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The Gamida Cell-Teva Joint Venture Concludes Enrollment for the Phase III Study of StemEx®, a Cord Blood Stem Cell …

February 13th, 2012 9:42 pm

JERUSALEM--(BUSINESS WIRE)--

Gamida Cell announced today that the Gamida Cell-Teva Joint Venture (JV), equally held by Gamida Cell and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, has enrolled the last of 100 patients in the international, multi-center, pivotal registration, Phase III clinical trial of StemEx, a cell therapy product in development as an alternative therapeutic treatment for adolescents and adults, with blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma, who cannot find a family related, matched bone marrow donor.

StemEx is a graft of an expanded population of stem/progenitor cells, derived from part of a single unit of umbilical cord blood and transplanted by IV administration along with the remaining, non-manipulated cells from the same unit.

Dr. Yael Margolin, president and chief executive officer of Gamida Cell, said, "The JV is planning to announce the safety and efficacy results of the Phase III StemEx trial in 2012 and to launch the product into the market in 2013. It is our hope that StemEx will provide the answer for the thousands of leukemia and lymphoma patients unable to find a matched, related bone marrow donor.”

Dr. Margolin continued, “StemEx may be the first allogeneic cell therapy to be brought to market. This is a source of pride for Gamida Cell, as it further confirms the company’s leadership as a pioneer in cell therapy. In addition to StemEx, Gamida Cell is developing a diverse pipeline of products for the treatment of cancer, hematological diseases such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia, as well as autoimmune and metabolic diseases and conditions helped by regenerative medicine.”

About Gamida Cell

Gamida Cell is a world leader in stem cell population expansion technologies and stem cell therapy products for transplantation and regenerative medicine. The company’s pipeline of stem cell therapy products are in development to treat a wide range of conditions including blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma, solid tumors, non-malignant hematological diseases such as hemoglobinopathies, acute radiation syndrome, autoimmune diseases and metabolic diseases as well as conditions that can be helped by regenerative medicine. Gamida Cell’s therapeutic candidates contain populations of adult stem cells, selected from non-controversial sources such as umbilical cord blood, which are expanded in culture. Gamida Cell was successful in translating these proprietary expansion technologies into robust and validated manufacturing processes under GMP. Gamida Cell’s current shareholders include: Elbit Imaging, Clal Biotechnology Industries, Israel Healthcare Venture, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Amgen, Denali Ventures and Auriga Ventures. For more information, please visit: http://www.gamida-cell.com.

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Study looks at whether stem cells in cord blood might repair hearing loss in kids

February 13th, 2012 1:41 am

TORONTO - Researchers have been given the go-ahead to test stem cells from cord blood with the ultimate goal of reversing hearing loss in infants and toddlers whose inner ears have been damaged.

U.S. regulators have approved the Phase I study, which has a primary objective of determining the safety of the experimental stem cell therapy.

The therapy involves transfusing a baby's own stem cells from umbilical cord blood, banked by parents after their child's birth. Ten children aged six weeks to 18 months old with sensorineural hearing loss will be recruited for the study by doctors at Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital in Houston.

"We're looking more at the ones that suffer an injury around birth or shortly after birth," said Dr. Samer Fakhri, a specialist in head and neck surgery and principal investigator of the study.

Fakhri, a Montreal native who received his medical training at McGill University, said such injuries to the inner ear can be caused by viral infections and even some medications.

Sensorineural hearing impairment occurs when structures in the inner ear or the nerve pathways between the inner ear and the brain are damaged. The critical structure in the inner ear is the snail-shell-shaped cochlea, which contains "hair cells" that gather electrical signals, which are transferred to the brain and perceived as sound.

A child with this kind of hearing loss can suffer significant impairment, Fakhri said from Houston. "You may hear parts of sounds. You may not hear the sounds at all, or you may hear very faint sounds.

"If they lose hearing at four weeks or five weeks due to a viral infection" — meningitis is a common cause — "we know that there is a tremendous impact," he said.

"There's a lot of research that has been done in child development that has determined that there's really a critical window for children to develop speech, language and social development, and it's probably in the first 18 months."

The idea for the trial was triggered by a 2008 study by European scientists, who infused human cord blood into laboratory mice with induced sensorineural hearing loss. An examination of the treated animals about two months later showed "inner ear organization and structure were basically restored," said Fakhri.

"That was the study that was a proof of concept ... That was such a dramatic result."

Fakhri said the exact role of the stem cells in the repair of damaged tissue in the mice isn't known, but there are a couple of theories.

Stem cells can give rise to many different types of cells in the body, so it may be they effect the repair by regenerating lost hair cells. But a more recent theory suggests that stem cells may go to the site of injury and set off the body's innate repair mechanisms.

"In that sense, they play more of a supporting role," he said.

While regenerating tissues is the great hope of stem cells — and they do appear to hold a lot of promise — the idea that they could restore damaged hearing in humans is still speculative, doctors say.

"This study is really very, very preliminary," said Dr. Robert Harrison, a professor of head and neck surgery at the University of Toronto.

"That's the safety issue," he said, stressing that the FDA-approved study must first ensure the stem cells do no harm to patients. Figuring out if they actually work to repair the organ of hearing would have to be proven in subsequent trials.

"We're a long way from looking at the possible therapeutic value of this in terms of restoring some sort of hearing," said Harrison, a senior scientist at the Hospital for Sick Children and a director of the Hearing Foundation of Canada.

"It's a very theoretical concept, and in my opinion it's not going to happen soon."

Current treatment of sensorineural hearing loss in young children is pretty well restricted to hearing aids or cochlear implants, surgically implanted electronic devices, Fakhri said. Both are used to amplify any residual hearing.

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Colorado panel tasked with weighing eco-devo projects, doling out incentives

February 13th, 2012 1:41 am

Dick Monfort. (Karl Gehring | The Denver Post)

Over the next few months, nine men will decide which projects get funding under a state law created in 2009 to bring new visitors to Colorado.

They are the members of the Colorado Economic Development Commission, which approves loans and grants from the state's economic-development fund to help businesses expand and to attract new companies to Colorado.

Now they are responsible for determining which two projects, if any, are eligible to receive up to a combined $50 million a year in state sales-tax rebates.

Five commission members are appointed by the governor, two by the president of the Senate and two by the speaker of the House. They come from across the state and represent a variety of industries, including banking, real estate and law.

"The commission has good representation statewide," said member Dwayne Romero. "It's not just a Denver-centric composition. That's going to give a broader perspective and will help to enliven the conversation and discussion that will occur leading up to the recommendations."

The applicants for the incentives include Aurora, for a proposed 1,500-room hotel and conference center; Douglas County, for a prehistoric-archaeology museum and sports complex; Glendale, for an outdoor riverwalk entertainment complex; Pueblo, for a downtown riverwalk area that would include a bull-riding training center and an expanded convention center; Estes Park, to redevelop and renovate Elkhorn Lodge and build a 50-acre, year-round adventure park; and Montrose County, which is proposing 141 tourism and commercial projects.

Here's who will decide which projects, if any, receive the Regional Tourism Act incentives:

Dick Monfort - Chairman

Since Monfort took control of the Colorado Rockies in 2005, the ballclub's attendance has increased 50 percent and revenue has risen every year. Before taking over the Rockies, the Greeley businessman spent 25 years in the cattle business.

Monfort also owns the Hyatt Grand Champions Hotel in Palm Springs, Calif., and Hilltop Steak House in Boston. He helped launch the Montera Cattle Co. in 1996 and, a year later, the first Brett Favre Steak House in Milwaukee.

Don Elliman

Colorado's former economic-development chief is now executive director of the Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology. Now, he'll also serve as interim chancellor of the University of Colorado Denver and Anschutz Medical Campus.

Elliman's career has covered a broad spectrum. He was publisher of Sports Illustrated and People, president of Kroenke Sports Enterprises and chairman of the board of Children's Hospital Colorado.

Howard Gelt

As an attorney with Polsinelli Shugart specializing in commercial real estate, Gelt represents landlords and tenants in lease transactions, property management, listing agreements and tenant-improvement contracts.

Gelt serves on the boards of the Metropolitan Denver Economic Development Corp., the North Metro Denver Chamber of Commerce, Coloradans for Smart Transit and the Morgan's Subdivision Historic District Association.

Dick Robinson

Robinson and his brother Eddie formed Robinson Dairy in 1975, when they bought the assets of Roberts Dairy. They sold the company to Dean Foods in 1999 but still serve as co-chief executives.

A fourth-generation Denver native, Dick Robinson was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army and served on active duty in the field artillery for two years. He serves on the boards of the Denver Art Museum, HCA-HealthONE and Regis University.

Wellington Webb

Webb served three terms as Denver's mayor from 1991 to 2003.

During his tenure, Denver International Airport opened; people began moving back to downtown Denver; and the Central Platte Valley was redeveloped, with Coors Field, the Pepsi Center, Elitch Gardens and a new Broncos stadium. He also persuaded voters to approve a $300 million expansion to the Colorado Convention Center, which opened in December 2004, and led tough, successful negotiations for a nearby hotel.

He founded Webb Group International in October 2003 .

Dwayne Romero

Romero, a Snowmass real estate developer, served a brief stint as executive director of the Colorado Office of Economic Development and International Trade.

He is president of Related Snowmass, a division of New York development and investment firm Related Cos., and manages a portfolio of commercial and lodging properties in Snowmass Village.

He is on the boards of the Aspen Historical Society and the Aspen Rotary Club.

Bill Sisson

A Grand Junction resident, Sisson retired at the end of 2009 from his position as senior regional president at American National Bank and director of Sturm Financial Group.

After serving in the U.S. Army, Sisson graduated with a finance degree from the University of Denver. Sisson is former chairman of the state Economic Development Commission and a member of the Government Affairs Committee of the Colorado Bankers Association.

Darius Allen

Allen was appointed to the Economic Development Commission last year, the first person from southern Colorado to serve on the panel since 2003. Allen has served four terms as a county commissioner, ranches and owns an insurance company.

J.J. Ament

Investment banker Ament gave up his post at Citigroup in 2009 for an unsuccessful run at the Republican nomination for state treasurer.

Born and raised on his family's ranch in Logan County, one of Ament's first jobs was representing farmers as executive director of the Colorado Association of Wheat Growers.

The Littleton resident currently is director of public finance at RBC Capital Markets.

Margaret Jackson: 303-954-1473 or mjackson@denverpost.com

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Gazette.Net: From Russia and the Redskins to fighting TB in Rockville

February 13th, 2012 1:41 am

Dan Gross/The Gazette While working for the Washington Redskins, ?I learned a lot about the management of a large team and a large budget,? says Marty Zug, CFO of Sequella in Rockville.

With career stops that included Russia and the Washington Redskins, it took Marty Zug a while to land at Rockville biotech Sequella.

But he has remained there for more than seven years, his longest stint with one employer by far.

Carol A. Nacy, CEO and chairwoman of Sequella, for one, is happy about that.

Zug, CFO at the biotech that is developing drugs to combat infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori, has become a force in lobbying for industry issues such as more funding for the state?s biotech investment tax credit program. That program has helped infuse Sequella and other biotechs with millions of dollars in much-needed capital.

?He?s been a huge addition to our company,? said Nacy, who co-founded Sequella with Chief Scientific Officer Leo Einck in 1997. ?He?s delightful to work with, smart, industrious. I?d like to clone him.?

Many CFOs can almost be exclusively number-crunchers. Not Zug. He makes friends easily and is not the kind of lobbyist who forcefully hammers home points, colleagues say.

?He really enjoys other people,? Nacy said. ?He gets along with legislators and other people in the biotech community. ... In Annapolis, he takes the time to explain the problem in clear terms.?

Steel roots

Zug grew up in Bethlehem, Pa., where his grandfather and uncle worked in the steel mills. At Lehigh University, he majored in economics and Russian studies, graduating summa cum laude. He spent his junior year studying in Moscow at the Russian Academy of Economics and became fluent in Russian.

?I took a trip there in 1987 when glasnost was one of the buzzwords,? said Zug, 42. ?I became fascinated with the country and the changes going on. I had always been interested in world affairs.?

After graduating in 1992, he moved to Russia without having a firm job offer.

?It wasn?t hard to find a job,? Zug said.

He ended up working as a project manager for Sea-Land CIS Logistics in Moscow and then as an investment officer with International Finance Corp., which has offices in Washington, D.C., and Moscow. With the latter company, Zug said, he structured and closed financing for deals worth more than $39 million in equity and $75 million in debt, and was part of the banking team that closed the first syndicated loan in Russia and the largest private financing of a Russian company in 1995.

He left International Finance in 1996 to earn a master?s of business administration at Dartmouth College in Hanover, N.H., graduating as an Edward Tuck Scholar in the top 15 percent of his class. Then came stints with Arthur Andersen in Washington, Snyder Communications in Bethesda and the Redskins.

As director of financial projects at Snyder Communications, Zug managed Wall Street corporate presentations, among other duties. The marketing firm was run by current Redskins owner Daniel M. Snyder of Potomac; it was sold to French advertising group Havas for more than $2 billion in 2000.

As a vice president with the Redskins for two years, Zug supervised a staff of 20 with a budget of more than $3 million, running the ticket office, as well as premium seating and stadium business.

?I learned a lot about the management of a large team and a large budget,? Zug said. ?I already was fairly strong in finance but got more exposure in sales and marketing.?

He then took a year off to help raise a newborn, working as an independent consultant on projects that included a $6.5 million sale of a Bahamian hotel. He also managed the Washington area?s bid for the 2008 Super Bowl. The NFL championship game typically is played in a warm-weather city or one with a domed stadium, but the local bid was strong enough to make Washington a finalist, with the game ending up in Arizona.

Russian pays off at Sequella

With Sequella, knowing Russian and having done business in that country paid dividends when Zug last year negotiated an out-license agreement with a Russian venture fund to develop a treatment for tuberculosis in the Russian Federation and neighboring countries. That agreement could be worth as much as $50 million.

Sequella?s lead drug, SQ109, targets tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The company also has significant activity working with Helicobacter pylori, which causes gastric ulcers and can help cause gastric cancer. Sequella is starting a phase 2a clinical trial for SQ109 in H. pylori at sites in Texas.

Zug, a member of the Tech Council of Maryland?s Government Relations Committee, has been a leader in growing the state?s biotech investment tax credit program, which has been run by the Department of Business and Economic Development since 2006. The program allows investors in qualifying companies to claim credits against state income taxes, while biotechs try to leverage the capital for more investment.

One of the tech council?s goals is to persuade lawmakers to increase the fund from $8 million annually, Zug said. The credits usually run out within the first hour or so that the program takes effect each July 1.

?We want to make sure this program remains a shining star and an example for other states? Zug said. ?It?s a great market-driven program that works.?

Other states, including Virginia, have implemented similar programs, he said. Last year, Rep. Christopher Van Hollen Jr. (D-Dist. 8) of Kensington sponsored the Innovative Technologies Investment Incentive Act, modeled on the Maryland tax credit program that would have allowed an investor in a biotech or high-tech company with fewer than 500 employees to claim a federal tax credit of 25 percent. But the legislation attracted only seven co-sponsors, including only one from Maryland, Rep. C.A. Dutch Ruppersberger (D-Dist. 2) of Cockeysville, and did not pass.

Besides lobbying for more tax credit funds in this year?s legislative session, which started in January and runs through April 9, Zug supports bills filed in both the House and Senate that would require that at least one-third of grants or loans awarded each year by the state?s Stem Cell Research Fund be awarded to for-profit companies with headquarters in Maryland. Most stem cell awards now go to either Johns Hopkins University or the University of Maryland, Baltimore, although in fiscal 2011, about 28 percent of awards went to collaborations with for-profit companies, including some in other states, according to a state legislative report.

Much of the success of the state?s biotech community?s efforts in Annapolis can be attributed to Zug, said Brian Levine, vice president of government relations with the tech council in Rockville, who has worked closely with him.

?He is a good leader, very organized and always provides thoughtful ideas,? Levine said.

As venture capital has dried up, programs such as the tax credit have become that much more important to growing biotechs, Zug said. Biotechs are fortunate to have the support that Maryland and entities such as the National Institutes of Health lend, he said. Sequella usually submits about eight grant applications per year to NIH, which funds two or three, Zug said.

?You will be hard-pressed to find another state doing as much as Maryland,? he said.

Marty Zug

Age: 42.

Position: CFO, Sequella, Rockville.

Previous position: Vice president, Washington Redskins.

Education: Master?s of business administration, Dartmouth College, Edward Tuck Scholar; bachelor?s in finance and Russian studies, Lehigh University.

Residence: McLean, Va.

Family: Wife, Becky, and three children.

Hobbies: Travel, family activities.

kshay@gazette.net

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Stem cell tourism can be pricey and risky

February 13th, 2012 1:40 am

Published: Feb. 11, 2012 at 1:56 AM

TORONTO, Feb. 11 (UPI) -- Increasing numbers of Canadians are traveling to countries for stem cell treatments that are expensive and unproven, which may be risky, researchers said.

Dominique McMahon, a postdoctoral fellow at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto, said stem cell treatments are being marketed via the Internet in China, India, Mexico, Panama, Thailand and Ukraine. In China alone, there are more than 200 hospitals offering stem cell therapies.

One Canadian couple traveled to Shenyang, China, in 2007 for multiple system atrophy. For $30,000, along with travel and living expenses for her and husband, the woman received four weeks of treatment consisting of six stem cell injections as well as acupuncture and physiotherapy five to six times per week.

The facility offers to arrange treatment for a wide variety of conditions, including ataxia, brain injury, cerebral palsy, diabetic foot disease, lower limb ischemia, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, spinal cord injury and optic nerve damage, McMahon said.

The Stem Cell Network said stem cells are used effectively in Canada only for bone marrow transplants, skin grafting and treating blood diseases, McMahon added.

"In some cases, it is not clear what is being injected," McMahon said in a statement. "Some facilities use a patient's own stem cells, while others use embryonic or fetal cells, which can create a risk of rejection. There's no proof of safety and efficacy. The quality of facilities varies. The protocols are poorly documented and not available to the patients. Even in the best-case scenarios, the doctor doesn't know whether it's safe or efficacious because of a lack of data."

The findings were published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal.

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Salk Scientists Use an Old Theory to Discover New Targets in the Fight Against Breast Cancer

February 13th, 2012 1:40 am

Similarities between genetic signatures in developing organs and breast cancer could predict and personalize cancer therapies

Newswise — La Jolla, CA---- Reviving a theory first proposed in the late 1800s that the development of organs in the normal embryo and the development of cancers are related, scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have studied organ development in mice to unravel how breast cancers, and perhaps other cancers, develop in people. Their findings provide new ways to predict and personalize the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

In a paper published February 3 in Cell Stem Cell, the scientists report striking similarities between genetic signatures found in certain types of human breast cancer and those of stem cells in breast tissue in mouse embryos. These findings suggest that cancer cells subvert key genetic programs that guide immature cells to build organs during normal growth.

"Stem cells in a healthy developing embryo have a GPS system to alert them about their position in the organ," says Geoffrey Wahl, a professor in Salk's Gene Expression Laboratory, who led the research. "The system depends on internal instructions and external signals from the environment to tell the stem cell what to do and where to go in the body. It stimulates the stem cells to grow and form more stem cells, or to change into different cells that form complex organs, such as the breast. Our findings tell us that this GPS system is broken during cancer development, and that may explain why we detect stem-like cells in breast cancers."

The relationship between cancer and embryonic tissues was first proposed in the 1870s by Francesco Durante and Julius Cohnheim, who thought that cancers originated from cells in adults that persist in an immature, embryonic-like state. More recently, scientists including Benjamin Spike, a co-first author on the current work and post-doctoral fellow in the Wahl lab, have discovered that tumors often contain cells with stem cell characteristics revealed by their genetic signatures.

As a result, many scientists and physicians are pursuing ways to destroy stem-like cells in cancer, since such cells may make cancer more resistant to treatment and may lead to cancer recurrence. The Salk scientists are now characterizing the stem-like cells in certain forms of breast cancer to arrest their growth.

Studying the genetic activity of organ-specific stem cells is very difficult because the cells are very rare, and it is hard to separate them from other cells in the organ. But, by focusing on tissue obtained from mouse embryos, the Salk researchers were able for the first time to identify and isolate a sufficiently large number of fetal breast stem cells to begin to understand how their GPS works.

The Salk scientists first made the surprising finding that these fetal breast stem cells were not fully functional until just prior to birth. This observation suggested that a very special landscape is needed for a cell to become a stem cell. The breast stem cells at this late embryonic stage were sufficiently abundant to simplify their isolation. This enabled their genetic signature to be determined, and then compared to that of the stem-like cells in breast cancers.

The signatures of the breast stem cells in the fetus were stunningly similar to the stem-like cells found in aggressive breast cancers, including a significant fraction of a virulent cancer subtype known as "triple-negative." This is important as this type of breast cancer has until now lacked the molecular targets useful for designing personalized therapeutic strategies.

"The cells that fuel the development of tumors in the adult are unlikely to 'invent' entirely new patterns of gene expression," says Benjamin Spike. "Instead, some cancer cells seem to reactivate and corrupt programs that govern fetal tissue stem cell function, including programs from their neighboring cells that constitute the surrounding fetal stem cell landscape, or microenvironment."

The discovery of the shared genetic signatures provides a new avenue for scientists to explore the links between development and cancer. By uncovering new biological markers, the scientists hope to develop tests that individualize treatment by showing how the GPS system of a tumor operates. This should help doctors to determine which patients may benefit from treatment, and the correct types of treatment to administer.

Doctors are already using drugs, such as Herceptin, that specifically target malfunctioning genetic pathways in tumors, but no such therapies are currently available for certain aggressive forms of the disease, such as the triple negative subtype.

Although triple negative cancer cells lack the three critical genetic markers that are currently used to guide breast cancer treatment, the scientists' analysis suggests a strong reliance on signaling through pathways similar to those that affect fetal breast stem cell growth.

They found that the fetal breast stem cells are sensitive to a class of targeted therapies that already exists, so these therapies might also work in triple negative breast cancers. Laboratory studies and clinical trials are currently underway to test this possibility.

"Substantial effort is being expended to personalize cancer treatment by gaining a better understanding of the genetics of an individual patient's cancer," Wahl says. "Our findings offer a way to discover new targets and new drugs for humans by studying the primitive stem cells in a mouse."

In addition to Spike, Dannielle Engle and Jennifer Lin, both postdoctoral researchers in Wahl's laboratory, were also co-first authors on the paper.

The research was sponsored by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the U.S. Department of Defense, the G. Harold & Leila Y. Mathers Foundation and Susan G. Komen for the Cure.
About the Salk Institute for Biological Studies:
The Salk Institute for Biological Studies is one of the world's preeminent basic research institutions, where internationally renowned faculty probe fundamental life science questions in a unique, collaborative, and creative environment. Focused both on discovery and on mentoring future generations of researchers, Salk scientists make groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of cancer, aging, Alzheimer's, diabetes and infectious diseases by studying neuroscience, genetics, cell and plant biology, and related disciplines.

Faculty achievements have been recognized with numerous honors, including Nobel Prizes and memberships in the National Academy of Sciences. Founded in 1960 by polio vaccine pioneer Jonas Salk, M.D., the Institute is an independent nonprofit organization and architectural landmark.

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Salk Scientists Use an Old Theory to Discover New Targets in the Fight Against Breast Cancer

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Scientists use old theory to discover new targets in fight against breast cancer

February 13th, 2012 1:40 am

ScienceDaily (Feb. 7, 2012) — Reviving a theory first proposed in the late 1800s that the development of organs in the normal embryo and the development of cancers are related, scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies have studied organ development in mice to unravel how breast cancers, and perhaps other cancers, develop in people. Their findings provide new ways to predict and personalize the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

In a paper published February 3 in Cell Stem Cell, the scientists report striking similarities between genetic signatures found in certain types of human breast cancer and those of stem cells in breast tissue in mouse embryos. These findings suggest that cancer cells subvert key genetic programs that guide immature cells to build organs during normal growth.

"Stem cells in a healthy developing embryo have a GPS system to alert them about their position in the organ," says Geoffrey Wahl, a professor in Salk's Gene Expression Laboratory, who led the research. "The system depends on internal instructions and external signals from the environment to tell the stem cell what to do and where to go in the body. It stimulates the stem cells to grow and form more stem cells, or to change into different cells that form complex organs, such as the breast. Our findings tell us that this GPS system is broken during cancer development, and that may explain why we detect stem-like cells in breast cancers."

The relationship between cancer and embryonic tissues was first proposed in the 1870s by Francesco Durante and Julius Cohnheim, who thought that cancers originated from cells in adults that persist in an immature, embryonic-like state. More recently, scientists including Benjamin Spike, a co-first author on the current work and post-doctoral fellow in the Wahl lab, have discovered that tumors often contain cells with stem cell characteristics revealed by their genetic signatures.

As a result, many scientists and physicians are pursuing ways to destroy stem-like cells in cancer, since such cells may make cancer more resistant to treatment and may lead to cancer recurrence. The Salk scientists are now characterizing the stem-like cells in certain forms of breast cancer to arrest their growth.

Studying the genetic activity of organ-specific stem cells is very difficult because the cells are very rare, and it is hard to separate them from other cells in the organ. But, by focusing on tissue obtained from mouse embryos, the Salk researchers were able for the first time to identify and isolate a sufficiently large number of fetal breast stem cells to begin to understand how their GPS works.

The Salk scientists first made the surprising finding that these fetal breast stem cells were not fully functional until just prior to birth. This observation suggested that a very special landscape is needed for a cell to become a stem cell. The breast stem cells at this late embryonic stage were sufficiently abundant to simplify their isolation. This enabled their genetic signature to be determined, and then compared to that of the stem-like cells in breast cancers.

The signatures of the breast stem cells in the fetus were stunningly similar to the stem-like cells found in aggressive breast cancers, including a significant fraction of a virulent cancer subtype known as "triple-negative." This is important as this type of breast cancer has until now lacked the molecular targets useful for designing personalized therapeutic strategies.

"The cells that fuel the development of tumors in the adult are unlikely to 'invent' entirely new patterns of gene expression," says Benjamin Spike. "Instead, some cancer cells seem to reactivate and corrupt programs that govern fetal tissue stem cell function, including programs from their neighboring cells that constitute the surrounding fetal stem cell landscape, or microenvironment."

The discovery of the shared genetic signatures provides a new avenue for scientists to explore the links between development and cancer. By uncovering new biological markers, the scientists hope to develop tests that individualize treatment by showing how the GPS system of a tumor operates. This should help doctors to determine which patients may benefit from treatment, and the correct types of treatment to administer.

Doctors are already using drugs, such as Herceptin, that specifically target malfunctioning genetic pathways in tumors, but no such therapies are currently available for certain aggressive forms of the disease, such as the triple negative subtype.

Although triple negative cancer cells lack the three critical genetic markers that are currently used to guide breast cancer treatment, the scientists' analysis suggests a strong reliance on signaling through pathways similar to those that affect fetal breast stem cell growth.

They found that the fetal breast stem cells are sensitive to a class of targeted therapies that already exists, so these therapies might also work in triple negative breast cancers. Laboratory studies and clinical trials are currently underway to test this possibility.

"Substantial effort is being expended to personalize cancer treatment by gaining a better understanding of the genetics of an individual patient's cancer," Wahl says. "Our findings offer a way to discover new targets and new drugs for humans by studying the primitive stem cells in a mouse."

In addition to Spike, Dannielle Engle and Jennifer Lin, both postdoctoral researchers in Wahl's laboratory, were also co-first authors on the paper.

The research was sponsored by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the U.S. Department of Defense, the G. Harold & Leila Y. Mathers Foundation and Susan G. Komen for the Cure.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Salk Institute for Biological Studies, via Newswise.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

Benjamin T. Spike, Dannielle D. Engle, Jennifer C. Lin, Samantha K. Cheung, Justin La, Geoffrey M. Wahl. A Mammary Stem Cell Population Identified and Characterized in Late Embryogenesis Reveals Similarities to Human Breast Cancer. Cell Stem Cell, 2012; 10 (2): 183 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2011.12.018

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

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U.S. begins stem cell trial for hearing loss

February 13th, 2012 1:40 am

WASHINGTON -- U.S. researchers have begun a groundbreaking trial to test the potential of umbilical cord blood transplants, a kind of stem cell therapy, to treat and possibly reverse hearing loss in infants.

The phase I trial follows promising studies on mice showing that such transplants were able to rebuild the structures of the inner ear, and some anecdotal evidence from humans, sparking hope of a cure for some forms of deafness.

One of those people is two-year-old Finn McGrath, who suffered brain damage after being deprived of oxygen during a prolonged and complicated delivery, according to his mother, Laura.

"His doctors told us he was at high risk for cerebral palsy, vision issues, hearing problems and mental retardation," she said in an interview with AFP.

Finn’s early days were an all-out struggle to survive, so for his parents, learning that he had failed his hearing tests and had damaged hair cells — the sensory receptors in the inner ear that pick up sounds — was almost an afterthought.

He had organ failure, breathing problems, and his cerebral palsy left him unable to roll, crawl or walk, hold his head up, talk or eat.

As his parents searched for ways to help him, they came upon stories online that told of studies using cord blood to help children with cerebral palsy and other disorders.

Prior to his birth, the McGraths had arranged to privately bank his umbilical cord blood, a procedure that costs around $2,000 plus storage fees, and remains controversial among pediatricians.

Private companies such as the Cord Blood Registry, which is funding the Texas study on hearing loss, urge expecting parents to bank their umbilical cord blood and reserve it for personal use as a way to protect their family.

That advice runs counter to the guidelines issues by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2007, which calls such claims "unsubstantiated" and says banking for personal or family use "should be discouraged" but is "encouraged" if it is to be stored in a bank for public use.

Since Finn’s parents had already banked his, they enrolled him in cord blood trial for cerebral palsy in North Carolina and he received his first transplant in November 2009 when he was about seven weeks old.

A second transfusion followed and by May, his parents began to notice a change.

Nighttime noises, like an alarm on his food pump or the sound of ripping medical tape, would suddenly startle him awake, his mother recalled.

"He started vocalizing sounds and we could tell that he was anticipating things that we would say. Like, if he had heard a story a number of times or a song, he would smile like he recognized the song or the story."

Finn had a third infusion in September 2010, when he was one year old. Four months later, an otoacoustic emissions test (OAE), which plays a sound and picks up vibrations in the cochlea and hair cells, came back normal.

The early hearing tests that showed hearing loss were not exactly the same as the later tests that came back normal, so McGrath is cautious about comparing them directly, but she believes the cord blood transfusions may have helped.

"All I can tell you is anecdotally he was not able to hear for probably the first three or four months of his life, and then when he was about six to eight months old, he started hearing."

The hearing trial in Texas aims to take a first step in testing the safety, and later the efficacy, of transfusing cord blood in children age six weeks to 18 months who have sustained post-birth sensorineural hearing loss.

Some reasons that children lose their hearing at or after birth may include oxygen deprivation, head injury, infection, strong doses of antibiotics or loud noises.

Sensorineural hearing loss affects approximately six per 1,000 children, and there is no available medical treatment. Hearing aids or cochlear implants are typically offered to boost the ability of the damaged tissues.

"Stem cell therapy may potentially repair the damaged structures of the inner ear and restore normal hearing," lead investigator Samer Fakhri told AFP.

"We are at the initial stages of this process and the results are looking promising," Fakhri added.

Research using stem cells in cord blood, known as hematopoietic cells, is already under way on some types of brain injury, cerebral palsy, juvenile diabetes, kidney and lung disease, he said.

The new study at Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center is being funded by the Cord Blood Registry, and those eligible must have already banked their own umbilical cord blood with CBR.

But to Stephen Epstein, an otolaryngologist in Maryland, that does not pose a conflict of interest, because separate medical institutions in Texas and Georgia are conducting the Food and Drug Administration-approved research.

"If both of them can reproduce the same results then I would say it has some validity to it," said Epstein, who is not involved in the study.

"This is certainly a welcome, acceptable experiment, but it should be looked at with caution and time will tell."

One patient is already enrolled and the study, which runs for one year, has room for nine more.

While Finn McGrath still faces many challenges due to his cerebral palsy, his mother is grateful for the things he can do.

"I don’t know how much worse off he would have been without the stem cell transfusion," McGrath said, pointing to his normal cognition, lack of seizures, good hearing and vision.

"We remain hopeful that he will continue to improve."

© Copyright (c) AFP

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U.S. begins stem cell trial for hearing loss

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Neurologic improvement detected in rats receiving stem cell transplant

February 13th, 2012 1:40 am

Public release date: 10-Feb-2012
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Contact: Vicki Bendure
vicki@bendurepr.com
202-374-9259
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine

DALLAS (February 10, 2012) ? In a study to be presented today at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine's annual meeting, The Pregnancy Meeting ?, in Dallas, Texas, researchers will report that early transplantation of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the lateral ventricles of neonatal rats with birth-related brain damage is possible, and that the donor cells can survive and migrate in the recipient's brain. The study was designed to have the rat's brain damage mimic brain injury in infants with very low birth weight.

One of the major causes of neonatal brain damage is preterm delivery. Despite enormous efforts to prevent it, brain injury accounts for a major part of the clinical problems experienced by survivors of premature birth. The enormity of this problem is indicated by the occurrence of: cognitive, behavioral, attention related and/or socialization deficits in twenty-five to fifty percent of cases in this group; and major motor deficits in five to ten percent of cases in this group.

The majority of neonatal encephalopathy cases are found in infants with a very low birth weight, and include both hypoxia-ischemia and inflammation, a double-hit. Approximately 63,000 infants are born in the United States with a very low birth weight (one to five percent of all live births). In order to understand the effect of such a double-hit insult in very premature infants, this study, Early Intracranial Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy After a Perinatal Rat Brain Damage, was undertaken to investigate the neuroprotective effects of mesenchymal stem cells therapy on postnatal rats, whose injury was designed to mimic brain injury in infants with a very low birth weight.

"Stem cells are a promising source for transplant after a brain injury because they have the ability to divide throughout life and grow into any one of the body's more than 200 cell types, which can contribute to the ability to renew and repair tissues," said Martin M?ller, MD, with the University of Bern, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bern, Switzerland, and one of the study's authors. "In our study, the donor cells survived, homed and migrated in the recipient brains and neurologic improvement was detected."

Assessment of the post-experiment brain damage indicated a neuroprotective effect of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and a combination of mesenchymal stem cell and erythropoietin (a modulator substance the subjects received on postnatal days six, seven and eight) therapy.

In addition to M?ller, the study was conducted by Andreina Schoeberlein, Ursula Reinhart, Ruth Sager and Marianne Messerli, University of Bern, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bern, Switzerland; and Daniel Surbek, University Hospital of Bern, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bern, Switzerland.

###

A copy of the abstract is available at http://www.smfmnewsroom.org/annual-meeting/2011-meeting-abstracts/. For interviews please contact Vicki Bendure at Vicki@bendurepr.com, 540-687-3360 (office) or 202-374-9259 (cell), or Jacqueline Boggess at jacqueline@bendurepr.com, 540-687-5399 (office) or 202-738-3054 (cell).

The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (est. 1977) is a non-profit membership group for obstetricians/gynecologists who have additional formal education and training in maternal-fetal medicine. The society is devoted to reducing high-risk pregnancy complications by providing continuing education to its 2,000 members on the latest pregnancy assessment and treatment methods. It also serves as an advocate for improving public policy, and expanding research funding and opportunities for maternal-fetal medicine. The group hosts an annual scientific meeting in which new ideas and research in the area of maternal-fetal medicine are unveiled and discussed. For more information, visit http://www.smfm.org or http://www.facebook.com/SocietyforMaternalFetalMedicine.

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Neurologic improvement detected in rats receiving stem cell transplant

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American CryoStem Joins Alliance for Regenerative Medicine

February 13th, 2012 1:40 am

RED BANK, NJ--(Marketwire -02/08/12)- American CryoStem Corporation (OTCQB: CRYO.OB - News), a commercial developer, manufacturer and marketer of clinical products and services involving adipose tissue and adipose derived adult stem cells, announced its association with the Alliance for Regenerative Medicine (ARM).

ARM is a Washington, DC-based non-profit organization that promotes legislative, regulatory and reimbursement initiatives necessary to facilitate access to life-giving advances in regenerative medicine. American CryoStem's decision to join ARM was based on the alignment of its ongoing mission to offer the highest quality products and services to help accelerate the regenerative medicine industry and ARM's support of policy efforts toward safe and reliable cellular products.

Morrie Ruffin, Managing Director for the Alliance for Regenerative Medicine, commented, "We are delighted to have American CryoStem as part of the Alliance and look forward to working together to advance the field of adipose-derived stem cells for a variety of therapeutic applications."

ARM's membership is diverse, representing leading regenerative medicine companies and investors, university-based and non-profit research institutions, patient advocacy groups, pharmaceutical companies engaged in regenerative medicine research and other organizations supporting regenerative medicine. American CryoStem has created and commercialized core proprietary products and platforms for processing, storing and quality management of adipose tissue and adipose derived adult stem cells that are broadly relevant to ARM's membership.

"American CryoStem is committed to working with industry organizations to develop cutting edge adipose tissue based treatments and therapies. One unique component of our clinical laboratory product and service suite is offering individuals the opportunity to cryogenically store their younger, healthier adult stem cells for their own future use in regenerative medicine," stated John Arnone, American CryoStem CEO. "We are pleased and honored to work with the Alliance for Regenerative Medicine to educate the public and regulators on the safe uses of adult stem cells and their potential life changing applications."

In support of these goals, the Company recently launched ACS Laboratories, thus expanding its clinical processing technology to companies, institutions and medical professionals. ACS Laboratories offers a wide range of adipose tissue specific services. Through ACS laboratories patented ACSelerate™ cell culture media, a ten product suite, American CryoStem can leverage its technology and products to participate in a broad range of clinical application opportunities.

About American CryoStem: American CryoStem Corporation (OTCQB: CRYO.OB - News) markets clinical processing products and services for adipose (fat) tissue and adipose derived adult stem cells. CRYO's clinical processing and preservation platform supports the science and applications being discovered globally by providing the highest quality, clinically processed cells and assuring their sterility, viability and growth cap abilities, while at the same time developing cutting edge application, therapies and laboratory products and services for consumers and physicians.

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a "safe harbor" for forward-looking statements. Certain of the statements contained herein, which are not historical facts, are forward-looking statements with respect to events, the occurrence of which involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements may be impacted, either positively or negatively, by various factors. Information concerning potential factors that could affect the Company is detailed from time to time in the Company's reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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American CryoStem Joins Alliance for Regenerative Medicine

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Losing your teeth?

February 13th, 2012 1:35 am

THERE'S a dentist in London who has a picture of Mickey Mouse on the ceiling above where his patients recline.

Long before the drilling started, this was supposed to make children more at ease.

All it did for me was to instil a profound fear of cartoon rodents. And I was in my forties.

Why, I wondered — as Mickey leered down and a grinding vibration reverberated from jaw to spine — can't we simply regrow teeth? After all, we do it in childhood, when the tooth fairy swaps our baby teeth for small coins and adult choppers.

Good news: we very nearly can. Last week, in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, a team from Tokyo, including Professor Satoshi Fukumoto, said they had created cells that could make enamel, the hard outer coating of teeth.

This follows the development of a technique by Dr Jeremy Mao at Columbia University in New York City for encouraging stem cells to move to a scaffolding where they will grow to replace a missing tooth.

"In the future," says Dr Paul Sharpe of King's College London, who has also grown teeth from tooth buds, "we envision a patient who loses a tooth and wants a replacement will be able to choose between current methods and a biological-based implant — a new natural tooth."

All these attempts involve stem cells, first discovered by Canadians James Till and Ernest McCulloch in 1963.

The body's cells all have the same DNA, but depending on the tissue that they belong to — blood, skin or kidney etc — they will have different sets of genes turned on or off. And they pass those characteristics on to their descendants. When a muscle cell divides, its two daughter cells are both muscle.

Stem cells, however, have not decided which tissue they will be. When they divide, their daughters can be either stem cells or any kind of tissue cell.

In the past decade, stem cells have sparked a revolution in biosciences, creating a whole new field called regenerative medicine as scientists learn how to grow spare human parts. While teeth may well be the first, they won't be the last.

Regenerative medicine will address two huge problems faced by transplants. The first is that potential recipients far outnumber donors. Some authorities have tried to solve this by requiring that people actively opt out of organ transplant schemes. If you're in a coma and not expected to wake up, doctors presume they can "harvest" your organs unless you've left clear instructions otherwise.

The second problem is rejection. A transplanted organ has DNA that is different from the recipient's, which can cause the immune system to treat it as an invader. So transplants usually come with drugs that suppress the immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to other infections. If we were able to grow new organs to order, from cells with the patient's own DNA, it would solve both these problems.

But stem cells have political problems, particularly in the US, where president George W Bush severely limited research funding because the main source for stem cells were embryos, usually those left over after in-vitro fertilisation but potentially from abortions. Those restrictions have been gradually eased, but more than a dozen states also have strict rules in place.

The stem cells used by the Japanese team, however, have a different source. Called "induced pluripotent stem" cells, they are made from tissue cells that have been treated to return them to a state similar to that of stem cells. No embryo, no political problem.

But real stem cells would be better. And one of the best places to find them in adults, it turns out, is in teeth. Some companies are even harvesting people's dental pulp stem cells and storing them in case they're needed in future. Soon it may be possible not only to regrow teeth, but to regrow other organs from teeth.

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Losing your teeth?

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Brain cells created from human skin

February 13th, 2012 1:35 am

Home > News > health-news

London, Feb 12 : British scientists have for the first time generated crucial types of human brain cells in the laboratory by reprogramming skin cells, which they say could speed up the hunt for new treatments for conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and stroke.

Until now it has only been possible to generate tissue from the cerebral cortex, the area of the brain where most major neurological diseases occur, by using controversial embryonic stem cells, obtained by the destruction of an embryo.

This has meant the supply of brain tissue available for research has been limited due to the ethical concerns around embryonic stem cells and shortages in their availability.

However, scientists at the University of Cambridge now insist they have overcome this problem after showing for the first time that it is possible to re-programme adult human skin cells so that they develop into neurons found in the cerebral cortex, the Telegraph reported.

Initially brain cells grown in this way could be used to help researchers gain a better understanding of how the brain develops, what goes wrong when it is affected by disease and it could also be used for screening new drug treatments.

Eventually they hope the cells could also be used to provide healthy tissue that can be implanted into patients to treat neurodegenerative diseases and brain damage.

The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that is responsible for most of the major high-level thought processes such as memory, language and consciousness.

"The cerebral cortex makes up 75 percent of the human brain, is where all the important processes that make us human take place. It is, however, also the major place where disease can occur," said Dr Rick Livesey, who led the research at the University of Cambridge's Gurdon [corr] Institute.

"We have been able to take reprogrammed skin cells so they develop into brain stem cells and then essentially replay brain development in the laboratory.

"We can study brain development and what goes wrong when it is affected by disease in a way we haven't been able to before. We see it as a major breakthrough in what will now be possible," he added.

Dr Livesey and his colleagues were able to create the two major types of neuron that form the cerebral cortex from reprogrammed skin cells and show that they were identical to those created from the more controversial embryonic stem cells.

He said this may eventually lead to new treatments for patients where damaged tissue could be replaced by brain cells grown in the laboratory from a sample of their skin.

"You don't need to rebuild damage to recover function as the brain is quite good at recovering itself ? it does this after stroke for example. However, it may be possible to give it some extra real estate that it can use to do this," Dr Livesey said.

"We can make large numbers of cerebral cortex neurons by taking a sample of skin from anybody, so in principal it should be possible to put these back into the patients," he added.

Dr Simon Ridley, head of research at Alzheimer's Research UK, which funded the study alongside the Wellcome Trust, said: "Turning stem cells into networks of fully functional nerve cells in the lab holds great promise for unravelling complex brain diseases such as Alzheimer's."

The findings were published in the journal Nature Neuroscience. (ANI)

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Brain cells created from human skin

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Lab-Made Neurons Allow Scientists To Study A Genetic Cause Of Parkinson's

February 13th, 2012 1:35 am

Featured Article
Academic Journal
Main Category: Parkinson's Disease
Also Included In: Neurology / Neuroscience
Article Date: 09 Feb 2012 - 0:00 PST

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By reverse engineering human skin cells to become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and then coaxing them to become neural dopamine cells, scientists in the US have developed a way to study a genetic cause of Parkinson's disease in lab-made neurons. Their findings, which they write about in the 7 February issue of Nature Communications, reveal some potential new drug targets for Parkinson's and a new platform to screen treatments that might mimic the protective functions of parkin, the gene they investigated.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that results from the death of dopamine-secreting neurons in a region of the brain that controls movement. In the US there are 500,000 people with Parkinson's disease, and 50,000 new cases every year. There is no cure.

Most cases have no specific cause, but around 1 in 10 can be attributed to known genetic factors. One of these is mutations in the parkin gene.

To study the effect of the parkin gene in brain cells, you have to study live human neurons. But they are hard to study because they live in complex networks in the brain, ruling out the possibility of extracting them.

And you can't use animals, because when they lack the parkin gene, they don't develop Parkinson's disease: human neurons are thought to have "unique vulnerabilities" in this respect.

(The suggestion is that the larger human brain uses more dopamine to support the neural computation that is needed to enable us to walk on two legs, compared to the four-legged movement of almost all other animals.)

But in 2007, scientists in Japan described how they made human stem cells (iPSCs) without using embryos, and since then, lead author of the Nature Communications study, Dr Jian Feng from the University at Buffalo (UB) in New York, and colleagues, have been looking for a way to use the technology to study neurons with mutations in the parkin gene.

Feng, a professor of physiology and biophysics in the UB School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, said in a press statement that the advent of iPSCs was a "game-changer" for their field of work:

"Before this, we didn't even think about being able to study the disease in human neurons."

"The brain is so fully integrated. It's impossible to obtain live human neurons to study," he added.

For their study, Feng and colleagues reverse engineered human skin cells to make iPSCs. The skin cells came from four people: two with a rare type of Parkinson's disease where parkin causes the disease, and two healthy people who served as controls.

"Once parkin is mutated, it can no longer precisely control the action of dopamine, which supports the neural computation required for our movement," said Feng.

Feng and colleagues also found that mutations in parkin stop it being able to tightly control the production of monoamine oxidase (MAO), which catalyzes dopamine oxidation.

"Normally, parkin makes sure that MAO, which can be toxic, is expressed at a very low level so that dopamine oxidation is under control," said Feng.

But they found that when it is mutated, parkin loses the ability to regulate MAO, so the level goes up.

"The nerve cells from our Parkinson's patients had much higher levels of MAO expression than those from our controls. We suggest in our study that it might be possible to design a new class of drugs that would dial down the expression level of MAO," explained Feng, who noted that one of the drugs currently used to treat Parkinson's disease slows the activity of MAO and in trials has been shown to slow disease progression.

Fend said they discovered that a key reason for the death of dopamine neurons was oxidative stress due to there being too much MAO around. But before the neurons die, the precise action of dopamine in helping the neural computations that support movement, is disrupted by mutations in parkin.

"This paper provides the first clues about what the parkin gene is doing in healthy controls and what it fails to achieve in Parkinson's patients," said Feng.

When the researchers delivered normal parkin into the neurons with the mutations, the defects were reversed. This is what makes them think such neurons could be used as a platform for screening new drug candidates that could mimic the protective effect of normal parkin.

The University of Buffalo has applied for patent protection on the screening platform.

Although parkin mutations are responsible for a small proportion of Parkinson's cases, the researchers believe that understanding how the gene works could be relevant to all cases of the disease.

Written by Catharine Paddock PhD
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today

Visit our parkinson's disease section for the latest news on this subject. "Parkin controls dopamine utilization in human midbrain dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells"; Houbo Jiang, Yong Ren, Eunice Y. Yuen, Ping Zhong, Mahboobe Ghaedi, Zhixing Hu, Gissou Azabdaftari, Kazuhiro Nakaso, Zhen Yan & Jian Feng; Nature Communications 3:668; Published online 07 Feb 2012; DOI:10.1038/ncomms1669; Link to Abstract.
Additional source: University at Buffalo Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

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Catharine Paddock PhD. "Lab-Made Neurons Allow Scientists To Study A Genetic Cause Of Parkinson's." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 9 Feb. 2012. Web.
12 Feb. 2012. <http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/241373.php&gt;

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Lab-Made Neurons Allow Scientists To Study A Genetic Cause Of Parkinson's

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Parkinson’s Research: Scientists Grow Artificial Stem Cells

February 13th, 2012 1:35 am

For the first time, scientists in the U.S. have grown brain nerve cells from skin to study Parkinson's disease.

This experiment using stem cells can help researchers to find out how the debilitating condition progresses in humans and how it corrupts, through mutations, healthy brain cells of a person.

The study was led by Dr Jian Feng of the State University of New York, Buffalo, and was published in the journal, Nature Communications.

The degenerative condition results from the death of dopamine-generating cells in the brain. This results in movement-related symptoms like shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking and gait.

Apart from this, cognitive and behavioural problems may also arise, with dementia commonly occurring in the advanced stages of the disease.

Earlier, such brain nerve cells called neurons were inaccessible as they lie deep in the brain, but the stem cell technology has solved the problem.

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"This is the first time that human dopamine neurons have ever been generated from Parkinson's disease patients with parkin mutations. Before this, we didn't even think about being able to study the disease in human neurons. The brain is so fully integrated - it's impossible to obtain live human neurons to study," Dr Feng said.

The parkin gene, which was subjected to study, plays a key role in controlling the brain-signalling dopamine levels with the help of an enzyme called MAO (monoamine oxidase).

However, when mutations of this gene occur, the MAO levels change abruptly. This causes the conditions to become toxic for the dopamine producing brain cells as a result of which signalling across the brain goes haywire, leading to most of the symptoms of Parkinson's.

According to Allvoices, as the parkin gene does not develop into Parkinson's in animals, the study of it in humans is very important and as noted above, obtaining live samples is of course improbable. So this breakthrough has opened up a previously untapped resource in the study of Parkinson's.

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Parkinson’s Research: Scientists Grow Artificial Stem Cells

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Stem Cells Therapy MS1.mp4 – Video

February 13th, 2012 1:34 am

09-02-2012 22:12 Stem Cell Therapy latest news - Jan 2012, MS options Contact Kevin for help to raise funds for treatment part 1 of 4

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Stem Cells Therapy MS1.mp4 - Video

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Sight Seen: Gene Therapy Restores Vision in Both Eyes

February 12th, 2012 4:58 pm

Gene therapy has markedly improved vision in both eyes in three women who were born virtually blind. The patients can now avoid obstacles even in dim light, read large print and recognize people's faces. The operation, researchers predict, should work even better in children and adolescents blinded by the same condition.

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Cracks in the Plaques: Mysteries of Alzheimer’s Slowly Yielding to New Research

February 12th, 2012 4:58 pm

This has been a big week in Alzheimer's news as scientists put together a clearer picture than ever before of how the disease affects the brain. Three recently published studies have detected the disease with new technologies, hinted at its prevalence, and described at last how it makes its lethal progress through the brain.

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Is Life Sciences the New Frontier for Analytics?

February 12th, 2012 4:58 pm

Via Scoop.itinPharmatics

pharmaceuticals Researchers say pharmaceutical and other life sciences companies are ramping up their uses of analytics…
Via smartdatacollective.com

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Internet on any Display Device, or internet on TV at low cost can it transform Healthcare or Clinical Research

February 12th, 2012 4:58 pm

The invention of an internet set top box has nothing to do with healthcare or  clinical trial at first look. But if HP and other companies are capable of delivering the research, then internet on any display device could change the way clinical trial is practiced at-least beginning with EDC. Yes I agree it is bit far fetched wild thought, but why not. It can also perhaps bring some transformation into patient waiting rooms in hospitals. HP’s invention along with Microsoft Kinect for PC is capable of bringing some big changes to healthcare  practice, mostly notably in TeleHealth.

If nothing else it would atleast bring internet to the masses much faster and cheaper than Android, 3G, and LTE, WiMax all put together, for the simple reason that most of the households that are capable of benefiting from the internet has access to TV as well. atleast in India

Take a look at news coverage “ HP India Research Labs brings Internet TV for the masses with the help of a TV set top box that cost less than $150″ news by Times of India

HP Labs has recently came out with what they call as “Internet TV Set Top Box for the masses” the product is called  Vayu Internet Device or VInD. HP Labs India has created the product which was reviewed by Times of India News paper. The solution enables people to receive internet content on even the most basic TV sets and manage all screen operations using basic TV remotes.

More About HP Labs Vayu Experience Platform

The HP product offers the following solutions,

Task Genie: This is a store of  apps, Yes apple has tons of them , but how many of them are useful , and several of those apps are me too products. Before anyone shouts shoot him let me tell you I have an iPhone4 loaded with 319 apps, I don’t think any one can beat that, and yet I don’t use almost 300 of them at-least once in a month, despite the fact that except one or 2 games most  other are serious apps. Yes I agree among the 300 are several apps which are me too copy cat apps which offers same function, like contact management and duplicate remover, SMS apps, chat solutions. The point is more the apps the better is not true, its the quality that matters that’s were Android fails

Web Tuner: This allows the user to create web categories, such as say News or Tech or Nature, and within each he can have the particular websites he is most interested in

Libraries: allows users to store photos, videos, music and documents in the set-top box’s hard disk. Users can tag and share them with others who have similar set-top boxes.

Contacts and Whiteboard: Users can create and store a contacts list. They can share content or have a video-conference with others who have similar set-top boxes.

Pairing with mobile phone: The set-top box can be paired with mobile phones. So, if it is paired with the user’s phone,he  can send messages to his  TV

Sensor: VInD comes with a built-in Zigbee sensor network. VInD detects the motion and sends an alert to the paired phone.

Keyboard and mouse: Vayu, which uses aLinux  operating system, can also be used as a regular PC, with a keyboard and mouse with a browser and with the TV acting as the monitor. It can be a wired or a wireless keyboard and mouse. This is were I think ViND can bring some advantage in clinical research space, every clinical trial monitoring room has  a TV

Tech Specs#: VInD has 1 GB of built-in RAM, 8GB of flash memory and the ability to add an additional 300 GB hard-disk. It comes with built-in Zigbee sensor network, USB ports, Wi-Fi, ethernet and Bluetooth 2.1 and infrared connectivity. It connects to the TV via HDMI and regular AV channel ports. It also supports GPRS, 3G and HSDPA through the use of a USB modem. It has in-built microphone and speakers and a display

Microsoft has released the Kinect for PC. It was reported that Microsoft is keen to see kinect taking an active part in Healthcare industry. Doctors are using Kinect to help stroke patients regain movement full St0ry Here. Then later there was news that Microsoft and Asus have built a laptop with Kinect motion-sensing technology.

Of-course HP is not the first to come out with this kind of  technology,

 most of the existing expensive solutions are not  comprehensive and too focused on living room with limited or no net browsing capability.

iChip Technolgies has announced their solution called @Box which claimed to bring internet to any display device including even the office projector. @Box is smaller than palm and would be sold in standard package with a key board, track ball, power adaptor and a cable to connect to the TV and would cost less than $100

iChip Technologies which was based in India was later acquired by Techfarm Ventures US-based incubator and early stage investor in technology companies. Gordon Campbell, Chief Executive Officer of Techfarm, is also the CEO and Co-founder of Personal Web (PW) Systems, a company incorporated in the US.

Techfarm Ventures had earlier invested in PortalPlayer, which went in for an IPO in 2004, and subsequently got bought out by nVIDIA in January 2007. Techfarm has earlier incubated more than a dozen companies such as the first Ethernet chip and graphics controller

Neuros Technology produces a similar product that works on Ubuntu platform called Neuros LINK, which seems to be more closer to the HP solution

Logitech and Google has released Revue a solution based on Android

Apple is talking about Apple TV for sometime

UK based Telecom operator Vodafone has launched Webbox a product that seems to draw power from Vodafones EDGE/GSM/3G network using Opera Mini Browser

Source:
http://microarray.wordpress.com/feed/

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Trounson Predicts — ‘Optimistically’ — Successful California Stem Cell Treatments in Five Years

February 12th, 2012 4:58 pm


Alan Trounson, president of the $3 billion California stem cell agency, says he is "optimistic" that some stem cell treatments developed in California will prove successful in humans in the next five years.

Trounson was quoted in The Sacramento Bee today in an opinion piece written by David Lesher, government affairs director of the Public Policy Institute of California. Lesher provided something of an overview of the agency, including pluses and minuses. He wrote,

"Those who speculate say that the most advanced stem cell treatments are still probably a decade away from becoming available to patients. And the cost to get them there will far exceed California's $3 billion investment."

But Lesher, a former political writer for the Los Angeles Times, also wrote,

"...(T)he president of the state's stem cell agency said he is 'optimistic' that at least a few California treatments will prove successful in humans in the next five years."

Lesher said,

"That may mean a genetically modified stem cell treatment to cure AIDS, (Trounson) said; it may mean a treatment that eliminates the need for some diabetics to monitor or inject insulin; there might be a treatment to restore eyesight to those suffering from a major cause of blindness.

"'These are the kind of things we need to get through,' he said. 'I hope that we have a number of them showing proof by 2015 or 2016. I'm optimistic. The caveat is that nothing is guaranteed.'"

The stem cell agency will run out of cash for new grants in 2017 and will go out of business shortly thereafter unless voters approve another multibillion dollar bond measure or it manages to secure private financing.

Lesher discussed the difficult financial environment for private financing of stem cell therapies and how it has changed since the the stem cell agency was created by voters seven years ago.

"The hope was that California's bond (financing for CIRM) would jump-start a biotech industry by building the laboratories and seeding early research to a point where private support would take over.

"But that point of commercial viability is a moving target as private investors have grown more risk averse and the regulatory path for such radical new therapies is unpredictable. So the biggest question today in the stem cell field is not whether the science will work someday. The big questions are how will we pay for it, how will regulators know when it's ready and when will it happen?"

Lesher said,

"The problem is that even the most advanced experiments in (CIRM's) translational portfolio are still a couple of years away from the same point in the regulatory pipeline where high cost and uncertainty forced Geron out of the field. And there is still no clear answer about how to resolve those same challenges, although the cost-benefit calculation will be different for other treatments."

Lesher concluded,

"Unlike high-speed rail, which continues to have strong support from the governor, the stakes surrounding California's stem cell investment have been largely invisible. That's too bad, because stem cell science is a much smaller investment for taxpayers with a greater possible return."

Our comment? In what CIRM Chairman Jonathan Thomas has declared as a "war" for public support, today's piece in The Bee was a bit of a victory. Although the article did mention difficult issues, it was generally upbeat about CIRM. The piece focused on the wonders of the science and bypassed many of the negatives about CIRM, including its built-in conflicts of interests and its reluctance to correct long-identified problems. Also absent was a discussion of how CIRM signed a $25 million loan agreement with Geron only three months before the company abandoned its clinical trial. That omission could be considered a PR plus for the agency. Overall, however, the folks at CIRM should be pleased by the article.

Source:
http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default?alt=rss

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