StemCell Therapy

Regenerative medicine is a segment of translational research in molecular biology and tissue engineering. It involves the process of regeneration of human cells, tissues, or organs to re-establish their normal functions through stimulation of bodys repair system. They are widely used in the treatment of many degenerative disorders occurring in the areas of dermatology, orthopedic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cell therapy is the available tool in the field of translational regenerative medicine. It has gained importance in the past few years as it is a bio-based alternative to synthetic options. Stem cells have high power of regeneration. Hence, these enable production of other cells in the body. This has increased demand for stem cell therapy in the treatment of degenerative diseases. Currently, stem cell therapy has applications in the treatment of diseases such as autism, cancer, retinal diseases, heart failure, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimers. Extensive research is being carried out on stem cell therapy. The Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine (CCRM) has reported around 1900 active clinical trials undergoing currently. It also reported 574 active industry-sponsored cell therapy clinical studies, 50 of these are in phase 3 development. Hence, stem cell therapy is projected to contribute to the growth of the translational regenerative medicine market. However, ethical issues in the use of embryonic stem cells is likely to restrain the market.

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Rising prevalence of degenerative diseases, aging population, rapid growth of emerging countries, and technical advancements in developed countries are the major factors fueling the growth of the translational regenerative medicine market.

The global translational regenerative medicine market has been segmented based on product type, therapy, application, and region. In terms of product type, the market has been categorized into cellular and acellular. The cellular segment dominated the global market in 2016. Based on therapy, the global translational regenerative market has been segmented into cell therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and tissue engineering. Immunotherapy is projected to be the fastest growing segment during the forecast period. In terms of application, the market has been segmented into orthopedic & musculoskeletal, cardiology, diabetes, central nervous system diseases, dermatology, and others. Cardiology and orthopedic & musculoskeletal are anticipated to be the fastest growing segments of the global translational regenerative medicine market.In terms of region, the global translational regenerative medicine market has been segmented into North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Middle East & Africa. North America dominated the global regenerative medicine market owing to a large number of leading companies and expansion of research and development activities in the U.S. Increased medical reimbursement and advanced health care also drive the market in the region. Orthopedic is the leading application segment contributing to the growth of the market in the region. Asia Pacific is forecasted the huge growth because of large consumer pool, rising income, and health care expenditure. However, the market in Asia Pacific could face challenges such as high cost of bio-based medicines and stringent regulatory policies.

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The global translational regenerative medicine market is dominated by key players such as CONMED Corporation, Arthrex, Inc., Organogenesis, Inc., Nuvasive, Inc., Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., Celgene Corporation, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. and Medtronic.

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The following regional segments are covered comprehensively:

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Translational Regenerative Medicine Market: Immunotherapy is projected to be the fastest growing segment during the forecast period - BioSpace

Scientists in the field of regenerative medicine have long been interested in using muscle stem cells to repair injuries, but growing the cells in the lab has proven to be challenging. Now, a team of Australian researchers is suggesting an alternative: a naturally occurring protein that regenerates muscle.

A team from the Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute at Monash University discovered that a protein called NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) stimulates the growth of muscle stem cells and healing in zebrafish and mice. They published their findings in the journal Nature.

The researchers started by studying the cells that migrated to injury sites in zebrafish. They discovered that a particular group of immune cells called macrophages stimulated the regeneration of muscle stem cells.

Macrophages are known to migrate to injury sites, where some remove debris that appears immediately and others stay for long-term cleaning. But the Australian scientists discovered eight genetically distinct macrophagesonly one of which seemed to be involved in the regeneration of muscle stem cells.

They went on to discover that the macrophages with those regenerative abilities released NAMPT. So they tried removing the macrophages from the fish and then adding NAMPT to the aquarium water. It worked: Muscle stem cells started to grow and promote healing, showing that the protein took over for the missing macrophages, the researchers said.

RELATED: Stem cells don't repair injured hearts, but inflammation might, study finds

Several regenerative medicine research teams are focused on harnessing the healing power of macrophages. Researchers from the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, for example, discovered that the inflammatory response to stem-cell injections into the heart activated macrophages, which in turn promoted healing.

The Monash-led research team did further studies with NAMPT, which included placing patches that contained the protein into mouse models of muscle-wasting disease. They observed significant muscle healing and are now in discussions with biotech companies about taking the technique into clinical trials, they said in a statement.

They believe NAMPT-based therapies could prove useful in treating a range of conditions including muscular dystrophy, limb injuries and muscle wasting due to aging.

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Zebrafish reveal regenerative protein that could inspire new treatments for muscle-wasting diseases and aging - FierceBiotech

Bloomberg

(Bloomberg) -- Crown Resorts Ltd. Chief Executive Officer Ken Barton stepped down, bowing to days of pressure after a scathing regulatory report found the Australian casino operator facilitated money laundering and wasnt fit to hold a license in Sydney.Barton will leave immediately, Melbourne-based Crown said in a statement Monday. Helen Coonan will lead the company as executive chairman while the board oversees a search for a new CEO.The report last week by former judge Patricia Bergin was particularly critical of Barton, saying he didnt have the skills for the job. His departure leaves Coonan to find a path out of a crisis that has left Australias largest casino company also facing regulatory pressure at its main operations in Melbourne and Perth.The board is determined to maintain the momentum as Crown takes significant steps to improve our governance, compliance and culture, Coonan said. I will continue to lead on implementation of Crowns ambitious reform program.Crown shares rose 1.1% to A$10.00 in early trading in Sydney, valuing the company at A$6.8 billion ($5.3 billion).After a year-long inquiry for the state gaming watchdog in New South Wales, Bergin recommended an overhaul of Crown before the company could start gaming operations at its new A$2.2 billion Sydney casino. The New South Wales gaming regulator, the Independent Liquor and Gaming Authority, is due to consider the report at a board meeting on Feb. 17.Barton is no match for what is needed at the helm of a casino licensee, Bergin wrote. Barton clung on and as recently as Friday was still assessing his position. He became CEO of Crown in early 2020 after a decade as chief financial officer.Both board nominees of Crowns biggest shareholder, James Packer, left the day after the report was released. Director Andrew Demetriou also resigned last week.Barton disclosed last year during Bergins investigation that Crown hadnt yet analyzed the accounts that were reportedly used by money launderers. He was also unaware for years that a major junket operator had a cash desk at Crowns Melbourne casino, even though the setup posed a money-laundering risk.Packers Casino Dream Dashed as Crown Seen Unfit for LicenseBartons evidence during the inquiry demonstrated a serious lack of judgment, Bergin wrote. His problems will not be cured by the appointment of people expert in the field who report to him, she said.Philip Crawford, chair of the Independent Liquor and Gaming Authority, said Feb. 11 there was a certain obviousness to the notion that Barton should step down.(Adds share price, regulatory pressure on Crown in third paragraph.)For more articles like this, please visit us at bloomberg.comSubscribe now to stay ahead with the most trusted business news source.2021 Bloomberg L.P.

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Global Regenerative Medicine Partnering Deals, Terms and Agreements Directory 2014-2020: Analysis of the Structure of Regenerative Medicine Agreements...

The globalREGENERATIVE MEDICINE marketis constantly evolving and presenting new avenues to stakeholders. The study on the REGENERATIVE MEDICINE market presents a comprehensive assessment of economic, social, and policy factors shaping the changing dynamic. The research offers data-validated insights into current opportunities in various segments and possible avenues during forecast period of 2020 20xy. The trends shaping the value chain assessment, degree of control by incumbent players, intensity of competition are analysed in the study with succinct recommendations and opinionsby market analysts.

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The study offers strategic scenario planning for the recent disruptions caused by Covid-19, a pandemicthatis still emerging. Further, the report has come out with popular strategic moves being made by players to regain agility and come on the growth trajectory as in the pre-Covid era. The research hasgleaned over the change in perspectives of governments and investors and the changing demand dynamic in various end-use industries for evaluating the growth dynamics on the REGENERATIVE MEDICINE market.

The factors that shaped high value-grab opportunities in various regions and consumer segments in the REGENERATIVE MEDICINE market are scrutinized, along with the inherent possibilities in the allied industries.The REGENERATIVE MEDICINE market was pegged at US$ xy mn/Bn and is projected to touch the mark of ab Mn/cd Bn by the end of the forecast period.The researchanalysts also point outsegments that emergedas data outliers,and attribute reasons for the same to offera holistic understatingofgrowth dynamics.

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Regenerative Medicine Market-Segmentation And Analysis By Recent Trends, Development And Growth By Regions To, Analysis, Forecast To 2026 KSU | The...

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11 February 2021

An exciting discovery by Monash University scientists may lead to faster recovery from muscle injury and wasting diseases.

When we tear a muscle stem cells within it repair the problem. We can see this occurring not only in severe muscle wasting diseases such as muscular dystrophy and in war veterans who survive catastrophic limb injuries, but also in our day to day lives when we pull a muscle. Also when we age and become frail we lose much of our muscle and our stem cells dont seem to be able to work as well as we age.

These muscle stem cells are invisible engines that drive the tissue's growth and repair after such injuries. But growing these cells in the lab and then using them to therapeutically replace damaged muscle has been frustratingly difficult.

Researchers at the Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia have discovered a factor that triggers these muscle stem cells to proliferate and heal. In a mouse model of severe muscle damage, injections of this naturally occurring protein led to the complete regeneration of muscle and the return of normal movement after severe muscle trauma.

The research led by Professor Peter Currie, Director of Monash Universitys Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, is published today in Nature.

The scientists studied the regeneration of skeletal muscle in zebrafish, fast becoming the go-to animal model for the study of stem cell regeneration because the fish are quick to reproduce, easier to experimentally manipulate, and share at least 70 percent of their genes with humans. It is also transparent which allows the scientists to witness the actual regeneration in living muscle.

By studying the cells that migrated to a muscle injury in these fish the scientists identified a group of immune cells, called macrophages, which appeared to have a role in triggering the muscle stem cells to regenerate. What we saw were macrophages literally cuddling the muscle stem cells, which then started to divide and proliferate. Once they started this process, the macrophage would move on and cuddle the next muscle stem cell, and pretty soon the wound would heal, Professor Currie said

Macrophages are the cells that flock to any injury or infection site in the body, removing debris and promoting healing. They are the clean up crew of the immune system, Professor Currie said.

It has long been thought that two types of macrophages exist in the body: those that move to the injury rapidly and remove debris, and those that come in slower and stick around doing the longer term clean-up.

The research team, however, found that there were in fact eight genetically different types of macrophages in the injury site, and that one type, in particular, was the cuddler. Further investigation revealed that this affectionate macrophage released a substance called NAMPT. By removing these macrophages from the zebrafish and adding the NAMPT to the aquarium water the scientists found they could stimulate the muscle stem cells to grow and heal effectively replacing the need for the macrophages.

Importantly recent experiments placing a hydrogel patch containing NAMPT into a mouse model of severe muscle wasting led to what Professor Currie called significant replacement of the damaged muscle.

The researchers are now in discussions with a number of biotech companies about taking NAMPT to clinical trials for the use of this compound in the treatment of muscle disease and injury.

Read the full paper in Nature titled:Macrophages provide a transient muscle stem cell miche via NAMPT secretion.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03199-7

Read more from Professor Peter Currie onMonash Lens.

About The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute at Monash University

The Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute is one of the largest regenerative medicine and stem cell research organisations in the world and Australias only research institute specialising in regeneration and stem cells.Located on the Clayton campus of Monash University, researchers at ARMI focus on understanding the basic mechanisms of the regenerative process, aiming to eventually enable doctors to prevent, halt and reverse damage to vital organs due to disease, injury or genetic conditions.

Link:
Reversing severe muscle wasting in disease, aging and trauma - Monash University

PHOENIX, Feb. 8, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --(OTC-CELZ) Creative Medical Technology Holdings Inc. announced today recruitment of Dr. Caigan Du, Associate Professor at the University of British Columbia to the Company's Scientific Advisory Board.

Dr. Du is a top researcher in the area of molecular and immunological understanding of kidney failure and transplant rejection. Dr. Du is funded by numerous national and international organizations including the Kidney Foundation and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

"I am honored to work with Creative Medical Technology Holdings in this fascinating field of leveraging reprogrammed immune cells for regenerating injured kidneys." Said Dr. Du. "To date people think about regenerative medicine and immunology as separate fields. It is very exciting to consider the possibility that immune cells can act as a catalyst for regenerative processes: this is the basis of the ImmCelz product."

ImmCelz is a personalized cell therapy generated by incubation of patient cells with allogeneic JadiCell stem cells under proprietary conditions. The JadiCell possess potent ability to reprogram the immune system, as exemplified in part by their ability to significantly extend survival of COVID patients in an FDA double blind, placebo controlled, clinical trial1. ImmCelz has been demonstrated effective in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis2, liver failure3, stroke4, type 1 diabetes5 and kidney failure6. Scientific studies suggest ImmCelz functions through secretion of a fundamentally important molecule called Hepatocyte Growth Factor7, as well as stimulation of T regulatory cells, a type of immune system cell that suppresses pathological immunity8.

"As a clinical-stage biotechnology company, having already commercialized other stem cell products, we understand the key to any success is based on the ability to attract scientific key opinion leaders." Said Timothy Warbington, President and CEO of Creative Medical Technology Holdings. "Dr. Du is a visionary and pioneer in understanding of kidney diseases and we wholeheartedly look forward to him joining our scientific advisory board."

The Advisory Board of Creative Medical Technology Holdings includes internationally renowned neurologist Santosh Kesari MD, Ph.D, the former head of cardiology at Cedar Sinai Medical Center Timothy Henry, MD and our Director Dr. Amit Patel, inventor of the JadiCell and the first physician to have implanted stem cells into the human heart.

About Creative Medical Technology HoldingsCreative Medical Technology Holdings, Inc. is a commercial stage biotechnology company specializing in regenerative medicine/stem cell technology in the fields of immunotherapy, urology, neurology and orthopedics and is listed on the OTC under the ticker symbol CELZ. For further information about the company, please visitwww.creativemedicaltechnology.com.

Forward Looking StatementsOTC Markets has not reviewed and does not accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release. This news release may contain forward-looking statements including but not limited to comments regarding the timing and content of upcoming clinical trials and laboratory results, marketing efforts, funding, etc. Forward-looking statements address future events and conditions and, therefore, involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those currently anticipated in such statements. See the periodic and other reports filed by Creative Medical Technology Holdings, Inc. with the Securities and Exchange Commission and available on the Commission's website atwww.sec.gov.

Creativemedicaltechnology.comwww.StemSpine.comwww.Caverstem.comwww.Femcelz.com ImmCelz.com

1 Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for COVID19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: A doubleblind, phase 1/2a, randomized controlled trial - Lanzoni - - STEM CELLS Translational Medicine - Wiley Online Library2 Creative Medical Technology Holdings Reports Positive Preclinical Data on ImmCelz Immunotherapy Product in Rheumatoid Arthritis Model | BioSpace3 Creative Medical Technology Holdings Announces Reversion of Liver Failure Using ImmCelz Personalized Cellular Immunotherapy in Preclinical Model | Nasdaq4 Creative Medical Technology Holdings Identifies Mechanism of Action of ImmCelz Stroke Regenerative Activity (prnewswire.com)5 Creative Medical Technology Holdings Announces Positive Data and Patent Filing Using ImmCelz to Treat Type 1 Diabetes (prnewswire.com)6 Creative Medical Technology Holdings Files Patent based on Positive Data on Renal Failure using ImmCelz Regenerative Immunotherapy (prnewswire.com)7 Creative Medical Technology Holdings Identifies and Files Patent on Novel Mechanism of ImmCelz Therapeutic Activity (apnews.com)8 Creative Medical Technology Holdings Identifies Mechanism of Action of ImmCelz Stroke Regenerative Activity (prnewswire.com)

SOURCE Creative Medical Technology Holdings, Inc.

http://creativemedicaltechnology.com

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Creative Medical Technology Holdings Recruits Internationally Renowned Kidney Expert to Scientific Advisory Board - PRNewswire

VANCOUVER, BC, Feb. 10, 2021 /PRNewswire/ --Notch Therapeutics, Inc., a biotechnology company developing renewable, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell therapies for cancer, announced today the closing of an oversubscribed U.S. $85 million Series A financing. The financing was led by an exclusively healthcare-focused investment fund, with participation by existing investors Allogene Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: ALLO), Lumira Ventures, and CCRM Enterprises Holdings Ltd., an affiliate of Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine (CCRM); along with new investors EcoR1 Capital, a undisclosed leading global investment firm, Casdin Capital, Samsara BioCapital, and Amplitude Ventures. Proceeds from the financing will support the continuing development of Notch's portfolio of iPSC-derived T cell therapeutic product candidates and clinical readiness of the company's proprietary Engineered Thymic Niche (ETN) platform. The financing will also enable Notch to expand its team to support the company's future growth, including establishing operations in Seattle, in addition to the company's existing operations in Vancouver and Toronto.

"We are gratified to have the confidence of this exceptional group of investors and have them share in our vision that our platform can be game-changing for cell therapies by easing cell manufacturing and broadening their clinical and commercial potential," said David Main, President and Chief Executive Officer of Notch. "The level of interest in this financing round enabled us to far exceed our original capital-raising goals. With this support, Notch is well positioned to support our partners and advance development of our initial cell therapy products for patients with cancer."

Notch is applying its scalable Engineered Thymic Niche (ETN) technology platform to develop homogeneous and universally compatible, stem cell-derived cell therapies. To date, Notch has assembled a world-class scientific team and built a fully integrated, tightly controlled platform for generating and editing immune cells from clonal stem cells to enable development of a broad range of T cell therapeutics. Notch has an existing partnership with Allogene Therapeutics to apply Notch's proprietary ETN platform to develop CAR-targeted, iPSC-derived, off-the-shelf T cell or natural killer (NK) cell therapies for hematologic cancer indications.

"We have great confidence in Notch's high-caliber management team and the rigorous science underlying its research programs," said David Chang, M.D., Ph.D., President, Chief Executive Officer, and Co-Founder of Allogene and a member of the Notch Board of Directors. "We are impressed by the company's innovation and accomplishments and pleased to continue our support of Notch as the company advances the development of a new generation of cell therapies for cancer and other immune disorders."

About Notch Therapeutics (www.notchtx.com)Notch is developing a pipeline of cellular immunotherapies originating from pluripotent stem cells that are specifically engineered to address the underlying biology of complex disease systems. The company has unlocked the ability for large-quantity production of T cells and other cells from any source of stem cells to bring best-in-class cell therapies for cancer and other immune disorders to thousands of patients. The core of the Notch platform is the Engineered Thymic Niche (ETN), which enables precision control of cell fate during the differentiation and expansion of stem cells in suspension bioreactors without the need for feeder cells or serum. The ETN has the potential to generate immunotherapies with decreased variability, increased potency, and engineered improvements. The technology was invented in the laboratories of Juan-Carlos Ziga-Pflcker, Ph.D. at Sunnybrook Research Institute and Peter Zandstra, Ph.D., FRSC at the University of Toronto. Notch was founded by these two institutions, in conjunction with MaRS Innovation (now Toronto Innovation Acceleration Partners) and the Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine (CCRM), which initially incubated the company.

Contact:Mary MoynihanM2Friend Biocommunications802-951-9600[emailprotected]

SOURCE Notch Therapeutics

Notch Therapeutics

Link:
Notch Therapeutics Closes $85 Million Series A Financing to Develop Pipeline of Renewable Stem Cell-Derived Cancer Immunotherapies - PRNewswire

WAALRE, Netherlands, Feb. 10, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- IME Medical Electrospinning, a global leader in electrospun medical devices, today announced that it has entered into a collaboration with Dutch medical device company STENTiT, to join forces in the further development and production of regenerative endovascular support grafts(see video).These resorbable fibrous implants hold the promise to rebuild a new blood vessel inside the existing artery, by exploiting the natural healing response of the body.

IME's technological solutions enable the manufacturing of innovative devices like STENTiT's endovascular support grafts, which are aimed to mimic the natural human extracellular matrix for implants in the human body in nanometer and micrometer format. Human cells rebuild these matrices leading to new body tissue. This is in contrast to implants of traditional structures, which are seen as foreign and therefore can lead to scar tissue formation or rejection phenomena.

STENTiT is an emerging player in the field of regenerative medical devices, offering a breakthrough solution for cardiovascular interventions developing first-of-its-kind regenerative endovascular blood vessel implants. Using a catheter-based approach, it provides the ability to restore the artery without the need for an invasive surgical intervention. The aim is to ultimately restore the affected artery from the inside-out to provide a life-lasting solution.

Bart Sanders, CEO of STENTiT, says:

"We are thrilled to join forces with IME Medical Electrospinning to further optimize our fibrillated endovascular implants. IME is a highly innovative and leading company in the field of Medical Electrospinning, for which I'm confident that together we will spur the development of a superior and reproducible product, while getting STENTiT ready to scale."

Judith Heikoop, CEO of IME Medical Electrospinning, adds:

"We are extremely proud to have been able to expandourcollaborations with such a promising company like STENTiT. IME Medical Electrospinning develops medical devices in close collaboration with an ever-growing portfolio of customers and partners worldwide within the industry, the scientific environment, hospitals and medical institutes. This collaboration is testimony to our strategic goal to become a trusted partner worldwide in co-developing electrospun medical devices that will cause a revolution in the industry and will enable tissue rebuilding."

IME has set the worldwide standard in the co-development and production of scalable and reproducible nanometer and micrometer scaffolds that enable scientists to develop medical implants helping the human body to repair itself, such as heart valves, blood vessels, nerves, tendons, skin and bone. IME operates a brand new high-end GMP Laboratory and set of cleanrooms. With this the company is able to not only develop and manufacture its top-end proprietary electrospinning machines, but to also produce the actual scaffolds for the intended medical implants for their customers. The cleanroom facilities enable the production of Class I, II and III medical devices.

About Medical Electrospinning

Applying specific polymers, IME's advanced equipment creates fiber-based medical device solutions that mimic the natural human extracellular matrix in nanometer and micrometer format for implants and membranes in the human body. Human cells recognize these artificial matrices (scaffolds) as the body's own, facilitating the repair of the damaged tissue for heart valves, blood vessels, nerves, tendons, skin and bone etc. This is in contrast to implants and membranes of traditional structures, which are seen as foreign and therefore can lead to scar tissue or rejection phenomena. The MediSpinXL platform has been developed specifically for MedTech industrial manufacturing of medical devices and is now also suitable for pharmaceutical drug delivery applications and ensures firm control over the crucial parameters of the electrospinning process, leading to reproducible and consistent end-products.

About STENTiT

STENTiT is a medical device spin-off company from Dutch Eindhoven University of Technology, focusing on the development of regenerative endovascular implants. These devices trigger a natural healing response by the circulating blood cells, in which the implant is being rebuilt with new vascular tissue while safely dissolving over time.

Since the establishment of the company in 2017, STENTiT has received broad international recognition and awards for its high-potential approach, covering world leading stages. As the company is currently going through the next translational phases, STENTiT is on its way to fulfill its ambition to become the new standard in endovascular treatment, providing a life-lasting solution for millions of patients around the world.

For more info, please visit http://www.stentit.com

About IME Medical Electrospinning

For over ten years, IME Medical Electrospinning has been a leading player in the field of developing and implementing electrospinning processes and equipment for the manufacturing of medical devices for (regenerative) medicine and drug delivery. Electrospinning is a flexible process for producing extremely thin fibers and structures that have excellent properties to help regenerate human tissue. IME Medical Electrospinning has developed a unique set of innovations in electrospinning technology for the reproducible and scalable production of electrospun material under tightly controlled conditions required for the MedTech and Pharma market. Customers and scientific partners include the MedTech and Pharma industry, scientists and health institutions.

More information available atwww.ime-electrospinning.com

For further inquiries:

IME Medical Electrospinning, Waalre, The NetherlandsJudith Heikoop M.Sc. Ph.D.T: +31 40 28 27 956E: [emailprotected]

STENTiT, Eindhoven, The NetherlandsBart Sanders M.Sc. Ph.D.T: +31 40 24 72 445E: [emailprotected]

For media:

LifeSpring Life Sciences Communication, AmsterdamLon MelensT: +31 6 538 16 427E: [emailprotected]

Logo: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1248580/IME_Medical_Electrospinning_Logo.jpg

SOURCE IME Medical Electrospinning

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IME Medical Electrospinning and STENTiT enter into development cooperation on resorbable endovascular support grafts to regenerate vascular tissue -...

(Feb 2021 trend research report )The newly added report titledGlobal Regenerative Medicine Market Report 2020, Forecast to 2030to the database ofinsightSLICEreveals existing trends and tendencies in the industry. The report contains vital insights on the market and a thorough overview of the market where it identifies industry trends, determines industry insights, and offers competitive intelligence. The report helps to figure out and study the market needs, market size, and competition. The report includes noteworthy information alongside future conjecture and point by point market scanning on a worldwide, regional, and local level for the global Regenerative Medicine industry. The research document is designed with correctness and in-depth knowledge which helps the business to grow and henceforth results in revenue growth.

The report analyzes the current market trends, consumer demands, and preferences, market situations, opportunities, and market status. Other principles studied in terms of the market report include market definition, market segmentation, competitive analysis, and research methodology. The report offers an in-depth analysis of the global Regenerative Medicine markets historical data and estimated projections about the market size and share in the forecast period from 2020 to 2030. It also includes market trends, revenue growth patterns market shares, and demand and supply. The report is segmented on the basis of types, end-users, applications, and regional markets.

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Development policies and plans are discussed and manufacturing processes and industry chain structures are analyzed. This report also provides data on import / export, supply and consumption, as well as manufacturing costs and global revenues, and gross margin by region. The numerical data are copied with statistical tools, such as SWOT analysis, BCG matrix, SCOT analysis and PESTLE analysis. Statistics are presented in graphical form to provide a clear understanding of the facts and figures.

The main manufacturers covered in this report:

3M Group, Novartis AG and Integra Lifesciences Holdings Corporation.

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The Regenerative Medicine market is divided into several essential sectors, including application, type and region . Each market segment is extensively studied in the report, taking into account market acceptance, value, demand and growth prospects. Segmentation analysis allows customers to customize their marketing approach to place better orders for each segment and identify the most potential customer base

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In terms of geography, this research report covers almost every major region in the world, such as North America, Europe, South America, the Middle East and Africa and Asia Pacific. Europe and North America are expected to increase in the coming years. The Asia Pacific Regenerative Medicine market is expected to grow significantly during the forecast period. The latest technologies and innovations are the most important features of North America and the main reason why the United States dominates the world market. The South American market for Regenerative Medicine is also expected to grow in the near future.

The report covers the impacts of COVID-19 on the market.

The ongoing pandemic has changed several facets of the market. This research report provides financial impacts and market disruption to the Regenerative Medicine market. It also includes analyzing potential opportunities and challenges in the foreseeable future. insightSLICEinterviewed several industry delegates and engaged in primary and secondary research to provide customers with information and strategies to address market challenges during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Regenerative Medicine Market 2020 Business Growth, Technology and Production Analysis, Opportunities and Regional Market Scope by 2030 KSU | The...

The increased incidence of chronic illnesses and genetic disorders and increased spending by governments are driving the demand for the market. Market Size USD 3.05 Billion in 2019, Market Growth - CAGR of 9.3%, Market Trends High demand for stem cell technology

This press release was orginally distributed by SBWire

Vancouver, BC -- (SBWIRE) -- 02/11/2021 -- Regenerative medicine can be defined as the category of medicine that delves into the replacement or regeneration of human tissues, cells, and organs for re-establishing the normal functionality of the body.

The treatment of specific indications and chronic conditions is expected to have significant effects on healthcare. Therefore, a high prevalence, combined with increasing global geriatric population and cancer, neurodegenerative, orthopedic and other aging-related disorders drive market growth. In addition, the increasing prevalence of genetic diseases inherited in the field of biotechnology is expected to increase demand.

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Regenerative Medicine Market Drivers

Factors that can be attributed to the growth in the market are a robust product pipeline in clinical trials and government and private funding. Many companies are investing in research and development to enhance their products with the latest technological advancements and comply with the unmet consumer needs.

Leading Key players in the market include Integra LifeSciences Corporation, Astellas Pharma Inc., Corline Biomedical AB, COOK BIOTECH, INC., Bayer BV, Abbott, AstraZeneca, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pfizer Inc., and Merck & Co., Inc., among others.

Companies are developing products for diabetes, neurological diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disorders due to the rising number of these diseases. Diabetes and obesity may lead to an increase in the complexity of wounds like ulcerations on the legs or foot, infections, and surgical wounds, which require treatments and result in high costs.

For the purpose of this report, Emergen Research has segmented into the global Regenerative Medicine Market on the basis of Product, Therapeutic Category, Application, and region:

Product Outlook (Revenue: USD Billion; Volume: Million Tons; 2017-2027)TherapeuticsToolsBanksServices

Therapeutic Category Outlook (Revenue: USD Billion; Volume: Million Tons; 2017-2027)DermatologyMusculoskeletalImmunology & InflammationOncologyCardiovascularOphthalmologyOthers

Application Outlook (Revenue: USD Billion; Volume: Million Tons; 2017-2027)Musculoskeletal DisordersWound CareOncologyOcular DisordersDiabetes

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North America had the largest share of revenue of regenerative medicines in 2019 and its dominant position is expected to continue in the forthcoming period. A large number of universities and academic organizations are expected to fuel development by exploring various stem cell-based regenerative approaches.

Regional Landscape

On the basis of region, North America held the largest revenue share of the regenerative medicine market owing to the presence of a vast number of key players in the region. Also, the emergence of innovative technologies and the presence of many research institutes are factors responsible for driving the market's growth.

In market segmentation by geographical regions, the report has analysed the following regions-

North America (USA, Canada and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Columbia etc.)

Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

Asia-Pacific region is estimated to register the fastest growth in the near future, which can be attributed to the continuously improving infrastructure for enhancing healthcare research in many countries. Additionally, rapidly changing lifestyles, an increase in the aging population, and rising medical needs are some of the major factors responsible for driving the regenerative medicine market's growth.

Table of Content

Chapter 1. Methodology & Sources

1.1. Market Definition

1.2. Research Scope

1.3. Methodology

1.4. Research Sources

1.4.1. Primary

1.4.2. Secondary

1.4.3. Paid Sources

1.5. Market Estimation Technique

Chapter 2. Executive Summary

2.1. Summary Snapshot, 2019-2027

Chapter 3. Key Insights

Chapter 4. Regenerative Medicine Market Segmentation & Impact Analysis

4.1. Regenerative Medicine Market Material Segmentation Analysis

4.2. Industrial Outlook

4.2.1. Market indicators analysis

4.2.2. Market drivers analysis

4.2.2.1. Presence of strong pipeline portfolio and high number of clinical trials

4.2.2.2. Major milestones & key events in regenerative medicine

4.2.2.3. High economic impact of regenerative medicine

4.2.2.4. Emerging applications of gene therapy in regenerative medicine

4.2.3. Market restraints analysis

4.2.3.1. High cost of treatment

4.2.3.2. Industry Challenges

4.2.3.3. Regulatory issues regenerative medicine

4.3. Technological Insights

4.4. Regulatory Framework

4.5. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

4.6. Competitive Metric Space Analysis

4.7. Price trend Analysis

4.8. Covid-19 Impact Analysis

Chapter 5. Regenerative Medicine Market By Product Insights & Trends, Revenue (USD Billion)

5.1. Product Dynamics & Market Share, 2019 & 2027

5.1.1. Therapeutics

5.1.2. Tools

5.1.3. Banks

5.1.4. Services

Chapter 6. Regenerative Medicine Market By Therapeutic Category Insights & Trends Revenue (USD Billion)

6.1. Therapeutic Category Dynamics & Market Share, 2019 & 2027

6.1.1. Dermatology

6.1.2. Musculoskeletal

6.1.3. Immunology & Inflammation

6.1.4. Oncology

6.1.5. Cardiovascular

6.1.6. Ophthalmology

6.1.7. Others

Chapter 7. Regenerative Medicine Market By - Application Insights & Trends Revenue (USD Billion)

7.1. Application Dynamics & Market Share, 2019 & 2027

7.1.1. Musculoskeletal Disorders

7.1.2. Wound Care

7.1.3. Oncology

7.1.4. Ocular Disorders

7.1.5. Diabetes

Continue!

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Regenerative Medicine Market Revenue, Statistics, Industry Growth and Demand Analysis Research Report by 2027 - Press Release - Digital Journal

TAMPA, Fla. The parents of a Florida boy battling cancer are asking for the publics help in finding a life-saving blood stem cell donor.

Jakobe "Kobe" Washington, 8, was diagnosed with leukemia in August. Hes receiving treatment at All Childrens Hospital in St. Petersburg.

"Its tough to see your kid fighting a fight, and you cant do anything but be there to support him, no control in it at all," said his father Jordan Washington.

With chemotherapy not working, Kobes family says he is now in desperate need of a blood stem cell transplant.

"For Jakobe, his life depends on it," said his mother Imeria Price.

According to Be The Match, the national marrow donor program, Black patients are the least likely to find a matching donor when battling blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma.

"Finding a matching donor is difficult, and of the 22 million potential donors on the Be The Match Registry, there are no ideal matches for Kobe," said Erica Sevilla. "This is partially because ancestry matters in finding a match and African Americans only make up 4% of the registry. The end result: Less than 1 in 4 Black patients find a match compared to 3 in 4 White patients."

Be The Match held a COVID-safe, drive-thru cheek swabbing event Friday. Dozens of people showed up to see if they may be a match. A second event will be held on Saturday from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. at WestShore Plaza in Tampa.

Individuals who cannot make the swabbing event can join the registry by texting KOBE to 61474 and a cheek swab kit will be mailed to their home.

"I have a bright future planned ahead of me, Kobe said Thursday from a hospital bed in St. Pete. I just need your help to get through this and Im going to keep fighting."

Be The Match is hoping to find donors between the ages of 18 and 44, which they say has the highest success rate for donations.

Jessie McNeil hopes he can be a match for Kobe, or anyone else on the waiting list. God has given me a blessed life and a fortunate life so I would love for Kobe to be able to experience life as well, he said.

Bekin Burkinshaw also got his cheeks swapped to see if he could help. Theres 22 million people in the database and not a single match for Kobe which is kind of an unbelievable statistic to think is real, so I think its important to try to give him that one person who could help him out and save his life, added.

See the rest here:
Florida boy battling cancer in need of blood stem cell donor - ABC Action News

(Feb 2021) The latest report published by Polaris Market Research, titled Global Regenerative Medicine Market by Company, Region, Type and Application, Forecast for 2026provides key information about the current status and prospects of the market. The report focuses on market size, share, growth, emerging trends and market area analysis. The research also includes a comprehensive analysis of various market factors, including market drivers, restrictions, trends, risks, and opportunities that are common in the market.

The report provides an in-depth analysis of the global Regenerative Medicine market, which can help market participants design strategies and improve the profitability of their businesses. The study also outlines the major companies that exist in the market and their market shares, growth rates and product launches. The report covers the rapidly changing market scenario and covers the initial and future assessment of the impact

Ask for Sample copy: https://www.polarismarketresearch.com/industry-analysis/regenerative-medicine-market/request-for-sample

The report produced by Polaris Market Research is widely known for its accuracy, because it is composed of precise charts, tables and graphs that clearly depict the development of past products and their market performance and predict future trends. It uses statistical surveys for SWOT analysis, PESTLE analysis, predictive analysis and real-time analysis.

Manufacturers covered in this report are:

Regenerative Medicine market include Organogenesis Inc., Vericel Corporation, Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., Stryker Corporation, and NuVasive, Inc., Medtronic Plc., Acelity, Cook Biotech Inc., Integra LifeSciences, C.R. Bard

*Note: Additional companies can be included on request

The study is a source of reliable data on:

Research methodology

In order to infer the market size, the report considered various aspects on the basis of secondary research. In addition, data points such as product segmentation and market segmentation are also divided by end use. It also combines the qualitative opinions of the main interviewees to arrive at an appropriate market estimate. The forecast provided in the report assesses the total revenue generated by the Regenerative Medicine market and the expected revenue contribution.

When formulating market forecasts, the report will determine the size of the current market, which is the basis for predicting how the market will form in the near future. Market Insights triangulates data through different analysis based on supply side, demand side and other dynamics. The report not only provides CAGR forecasts, but also analyzes the market based on key parameters such as year-on-year (Y-o-Y) growth to understand the predictability of the market and identify the right opportunities.

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The regional analysis covers:

Regenerative Medicine Market Segmentation:

Regenerative Medicine Market Size and Forecast by Therapy Type, 2015-2026

Regenerative Medicine Market Size and Forecast by Product Type, 2015-2026

Regenerative Medicine Market Size and Forecast by Application Type, 2015-2026

Highlights of the report:

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Regenerative Medicine Market Report Provides An In-Depth Insight Of Demand And Trends Forecast To 2026 | Regenerative Medicine market include...

Sperm are simple cells with a straightforward job: swim until they reach an egg, then fertilize it. But in mice, some sperm resort to divisive tactics in order to gain the advantage.

A study published on February 4 in the journal PLOS Genetics shows that a genetic variation in mouse sperm, called the t-type, can give a swimmer the upper hand. These t-type sperm are able to spread a protein called RAC1 that essentially poisons other sperm. T-type sperm plant the seeds of destruction early in their development, then fortify themselves against RAC-1, Brandon Specktor reports for Live Science. When it comes time to race for the egg, the t-type sperm can swim in a straight line while poisoned sperm swim in hapless circles until they die.

We found out that the level of this protein can be more or less active, depending on whether the sperm have the gene to make it, and whether that gene is flipped on like a light switch, says biologist Alexandra Amaral of the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics to Kassidy Vavra at Inverse. The level of protein that is on has to be quite well regulated. If it is too much, sperm don't move well. And if its too low, it also doesnt move well theyre kind of in circles.

T-type sperm produce the RAC1 protein at full throttle.

If all of the sperm in a group are t-type, and theyre all making RAC1, they will all struggle because there is so much of the poisonous protein going around, Sara Rigby reports for Science Focus magazine. On the other hand, if there are no t-type sperm present, then all the other sperm remain relatively healthy and swim well because theres no overabundance of RAC1. However, if a cohort has a mix of t-type and normal sperm, then t-type will have the advantage.

"The trick is that the t-haplotype 'poisons' all sperm, but at the same time produces an antidote, which acts only in t-sperm and protects them," says Bernhard Herrmann, director of the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, in a statement. "Imagine a marathon, in which all participants get poisoned drinking water, but some runners also take an antidote."

The t-type sperm do the equivalent of poisoning the drinking water early in sperm development, affecting both themselves and their non-variant peers. All of the sperm inherit genes that make it difficult to interpret the chemical signals around them. But in the final cell division of sperm development, when half of a cells genes go to one sperm and the other half to another, only the sperm that inherit the t-type variation have an extra set of genes that reverses the poisons effect, per Live Science.

The poisoned sperm end up swimming in circles, unable to advance in their quest. But the impervious t-type sperm swim ahead. In this case, theres a 99 percent chance that the sperm that fertilizes the egg first will have the t-type variation. The research shows the importance of small genetic variations in sperms success, Amaral tells Inverse.

The study was conducted in about 100 mouse sperm cells, but not all species sperm behave the same way, University of California, Berkeley, cell biologist Polina Lishko tells Inverse. The study is preliminary, but future research could illuminate the specific molecular mechanism behind RAC1 that makes it damaging to sperm at high levels.

An earlier study showed a similar effect of RAC1 on bull sperm, which is more similar to human sperm than a mouses is. Amaral says that the team plans to conduct future research with human sperm, to see if RAC1 might be involved with some cases of male infertility.

Original post:
Mice Sperm Sabotage Other Swimmers With Poison | Smart News - Smithsonian Magazine

Newswise Considered the most lethal form of DNA damage, double-strand breaks must be repaired to prevent cell death. In developing therapies for hard-to-treat breast and ovarian cancers in patients with BRCA gene mutations, scientists aim to identify ways to keep cancer cells from using DNA break repair pathways. New findings demonstrate a previously-unknown capability for polymerase theta (pol theta) a key enzyme in this repair function that shows promise as a new avenue for treatment development.

The study results are published in Molecular Cell.

Researchers at the University of Vermont (UVM), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MD Anderson), and Yale University discovered that pol theta, previously known to extend DNA in the repair process, is also able to behave like a nuclease and trim DNA.

Because these cancer cells rely on the pol theta pathway to survive and repair double-strand breaks, researchers have been focused on pol theta and trying to find out how to inhibit this pathway.

Pol theta is a hot enzyme right now, says senior author and self-described polymerase geek Sylvie Doubli, Ph.D., professor of microbiology and molecular genetics at the UVM Larner College of Medicine and the UVM Cancer Center. This is a new activity for pol theta; its an elegant way of solving the problem you only need one enzyme.

For patients with hard-to-treat cancers, this finding could lead to the development of new therapeutic options, like the Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors class of drugs that have been used to treat breast and ovarian cancer over the past decade.

The cell has to decide which function needs to be applied and this trimming activity is a point of vulnerability for pol theta, says Doubli. One aim of the research is to create conditions where one reaction can be encouraged over the other.

A potential role for such an inhibitor would be to improve ionizing radiation therapy in cancer patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.

Doublis former doctoral student Karl Zahn, Ph.D., now a postdoctoral fellow at Yale, saw evidence of this dual function in pol theta several years ago while working in Doublis lab. He carried out the experiments described in the paper after engaging the expertise of Richard Wood, Ph.D., professor of epigenetics and molecular carcinogenesis at MD Anderson. Wood and Doubli have had a long-term collaboration, funded by a Program Project grant from the National Cancer Institute.

Conducting the experiments, controls, and reproducing the findings took the research team several years but was critical to confirming this discovery.

It was an unexpected finding, and the biochemistry makes sense, suggesting a way to inhibit the DNA repair process orchestrated by pol theta, says Wood.

The trimming reaction is rapid, and many people missed it, says Doubli, adding that the research teams patience and work paid off. Chance favors only the prepared mind, she says, quoting the late French scientist Louis Pasteur.

Excerpt from:
Study Identifies Never-Before-Seen Dual Function in Enzyme Critical for Cancer Growth - Newswise

Some sperm cells are ruthless manipulators that will literally poison their competition in the race to fertilize an egg, new research shows.

In a study published Feb. 4 in the journal PLOS Genetics, researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG) in Berlin studied mouse sperm cells under the microscope to better understand the effects of a particular DNA sequence known as the t-haplotype. The team knew from previous research that sperm cells carrying this sequence tend to swim straighter (rather than in circles of death) and faster on average than competing sperm without it.

Now, they've found that those highly-effective sperms' tactics are a little less than sportsmanly.

Related: The 7 biggest mysteries of the human body

"Sperm with the t-haplotype manage to disable sperm without it," study co-author Bernhard Herrmann, director at the MPIMG, said in a statement. "The trick is that the thaplotype 'poisons' all sperm, but at the same time produces an antidote, which acts only in t-sperm [those with the t-haplotype] and protects them."

The result, Herrmann said, is sort of like a marathon "in which all the participants get poisoned drinking water," but only some of the runners have access to the antidote.

The t-haplotype is a series of linked genes occupying chromosome 17 in house mice all over the world. (Unlike humans, who have 23 pairs of chromosomes, mice have only 20). Herrmann and other researchers have called it a "selfish" gene genetic material with a single mission: to make copies of itself. Because of the t-haplotype's ruthless effectiveness at passing from one generation to the next, according to the researchers, male mice carrying one copy of the t-haplotype will transmit it to up to 99% of their offspring.

After studying more than 100 mouse sperm cells, Herrmann and his colleagues learned more about the selfish haplotype's devious tactics. They found that the t-haplotype "poisons" all sperm cells during the early phases of sperm production, injecting every cell with certain genes that inhibit their ability to regulate movement.

It's not until a later phase, when each cell divides in half, that the "antidote" comes into play. After dividing, half of the sperm cells inherit the t-haplotype genes on chromosome 17. For those lucky sperm, the t-haplotype provides new genetic variants that reverse the inhibiting effects of the "poison" that every cell consumed during the previous phase of development.

For the other half of sperm cells, which don't carry the t-haplotype or its genetic "antidote," life becomes a lot harder. These poisoned cells have a lot more trouble moving in a straight line (an important skill for a cell whose only job is to race full-speed-ahead to an unfertilized egg). In their study, the researchers saw that many sperm without the antidote literally swam in circles until they died, while their t-haplotype competitors charged straight ahead.

"Our data highlight the fact that sperm cells are ruthless competitors," Herrmann said. "Genetic differences can give individual sperm an advantage in the race for life, thus promoting the transmission of particular gene variants to the next generation."

Originally published on Live Science.

Continued here:
Devious sperm 'poison' their rivals, forcing them to swim in circles until they die - Livescience.com

AURORA, Colo. (KDVR) The novel coronavirus can rapidly mutate inside of compromised patients and give way to new and more dangerous variants, according to new research from a University of Colorado School of Medicine scientist.

David Pollock, a professor of biochemistry and molecular genetics, co-authored the research in the journal Nature.

He studied a patient in his 70s who had COVID-19 and cancer. In just weeks, the virus mutated multiple times and variants that survived were the strongest and most dangerous.

Its allowing for a much more rapid accumulation of mutationsthan if they go on to infect other people, Pollock said.

In the case of the patient Pollock studied, who ultimately died, the variants were not allowed to escape and infect others. But in other cases the variants do. This has most likely led to the more infectious and possibly more harmful variants in the United Kingdom, South Africa and Brazil.

This is like a pandemic in a pandemic, Pollock said. These are spreading amongst the people who are infected.

These variants are also affecting the COVID-19 vaccine. This is most notable with the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, which went through clinical trials later than the vaccines currently approved.

The vaccine was 72% effective in the United States, but just 58% effective in South Africa, where a variant was running rampant.

The worry and the concern is that the vaccines will be less effective, Pollock said. Its much better to take the vaccine. Youre much (more) likely to be better off if youre protected against the old virus.

Pollock said one way to get ahead of the variants is to do more genome sequencing. Hes now pushing the state to do that.

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More needs to be done to find and fight COVID-19 variants, says Colorado researcher - FOX 31 Denver

In the life-or-death scramble to fertilize an egg, not all sperm are alike. A new study of mice by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG) in Berlin identifies a genetic factor called "t-haplotype," whose tag-team act with the protein RAC1 helps a spermatozoan speed straight to the prize.

The study is published in PLOS Genetics.

Credit: ibreakstock/Adobe Stock

The researchers conducted experiments with mouse sperm to learn more about the properties of the t-haplotype, a group of genetic alleles that are known to appear on Chromosome 17 of mice.

Comparing the movement of mouse sperm with the t-haplotype against sperm without it, the researchers, led by first author Alexandra Amaral of MPIMG, definitively demonstrated the difference t-haplotype makes. Sperm with the gene factor progressed quickly forward, while "normal" sperm didn't exhibit the same degree of progress.

While most genes operate cooperatively with others, some don't. Among these "selfish" genes are the t-haplotype.

"Genes that violate this rule by unfairly increasing their chance of transmission can gain large fitness advantages at the detriment of those that act fairly. This leads to selection for selfish adaptations and, as a result, counter-adaptations to this selfishness, initiating an arms race between these selfish genetic elements and the rest of the genome." Jan-Niklas Runge, Anna K. Lindholm, 2018

"Sperm with the t-haplotype manage to disable sperm without it," says corresponding study author Bernhard Herrmann, also of MPIMG.

"The trick is that the t-haplotype 'poisons' all sperm," he explains, "but at the same time produces an antidote, which acts only in t-sperm and protects them. Imagine a marathon in which all participants get poisoned drinking water, but some runners also take an antidote."

The t-haplotype distributes a factor that distorts, or "poisons," the integrity of genetic regulatory signals. This goes out to all mouse sperm that carry the t-haplotype in the early stage of spermatogenesis. Chromosomes split as they mature, and half the sperm that retain the t-haplotype produce another factor that reverse the distortion, neutralizing the "poison." These t-sperm hold onto this antidote for themselves.

RAC1

Credit: Emw/Wikimedia

RAC1 acts as a molecular switch outside the sperm cell. It is known to be a protein that guides cells to different places in the body. For example, it directs white blood cells and cancer cells towards other cells that are putting out specific chemical signatures. The study suggests that RAC1 may point sperm toward an egg, helping it "sniff" out its target.

In addition, the presence of RAC1 seems to help the t-sperm carry out their sabotage. The researchers demonstrated this by introducing an RAC1 inhibitor to a mixed population of sperm. Prior to its introduction, the t-sperm in the group were "poisoning" their normal neighbors, causing them to move poorly. When the inhibitor neutralized the populations' RAC1, the t-sperms' dirty trick no longer worked, and the normal sperm began moving progressively.

However important RAC1 may be to t-sperm, too much or too little is problematic. Says Amaral, "The competitiveness of individual sperm seems to depend on an optimal level of active RAC1; both reduced or excessive RAC1 activity interferes with effective forward movement."

When females have two t-haplotypes on Chromosome 17, they are fertile. When sperm have one t-haplotype, their motility may be negatively affected, but when they have two, they are sterile. The researchers discovered the reason: They have much higher levels of RAC1.

At the same time, the study finds that normal sperm who aren't being held back by t-sperm stop moving progressively when RAC1 is inhibited, meaning that too little RAC1 also results in low motility.

Herrmann sums up the insights the study offers:

"Our data highlight the fact that sperm cells are ruthless competitors. Genetic differences can give individual sperm an advantage in the race for life, thus promoting the transmission of particular gene variants to the next generation."

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Read the original here:
Selfish sperm genes 'poison' the competition for the win - Big Think

It takes just one sperm to fertilize a womans egg and for each sperm that reaches the egg, there are millions that dont. You probably knew that already, but heres the thing: not all sperm cells are equal. Some have mutations in their DNA sequence that allow them to swim straighter, rather than in circles, and faster on average than their competition. Whats more, sperm cells can even employ gruesome tactics, such as poisoning their neighbors in order to enhance their odds of fertilizing the egg.

The difference between a loser and a winner sperm cell could be down to a protein: RAC1. In a new study, researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (MPIMG) in Germany studied mouse sperm cells under the microscope, finding that this protein is responsible for guiding the sperm in the right direction by chemically signaling from the outside and activating other proteins.

The RAC1 protein plays a critical role in controlling the motility of sperm, in particular the average path velocity and linearity. This protein is produced in sperm that carry a particular DNA sequence known as the t-haplotype.

The researchers in Germany knew from previous research that it is thanks to this genetic sequence that some sperm swim in a straighter path and at a faster velocity than sperm lacking the t-haplotype. However, they were shocked to learn that t-haplotype sperm can also poison their competition by injecting them with certain genes that inhibit movement.

Sperm with the t-haplotype manage to disable sperm without it, study co-author Bernhard Herrmann, director at the MPIMG, said in a statement. The trick is that the thaplotype poisons all sperm, but at the same time produces an antidote, which acts only in t-sperm [those with the t-haplotype] and protects them.

In other words, it literally is a race for life (or death) for the millions of sperm cells on a quest to fertilize egg cells and luck seems to play a minor role.

Imagine a marathon, in which all participants get poisoned drinking water, but some runners also take an antidote, said Herrmann, who is also the director of the Institute of Medical Genetics at Charit Universittsmedizin Berlin. Thats the same hospital where Kremlin critic and Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny was treated after being poisoned, allegedly by the Russian government.

According to experiments, the vast majority of sperm cells that made little progress on their paths were genetically normal, whereas those that moved in a straight and optimal path mostly had the t-haplotype genetic factor. Poisoned cells literally swam in circles until they died. Meanwhile, t-haplotype sperm that had the antidote that inhibited the effects of the poison charge straight ahead.

Our data highlight the fact that sperm cells are ruthless competitors, says Herrmann.Genetic differences can give individual sperm an advantage in the race for life, thus promoting the transmission of particular gene variants to the next generation, says the scientist.

The findings were reported in the journal PLOS Genetics.

See more here:
Some sperm cells swim faster and even poison their competition to climb to the top - ZME Science

Mutations in any of 10 autism-linked genes lead to the same overabundance of brain cells that develop into neurons, according to a new study of the mutations in frogs. The sex hormone estrogen lowers this excess, the researchers also found.

Autism is linked to hundreds of genes, but how mutations in this varied pool lead to the same traits remains unknown. The new work sought to pinpoint where the genes effects converge.

Finding shared risk and resilience factors sustains our hope that the field can use the study of individual genes to find treatment targets that work more broadly, says lead investigator Matthew State, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the University of California, San Francisco.

State and his colleagues used CRISPR to edit genes in a species of frog called Xenopus tropicalis. Although researchers typically model autism in mice, rats and even monkeys, Xenopus offers advantages from day one: Once its first fertilized cell divides into two, each daughter cell and all of its progeny stay on their respective side. As a result, a daughter cell with an edited gene on the left will grow into a tadpole with that mutation in every cell on the left half of its body and only the left half. Researchers can also readily observe stages of brain development in the tadpoles that occur in utero in people and other animals.

The convergence the team observed suggests that all 10 of the genes studied play a role in the early development of neurons, in addition to their other functions, says study investigator Helen Willsey, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of California, San Francisco.

Understanding this role could ultimately lead to better treatments for autism, but that is still a long way off: Premature would be too generous a word, State says.

What we really need right now is a molecular mechanism, Willsey says. In order to get therapeutics, we need to know what these genes are doing, whats in common to them and what are some pathways we could manipulate.

In a day, a pair of Xenopus frogs can produce thousands of embryos, which develop into tadpoles in about a week.

In each frog embryo, the researchers edited one of 10 genes strongly associated with autism: ADNP, ANK2, ARID1B, CHD2, CHD8, DYRK1A, NRXN1, POGZ, SCN2A or SYNGAP1. All 10 are expressed in the frogs cerebrum at stages that line up with prenatal brain development in people, the team found.

Tadpoles with any of the mutations had either unusually large or small cerebrums. And they all had a higher proportion of neural progenitor cells those that eventually become neurons or other brain cells to mature neurons than controls did.

Thats what was so surprising to us, Willsey says. Even for genes that are thought to be primarily at the synapse, we still saw changes in brain size and neural progenitor maturation.

In prenatal human brains, the 10 genes, plus 92 others linked to autism, all encode proteins that interact with proteins in a layer of the cortex where neural differentiation happens, an analysis of a protein-interaction database showed.

The researchers then turned down DYRK1A expression in the tadpoles brains using a chemical inhibitor and tested the effects of 133 cancer drugs designed to suppress cell growth; 17 drugs altered the progenitor cell ratio, including 3 that affect the bodys use of estrogen. Adding estrogen to the tadpoles water restored the cell imbalance. Mutations that altered the function of estrogen receptors led to the same reductions in cerebrum size as the autism genes. The work was published in Neuron in January.

The findings suggest that estrogen plays an important role in the creation of neurons, Willsey says, and that a better understanding of this role could point to treatment targets. Estrogen itself cannot be given as a treatment because of its effects on development, she says.

Estrogen may partially explain the higher rates of autism observed in boys and men, Willsey says, although at least some of the difference in prevalence may be due to underdiagnosis of the condition in girls and women. Estrogen reduces hyperactivity in zebrafish with mutations in the autism-linked gene CNTNAP2, States lab previously showed.

The teams method could be useful for both screening drugs and studying genes whose functions are less well known, says Sarah Elsea, professor of molecular and human genetics at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas, who was not involved in the work.

The process they laid out is quite nice, she says. Its a template to do additional work.

It could also help researchers identify drugs to alleviate specific difficulties seen in autistic people with different underlying genetics, such as circadian rhythm disruptions that lead to sleep problems, Elsea says.

One of the greatest possible outcomes that we have from something like this is that there might be one medication that [works in] individuals who have [autism] associated with those 10 genes, Elsea says. Maybe there is something that could be identified that would help make their days just a little bit better.

The approach could also be used identify commonalities across genes related to psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, says Kristen Brennand, a faculty member in the psychiatry department at Yale University, who was not involved in the work.

Its more evidence [that] there needs to be a systematic way of manipulating genes linked to these conditions, Brennand says.

The brain changes observed in the frogs may not relate to autism, because the 10 genes studied are known to be important for neuron and synapse development generally, says David Cutler, professor of human genetics at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, who was not involved in the work.

You dont know really what to make of it, Cutler says. The autism phenotype in humans is much more subtle than size of brain. And its much more subtle than number of neurons.

Still, the method could eventually point to a system that will translate to people, he says.

Is it plausible? Yes, Cutler says. Are we there? No.

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Mutations in frogs point to autism genes' shared role in neurogenesis - Spectrum

War broke out just as Sanja Fidlers grandmother graduated from medical school and the young doctors experience treating the wounded led her to become one of the first female plastic surgeons in her country.

She was my main source of inspiration, says Fidler, a computer vision expert from Slovenia.

She loved science and she would always inspire me to think about science. She would play board games with me. She loved to hear about me going to math competitions, chess competitions and, later, when I was an adult, the conferences.

When Fidler was working on her PhD, it was her grandmother who encouraged her to go abroad, to experience something new, to see something beyond the environment Id experienced all my life and thats what I did, Fidler says.

I guess Im here because of her.

For Fidler, here is the University of Toronto, where the award-winning researcher is an associate professor of mathematical and computational sciences at U of T Mississauga and a director of AI at NVIDIA.

Shes also one of a number of women at U of T all award-winning researchers in science, technology, engineering and math featured on social media to mark theInternational Day of Women and Girls in Science as part of a campaign aimed at encouraging girls and women to pursue careers in STEM.

The outreach is important because role models and representation matter, says Professor Christine Allen, U of Ts associate vice-president and vice-provost, strategic initiatives.

We know that, globally, women in STEM face lower salaries and higher exit rates than men so its not surprising that fewer than 30 per cent of the worlds researchers in science, technology, engineering and math are women, Allen says. Weve seen what can happen when we work for change when we make concerted efforts to eliminate obstacles, engage and recruit girls and women. Since 2014, for example, women have enrolled in equal or greater numbers than men at the Temerty Faculty of Medicine. But we have a long way to go.

Significant work also remains to be done to overcome the barriers faced by women in STEM with disabilities and/or women in STEM from the BIPOC and LBGTQ+ communities. Issues of racism and discrimination against women in STEM who are from diverse communities must be addressed. It is up to each of us to create an environment in STEM where all girls and women feel welcome and are able to contribute and succeed.

Along with Fidler, the campaign highlights physiologist Patricia Brubaker, cosmologist Rene Hloek, evolutionary biologist Maydianne Andrade, computational medical expert Marzyeh Ghassemi, hepatologist Mamatha Bhat and biomedical engineer Molly Shoichet just a few of the universitys many award-winning women researchers in STEM.

Ghassemi, an assistant professor in the Temerty Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Arts & Science, counts her mother among her own role models and mentors. She says her mother home-schooled her and instilled a love of science. The late Mildred Dresselhaus, a legendary professor she met while she was a graduate student at MIT, also encouraged her as did Lila Ibrahim, who was Ghassemis boss at Intel when she was just beginning her career.

She always said, you can do that just do it, try it, Ghassemi says. That was really inspirational to me that she believed that anything I chose to focus on I could accomplish, when I was very young, in this new job.

Inspiring young women and girls is the goal of the U of T campaign, says Professor Leah Cowen, chair of the department of molecular genetics in the Temerty Faculty of Medicine and, as of March 1, U of Ts associate vice-president, research.

This reflects the universitys commitment to equity, diversity and inclusion signalled by signing the federal governments Dimensions Charter in 2019. We hope its message reaches young women and girls who may be just beginning to consider STEM as a rewarding career. The world needs their talent, their leadership and their innovation.

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We are scientists: U of T researchers reach out to girls and women around the world - News@UofT