The Journal is using Editor Manager System for easy online tracking and managing of the manuscript processing.

Submit manuscript atwww.editorialmanager.com/imedpub/or send as an e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at[emailprotected]

Cell biologyis a branch of biology that studies cells their physiological properties, their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with their environment, their life cycle, division, death and cell function. Research in cell biology is closely related to genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, and developmental biology.

Related Journals of Cell BiologyCell Science & Therapy, Cell & Developmental Biology, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Cell Biology: Research & Therapy, Molecular Biology, Genes to Cells, Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, Biology of the Cell, Developmental Cell, Developmental Cell, Eukaryotic Cell, European Cells and Materials

Gene technology is defined as the term which include a range of activities concerned with understanding of gene expression, advantages of natural genetic variation, modifying genes and transferring genes to new hosts. Genes are found in all living organisms and are transferred from one generation to the next.Gene technology encompasses several techniques including marker-assisted breeding, RNAi and genetic modification. Only some gene technologies produce genetically modified organisms. We use the most appropriate technique, or combination of techniques, to achieve the desired goal.

Related Journal of Gene Technology

Gene Technology, Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Human Genetics & Embryology, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Biochemica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Structure and Expression, Gene Therapy Press, Conservation Genetics, Clinical Epigenetics, Genes, Current Genetics, Gene Expression.

Bioinformatics is the application of computer technology to the management of biological information. Computers are used to gather, store, analyze and integrate biological and genetic information which can then be applied to gene-based drug discovery and development. Bioinformatics tools aid in the comparison of genetic and genomic data and more generally in the understanding of evolutionary aspects of molecular biology. At a more integrative level, it helps analyze and catalogue the biological pathways and networks that are an important part of systems biology. In structural biology, it aids in the simulation and modeling of DNA, RNA, and protein structures as well as molecular interactions.

Related Journalsof Bioinformatics

Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics, Proteins: Structure, Function and Genetics, BMC Bioinformatics, Briefings in Bioinformatics, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics

Comparative genomics It is an exciting new field of biological research in which the genome sequences of different species - human, mouse and a wide variety of other organisms from yeast to chimpanzees are compared.

Related Journals of Comparative genomics

Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, International Journal of Biomedical Data Mining, Journal of Pharmacogenomics & Pharmacoproteomics, Functional & Integrative Genomics, Microbiome, Evolutionary and Genomic Microbiology, Genomics and Comparative Genomics, Journal of Virology, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics, BMC Genomics, Comparative and Functional Genomics, Current Bioinformatics

Genetic mutation is a permanent change in the DNA.Mutations may or may not produce changes in the organism.Hereditary mutations and Somatic mutations are the two types of Gene mutations.Former type is inherited from the parents and are present in every cell of the human body whereas latter type may occur at some point of life time due to environmental factors..

Related Journals of Genetic MutationsGenetic Medicine, Genetic Engineering, Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, European Journal of Human Genetics, Genetics in Medicine, Human Mutation, Human Molecular Genetics, Genetic mutations Journals, Journal of Genetic Counseling, Genetic Journals, Genetic Disorder Articles, Journal of Genetic Mutation Disorders.

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are usually proteins which functions as enzymes, hormones and receptors. Genes which do not code for proteins such as ribosomal RNA or transfer RNA code for functional RNA products. Gene expression is the process by which the genetic code the nucleotide sequence of a gene is used to direct protein synthesis and produce the structures of the cell. Genes that code for amino acid sequences are called as structural genes.

Related Journals of Gene Expression

Gene Technology, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Journal of Data Mining in Genomics & Proteomics,Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Transcriptomics: Open Access, Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Patterns, Brain research, Gene expression patterns, Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression.

Molecular cloning is a set of techniques used to insert recombinant DNA from a prokaryotic or eukaryotic source into a replicating vehicle such as plasmids or viral vectors. Cloning refers to making numerous copies of a DNA fragment of interest, such as a gene.

Related Journals of Molecular cloning

Gene Technology, Cloning & Transgenesis, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Journal of Data Mining in Genomics & Proteomics, Transcriptomics: Open Access, Stem Cells and Cloning Advances and Applications, Clinical Genetics, Clinical Genetics, Forensic Science International: Genetics, Advances in Genetics.

Molecular genetics is a branch of genetics and molecular biology that deals with the structure and function of genes at a cellular and molecular level. One of the main achievements of molecular genetics is that now one can have the clarity about the chemical nature of the gene. Molecular genetics is concerned with the arrangement of genes on DNA molecule, the replication of DNA, the transcription of DNA into RNA, and the translation of RNA into proteins. Gene amplification, separation and detection, and expression are some of the general techniques used for molecular genetics.

Related Journals of Molecular Genetics

Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Tissue Science & Engineering, Cell Biology: Research & Therapy, Advances in Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, Cloning & Transgenesis, Journal of Molecular Biology: Open Access , Molecular Cell, Genetics and Molecular Biology, BMC Molecular Biology, Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology, Molecular Biology of the Cell

It is the branch that explores the relationship between the immune system and genetics. The term immunogenetics is based on two words immunology and genetics. Immunology deals with the biological and biochemical basis for the body's defense against germs such as bacteria, virus and mycosis.

Related Journals of Immunogenetics

Immunogenetics: Open Access, Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals, Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, Journal of Data Mining in Genomics & Proteomics, Immunogenetics, International Journal of Immunogenetics, Immunology and Immunogenetics Insights, International Journal of Immunogenetics.

Evolutionary Genetics is the study of how genetic variations leads to evolutionary changes. It includes evolution of genome structure, genetic change in response to selection within populations, and the genetic basis of speciation and adaptation

Related Journals of Evolutionary Genetics

Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Phylogenetics & Evolutionary Biology, Genetic Disorders & Genetic Reports, Cell & Developmental Biology, Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Evolutionary Computation, Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, Genetic Counseling, Genetic Epidemiology.

The methods used to identify the locus of a gene and the distances betweengenes.

Related Journal of Gene Technology

Gene Technology, Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Human Genetics & Embryology, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Biochemica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Structure and Expression, Gene Therapy Press, Conservation Genetics, Clinical Epigenetics, Genes, Current Genetics, Gene Expression.

Cloning is defined as the processes used to create copies of DNA fragments, cells or organisms. Cloning is commonly used to amplify DNA fragments containing whole genes, but it can also be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequences and randomly fragmented DNA. It is widely used technique of biological experiments and practical applications including genetic fingerprinting to large scale protein production.

Related Journals of Cloning

Gene Technology, Cloning & Transgenesis, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Journal of Data Mining in Genomics & Proteomics, Transcriptomics: Open Access, Stem Cells and Cloning Advances and Applications, Clinical Genetics, Clinical Genetics, Forensic Science International: Genetics, Advances in Genetics.

Gene Sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four basesadenine, guanine, cytosine, and thyminein a strand of DNA.

Related Journal of Gene Technology

Gene Technology, Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Human Genetics & Embryology, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Biochemica et Biophysica Acta - Gene Structure and Expression, Gene Therapy Press, Conservation Genetics, Clinical Epigenetics, Genes, Current Genetics, Gene Expression.

Genetic Engineering is a technique of controlled manipulation of genes to change the genetic makeup of cells and move genes across species boundaries to produce novel organisms.

Related journals of Ethics in genetic engineering

Current Synthetic and Systems Biology, Gene Technology, Genetic Disorders & Genetic Reports Hybrid, Advances in Genetics, BMC Medical Genetics, BMC Genetics, Conservation Genetics, Epigenetics, Infection, Genetics and Evolution, Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, Neurogenetics, Psychiatric Genetics.

Molecular Medicine strives to promote the understanding of normal body functioning and disease pathogenesis at the molecular level, and to allow researchers and physician-scientists to use that knowledge in the design of specific tools for disease diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention.

Related Journals for Molecular Medicine

Biomedicine Journals, Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal of Biomedical Research, Translational Biomedicine Journal, Aperito International Journal of Biomedicine, Asian Biomedicine Systems Biomedicine, Biomedical Journal, Biomedicine International Journal, Biomedicine Journal

Molecular biology is the study of biology at the molecular level. The field overlaps with other areas of biology and chemistry, particularly genetics and biochemistry. Cell biology studies the properties of cells including their physiological properties, their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with their environment, their life cycle, division and death. Molecular and cellular biology are interrelated, since most of the properties and functions of a cell can be described at the molecular level. Molecular and cellular biology encompass many biological fields including: biotechnology, developmental biology, physiology, genetics and microbiology.

Related Journals of Molecular Cell Biology

Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal of Cell Biology, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Nature Cell Biology, Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Trends in Cell Biology.

The process by which amino acids are linearly arranged into proteins through the involvement of ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, messenger RNA, and various enzymes.

Related Journals of Protein Interaction

Cell & Developmental Biology, Advancements in Genetic Engineering, Protein Interaction Viewer, Molecular cloning & genetic recombination, Current Synthetic and Systems Biology, Genome Biology, Protein Journal.

Chromosomes andGene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are usually proteins which functions as enzymes, hormones and receptors. Genes which do not code for proteins such as ribosomal RNA or transfer RNA code for functional RNA products. Gene expression is the process by which the genetic code the nucleotide sequence of a gene is used to direct protein synthesis and produce the structures of the cell. Genes that code for amino acid sequences are called as structural genes.

Related Journals of Chromosomes and Gene expression

Gene Technology, Journal of Next Generation Sequencing & Applications, Journal of Data Mining in Genomics & Proteomics,Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics, Transcriptomics: Open Access, Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression, Gene Expression, Gene Expression Patterns, Brain research, Gene expression patterns, Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression.

Autoimmune disorders are caused when immune system of the body reacts, against our own body, thus leading to many autoimmune disorders. There are several autoummune disorders they are celiac diseases, diabetes mellitus, graves diseases.

Related Journals of Autoimmune Disorders

Journal of Autoimmune Diseases, Immunome Research, Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology, Journal of Autoimmune Diseases and Rheumatology, Open Journal of Rheumatology and autoimmune Diseases

DNA is a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce. These instructions are found inside every cell, and are passed down from parents to their children. DNA is made up of molecules called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar group and a nitrogen base.

Related journals of Recombinant DNA

Down Syndrome & Chromosome Abnormalities, Fungal Genomics & Biology, Gene Technology, Genetic Disorders & Genetic Reports Hybrid, Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Advances in DNA Sequence-Specific Agents, Artificial DNA: PNA and XNA, DNA Reporter.

A genetic disorder is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome, especially a condition that is present from birth. it occurs as a result of altered gene or by set of genes. Abnormalities can also be small as single base mutation. They can also involve addition or subtraction of entire chromosome. There are four groups of genetic disorders like single gene disorders, chromosome abnormalities, mitochondrial disorders and multifactorial disorders.

Related Journals of Genetic Disorder Human Genetics and Embryology, Cloning and Transgenesis, Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis, Hereditary Genetics: Current Research, Journal of Genetic Mutation Disorders - Annex Publisher, Journal of Genetic Disorders and Genetic Report, Genes and Diseases - Journal - Elsevie, Genetic Disorders - Frontier, Source Journal of Genetic Disorders (SJGD) - Source Journals

One of a group of molecules similar in structure to a single strand of DNA. The function of RNA is to carry the information from DNA in the cell's nucleus into the body of the cell, to use the genetic code to assemble proteins, and to comprise part of the ribosomes that serve as the platform on which protein synthesis takes place.

Related journals of Recombinant DNA

Down Syndrome & Chromosome Abnormalities, Fungal Genomics & Biology, Gene Technology, Genetic Disorders & Genetic Reports Hybrid, Genetic Syndromes & Gene Therapy, Advances in DNA Sequence-Specific Agents, Artificial DNA: PNA and XNA, DNA Reporter.

The passing on of traits from one generation to another generation. Human genetics is the study of inheritance in human beings. Human characteristics are inherited from parents to offspring in discrete unites called genes. Genes consist of specific information coded in the chromosome that consists of segments of chromosomes. Human genetics includes a variety of overlapping fields like classical, molecular, biochemical, population, developmental, clinical and cytogenetics.

Related Journals of Human Genetics

Human Genetics and Embryology, Journal of Cytology & Histology, Hereditary Genetics: Current Research, General Medicine: Open Access, Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Immunogenetics: Open Access, American, Journal of Human Genetics, Annals of Human Genetics, Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, Current Protocols in Human Genetics, European Journal of Human Genetics, Human Genetics, Twin Research and Human Genetics, International Journal of Human Genetics, Journal of Human Genetics

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Please Note: Although we have supplied links to the research journals above on the use of stem cells for specific conditions, we are not saying that any of these studies would relate to your particular condition, nor that it would even be an effective treatment. OurAutologousStem Cell Therapy is not an FDA approved treatment for any condition. We provide stem cell therapy (less than manipulated) as a service &as a practice of medicine only. Please see theFAQ pagefor more information. Thesejournal articlesare for educational purposes only &are not intended to be used to sell or promote our therapy.

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