StemCell Therapy

Diabetes causes a persons blood sugar levels to become too high, which must be handled carefully to prevent further complications. Unfortunately, the condition doesn't always produce obvious symptoms. Excessive sweating at night, however, could be a sign that high blood sugar has damaged the nerves.

Excessive can both be a sign of low blood sugar levels and blood sugar damage to nerves.

The most common reason for unusual sweating in people with the condition, however, is diabetes-related nervous system damage.

According to the American Diabetes Association, approximately half of people with diabetes experience some level of nerve damage.

When nerve damage occurs, known as autonomic neuropathy, it occasionally affects the sweat glands.

READ MORE:Diabetes: Summer foods that could spike blood sugar

High blood sugar and high levels of fat, such as triglycerides, can damage the nerves or the blood vessels that nourish the nerves.

This may produce several different symptoms depending on which of the bodys functions are affected.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases says: Damage to the nerves that control your sweat glands may cause you to sweat a lot at night or while eating.

Your sweat glands may not work at all, or certain parts of your body may sweat while other parts are dry.

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If your sweat glands do not work properly, your body may not be able to control its temperature.

Sometimes nerve damage prevents signals from being sent to different parts of the body, which can result in numbness.

Other types of discomfort may occur, such as sharp pains, cramps, muscle weakness or sensitivity to touch.

Depending on the nerves affected, neuropathy can cause these sensations in the hands, feet, and legs.

READ MORE:Diabetes warning: Do not 'overindulge' in a particular type of fruit

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says: Nerve damage can cause health problems ranging from mild numbness to pain that makes it hard to do normal activities."

There are several steps that can help prevent diabetes, but the most logical starting point is diet.

It is advisable to choose whole grain products over refined grained ones and other highly processed carbohydrates.

This is because refined carbohydrates can increase blood triglycerides, and blood sugar levels and cause insulin resistance, which are major risk factors for diabetes.

There are also many benefits to regular physical activity for blood sugar control, as it can help keep them within a healthy range for up to 48 hours.

Plants, which provide a wealth of vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates, are good energy sources for the body.

Dietary fibre can also slow the absorption of sugars and interfere with the absorption of dietary cholesterol.

These food sources also promote weight loss, which in turn may lower the risk of diabetes.

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Diabetes symptoms: The sign of nerve damage that often strikes at night - severe - Express

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is the seventh-leading cause of death in the United States.

Diabetes is a long-lasting health condition that affects how your body turns food into energy. With diabetes, your body either doesnt make enough insulin or cant use it as well as it should.

Most of the food you eat is broken down into sugar (also called glucose) and released into your bloodstream. When your blood sugar goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin acts like a key to let the blood sugar into your bodys cells for use as energy.

If you have diabetes, your body either doesnt make enough insulin or cant use the insulin it makes as well as it should. When there isnt enough insulin or cells stop responding to insulin, too much blood sugar stays in your bloodstream.

Over time, that can cause serious health problems, such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease.

Types & symptoms

Type 1 diabetes is thought to be caused by an autoimmune reaction (the body attacks itself by mistake) that stops your body from making insulin. Approximately 5-10% of the people who have diabetes have type 1.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes often develop quickly. Its usually diagnosed in children, teens, and young adults. Currently, no one knows how to prevent type 1 diabetes.

People who have type 1 diabetes may also have nausea, vomiting, or stomach pains. Type 1 diabetes symptoms can develop in just a few weeks or months and can be severe.

Type 2 diabetes occurs when your body doesnt use insulin well and cant keep blood sugar at normal levels. About 90-95% of people with diabetes have type 2. It develops over many years and is usually diagnosed in adults; however more children, teens, and young adults are developing type 2 diabetes.

With healthy lifestyle changes, such as eating healthy food, losing weight, and being active Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or delayed.

Some people dont notice any symptoms at all. Because symptoms are hard to spot, its important to know the risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Make sure to visit your doctor if you have any of them.

Gestational diabetes develops in pregnant women who have never had diabetes. If you have gestational diabetes, your baby could be at higher risk for health problems.

Gestational diabetes usually goes away after your baby is born but increases your risk for type 2 diabetes later in life. Your baby is more likely to develop type 2 diabetes later in life too. Gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) usually doesnt have any symptoms.

If youre pregnant, your doctor will test you for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy.

Symptoms & risk factors

Diabetes symptoms may include an increase in thirst, urinating a lot, lose of weight without trying, increased hunger, blurry vision, dry skin, feeling tired, numbness or tingling in your hands or feet, sores or wounds that heal slowly. If you have any of the following diabetes symptoms, see your doctor.

Risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes can include a history of prediabetes, being over the age of 45, overweight, having a parent or sibling with type 2 diabetes, or ever had gestational diabetes, are physically active less than 3 times a week.

There isnt a cure yet for diabetes, but losing weight, eating healthy food, and being active can help. Knowing diabetes risk factors and taking medicine as directed, you can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes with lifestyle changes.

Diabetes self-management education, support, and keeping your health care appointments can reduce the impact of diabetes on your Life! Please see the American Diabetes Association https://www.diabetes.org/, for further information .

Source: Centers for Disease Control Prevention.

Michaella Quallen is with the Clinton County Health District.

Read the rest here:
Diabetes: Symptoms, risks, and prevention - Wilmington News Journal, OH

While most of us are familiar with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, you may not have come across the term type 3 diabetes before. First things first, this is not to be confused with type 3c diabetes, which is something else entirely. It is, however, related to insulin resistance in the brain.

Being diagnosed as insulin resistant generally means that someone is either prebiabetic or has type 2 diabetes. But scientists have proposed that it can also result in the brains neurons lacking glucose, which is needed for proper function, and this can lead to symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.

While type 3 diabetes is not an officially recognised health condition, in 2008 Dr Suzanne de la Monte and Dr Jack Wands of Brown University put forward a proposal that Alzheimers disease could be termed type 3 diabetes due to its strong links with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance may be a leading cause of dementia, as this glucose deficiency in the brain leads to symptoms such as loss of memory, decrease in judgment and reasoning skills.

Type 3 diabetes is not a medically recognised term and is not something doctors use for diagnostic purposes. However, insulin resistance and decreased insulin signaling in the brain may play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Not to mention, the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease is significantly higher in those with type 2 diabetes. As such, the term type 3 diabetes has been colloquially used by some in the field to illustrate these links.

A study in the Lancet journal of Neurology (opens in new tab) links diabetes with declining brain health and indicates that treatments that restore cerebral insulin function may offer therapeutic benefits to those with Alzheimer's disease.

Dr. William H Frey II, an Alzheimer's specialist at the Health Partners Center for Memory and Aging (opens in new tab), also explains that the disease causes cognitive decline in patients. Alzheimer's is a degenerative brain disease that accounts for more than 60% of the cases of dementia, he tells Live Science. It is characterized by memory loss, especially short-term or recent memories, cognitive decline and changes in behavior, all of which get progressively worse over time.

Dr Tariq Mahmood, a doctor and medical director at Concepto Diagnostics (opens in new tab), adds: Type 3 diabetes isnt an officially recognised health condition and isnt used for diagnostic purposes. It differs from type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, which cause blood sugar levels to become too high due to issues with a hormone called insulin. Some scientists hypothesize that insulin dysregulation in the brain causes dementia and use type 3 diabetes as a term to describe Alzheimers disease a progressive neurological condition which is the most common cause of dementia.

Mahmood explains that while type 3 diabetes is not an official diagnosis, doctors can diagnose Alzheimers disease, which affects multiple brain functions gradually over the course of many years. Minor memory problems are usually the first sign, he says. More specific symptoms can include confusion, difficulty planning, disorientation, getting lost and personality changes.

Early to moderate symptoms of Alzeimers include:

These symptoms usually develop to a point that patients cannot swallow, lose bowel control and eventually pass away. Often people with Alzeimers die from aspiration pneumonia. This develops when food or liquids pass into the lungs instead of air due to problems with swallowing, as is stated by the National Institute of Aging (opens in new tab).

Dr Frey tells us that Alzheimers is best diagnosed by a neurologist who is familiar with neurodegenerative memory disorders. Diagnostic procedures may involve taking a complete history, blood tests, brain imaging, neuropsychological testing, etc. to help rule out other disorders that may produce somewhat similar symptoms, he says.

A review on insulin resistance in the Frontiers in Neuroscience (opens in new tab) journal indicates that insulin links multiple conditions together, such as obesity, dementia and diabetes, and recommends the potential use of antidiabetic medication to treat dementia. Additionally, the review explores the link between dementia and a high allostatic load, which is the burden created by stress, life events and other environmental challenges.

Mahmood tells us that while the science is unclear on the specific cause of Alzeimers disease, a combination of factors may be at play. Its widely believed that age-related neurological changes combined with genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors can contribute toward it, he says. Age is the most important known risk factor for Alzheimers disease due to, among other things, atrophy in parts of the brain. Atrophy is the wasting of a muscle, meaning it can shrink, thin or be outright lost.

But Dr Frey explains that general aging is not the only risk factor associated with the development of Alziemers disease. Aging is the major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, but Alzheimer's is not a normal part of aging, he says. Family history of Alzheimer's and genetic changes can also increase the risk, but individuals without a family history of the disease can still get Alzheimer's disease. A history of moderate traumatic brain injury can also significantly increase the risk for developing Alzheimer's disease.

Finally, type 2 diabetes doubles the risk for developing Alzheimer's disease. This is likely due to the fact that in both diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, there is a deficiency of insulin signaling.

He goes on to explain that In Alzheimer's disease, this insulin signaling deficiency occurs in the brain and leads to a loss of brain cell energy. Without sufficient insulin signaling, blood sugar is not taken into brain cells and metabolized normally.

Loss of brain cell energy means that the brain can no longer carry out memory and cognitive functions normally and also can not produce the parts of brain cells needed to replace those that wear out over time leading to degeneration of the brain itself.

Unhealthy lifestyles, including lack of exercise, poor diet and lack of sleep, likely also increase the risk for Alzheimer's disease, he says.

Dr Freys research has been pioneering in the area of insulin resistance and Alzheimer's. In 2022, he released a study in the Pharmaceuticals (opens in new tab) journal indicating that intranasal insulin (insulin administered up the nose) can help with cerebral glucose hypometabolism, which is a characteristic that is commonly found in those with degenerative cognitive disorders, as well as type 2 diabetes.

Because insufficient insulin signaling contributes to loss of brain cell energy in individuals with Alzheimer's disease, [we] first proposed intranasal insulin as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease about 22 years ago, he says. Intranasal insulin delivers and targets insulin to the brain along the nerves involved in smell without altering the blood levels of insulin or blood sugar.

But while clinical trials have shown that non-invasive intranasal insulin increases brain cell energy and improves memory in normal healthy adults, as well as those with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease, it needs further development and testing to sufficiently demonstrate its safety and efficacy before it can be considered for regulatory approval and made available.

Dr Mahmood tells us that while there is regrettably no cure for Alzheimer's disease, treatments for those with the condition are available. There are medicines and treatments that can reduce symptoms on a temporary basis, he says. The two main medicines right now are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, which help nerve cells communicate with each other, and memantine, which blocks the effects of excessive glutamate this is a neurotransmitter released by nerve cells which plays a major role in learning and memory.

For people who begin to show aggression or distress, antipsychotic medicines can also be prescribed. For treatments, cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation therapy can help maintain memory and problem-solving skills.

A review in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease (opens in new tab) indicates meditation may help with the prevention of Alzheimers disease, as it reduces allostatic load, which has been linked to the development of several cognitive disorders. Just 12 minutes of Kirtan Kriya meditation per day was shown to improve sleep, decrease depression, reduce anxiety, down regulate inflammatory genes, upregulate immune system genes, and improve insulin and glucose regulatory genes.

Dr Mahmood tells us that general healthy living is recommended to reduce your risk too, although other risk factors are uncontrollable. Unfortunately, theres no way to prevent Alzheimers disease at the moment, he says. Living a healthy lifestyle might lessen your risk, but age-related neurological changes and genetic factors are impossible to work around. Cardiovascular disease has been linked with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, so eating a balanced diet, making sure you get 150 minutes of exercise per week, limiting alcohol consumption and stopping smoking are all worthwhile.

Our easy Mediterranean diet plan and 7-day plant-based diet meal plan have lots of ideas to help you to eat a more balanced diet.

Dr Frey agrees that general healthy living is a wise course of action in working to avoid Alzheimer's disease. He also recommends protecting your head. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle including regular physical activity, avoiding head injury by wearing your seatbelt while in vehicles and a helmet during sports, consuming a healthy diet and remaining socially active can all help to reduce your risk for Alzheimer's disease, he says.

This article is for informational purposes only and is not meant to offer medical advice.

Original post:
Type 3 diabetes: symptoms, causes and treatments - Livescience.com

Alexandra drops TD1 kits off to a Yonkers school (Photo by Jason Malkin)

An Ardsley teen is working to make life with type 1 diabetes easier on local kids. Alexandra Malkin, a rising senior at Ardsley High School, started T1D Kits for Kids to provide free essential health supplies (along with a few small treats) to elementary-aged children. And people are taking notice she was recently named Hero of the Day by Good Day New York for her work.

Malkin saw firsthand what kind of hardships kids face with juvenile diabetes after her childhood friend was diagnosed with the condition at age 9. As I watched her life change extremely quickly, I began to understand the true impact that diabetes can have on someones life especially at a very young age, she told River Journal.

The experience stayed with her. Malkin decided to focus on diabetes once she was accepted into her schools science research program, a 3-year elective that allows students to dive into specific research areas. After reading various articles on past diabetic studies during the year, I was sure I wanted it to be what I would study for the remainder of my time in the program influencing the two summer research projects I have been a part of involving diabetes.

While immersing herself in the science, Malkin also discovered that the high costs associated with type 1 diabetes can be especially detrimental to children. More recently, I found out from a friend that their cousin who works at an elementary school in Michigan has seen a lot of diabetic students who arent able to afford the basic diabetic technology, she said. As I looked into this issue more, I noticed extremely high prices of diabetic kits sold by large diabetes companies more than any underprivileged family could afford.

This sparked the idea to provide children with the devices and medical supplies needed for free. Her kits include glucose monitors, lancets, Band-Aids, batteries, and glucose tabs, basic and necessary tools to stay healthy throughout the day. While those items will make many parents happy, Malkin doesnt forget her main focus: kids with juvenile diabetes. She tucks a few treats inside each basket to make them smile. I also wanted to address the desire for comfort from young type-1 diabetics by including teddy bears, sugar-free candy, and bracelets, pins, that help them embrace their T1D identity.

Since kicking off in January, Malkin has donated batches of kits to three different elementary schools, where she works with nurses to identify those who would benefit from them most. The greatest amount of newly-diagnosed type 1 diabetics usually are found within that age group (kindergarten 4th grade), she noted. The kits have been specialized to appeal to this

age group as well. Shes working to keep relationships with the schools, and has been sent photos of the recipients holding the kits and smiling ear-to-ear.

Malkin hopes to expand the program outside Westchester in the future and has applied for grants to continue funding and upgrading her kits. And she wants to help connect children with juvenile diabetes through their stories. I also have an idea to create a diabetes advice book that would include advice from experienced type 1 diabetics to help the younger diabetics make a smoother transition and feel like they arent alone.

To help keep the program going, Malkin said sharing her work with others and making a donation would go a long way. The only way to truly make my organization grow is to promote necessary funding and recognition for the work of T1D Kits for Kids and the concept behind it, she said. With these contributions, I can achieve the goals I have for the non-profit and expand my impact to the larger diabetic community.

Visit t1dkitsforkids.org to learn more or to make a donation.

Read more:
Local Teen Brings Smiles and Health Kits to Kids with Diabetes - River Journal Staff

When you are traveling by vehicle to your destination, you should:

Once you reach your destination:

One of the most important aspects of managing Type 2 diabetes is for the patient to test their blood glucose level, usually twice a day. This could be more for some patients, depending on the care plan from their physician.

In an article in Healthline, Lisa Harris, CDE, RN at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago said that many patients with type 2 diabetes would likely benefit from testing more frequently. "Testing your blood sugar can be extremely informative for people when they're trying to prevent the need for further medication, like insulin," Harris said. "Even if they're only taking metformin, seeing for themselves how certain types of foods affect their blood sugar can have the biggest impact on motivating them to make changes in their diet."

In addition, when traveling, healthy eating tends to become more difficult to regularly sustain. People will usually eat out more and have less time to plan healthy meals or have fewer healthy options from which to choose. There's also less time to ensure proper nutrition and exercise which is important for managing diabetes.

"For people with diabetes, having their blood glucose readings sent to a provider is even more important when they travel because their diet might not be as healthy, eating times and patterns may shift, and other metabolic stressors related to traveling," said Dr. Bill Lewis, a leading telehealth consultant. "The iGlucose is the perfect traveling companion for people with diabetes so their test results are still being transmitted seamlessly to their provider."

Many of today's devices for at-home remote patient monitoring (RPM) rely on Bluetooth technology or Wi-fi paired to an app on a smartphone. These connections especially low-energy Bluetooth, can fail and may not reliably or securely deliver health data to providers.

The iGlucose from Smart Meter has proprietary cellular technology that utilizes the fast and secure 4/5G AT&T IoT network for reliable transmissions every time. With the cellular-enabled iGlucose, the measurement is sent immediately to the patient's provider with no extra steps required by the patient.

About Smart Meter, LLC

Now serving more than 100,000 patients, Smart Meter is the leading supplier of cellular-enabled virtual care technologies that include the iGlucose, iBloodPressure, iPulseOx, iScale, and SmartRPMcloud platform, as well as data, and services. Smart Meter's remote patient monitoring solutions are recognized as the standard for the RPM industry and are regarded for their high patient retention and satisfaction. The unique combination of reliable health data, patient-friendly devices, and platform integrations enable and enhance RPM, CCM, Employee Wellness, Population Health, and Telehealth programs for more than 300 RPM distribution partners across the United States. For more information, visitSmartMeterRPM.com

Smart Meter, LLC

Media Contact

5501 W. Waters Ave., Suite 401

Keith Tolbert

Tampa, FL 33602

[emailprotected]

813-773-4080

336-509-8024

SOURCE Smart Meter, LLC

The rest is here:
Diabetes Travel Essentials and Tips for the Approximately 21 Million Americans that Must Manage Their Diabetes While on Vacation - PR Newswire

News Release

Thursday, July 14, 2022

NIH-funded clinical trial finds that starting with a cheaper drug and switching to a more expensive drug as needed leads to good vision outcomes in diabetic macular edema.

Clinical trial results from the DRCR Retina Network suggest that a specific step strategy, in which patients with diabetic macular edema start with a less expensive medicine and switch to a more expensive medicine if vision does not improve sufficiently, gives results similar to starting off with the higher-priced drug. The main complication of diabetic macular edema, fluid build-up in the retina that causes vision loss, is commonly treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs.

The trial was funded by the National Eye Institute (NEI) and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), both part of National Institutes of Health. Results of the trial, which examined a stepped regimen of anti-VEFG drugs Avastin (bevacizumab) and Eylea (aflibercept), were published today in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Our study showed that switching treatments when needed is a reasonable strategy, said Chirag Jhaveri, M.D., Austin Research Center for Retina, Texas, the lead study author. Insurance companies often require clinicians to start with the less expensive treatment, so we really wanted to see how a specific treatment strategy using this approach would affect patient care.

Diabetic macular edema is caused by diabetes-related alterations to retinal blood vessels. Symptoms include blurred vision. If untreated, vision loss can become permanent and progress to blindness. Retinal injections of anti-VEGF drugs can restore vision. The DRCR Retina Network previously showed that Avastin and Eylea improve visual acuity in people with diabetic macular edema. However, while Eylea is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat diabetic macular edema and results in better visual outcomes on average, off-label Avastin is much less expensive and is sometimes required by insurers as a first-line treatment.

The study enrolled 270 participants with diabetic macular edema, some of whom received treatments in both eyes. At enrollment, all had best-corrected visual acuity between 20/50 and 20/320. Half the study eyes were assigned to Eylea from the start, and half were assigned to start with Avastin. For participants who needed treatment in both eyes, each eye started treatment with a different drug. Participants received either Avastin or Eylea injections every four weeks for 24 weeks. If eyes assigned Avastin failed to reach the pre-set improvement benchmarks starting at 12 weeks, the eye was switched to Eylea.

After 24 weeks, physicians could taper down the frequency of injections as appropriate to maintain visual acuity. The study collected information about participants retinal structure and visual acuity for two years.

After two years, eyes in both groups had similar visual acuity outcomes, improving on average approximately three lines on an eye chart, compared to the trials start. In the Avastin group, 70% of eyes switched to Eylea during the study.

While most participants on Avastin eventually switched to Eylea, they still had improvement during those initial weeks, even if they didnt hit our pre-set benchmarks, said Adam Glassman of the Jaeb Center for Health Research and director of the DRCR Retina Network coordinating center. There are large cost disparities between these drugs, so differences in treatment strategies may have substantial cost implications.

Weve demonstrated here one method to managing a step treatment, where the outcomes are similar to the best existing treatment protocol with Eylea, said Jennifer Sun, M.D., M.P.H., of Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, and chair of diabetes initiatives for the DRCR Retina Network. Any time we can add to a clinicians toolbox, whether its a new medication or a new approach to using existing medications, as in this study, its a benefit for patients.

The study was supported by NEI (EY014231) and NIDDK through the Special Diabetes Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research. Clinical trial number NCT03321513.

NEI leads the federal governments research on the visual system and eye diseases. NEI supports basic and clinical science programs to develop sight-saving treatments and address special needs of people with vision loss. For more information, visit https://www.nei.nih.gov.

About the National Institutes of Health (NIH):NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit http://www.nih.gov.

NIHTurning Discovery Into Health

Jhaveri CD, Glassman AR, Ferris FL, Liu D, Maguire MG, Allen JB, Baker CW, Browning D, Cunningham MA, Friedman SM, Jampol LM, Marcus DM, Martin DF, Preston CM, Stockdale CR, Sun JK, DRCR Retina Network. Aflibercept monotherapy versus bevacizumab first followed by aflibercept if needed for treatment of center-involved diabetic macular edema. NEJM. July 14, 2022.

###

Continued here:
A type of 'step therapy' is an effective strategy for diabetic eye disease - National Institutes of Health (.gov)

International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reports one in five Google searches for terms related to diabetes reveal inaccurate information about the condition and how to manage its complications, showing the lack of reliable diabetes education available for those who have or may have the condition.

The number of people living with diabetes continues to rise around the world, with the latest IDF estimatesindicating that one in nine adults will be affected by 2030. The necessity for reliable, accessible and accurate data on the condition can be a matter of life or death for people with serious cases of diabetes.

When diabetes is undetected and inadequately treated especially treated through home remedies which are reliant on misinformed articles on diabetes education people with diabetes are at higher risk of serious and life-threatening complications.

This is putting added strain on healthcare systems that, following two years of a global pandemic, are already struggling.

Out of 30 search results (the first results page for each search term), six links directed users to unverified information for different diabetes terms.

Terms including diabetes, how to manage diabetes and diabetes symptoms featured results and answers to questions from non-medical sources including Wikipedia, Amazon and Facty the last of which showed an article on home remedies for diabetes.

In one case, when searching for the term diabetes, users were shown an advert from an organisation that aims to wean people living with diabetes from insulin this can be extremely dangerous for those with type 1 diabetes, because if they experience an interruption in their supply of insulin, it can be potentially fatal.

Researchers of this data strongly advocate that decisions to reduce insulin treatment should be taken in close consultation with a qualified healthcare professional, preferably a specialist in diabetes.

According to IDF figures, an estimated 44.7% of adults living with diabetes (240 million people) across the world are undiagnosed with the overwhelming majority having type 2 diabetes.

Professor Andrew Boulton, IDF President, says: Many people now turn to Google and the internet for advice, so its worrying that misinformation about diabetes is still rife online.

With the prevalence of diabetes showing no signs of declining, ensuring that healthcare professionals are equipped to provide the best possible care and that people with diabetes can make informed decisions about their self-care is more important than ever. We need quality education today to help protect tomorrow.

IDF is committed to facilitating learning opportunities for all people concerned by diabetes, so their newonline platformhas been launched providing free interactive courses to help people with diabetes and their carers to understand and manage their condition.

The first course available provides an introduction to diabetes, explaining what it is, how it works and the common warning signs and risk factors.

For healthcare professionals, theIDF School of Diabetesoffers a selection of free and premium online courses that help them to keep up-to-date with various aspects of diabetes education, management and treatment.

Editor's Recommended Articles

Read more:
Diabetes education: one in five search results for diabetes lack reliable information - Open Access Government

Since 2005, talented performers ages 8-18 from across the St. Louis region come together every summer to form the Arch City Kids Theater Troupe (ACTT), producing a Broadway-style musical revue to raise money and awareness for JDRF (formerly the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation) in hopes of finding a cure for Type 1 diabetes.

As always, this year's production, Don't Stop Believin', is run entirely by kids, who cast, direct, choreograph and perform the show, donating all proceeds to JDRF. Don't Stop Believin' is directed this year by 18-year-old 2022 Lutheran South graduate, Gracie Maurer.

"ACTT is my favorite part of the summer," she says. "I've met lifelong friends and grown as a leader. I'm so excited to be directing the show this year!"

In 2021, ACTT's production Something About This Night raised $25,000, and over the years, with participation of more than 200 area kids, ACTT has given nearly $300,000 to JDRF.

Being a part of ACTT has become a fun and meaningful summer tradition for many young St. Louis performers, but for Assistant Director Natalie McAtee, singing and dancing in the show is only part of the appeal.

"Being able to raise money doing what I love for a disease that affects my friends is the highlight of my summer," said Natalie.

Gracie agrees.

"I am looking forward to raising money to turn Type 1 into Type None."

Don't Stop Believin', featuring songs from Broadway favorites like Rock of Ages, Hairspray, Legally Blonde, A Chorus Line, and Mamma Mia, runs August 5-7 at Ladue Horton Watkins High School. Tickets are free but donations are encouraged. Raffles and concessions are available at each show, and all proceeds go to JDRF.

For more information on ACTT: https://cloud.broadwayworld.com/rec/ticketclick.cfm?fromlink=2186141id=81&articlelink=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archcitykids.org%2F?utm_source=BWW2022&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=article&utm_content=bottombuybutton1

Read more from the original source:
Arch City Kids Theater Troupe Fights Type 1 Diabetes With Its Annual Revue - Broadway World

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Nutrigenomics Testing Market - Growth, Trends, and Forecasts (2022 - 2027)" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The Global Nutrigenomics Testing market is expected to register a 13.3% of CAGR over the forecast period. The major factors for the market growth are increasing burden of lifestyle disorders and gaining popularity of personalized diet. Some of the lifestyle diseases include heart disease, and stroke, obesity and diabetes.

According to the World Health organization, cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death and around three-quarter of the deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, diet plays an influential role on the health with respect to the prevention of diseases and the overall quality of life. Thus, the nutrigenomics testing market growth is expected to propel.

Key Market Trends

Obesity Segment Expected to Exhibit Significant Market Growth

According to the factsheet of National Health Service, as of May 2020, about 20% of the children aged 6 years were obese in the United Kingdom. Childhood obesity is often associated with higher risk of premature death, disability in adulthood, and other risks such as difficulty in breathing, increased risk of fractures, hypertension, early markers of cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and psychological effects.

Furthermore, obesity has been a major issue in high-income countries, however in recent years it has seen an upsurge in low- and middle-income countries. In 2018, approximately 40 million children that were under the age of five were obese worldwide, nearly half of this population was found to in Asia. Thus, the rising burden of obesity is expected to have a positive impact on the nutrigenomics testing market.

North America Expected to Hold a Significant Share in the Market

North America is expected to be a dominant region in the Nutrigenomics Testing market owing to rising burden of diseases due to sedentary lifestyle adoption. According to the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2017-18, the prevalence of obesity in the United States was found to be around 42.4% in adults. The prevalence of obesity was found to be more in women as compared to men. Furthermore, as per the data of Diabetes Research Institute, 2018, 34.2 million people in the United States had diabetes. Hence, a personalised dietary approach is gaining popularity for prevention and treatment of such diseases. Therefore, the aforementioned factors are expected to rise the demand for nutrigenomics testing market growth.

Competitive Landscape

Companies are taking initiatives to grow their presence in the market. In 2019, PT Kalbe Farma Tbk. launched Nutrigen-me panel that includes hormones, methylation, inflammation and antioxidants, plus sleep and lifestyle. Key players that are expected to be dominant in Nutrigenomics Testing market are Orig3n, DNA Life, Genus Health, LLC, Sanger Genomics Pvt. Ltd., The Gene Box, GX Sciences,Inc., Nutrigenomix, Cura Integrative Medicine and Holistic Health

Key Topics Covered

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Study Assumptions1.2 Scope of the Study

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4 MARKET DYNAMICS 4.1 Market Overview4.2 Market Drivers4.2.1 Increasing Prevalence of Lifestyle Disorders4.2.2 Increasing Popularity for Personalized Diet4.3 Market Restraints4.3.1 Stringent Regulatory Framework4.4 Porter's Five Force Analysis4.4.1 Threat of New Entrants4.4.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers/Consumers4.4.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers4.4.4 Threat of Substitute Products4.4.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry

5 MARKET SEGMENTATION 5.1 By Application5.1.1 Obesity5.1.2 Diabetes5.1.3 Cancer5.1.4 Cardiovascular Disease5.2 Geography5.2.1 North America5.2.2 Europe5.2.3 Asia-Pacific5.2.4 Rest of the World

6 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 6.1 Company Profiles6.1.1 Cura Integrative Medicine6.1.2 DNA Life6.1.3 Genus Health, LLC6.1.4 GX Sciences, Inc.6.1.5 Holistic Health6.1.6 Nutrigenomix6.1.7 Orig3n6.1.8 Sanger Genomics Pvt. Ltd.6.1.9 The Gene Box

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/gp59f9

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Nutrigenomics Testing Industry Forecast to 2027 - Insights Into Obesity, Diabetes, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Disease Applications -...

Preclinical evaluation of FasT CAR-T cellsFasT CAR-T (F-CAR-T) proliferation in vitro

To characterize the in vitro proliferative capacity of F-CAR-T cells, F-CAR-T and C-CAR-T cells were manufactured in parallel (Supplementary Methods, and Fig. S1) using T-cells from 6 B-ALL patients. To investigate the ex vivo proliferation of F-CAR-T, frozen CD19 F-CAR-T and C-CAR-T cells from each patient were thawed and stimulated with irradiated CD19-expressing K562 cells. The number of CD19-targeting CAR-T cells was then determined during the course of cell expansion in vitro. As shown in Fig. 1A, upon CD19 antigen stimulation, F-CAR-T proliferation was much more robust compared to C-CAR-T proliferation. On day 17 post co-culture, F-CAR-T expanded 1205.61226.3 fold (MeanSD), while C-CAR-T expanded only 116.437.2 fold (MeanSD), (p=0.001). To characterize the mechanism underlying the superior proliferative ability of F-CAR-T, we purified CD19+ CAR-T cells from both F-CAR-T and C-CAR-T. The expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis was analyzed using Nanostring (detailed gene sets are in Table S2). Gene expression profiles showed higher F-CAR-T expression scores for genes associated with cell cycle regulation (F-CAR-T vs. C-CAR-T, p<0.01) and lower expression scores for apoptosis-related genes (F-CAR-T vs. C-CAR-T, p<0.05) in F-CAR-T cells (Fig. S2A).

A Ex vivo cell proliferation of F-CAR-T and C-CAR-T derived from B-ALL patients (n=6) (***P=0.001, F-CAR-T vs. C-CAR-T, d17, unpaired student two-tailed t-test). B Tscm, Tcm, and Tem were characterized by surface staining of CD45RO and CD62L and analyzed with flow cytometry (***P<0.001 comparing F-CAR-T and C-CAR-T). C T-cell exhaustion was characterized by PD-1, LAG3, and TIM-3 staining; Statistical analyses of the percentage of PD1+ LAG3+ Tim3+ (***P<0.001, comparing F-CAR-T and C-CAR-T), unpaired student two-tailed t-test). D RTCA assay was used to examine the specific killing of HeLa-CD19 cells. Growth of target HeLa-CD19 or HeLa cells were monitored dynamically. E CD19+ target Nalm6-Luc cells or F Raji-Luc cells were co-cultured with either F-CAR-T or C-CAR-T for 6h. Target cell killing efficacy was calculated by luciferase activity. NS, P>0.05 F-CAR-T vs. C-CAR-T (unpaired student t-test, two-tailed). F-CAR-T FasT CAR-T, C-CAR-T conventional CAR-T, Tcm (CD45RO+CD62L+) T central memory cells, Tem (CD45RO+CD62L) T effector memory cells, Tscm (CD45ROCD62L+) T stem cell memory, PD1 programmed cell death protein 1, TIM-3 T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing-3, LAG3 lymphocyte-activation gene 3, RTCA real-time cell analyzer, E:T effector cells: target cells, NT normal T-cell.

Phenotypes of unstimulated F-CAR-T from three healthy donors were analyzed by flow cytometry. The CD45ROCD62L+ population was 45.7%2.2% which was comparable to the un-transduced T-cells (data not shown). Upon stimulation with CD19+ tumor cells for 9 days, C-CAR-T central memory cells (Tcm, CD45RO+CD62L+ and effector memory cells (Tem, CD45RO+CD62L) were 56.62%11.97% and 40.48%9.70%, respectively, among the C-CAR-T cells (Fig. 1B and Figs. S2B and S2). In contrast, Tcm cells (87.92%4.36%) was predominant in F-CAR-T, with only a small fraction of Tem (7.84%3.79%). In addition, F-CAR-T cells demonstrated more abundant T stem cell memory (Tscm) (3.841.22% vs 2.342.48%, p<0.05) than C-CAR-T cells. We also examined the exhaustion status of the stimulated CAR-T cells. A higher percentage of PD-1+LAG3+Tim3+T-cells were detected in the C-CAR-T (11.19%2.54%) compared to F-CAR-T (3.59%2.51%, p<0.001) (Fig. 1C). Together these data indicated that the F-CAR-T exhibited a younger phenotype and was less exhausted compared to C-CAR-T.

We used a real-time cell analyzer (RTCA) assay to measure the cytotoxicity of F-CAR-T and C-CAR-T against CD19+ cells in vitro. F-CAR-T and C-CAR-T killing of Hela-CD19 target cells were comparable using this assay (Fig. 1D). Similar levels of IFN- and IL-2 production were also observed (Fig. S2D). In a luciferase-based cytotoxicity assay, CD19+ B leukemia cell lines, Raji and Nalm6, were both effectively killed to similar or better levels at different E:T ratios (Fig. 1E, F).

To compare the in vivo cytotoxicity of F-CAR-T and C-CAR-T, severe immunodeficient NOG mice were engrafted with Raji-luciferase cells. One week after the tumor grafts were established, F-CAR-T and C-CAR-T were intravenously injected at various doses. The engrafted tumors progressed aggressively in control groups with either vehicle alone or control T-cells (Fig. 2A). In contrast, F-CAR-T or C-CAR-T treatment greatly suppressed tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 2A). In the high dose group (2106/mice), both F-CAR-T and C-CAR-T eliminated the tumor rapidly. However, in the low dose group (5105/mice), F-CAR-T showed more effective tumor-killing compared to C-CAR-T. On day 20, mice in the low dose F-CAR-T group became tumor-free, while C-CAR-T treated mice exhibited tumor relapse (Fig. 2A). We examined the CAR-T cell expansion in vivo after infusion. As shown in Fig. 2B, both F-CAR-T and C-CAR-T began to expand in the peripheral blood 7 days after infusion. C-CAR-T cell numbers reached their peak on day 14 and receded on day 21. In contrast, the F-CAR-T cell number peaked on day 21 and declined to a baseline level on day 28. F-CAR-T not only persisted longer but also underwent 26 folds greater expansion than C-CAR-T (Fig. 2B).

A Raji-Luc cell engraftment NOG mice were given high dose (2106/mice, n=3) and low dose (5105/mice, n=3) F-CAR-T/C-CAR-T along with control groups. Tumor growth was monitored with IVIS scan once every 3 days; B CAR-T expansion in peripheral blood of mice was analyzed by flow cytometry (n=6). ***P<0.001 for F-CAR-T HD vs. C-CAR-T HD; F-CAR-T LD vs. C-CAR-T LD; F-CAR-T HD vs. F-CAR-T LD; C-CAR-T HD vs. C-CAR-T LD (two-way ANOVA statistical analysis); C Schematic of the Nalm6 (1106) xenograft model, CAR-T (2106) infused 1 day after cyclophosphamide (20mg/kg) treatment. Bone marrow infiltration of F-CAR-T was analyzed 10 days after CAR-T infusion (n=3); D CD45+CD2 F-CAR-T vs. C-CAR-T in peripheral blood of mice were analyzed by flow cytometry; *P<0.05 (unpaired student two-tailed t-test). IVIS in vivo imaging system, PB peripheral blood, i.v. intravenous, HD high dose, LD low dose, Cy cyclophosphamide; *p<0.05; #: number.

We examined the BM infiltration of F-CAR-T cells after infusion into Nalm6-bearing mice (Fig. 2C). A larger population of CAR-T cells was observed 10 days after infusion in BM in F-CAR-T infused group than that in the C-CAR-T group (p<0.05) (Fig. 2D), suggesting F-CAR-T cells possessed a better BM homing capability than C-CAR-T.

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is known to be critical for BM homing of T-cells [25, 26]. Indeed, a higher percentage of CXCR4+ T cells were detected in F-CAR-T than in the C-CAR-T. Interestingly, this phenotype was more pronounced for CD4+ T cells than CD8+ T cells (Fig. S3A). In a two-chamber system, more F-CAR-T cells could be detected in the lower chamber than their C-CAR-T counterparts (Fig. S3B).

Between Jan. 2019 and Oct. 2019, 25 pediatric and adult patients with CD19+R/R B-ALL were enrolled onto our phase 1 trial, including two patients who had relapsed following a prior allo-HSCT. Patient characteristics are detailed in Table 1. The median age of patients was 20 (range: 344) years old. Twenty patients were >14 years old, and five were 14 years old. The median percentage of pre-treatment BM blasts was 9.05% (range: 0.1982.9%). As our pre-clinical studies demonstrated that F-CAR-T cells had a superior expansion capability as compared to C-CAR-T, we infused a relatively low doses of F-CAR-T cells, ranging from 104105 cells/kg: 3.0104 cells/kg (n=2), 6.5 (5.867.43)104 cells/kg (n=9), 1.01 (1.01.16)105 cells/kg (n=12), 1.52(1.471.56)105 cells/kg (n=2), (Fig. S4). The median time from apheresis to the infusion of CD19+F-CAR-T cells was 14 days (range: 1220). Although the manufacturing time of F-CAR-T was next day, the quality control time and detailed final product releases including sterility testing require a minimum of 710 days to complete. In addition, transportation of cell products requires approximately two days. Of the 25 patients who received CD19 F-CAR-T infusion, 22 (88%) received bridging chemotherapy between apheresis and lymphodepleting chemotherapy to control rapid disease progression (Table S3).

F-CAR-T cells were manufactured successfully for all patients. The mean transduction efficiency of F-CAR-T was 35.4% (range: 13.170.3%) (Fig. S5A). Both CD4+/CAR+ (mean, 49.6%; range: 13.673.2%) and CD8+/CAR+ (mean, 41.5%; range: 20.677.7%) subsets were present in the CD3+CAR+ T cell subsets of all products. The mean proportion of Tscm, Tem, and Tcm cells in the CD3+CAR+ T cell subsets of all products was 23.3% (range: 3.5545.3%), 33.2% (range: 17.267.9%), and 36.1% (range: 20.758.1%), respectively (Fig. S5B). F-CAR-T products exerted significant IFN- release and cytotoxic effects against the CD19+ cell line HELA-CD19 (Fig. S5, C, D).

All 25 infused patients experienced adverse events (AEs) of any grade, with 25 (100%) experiencing grade 3 or higher adverse events. No grade 5 events related to F-CAR-T treatment were observed (Table 2).

CRS occurred in 24 (96%) patients with 18 (72%) grade 12 CRS,6 (24%) of grade 3, and no grade 4 or higher CRS (Fig. S6). In the >14 years old group, 16/20 (80%) patients developed mild CRS, and only 2/20 (10%) developed grade 3 CRS. For 14 years old patients, 2/5 (40%) had mild CRS, yet 3/5 (60%) experienced grade 3 CRS (Table S4). ICANS was observed in 7 (28%) patients, with 2 (8%) grade 3 ICANS occurring in patients >14 years old and 5 (20%) grade 4 ICANS all occurring in patients 14 years old. No grade 5 ICANS was developed (Fig. S7 and Table S4). The most frequent presentation of CRS was fever, particularly a high fever of >39C. The first onset of CRS symptoms occurred between day 3 and 8 post-CAR-T infusion with a median onset at day 4 (range: 110 days). The most common symptoms of ICANS were seizure (5/7) and depressed consciousness (5/7). The median time to ICANS onset from CAR-T cell infusion was 7 days (range: 58), and the median time to resolution was 2 days (Fig. S7). All CRS and ICANS events were managed including early intervention when fever of 39C persisted for 24h. Sixteen (64%) patients received tocilizumab with a median total dose of 160mg (range: 160320mg). Twenty-one (84%) patients received corticosteroids including dexamethasone (median total dose, 43mg; range: 4127mg) and or methylprednisolone (median total dose, 190mg; range: 401070mg). The vast majority of these patients discontinued corticosteroids within 2 weeks. The change in IL-6, IFN-, IL-10, and GM-CSF levels after infusion are selectively shown in Fig. S8. The peak levels of these four cytokines were observed between day 710. Among all 21 cytokines examined, only post-infusion IL-6 levels were associated with moderate to severe CRS and/or ICANS (Figs. S9 and S10).

Superior in vivo proliferation and persistence of F-CAR-T compared to C-CAR-T cells were observed regardless of dose levels. The median peak level was reached on day 10 (range: 714 days) with 1.9105 transgene copies/g of genomic DNA (range: 0.225.2105 transgene copies/g of genomic DNA) by qPCR and 83 F-CAR-T cells per l blood (range: 42102 F-CAR-T cells per l blood) by FCM (Fig. 3A, B). No significant differences were observed among the different dose groups in the mean F-CAR-T copies peak (Fig. 3C). Importantly, there was no significant difference in the mean F-CAR-T copies peak between patients who received corticosteroids compared to those who did not (Fig. 3D).

A F-CAR-T cells in peripheral blood by qPCR. Purple, dose level 1; black, dose level 2; blue, dose level 3; red, dose level 4; B F-CAR-T cells in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Purple, dose level 1; black, dose level 2; blue, dose level 3; red, dose level 4; C Comparison of the mean peak copy number of F-CAR-T cells in peripheral blood at each dose level. Statistical significance was determined by the MannWhitney test. D Comparison of the mean peak copy number of F-CAR-T cells in peripheral blood with or without steroids. Statistical significance was determined by the MannWhitney test.

Fourteen days after F-CAR-T cell infusion, all patients achieved morphologic CR including 2/25 with CR and 23/25 CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi), which further improved to 11/25 CR and 14/25 CRi 28 days post F-CAR-T (Table 1 and Fig. 4). More importantly, 23/25 (92%) had the minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative remission on day 14 and day 28 after F-CAR-T treatment. Patients achieving remission through CAR-T were given the option to proceed to allo-HSCT. With a median time of 54 days (range: 4581 days) post F-CAR-T infusion, 20 of 23 patients with MRD-negative status decided to pursue consolidative allo-HSCT including one patient who received a 2nd transplant. As of 18 October 2021, with a median follow-up duration of 693 days (range: 84973 days) among the 20 patients who had received allo-HSCT, one patient relapsed on day 172 and died 3 months after relapse, and four patients died from transplant-related mortality (TRM) including infection (n=3) and chronic GVHD (n=1) on day 84, day 215, day 220, and day 312, respectively. The other 15 patients remained in MRD-negative CR with a median remission duration of 734 days (range: 208973) except for one who became MRD-positive on day 294 with CD19+ disease. Among the other three patients (F05, F06, F16), one remained in MRD-negative CR on day 304, one remained in MRD-negative CR until day 303, received allo-HSCT but died from an infection on day 505, and one was lost to follow-up after day 114. Two patients who had MRD-positive CR after infusion withdrew from the study on day 42 and day 44, respectively, to seek other studies.

Clinical outcomes and consolidative allo-HSCT for the 25 patients who were treated with F-CAR-T therapy are shown. On day 28, 23/25 patients achieved MRD-negative CR/CRi. With a median time of 54 days (range: 4581) post F-CAR-T infusion, 20 of 23 patients with MRD-negative status received consolidative allo-HSCT. Among the 20 patients, 1 patient (F23) relapsed on day 172 and died 3 months after relapse. Four patients (F04, F09, F11, F12) died from transplant-related mortality (TRM) including infection (n=3) and chronic GVHD (n=1) on day 84, day 215, day 220, and day 312, respectively. The remaining 15 patients were in MRD-negative CR except for one (F18) who became MRD-positive on day 294. Among the other 3 patients (F05, F06, F16), 1 remained MRD-negative CR on day 304, 1 remained in MRD-negative CR until day 303, received allo-HSCT, and subsequently died from an infection on day 505. One patient was lost to follow-up after day 114. MRD minimal residual disease, CR complete remission, Allo-HSCT allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

F-CAR-T/T ratio in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated by FCM in 13/25 patients with available samples (Table S5). Between days 10 and 32, 9 patients were found to have considerable F-CAR-T penetration in their CSF, ranging from 40.65 to 79.2%, including 4 who developed severe ICANS. Among the other 4 patients, F-CAR-T cell abundance in the CSF ranged from 1.29% to 3.57%, and none experienced severe ICANS. Patients with higher levels of CAR-T in PB on day 10 consistently had higher levels of CAR-T in CSF with the exception of patient F15. Notably, CAR-T cells were still detectable in the CSF on day 101 with a 2.36% CAR-T/T ratio in patient F06, who also had undetectable circulating CAR-T cells at the same time.

In addition, concentrations of seven cytokines (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-, TNF-, MCP-1, and GM-CSF) in CSF samples from the above 10 of 13 patients were measured. Specifically, IL-1b was not detected in any of the 10 patients, and only one patient had detectable GM-CSF. For the other five cytokines, patients with severe ICANS had higher IL-6 levels in contrast to patients without severe ICANS, and the difference between the median level of IL-6 among these two groups of patients was statistically significant (Fig. S11). We did not observe significant differences among the other 4 cytokines between the two groups of patients. No clear relation between the CSF cytokine levels and the F-CAR-T/T % was observed.

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Next-day manufacture of a novel anti-CD19 CAR-T therapy for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: first-in-human clinical study | Blood Cancer Journal...

Could a brain ever exist on its own, divorced from or independent of a body? For a long time, philosophers have pondered such "brain-in-a-vat" scenarios, asking whether isolated brains could maintain consciousness when separated from their bodies and senses.

Typically, a person's experiences are characterized by a web of interactions between the human brain, body and environment.

But recent developments in neuroscience mean this conversation has moved from the realm of hypothetical speculation and science fiction, to isolated examples where consciousness could be sealed off from the rest of the world.

In a 2020 study, detailed in the journal Trends in Neuroscience (opens in new tab), philosopher Tim Bayne, of Monash University in Melbourne, and neuroscientists Anil Seth, of the University of Sussex in England, and Marcello Massimini, of the University of Milan in Italy, describe contexts in which such "islands of awareness" could exist.

Related: What happens in our brains when we 'hear' our own thoughts?

In one possible situation, a brain that has been removed from its host is able to sustain consciousness using the oxygen and nutrients necessary for function delivered via some kind of apparatus. This is called the ex cranio brain.

In a study that sounds like something out of a horror movie (opens in new tab), researchers were able to successfully restore blood flow to brain cells, cellular functions of neurons, and spontaneous synaptic activity in pigs' brains that were removed after death and connected to a system called BrainEx. The system, which is designed to slow the degeneration of brain tissue after death, can be connected to the base of a postmortem brain, delivering warm artificial oxygenated blood.

In people who suffer from severe refractory epilepsy, one treatment called a hemispherotomy (opens in new tab) involves completely disconnecting the damaged half of the brain from the other hemisphere, brainstem and thalamus. In these cases, the damaged half remains inside the skull, and connected to the vascular system. While the disconnected hemisphere continues to receive the nutrients and oxygen needed for function, some have wondered whether this isolated hemisphere supports an adjacent consciousness to the opposing, connected hemisphere.

And scientists have created lab-based mini-brains, 3D structures developed from stem cells that display various features of the developing human brain. Some of these brains-in-a-dish have brainwaves similar to those seen in preterm babies.

But do any of these "brains" actually possess consciousness?

Scientists can't deduce consciousness from behavior in these cases, nor can they ask these brains if they are experiencing consciousness. This conundrum has led neuroscientists to devise a potential "objective" measure of consciousness.

For instance, scientists could use the so-called perturbational complexity index (PCI), which is based on the level of interactions between neurons within these "brains." Using this index, scientists would electrically stimulate a part of the brain and then measure the resulting patterns of neural activity to gauge the complexity of brain-cell interactions. If the resulting measurement of these interactions carries lots of information, then the system can be said to be more conscious.

It's kind of like tossing a rock into a pond and measuring the resulting ripples. If the ripples interact with other objects in the pond, setting off more ripples, then the more conscious the system.

In states where people have not been fully conscious, PCI has been a reliable indicator of their level of consciousness. For instance, being in a coma, or sleeping, would be considered a "lower" level of consciousness or awareness.

"PCI has proven effective in detecting disconnected awareness during dreaming, ketamine anesthesia (opens in new tab), and has also been fruitfully applied to patients who are non-responsive following severe brain injury (opens in new tab)," Bayne told Live Science.

It could be the case that consciousness is tightly coupled to dynamics of the brain that are relatively easy to measure, such as the case with the PCI.

But even if consciousness doesn't turn out to be reducible to any neural signal in the brain, Bayne believes the task of developing an "objective" measure of consciousness is still a valid one.

While these techniques might not be able to definitively answer the question of whether consciousness is present in these contexts, they will provide answers to some fundamental questions, such as whether islands of awareness have the same levels of neural complexity as the brains of conscious subjects. Or do these brains slowly go offline once disconnected from the external world?

Understanding what the contents of consciousness could look like in such cases offers an even trickier problem.

Originally published on Live Science.

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Can minds persist when they are cut off from the world? - Livescience.com

Black adolescent young adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia appeared to have inferior outcomes compared with White patients.

Adolescent and young adult patients who are Black with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) between 18 and 29 years old reportedly have worse survival than White patients receiving similar therapy, according to a study published in Blood Advances.

A higher rate of early death was observed in Black patients between the ages of 18 to 29 (16%) vs 3% the White population (3%; P = .002). Moreover, Black patients had a lower complete remission (CR) rate at 66% vs 83% (P = .01) in White patients, as well as a lower 5-year overall survival (OS) rate at 22% vs 51% (P <.001), respectively. Disparities were also observed across different cytogenetic subgroups, including worse 5-year OS rates among Black patients with non-core binding factor AML (12% vs 44%; P <.001) and cytogenetically normal AML (13% vs 50%; P = .003) compared with White patients.

Patients who were Black compared with White had a higher rates of early death at 11% vs 2% (P <.001), lower CR rates at 73% vs 82% (P = .06), and shorter 5-year OS rates at 32% vs 46% (P = .002). However, the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was in 32% in Black patients vs 40% in White patients (P = .25).

Patient characteristics were almost the same in regard to age and sex, while there were no differences in clinical features were apparent at diagnosis. A total of 327 samples were collected from 50 Black patients and 277 White patients. At diagnosis, 40% of White patients were cytogenetically normal vs 19% of Black patients (P <.001), and 22% vs 37% of patients, respectively, had abnormal karyotypes with chromosome rearrangement that were associated with core-binding factor AML (P = .005).

Mutations of t(8;21)(q22;q22)/RUNX1::RUNX1T1 were observed in 22% of patients who were Black vs 10% of those who were White (P = .002), while there were similar rates of inv(16)(p13.1q22)/CBFB::MYH11 or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22)/CBFB::MYH11 mutationsincluding 15% in Black patients vs 12% in White patients (P = .49).

Gene variants including ASXL1 (12% vs 1%; P <.001), KRAS (16% vs 5%; P = .01), ZRSR2 (6% vs 0.4%; P = .01), BCOR (8% vs 2%; P = .05), and CALR (8% vs 2%; P = .05) were more prevalent in Black patients vs White patients. However, more White patients had gene alterations in NPM1 (29% vs 4%; P <.001) and bi-allelic CEBPA (17% vs 3%; P = .02) compared with Black patients.

Overall patients who were Black had higher early death rates in 16% vs 3% (P = .002). The median OS for patients who were Black and between the ages of 18 to 29 years was 1.3 years vs 10.2 years for patients who were White (P <.001). Investigators did not find any significant differences in survival between patients who were Black or White between the ages of 30 to 39.

A total of 15% of patients who were White and 4.5% of those who were Black received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) during first CR. Of those who underwent allogeneic HSCT, a longer DFS was observed among White patients vs Black patients and did not undergo the treatment. There were no significant differences in OS between treatment groups (P = .21).

Patients who were Black and had core-binding factor AML had higher rates of early death at 12% vs 3% of patients who were White (P = .06), lower CR rates at 85% vs 95% (P = .06), and shorter 5-year OS rates in 54% vs 70% (P = .05), respectively. No differences in DFS and OS were observed between patient subgroups with non-core binding factor AML with t(8;21) alterations. However, OS but not DFS was shorter for patients who were Black between 18 to 29 years of age with inv(16)/t(16;16) vs 18 to 29 and 30 to 39 year-olds who were White.

Larkin K, Nicolet D, Kelly BJ, et al. High early death rates, treatment resistance, and short survival of Black adolescents and young adults with AML.Blood Adv. Published Online July 5, 2022. doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007544

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Black Adolescent Young Adults With AML Have Worse Outcomes Vs White Population - Cancer Network

Akari Therapeutics Plc

NEW YORK and LONDON, July 07, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Akari Therapeutics, Plc (Nasdaq: AKTX), a late-stage biotechnology company focused on developing advanced therapies for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, today announced that a patient has completed the course of investigational nomacopan treatmentin the open-label, multi-center Phase IIIPart Aclinical trial in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant-related thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA). Nomacopan is a bispecific recombinant inhibitor of complement C5 and leukotriene B4 (LTB4).

Three patients with severe (nephrotic range proteinuria and elevated soluble C5b-9) HSCT-TMA have been enrolled in the clinical trial. One patient completed more than 60 days of nomacopan treatment and subsequently was discharged from the hospital. Another patient died from multi-organ failureunrelated to nomacopan treatment.Dosing has begun in the third patient.

This is promising news for children and families facing hematopoietic stem cell transplant-related TMAs who have unmet needs that are significant and urgent because there are no approved treatment options, said Rachelle Jacques, President and CEO of Akari Therapeutics. Recruitment into a study of treatment for a rare and emergent complication of stem cell transplants in children has inherent challenges, and it is testament to the passion and commitment of everyone involved that this important Phase III clinical trial is progressing on behalf of patients and their families.

Nomacopan was granted Orphan Drug and Fast Track designations by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for pediatric HSCT-TMA. Data from the Phase III Part A study of nomacopan in HSCT-TMA will inform the pivotal Phase III Part B study that will be the basis for potential regulatory submissions in the U.S. and Europe.

The six-year-old patient who was discharged wastreated at a clinical trial site in Manchester, England by investigator Rob Wynn, M.D. Thrombotic microangiopathy following a stem cell transplant procedure is a rare but devastating complication made even more tragic because there are currently no approved treatments, said Professor Rob Wynn, of Royal Manchester Childrens Hospital, part of Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust. As we advance this important clinical trial and offer treatment to children in Manchester where formerly there was none, we are bringing new hope to families who are in desperate need, and to other clinicians who very much want to offer a treatment option.

Story continues

Thrombotic microangiopathy following a stem cell transplant procedure is a rare but serious complication of HSCT that appears to involve complement activation, inflammation, tissue hypoxia and blood clots, leading to progressive organ damage and death. The mortality rate in patients who develop severe transplant-related TMAs is 80%.1 Currently, there are no approved treatment options in the U.S. or Europe.

Sites are open and recruiting in the U.S, U.K., and Poland for the Phase III Part A clinical trial of investigational nomacopan in pediatric patients who have undergone allogeneic or autologous HSCT and develop HSCT-TMA within a year of transplant. Patient dosing is underway in the multi-center, open-label study that has a recruitment goal of seven pediatric patients over six months old.

The primary study endpoints are either independence of red blood cell transfusion or urine protein creatinine ratio of 2 mg/mg maintained over 28 days immediately prior to any scheduled clinical visit up to Week 24. According to the study protocol, patients may discontinue therapy sooner than 24 weeks, if one, or both, of the primary endpoint components has been met and the treating clinician determines there is no longer a need for continued treatment with nomacopan. Patients who have achieved the primary endpoint and are no longer receiving nomacopan will have a follow-up clinic visit 30 days after the last dose, at 24 weeks and for long-term follow-up at one and two years.

References

Rosenthal J. Hematopoietic cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy: a review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.J Blood Med. 2016;7:181-186. Published 2016 Sep 2. doi:10.2147/JBM.S102235

About Akari Therapeutics

Akari Therapeutics, plc (Nasdaq: AKTX) is a biotechnology company focused on developing advanced therapies for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Akari's lead asset, investigational nomacopan, is a bispecific recombinant inhibitor of C5 complement activation and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) activity. The Akaripipeline includes two late-stage programs for bullous pemphigoid (BP) and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), as well as earlier stage research and development programs in eye and lung diseases with significant unmet need. For more information about Akari, please visit akaritx.com.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this press release constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward- looking statements reflect our current views about our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects, which are based on the information currently available to us and on assumptions we have made. Although we believe that our plans, intentions, expectations, strategies and prospects as reflected in or suggested by those forward- looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that the plans, intentions, expectations or strategies will be attained or achieved. Furthermore, actual results may differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements and will be affected by a variety of risks and factors that are beyond our control. Such risks and uncertainties for our company include, but are not limited to: needs for additional capital to fund our operations, our ability to continue as a going concern; uncertainties of cash flows and inability to meet working capital needs; an inability or delay in obtaining required regulatory approvals for nomacopan and any other product candidates, which may result in unexpected cost expenditures; our ability to obtain orphan drug designation in additional indications; risks inherent in drug development in general; uncertainties in obtaining successful clinical results for nomacopan and any other product candidates and unexpected costs that may result there; difficulties enrolling patients in our clinical trials; failure to realize any value of nomacopan and any other product candidates developed and being developed in light of inherent risks and difficulties involved in successfully bringing product candidates to market; inability to develop new product candidates and support existing product candidates; the approval by the FDA and EMA and any other similar foreign regulatory authorities of other competing or superior products brought to market; risks resulting from unforeseen side effects; risk that the market for nomacopan may not be as large as expected risks associated with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; inability to obtain, maintain and enforce patents and other intellectual property rights or the unexpected costs associated with such enforcement or litigation; inability to obtain and maintain commercial manufacturing arrangements with third- party manufacturers or establish commercial scale manufacturing capabilities; the inability to timely source adequate supply of our active pharmaceutical ingredients from third party manufacturers on whom the company depends; unexpected cost increases and pricing pressures and risks and other risk factors detailed in our public filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including our most recently filed Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC. Except as otherwise noted, these forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of these statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after this press release. We caution investors not to place considerable reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this press release.

For more information

Investor Contact:Mike MoyerLifeSci Advisors(617) 308-4306mmoyer@lifesciadvisors.com

Media Contact:Eliza SchleifsteinSchleifstein PR (917) 763-8106eliza@schleifsteinpr.com

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The U.S. Supreme Court's June 24 ruling ending federal abortion rights under Roe v. Wade could inspire groups that seek to protect embryos to urge greater restrictions on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryonic stem cell research, according to Henry T. (Hank) Greely, director of the Stanford Law School Center for Biomedical Ethics.

Assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF aren't constitutionally protected and neither is preimplantation genetic testing, which screens for certain traits and DNA-caused conditions in embryos that haven't yet been implanted in the uterus, he said in a recent interview prior to the landmark ruling.

The court's ruling doesn't ban these technologies, which assist people seeking to have children, but it is likely to inspire some groups and states to seek to preserve unused embryos or ban embryonic stem cell research, Greely said.

His paper about the potential short- and long-term impacts of the decision is in preprint publication and is expected to be published in the Journal of Law and Biosciences in the coming weeks. In the short term, the technologies that embryo-protection groups might seek to ban or limit might be an alternative for women who can no longer receive an abortion in their home state.

Prenatal testing currently can determine if the fetus has a serious DNA defect that would cause disease or disability; a woman can then decide whether to continue with or terminate the pregnancy. That choice would likely disappear in states that restrict abortions, Greely said.

But a genetic testing technique that is used during in vitro fertilization could be utilized to prevent IVF pregnancies with fetal abnormalities. Preimplantation genetic testing, or PGT, screens out embryos with DNA-causing birth defects before the embryos are transferred to the uterus. The procedure can determine with a high degree of accuracy whether an embryo would develop into a baby who might have one of a large number of conditions. The decision not to transfer an embryo with genes that could cause a disability, condition or trait isn't illegal in the U.S., he said.

In states where abortion is illegal, it's likely there would be an increased interest in using PGT. The embryos are screened while outside the womb and prior to implantation and pregnancy.

"I think some people, some couples will say, well, if we have an embryo for the pregnancy that would have a severe disability as a child, our state wouldn't allow us to abort it. So let's go through preimplantation," he said.

But Greely doesn't think using PGT will skyrocket after the court's abortion decision. The technique requires that prospective parents use IVF, which is unpleasant and risky due to egg harvesting, he said.

IVF is also expensive. Most couples seeking the technique do so due to infertility and the decision isn't made lightly. Anyone with enough money to afford IVF would likely be able to afford to travel to another state for an abortion, he said.

Greely thinks it is unlikely embryo-protection groups would advocate for any kind of legislation that has a negative effect on IVF, however.

"Americans like IVF; almost everybody knows somebody or will know somebody who's either gone through IVF or who's actually the product of IVF. Two percent of the babies born every year in the U.S. with the product of IVF, and particularly the wealthier people are, the more likely they are to have either used IVF or know somebody who uses IVF, and also, the more likely they are to be politically powerful," he said.

There's a certain sort of law Greely thinks might be politically viable: limiting the selection or deselection of an embryo for IVF for a specific reason such as race, gender or disability.

"We've already seen it in abortion state statutes. A lot of abortion laws ban abortion for the purpose of discriminating on race, sex or disability status. And some of them explicitly say Down syndrome status.

"I can imagine the disability community coming together with protection groups to try to pass laws banning using PGT to select against embryos based on race, sex or disability. The important part of that would probably be disability and maybe even with the focus just on Down syndrome, which has a very strong support group and has some political sympathy," he said.

There isn't much political support for eliminating embryos that would have a fatal disease, however, he said.

"There's a more attractive case for protecting embryos that might become people with Down syndrome compared to protecting embryos that might become babies who would die within a year from Tay-Sachs disease," he said.

The court's decision on Roe v. Wade could invigorate efforts to pass new legislation to protect embryos outside the uterus among people who believe embryos are viable far earlier than at the 15 weeks in the Mississippi case that challenged Roe v. Wade. Some groups have claimed that human life starts far earlier and even at fertilization, which would make, in their view, all embryos for IVF "viable" regardless of whether they are implanted in the womb.

In the normal medical standard of care, no more than two embryos should be transferred into a woman's uterus at a time to minimize the chances of multiple pregnancies, Greely noted in his paper.

Most IVF cycles produce more than two eggs. Prospective parents can choose to have the extra embryos frozen for possible later use, donated to other couples, designated for research or destroyed and discarded.

Some legislation advocated by embryo-protection groups could limit or change the practice, he said. With the exception of Louisiana, there are no limitations on destroying embryos that aren't implanted, he said, though some other states have considered the legislation.

"The only limitation that I know of is the Louisiana law where you're not allowed to destroy embryos. So leftover embryos are kept frozen indefinitely in IVF clinics there," he said.

Legislation could lead clinics to build facilities to freeze and store unused embryos in perpetuity, he said, adding that the Louisiana law hasn't caused IVF clinics to close.

Embryo-protection groups might also try to get a law passed that's similar to a 2004 Italian law, which was subsequently limited by a court decision, Greely noted.

"They said you have to transfer for possible implantation every viable embryo you make, which means in Italy they typically only make one or two embryos at a time.

The embryo-protection groups "might try that, but all that would do is make IVF more difficult or expensive, and I don't think there's going to be political support for it. I don't think there'll be enough political support for it for people to adopt it," he said.

Greely noted that there could potentially be a significant change in embryo research as opposed to clinical treatments in an IVF clinic.

"Actually, embryo research in particular has really nothing to do with Roe v. Wade. As a matter of law, Roe v. Wade never protected embryo research, but I think it's connected in terms of the political dynamics after the death of Roe v. Wade," Greely said.

There's a good chance that at some stage, states will pass laws that eliminate human embryo research, in part because it is a huge issue, he said. Embryonic stem cells are taken from embryos created and then not used for pregnancy at IVF clinics.

"Twenty years ago, a number of states banned it; a number of states like California encouraged that research. But research into Type 1 diabetes and other major diseases has been disappointing.

"I think it has been useful, but there have been no miracles from it so far," he said.

The discovery in 2007 of a method to turn regular body cells into cells that can become any cell type in the human body makes the argument for using embryonic stem cells less compelling, he noted in his paper. Called induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs, these cells take away some of the urgency about using embryonic stem cells.

But iPSCs aren't exactly like human embryonic stem cells, Greely noted. Researchers would likely argue that human embryos are still required for research on embryonic development that would lead to ways for couples to succeed in having babies.

iPSCs might also play a role in the same types of research, since scientists have been creating "embryo-like things" or "embryo models" that provide more information about human embryonic development, he wrote.

How these laws might affect funding for embryonic research is also unknown.

The federal government has had little appetite for funding embryonic research and has refused to fund research that "destroys, discards, or knowingly subject(s) to risk of injury of death" embryos, Greely noted in his paper.

Yet, the federal government doesn't limit or ban the research itself; its actions have solely been about research it funds. Federal funds can be used for research on cells created from embryos that were destroyed somewhere else, he noted.

At least 11 states, however, have banned (or effectively banned) human embryo research on cells created from destroyed embryos that came from somewhere else, he wrote.

Some states allow such research, including California, Connecticut, Michigan, Montana and New York, Greely noted. California in particular continues to support stem cell research without a ban on the use of embryonic cells. In 2020, the state's voters passed Proposition 14 for $5.5 billion in bonds to advance the research.

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How abortion ruling could affect IVF and embryonic research - The Almanac Online

News Photo by Julie RiddleDetective Sgt. Steve Davis works at his computer at the Alpena Police Department on Wednesday.

ALPENA Police work hinges on relationships, said Detective Sgt. Steve Davis, retiring on Friday from the Alpena Police Department.

In 14 years of responding to complaints in Alpena and another 11 years as Alpena detective, Davis has met some of the strongest people he knows.

Those resilient people often encountered as they reeled from the devastation of a recent trauma gave him strength to do the job he now leaves after 32 years, Davis said, reflecting on his career in an Alpena Police Department conference room on Wednesday.

Davis stepped into law enforcement in 1990, moving to Montmorency County in 1991.

Six years later, he joined the Alpena Police Department as a road patrol officer, from which he was promoted to road sergeant in 2001.

Since 2011, Davis has served as detective, chasing leads and digging deep into Alpenas most serious crimes.

That transition meant learning to slow down, looking over things not once, not twice, but three times, Davis said.

Unlike road patrol work which often involves hustling from complaint to complaint a detective has to step back and examine the big picture surrounding stabbings, suicides, rapes, assaults, and other major crimes, following leads and studying patterns and interviewing residents.

Last summer, during what Davis called one of the most complex cases of his career, he had to call in the help of the Michigan State Police during a months-long investigation into the disappearance of missing Alpena teenager Brynn Bills.

Police later found Bills body buried in a back yard in Alpena Township. No charges have been filed related to her death.

That investigation, now turned into a death investigation by the State Police, required pursuing numerous angles and talking to hundreds of people, Davis said.

Since his young days as a patrol officer, Davis has noted an alarming loss of communication skills within multiple age groups, a change he chalks up to social medias enabling of faceless retorts and insults without consequences.

When I was a kid, if you wanted to talk to someone, you rode your bike over to their house and talked to them, face to face, he said. As a society, weve lost a lot of that. And thats pretty unfortunate.

Society feels the brunt of that loss when people with differing viewpoints dont know how to listen to one another and resort to violence and then police have to step in, Davis said.

Since his career started, inpatient mental health facilities have closed and budget-strapped mental health agencies have struggled to keep up with a seeming increase in mental health struggles and police not trained as mental health workers have to pick up the pieces, Davis said.

Untreated mental illness paired with the inability to deal with an opposing viewpoint puts everyone in danger when people burst into schools or churches or parades ready to kill, he said.

Like many police officers, Davis mourns a changed public perception of police work that makes hiring officers harder and wears out officers who have to work overtime.

News reports of police doing wrong do not reflect the attitude or actions of most police officers, Davis said.

Then again, he added, neither do depictions of people hating and distrusting police reflect the way Alpena treats its police force.

In a community largely supportive of its public safety workers, he cant walk into a sandwich shop without someone offering to buy him lunch.

As a young officer, he sometimes took a cynical view of the community. Age and time have made him less judgemental and more ready to see positives, even while embroiled in the citys worst crimes.

Theres a lot of good people out there, he said. Weve just got to remember that.

Several years ago, Davis donated stem cells to save a woman from another country, someone whose name he will never know.

Asked if he was willing to undergo the procedure to help the woman, Davis assented readily.

Thats kinda why I got into law enforcement, he said.

His wife is making him celebrate his retirement with a party, Davis said, waving off a suggestion that a police retirement deserves special recognition.

We all put our part into this community, he said. Im just one little piece.

Julie Riddle can be reached at 989-358-5693 or jriddle@thealpenanews.com. Follow her on Twitter @jriddleX.

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Viewers of today's This Morning programme have been left 'in tears' after a boy had the chance to meet the donor who saved his life. Jose flew all the way from Brazil to meet 10-year-old Finley Hill who was searching for a life-saving donor to cure a rare immune disease.

Finley and his family appeared on the show to share the news that he has now been cured. A pre-recorded message from Jose was then shown, before Phillip revealed he had been flown from Brazil to meet them in the studio.

And viewers were loving the sweet moment, taking to Twitter to share their reaction. @jmclean514 said: "What a beautiful story in real time. Brought tears to my eyes. This just goes to show that there's kindness in humankind" and @RachelWalker35 said: "I was in tears! Beautiful. Well done."

READ NEXT:Torquay guesthouse owner falls to his death while urinating in garden

@debbuecoates65 also added: "Awww well done this morning you made me cry." and @BushraA89302368 said: "So adorable! What a truly extraordinary story"

Finley Hill first appeared on This Morning in summer 2019 as he searched for a stem cell donor to cure a rare immune disease.

Following his appearance, Finley had a transplant in the November and since then has gone from strength-to-strength with the This Morning team following his journey all the way.

Talking on the programme about Jose saving her son's life, mum Jo said: "Thank you is never going to be enough. How do you thank the person that has saved your world? So thankfully, he's sent messages back and he's the most humble, beautiful man."

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This Morning viewers 'in tears' after boy meets donor who saved his life - Devon Live

A five-year-old boy has raised over 500 for charity after losing his best friend.

Rowan Lyons took part in five 2k junior park runs to honour the youngster who lost her battle with brain cancer this year. Rowan's best friend, Sophie Welburn, was diagnosed with a rare and aggressive brain tumour in July, last year, when she was just four-years-old, Chronicle Live reports.

She was given nine months to live after her diagnoses and lost her battle with the disease in March. The pair met in September at Abbey Infant School, on Cleveland Terrace in Darlington, where they became best friends.

READ MORE: Developer's legal claim against council over failed snow centre project ends

After Sophie's death, young Rowan decided to complete park runs to honour each year of the youngsters short life. The schoolboy has raised 502 for brain tumour research.

Rowan said: "I felt really sad when Sophie died, and I miss my best friend. I wanted to do something good, and I like running. I felt very tired afterwards."

Despite Sophies illness, she continued to go to school until March, this year. Sophie's condition quickly deteriorated and on March 18 she died peacefully at home with her loving family by her side.

Rowans mum, Marianne Lyons, said: "My husband, Rob, and I are really proud of him. We still talk about Sophie, and the fundraising has helped Rowan to understand what has happened."

Sophie was diagnosed with a brain tumour known as a diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). It forms in glial cells in a part of the brain stem called the pons.

The pons controls the nerves and muscles that help us perform basic but vital functions such as walking, talking, breathing and swallowing. A DIPG takes over this area of the brain and gradually stops these functions working.

Sophies Mum, Louise Wray, said: "Rowan didnt know Sophie was poorly and he embraced her like any other child. Although Sophie only attended a few mornings each week when she was well enough to, Rowan would wait for her by the door of the classroom.

"They were so close, she even made him a Valentines card." Sophies dad, Chris Welburn, added: "Sophie and Rowan were such good friends, and I think what hes done is so lovely.

"He is a little superstar. I think Sophie would be so proud of Rowan, and she would be cheering him on."

According to Brain Tumour Research, brain tumours kill more children and adults under the age of 40 than any other cancer. Yet historically, just 1% of the national spend on cancer research has been allocated to the disease.

Brain Tumour Research funds sustainable research at dedicated centres in the UK. It also campaigns for the Government and the larger cancer charities to invest more research into brain tumours in order to speed up new treatments for patients and find a cure.

Matthew Price, community development manager at Brain Tumour Research, said: "We also think Rowan is a superstar, and were really grateful to him as its only with the support of people like him that were able to progress our research into brain tumours and improve the outcome for patients like Sophie who are forced to fight this awful disease.

"Unlike many other cancers, brain tumours are indiscriminate. They can affect anyone at any time. Too little is known about the causes and that is why increased investment in research is vital."

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'I miss my best friend': Five-year-old runs 10k to honour girl who died from rare brain tumour - Teesside Live

A sub-analysis of the Phase 3 LIVE-AIR study of lenzilumab showed a strong correlation between C-reactive protein (CRP) and outcomes with lenzilumab treatment with the greatest clinical benefit experienced by patients with baseline CRP<150 mg/L

In these patients, likelihood of survival without mechanical ventilation (SWOV) was achieved in 90% of LIVE-AIR patients treated with lenzilumab plus standard of care compared to 79% treated with placebo plus standard of care, which was highly statistically significant (HR 2.54, p=0.0009)

Lenzilumab-treated patients had a 62% relative reduction in the risk of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (OR=0.38; p=0.0053)

SHORT HILLS, N.J., July 07, 2022--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Humanigen, Inc. (Nasdaq: HGEN) ("Humanigen"), a late-stage clinical biopharmaceutical company focused on preventing and treating an immune hyper-response called cytokine storm, today announced a peer-reviewed publication in Thorax, one of the worlds leading respiratory medicine journals and the official journal of the British Thoracic Society, describing the role of CRP in identifying patients that derive the greatest benefit of lenzilumab. Participants in the LIVE-AIR study with baseline CRP <150 mg/L treated with lenzilumab demonstrated a 62% reduction in the relative risk of invasive mechanical ventilation and death compared to placebo.1

"A growing body of scientific evidence links CRP levels and response to certain immunomodulatory therapies, suggesting an important role of CRP as a biomarker to guide treatment of COVID-19," said Dale Chappell, M.D., Chief Scientific Officer, Humanigen. "These data demonstrate the importance of selecting the right treatment for the right patient at the right time which can be guided by the widely available biomarker CRP. These data are important because they demonstrate the utility of early neutralization of GM-CSF, an upstream driver of the cytokine storm cascade which can prevent downstream production of IL-6, IL-1, and markers of systemic inflammation including CRP, resulting in better patient outcomes."

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Lenzilumab improved clinical outcomes in hospitalized non-mechanically ventilated hypoxic COVID-19 patients.2 The greatest benefit was observed in those with a CRP level below 150 mg/L in the LIVE-AIR study. In this sub-analysis, lenzilumab improved the likelihood of SWOV compared with placebo (HR: 2.54; p=0.0009), demonstrated reduced odds (OR 0.38; p=0.0053) and a 62% reduction in the relative risk of progressing to mechanical ventilation or death in lenzilumab-treated patients, there were more ventilator-free days (p=0.0045), fewer ICU days (p=0.0458), and improved time-to-recovery (p=0.0219).1

"We believe data from our LIVE-AIR study provides a compelling argument for utilizing CRP as a biomarker to identify hospitalized patients for whom lenzilumab may provide the greatest benefit and we look forward to results of the NIHs ACTIV-5/BET-B study of lenzilumab, which is designed to confirm this approach," stated Dr. Cameron Durrant, Chairman and CEO, Humanigen. "Following consultation with the FDA, Humanigen expects that if the ACTIV-5/BET-B study is positive, which has its primary analysis focused on patients with CRP <150mg/L, it would be sufficient to support an Emergency Use Authorization submission to FDA."

Lenzilumab is an investigational product and is not approved or authorized in any country.

About Lenzilumab

Lenzilumab is a proprietary Humaneered first-in-class monoclonal antibody that has been proven to neutralize GM-CSF, a cytokine of critical importance in the hyperinflammatory cascade, sometimes referred to as cytokine release syndrome, or cytokine storm, associated with COVID-19 and other indications. Lenzilumab binds to and neutralizes GM-CSF, potentially improving outcomes for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Humanigen believes that GM-CSF neutralization with lenzilumab also has the potential to reduce the hyper-inflammatory cascade known as cytokine release syndrome common to chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy and acute Graft versus Host Disease (aGvHD).

In CAR-T, lenzilumab successfully achieved the pre-specified primary endpoint at the recommended dose in a Phase 1b study with Yescarta in which the overall response rate was 100% and no patient experienced severe cytokine release syndrome or severe neurotoxicity. Based on these results, Humanigen plans to test lenzilumab in a randomized, multicenter, potentially registrational, Phase 3 study ("SHIELD") to evaluate its efficacy and safety when combined with Yescarta and Tecartus CAR-T therapies in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Lenzilumab will also be tested to assess its ability to prevent and/or treat aGvHD in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

A study of lenzilumab is also underway for patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) exhibiting RAS pathway mutations. This study builds on evidence from a Phase 1 study, conducted by Humanigen, that showed RAS mutations are associated with hyper-proliferative features, which may be sensitive to GM-CSF neutralization.

About Humanigen

Humanigen, Inc. (Nasdaq: HGEN) ("Humanigen"), is a late-stage clinical biopharmaceutical company focused on preventing and treating an immune hyper-response called cytokine storm. Lenzilumab is a first-in class antibody that binds to and neutralizes granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Results from preclinical models indicate GM-CSF is an upstream regulator of many inflammatory cytokines and chemokines involved in the cytokine storm. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, investigation showed high levels of GM-CSF secreting T cells were associated with disease severity and intensive care unit admission. Humanigens Phase 3 LIVE-AIR study suggests early intervention with lenzilumab may prevent consequences of a full-blown cytokine storm in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Humanigen is developing lenzilumab as a treatment for cytokine storm associated with COVID-19 and CD19-targeted CAR-T cell therapies and is also exploring the effectiveness of lenzilumab in other inflammatory conditions such as acute Graft versus Host Disease in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, eosinophilic asthma, and rheumatoid arthritis. For more information, visit http://www.humanigen.com and follow Humanigen on LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook.

Forward-Looking Statements

All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this press release are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect management's current knowledge, assumptions, judgment, and expectations regarding future performance or events. Although management believes that the expectations reflected in such statements are reasonable, they give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct, and you should be aware that actual events or results may differ materially from those contained in the forward- looking statements. Words such as "will," "expect," "intend," "plan," "potential," "possible," "goals," "accelerate," "continue," and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements regarding the potential clinical benefits of lenzilumab, statements pertaining to the sufficiency of results from ACTIV-5/BET-B to support an amended EUA submission; statements regarding the SHIELD, aGvHD, and CMML studies, and other statements regarding improving the safety and efficacy of CAR-T and our plans relating to lenzilumab.

Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties including, but not limited to, the risks inherent in our lack of profitability and need for additional capital to grow our business; our dependence on partners to further the development of our product candidates; the uncertainties inherent in the development, attainment of the requisite regulatory authorizations and approvals and launch of any new pharmaceutical product; the outcome of pending or future litigation; and the various risks and uncertainties described in the "Risk Factors" sections of our latest annual and quarterly reports and other filings with the SEC.

All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary notice. You should not rely upon any forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements made in this press release to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof, to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, in each case, except as required by law.

References

Temesgen, Z. et al. (2022). C-reactive protein, a biomarker for early lenzilumab treatment of COVID-19, improves efficacy: a sub-analysis of the randomized phase 3 LIVE-AIR trial. Thorax. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2022-218744

Temesgen, Z. et al. (2021). Lenzilumab in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (LIVE-AIR): a phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00494-X

Humaneered is a trademark of Humanigen, Inc.Yescarta and Tecartus are trademarks of Gilead Sciences, Inc., or its related companies.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220706005311/en/

Contacts

Humanigen Investor Relations Ken TrbovichHumanigentrbo@humanigen.com 650-410-3206

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Humanigen Announces Peer-Reviewed Publication in Thorax Supporting Early Treatment of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Lenzilumab Guided by...

GlobalData UK Ltd

Novartis AG has the highest number of thyroid cancer drugs in development

LONDON, July 05, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The Thyroid Cancer Drugs in Development by Stages, Target, MoA, RoA, Molecule Type and Key Players, 2022 Update report offered by GlobalData Plc provides comprehensive information on the therapeutics under development for thyroid cancer (oncology), complete with analysis by stage of development, drug target, mechanism of action (MoA), route of administration (RoA) and molecule type. The guide covers the descriptive pharmacological action of the therapeutics, its complete research and development history, and the latest news and press releases. It also reviews key players involved in therapeutic development for thyroid cancer and features dormant and discontinued projects.

Leading Companies in the Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products Market

Novartis AG: It is a healthcare company that provides drugs for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, dermatological conditions, neurological disorders, ophthalmic and respiratory diseases, immune disorders, and infections, among others.

Advenchen Laboratories LLC: It is a pharmaceutical company that conducts research and develops small molecule cancer drug discovery programs. It provides pipeline such as angiogenesis inhibitors and small molecule protein tyrosine kinases inhibitors, among others.

Loxo Oncology Inc: It is a biopharmaceutical company that carries out the development of targeted small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of cancer.

AstraZeneca Plc: It is a biopharmaceutical company, which develops products related to therapy areas such as respiratory, cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic diseases, cancer, autoimmune, infection, and neurological diseases.

Pfizer Inc: It offers products to treat various conditions such as cardiovascular, metabolic and pain, cancer, inflammation, immune disorders, and rare diseases.

Some Other Companies Covered in the Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products Market Report

F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd

CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Ltd

Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co Ltd

Merck & Co Inc

AffyImmune Therapeutics Inc

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Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products Market Analysis, by Leading Companies

To know about more leading thyroid cancer pipeline product companies, download a sample report

Key Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products Market Segment Highlights

The thyroid cancer pipeline products market report is segmented by target, MoA, RoA, and molecule type.

Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products Market Segment Analysis by Target

Proto Oncogene Tyrosine Protein Kinase Receptor Ret

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2

Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase B Raf

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3

Others

Number of Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products, by Target

Download a sample report for detailed target insights on thethyroid cancer pipeline products market

Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products Market Segment Analysis by MoA

Proto Oncogene Tyrosine Protein Kinase Receptor Ret Inhibitor

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Inhibitor

Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase B Raf Inhibitor

Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Antagonist

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 Inhibitor

Mast/Stem Cell Growth Factor Receptor Kit Inhibitor

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor

Others

Number of Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products, by MoA

Download a sample report for detailed MoA insights on thethyroid cancer pipeline products market

Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products Market Segment Analysis by RoA

Oral

Intravenous

Subcutaneous

Intratumor

Intravenous Drip

Parenteral

Others

Number of Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products, by RoA

Download a sample report for detailed RoA insights on thethyroid cancer pipeline products market

Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products Market Segment Analysis by Molecule Type

Number of Thyroid cancer Pipeline Products, by Molecule Type

Download a sample report for detailed molecule type insights on thethyroid cancer pipeline products market

Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products Market Report Scope

The pipeline guide provides a snapshot of the global therapeutic landscape of thyroid cancer (oncology).

The pipeline guide reviews pipeline therapeutics for thyroid cancer (oncology) by companies and universities/research institutes based on information derived from company and industry-specific sources.

The pipeline guide covers pipeline products based on several stages of development ranging from pre-registration till discovery and undisclosed stages.

The pipeline guide features descriptive drug profiles for the pipeline products which comprise, product description, descriptive licensing and collaboration details, R&D brief, MoA & other developmental activities.

The pipeline guide reviews key companies involved in thyroid cancer (oncology) therapeutics and enlists all their major and minor projects.

The pipeline guide evaluates thyroid cancer (oncology) therapeutics based on mechanism of action (MoA), drug target, route of administration (RoA) and molecule type.

The pipeline guide encapsulates all the dormant and discontinued pipeline projects.

The pipeline guide reviews the latest news related to pipeline therapeutics for thyroid cancer (oncology)

Reasons to Buy

Procure strategically important competitor information, analysis, and insights to formulate effective R&D strategies.

Recognize emerging players with potentially strong product portfolios and create effective counter-strategies to gain a competitive advantage.

Find and recognize significant and varied types of therapeutics under development for thyroid cancer (oncology).

Classify potential new clients or partners in the target demographic.

Develop tactical initiatives by understanding the focus areas of leading companies.

Plan mergers and acquisitions meritoriously by identifying key players and their most promising pipeline therapeutics.

Formulate corrective measures for pipeline projects by understanding thyroid cancer (oncology) pipeline depth and focus of Indication therapeutics.

Develop and design in-licensing and out-licensing strategies by identifying prospective partners with the most attractive projects to enhance and expand business potential and scope.

Adjust the therapeutic portfolio by recognizing discontinued projects and understanding from the know-how what drove them from the pipeline.

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Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products Market Overview

Targets

Proto Oncogene Tyrosine Protein Kinase Receptor Ret, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2, Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase B Raf, Programmed Cell Death Protein 1, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3, and Others

Mechanisms of Action

Proto Oncogene Tyrosine Protein Kinase Receptor Ret Inhibitor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Inhibitor, Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase B Raf Inhibitor, Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Antagonist, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 Inhibitor, Mast/Stem Cell Growth Factor Receptor Kit Inhibitor, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor, and Others

Routes of Administration

Oral, Subcutaneous, Intravenous, Intratumor, Intravenous Drip, Parenteral, and Others

Molecule Types

Small Molecule, Monoclonal Antibody, Cell Therapy, Recombinant Protein, Synthetic Peptide, Gene-Modified Cell Therapy, Monoclonal Antibody Conjugated, and Others

Leading Companies

Novartis AG, Advenchen Laboratories LLC, Loxo Oncology Inc, AstraZeneca Plc, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pfizer Inc, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Ltd, Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co Ltd, Merck & Co Inc, AffyImmune Therapeutics Inc, and Others

FAQs

What are the key targets in the thyroid cancer pipeline products market? The key targets in the thyroid cancer pipeline products market are Proto Oncogene Tyrosine Protein Kinase Receptor Ret, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2, Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase B Raf, Programmed Cell Death Protein 1, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3, and others.

What are the key mechanisms of action in the thyroid cancer pipeline products market?Some of the mechanisms of action of the thyroid cancer pipeline products market are Proto Oncogene Tyrosine Protein Kinase Receptor Ret Inhibitor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Inhibitor, Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase B Raf Inhibitor, Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Antagonist, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 Inhibitor, Mast/Stem Cell Growth Factor Receptor Kit Inhibitor, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor, and others.

What are the routes of administration in the thyroid cancer pipeline products market?The routes of administration in the thyroid cancer pipeline products market are oral, subcutaneous, intravenous, intratumor, intravenous drip, parenteral, and others.

What are the molecule types in the thyroid cancer pipeline products market?The molecule types in the thyroid cancer pipeline products market are small molecule, monoclonal antibody, cell therapy, recombinant protein, synthetic peptide, gene-modified cell therapy, monoclonal antibody conjugated, and others.

Which are the leading companies in the thyroid cancer pipeline products market?Some of the key companies in the thyroid cancer pipeline products market are Novartis AG, Advenchen Laboratories LLC, Loxo Oncology Inc, AstraZeneca Plc, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pfizer Inc, CSPC Pharmaceutical Group Ltd, Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co Ltd, Merck & Co Inc, AffyImmune Therapeutics Inc, and others.

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

Introduction

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Novartis AG, AstraZeneca Plc, and Pfizer Inc Among Leading Companies in the Thyroid Cancer Pipeline Products Market | Globaldata Plc - Yahoo Finance

I enjoy a good streaming service, be it Netflix, Disney+, or Amazon Prime. Admittedly, one of my favorite places to log in, and the stream is from my bed. However, one thing Im not guilty of is falling asleep while catching up on the latest episode of Squid Game. In fact, it appears that I was protecting my longevity when doing this, as a new study has revealed that falling asleep in front of the TV could lead to an early death.

The study, published in Sleep, set out to find a link between late at night activities in older adults in the U.S. and its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. For the study, researchers from the Northwestern School of Medicine examined the impact of ambient light on the health and sleeping habits of 552 people between the ages of 63 and 84.

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The findings revealed that participants who slept under ambient light were more likely to experience hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance in the morning. In fact, 17.8% of the participants who slept with the TV on suffered from diabetes, compared to only 9.8% who didnt sleep with the TV on. Also, 40.7% of participants who slept under ambient light were obese, compared to the 26.7 who were also obese but slept in darkness.

For the team, the results of the study can be linked back to the fact that sleeping under ambient light affects glucose regulation, and insulin resistance has been associated with Type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension.

According to a previous study published in PLOS Medicine, extreme obesity can shorten your lifespan by 14 years. Additionally, research has also found that people with type 2 diabetes, on average, have a shorter life expectancy of about 10 years.

In addition to the aforementioned findings, the study also revealed that participants who fell asleep in ambient light were more likely to stay awake later and then sleep later the next day.

We know late sleepers tend to also have a higher risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, Lead researcher Phyllis Zee told CNN.The saying the early bird catches the worm is anything but a common expression. In fact, one 2018 study suggested that night owls have a 10% heightened risk of early mortality.

People should do their best to avoid or minimize the amount of light they are exposed to during sleep, Phyllis Zee, CNN

Its not just your TV habits that are a cause for concern at night, as any screen that emits blue light can affect your sleep health, which in turn can compromise your longevity. If youre worried about your devices affecting your sleep hygiene, then heres how you can safely use your tech at night.

Tech at night tips:

At 46 years old, Eva Longoria is truly the embodiment of health and wellness. As the years go by, the Desperate Housewives actress continues to prioritize her longevity. In fact, she recently shared two health habits that had changed in her 40s, and these two could be the key to why shes aging so well: eating well and sleeping well.

Kitahara, C. M., Flint, A. J., Berrington de Gonzalez, A., Bernstein, L., et al. (2014). Association between class III obesity (BMI of 40-59 kg/m2) and mortality: a pooled analysis of 20 prospective studies.PLoS medicine,11(7), e1001673. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001673

Kim, M., Vu, T. H., Maas, M. B., Braun, R. I., Wolf, M. S., Roenneberg, T., Daviglus, M. L., Reid, K. J., & Zee, P. C. (2022). Light at night in older age is associated with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.Sleep, zsac130. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac130

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Falling Asleep With The TV On Is Affecting Your Longevity - Longevity LIVE - Longevity LIVE