StemCell Therapy

Embryonic stem cells. The ethical issues associated with stem cell research could be resolved through the use of induced pluripotent stem cells, which are derived from fully committed and differentiated cells of the adult body

The almost miraculous benefits that stem cells may one day deliver have long been speculated on. Capable of becoming different types of cells, they offer huge promise in terms of transplant and regenerative medicine. It is, however, also a medical field that urges caution one that must constantly battle exaggeration. If stem cells do in fact hold the potential to reverse the ageing process, for example, then such breakthroughs remain many years away.

Recently, though, the field has had cause for excitement. In 2006, Japanese researcher Shinya Yamanaka discovered that mature cells could be reprogrammed to become pluripotent, meaning they can give rise to any cell type of the body. In 2012, the discovery of these induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) saw Yamanaka and British biologist John Gurdon awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Since then, there has been much talk regarding the potential iPSCs possess, not only for the world of medicine, but for society more generally, too.

A big stepHistorically, one of the major hurdles preventing further research into stem cells has been an ethical one. Until the discovery of iPSCs, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) represented the predominant area of research, with cells being taken from preimplantation human embryos. This process, however, involves the destruction of the embryo and, therefore, prevents the development of human life. Due to differences in opinion over when life is said to begin during embryonic development, stem cell researchers face an ethical quandary.

The promise of significant health benefits and new revenue streams has led some clinics to offer unproven stem cell treatments to individuals

With iPSCs, though, no such dilemmas exist. IPSCs are almost identical to ESCs but are derived from fully committed and differentiated cells of the adult body, such as a skin cell. Like ESCs, iPSCs are pluripotent and, as they are stem cells, can self-renew and differentiate, remaining indefinitely propagated and retaining the ability to give rise to any human cell type over time.

One important distinction to make is that both ESCs and iPSCs do not exist in nature, Vittorio Sebastiano, Assistant Professor (Research) of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology) at Stanford Universitys Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, told The New Economy. They are both beautiful laboratory artefacts. This means that at any stage of development, you cannot find ESCs or iPSCs in the developing embryo, foetus or even in the postnatal or adult body. Both ESCs and iPSCs can only be established and propagated in the test tube.

The reason neither ESCs nor iPSCs can be found in the body is that they harbour the potential to be very dangerous. As Sebastiano explained, these cells could spontaneously differentiate into tumorigenic masses because of their intrinsic ability to give rise to any cell type of the body. Over many years of research, scientists have learned how to isolate parts of the embryo (in the case of ESCs) and apply certain culture conditions that can lock cells in their proliferative and stem conditions. The same is true for iPSCs.

To create iPSCs, scientists take adult cells and exogenously provide a cocktail of embryonic factors, known as Yamanaka factors, for a period of two to three weeks. If the expression of such factors is sustained for long enough, they can reset the programme of the adult cells and establish an embryonic-like programme.

Turning back the clockThere is already a significant body of research dedicated to how stem cells can be used to treat disease. For example, mesenchymal stem cells (usually taken from adult bone marrow) have been deployed to treat bone fractures or as treatments for autoimmune diseases. It is hoped that iPSCs could hold the key for many more treatments.

Global stem cell market:25.5%Expected compound annual growth rate (2018-24)$467bnExpected market value (2024)

IPSCs are currently utilised to model diseases in vitro for drug screening and to develop therapies that one day will be implemented in people, Sebastiano explained. Given their ability to differentiate into any cell type, iPSCs can be used to differentiate into, for example, neurons or cardiac cells, and study specific diseases. In addition, once differentiated they can be used to test drugs on the relevant cell type. Some groups and companies are developing platforms for cell therapy, and I am personally involved in two projects that will soon reach the clinical stage.

Perhaps the most exciting prospects draw on iPSCs regenerative properties. Over time, cells age for a variety of reasons namely, increased oxidative stress, inflammation and exposure to pollutants or sunlight, among others. All these inputs lead to an accumulation of epigenetic mistakes those that relate to gene expression rather than an alteration of the genetic code itself in the cells, which, over time, results in the aberrant expression of genes, dysfunctionality at different levels, reduced mitochondrial activity, senescence and more besides. Although the epigenetic changes that occur with time may not be the primary cause of ageing, the epigenetic landscape ultimately affects and controls cell functionality.

What we have shown is that, if instead of being expressed for two weeks we express the reprogramming factors for a very short time, then we see that the cells rejuvenate without changing their identity, Sebastiano said. In other words, if you take a skin cell and express the reprogramming genes for two to four days, what you get is a younger skin cell.

By reprogramming a cell into an iPSC, you end up with an embryonic-like cell the reprogramming erases any epigenetic errors. If expressed long enough, it erases the epigenetic information of cell identity, leaving embryonic-like cells that are also young.

Slow and steadyAs with any scientific advancement, financial matters are key. According to Market Research Engine, the global stem cell market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 25.5 percent between 2018 and 2024, eventually reaching a market value of $467bn. The emergence of iPSCs has played a significant role in shaping these predictions, with major bioscience players, such as Australias Mesoblast and the US Celgene, working on treatments involving this particular type of stem cell.

The business potential around stem cell research is huge, Sebastiano told The New Economy. [Particularly] when it comes to developing cell banks for which we have detailed genetic information and, for example, studying how different drugs are toxic or not on certain genetic backgrounds, or when specific susceptibility mutations are present.

Unfortunately, even as the business cases for iPSC treatments increase, a certain degree of caution must be maintained. The promise of significant health benefits and new revenue streams has led some clinics to offer unproven stem cell treatments to individuals. There have been numerous reports of complications emerging, including the formation of a tumour following experimental stem cell treatment in one particular patient, as recorded in the Canadian Medical Association Journal last year. Such failures risk setting the field back years.

The challenge for researchers now will be one of balance. The potential of iPSCs is huge both in terms of medical progress and business development but can easily be undermined by misuse. Medical advancements, particularly ones as profound as those associated with iPSCs, simply cannot be rushed.

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Could induced pluripotent stem cells be the breakthrough genetics has been waiting for? - The New Economy

Nature versus nurture: A debate that may only be applicable to women when it comes to a love of affection. A new study found a "latent genetic factor" accounting for up to 48% variance in affection for women with null effects in men.

Genes play a really important role in how affectionate women become as adults, said Kory Floyd, a professor of communication at the University of Arizona, specializing in the study of affection. It appears to play virtually no role in how affectionate men become we still are trying to figure out why.

According to Floyd, the original goal of the study was to answer the broad question of why many people are more affectionate than others. He described that throughout life, it is easy to observe levels of affection among people; some are very affectionate, some are somewhere between and some are just not comfortable with a lot of affection.

Even though the team assumed that environmental factors such as affectionate or non-affectionate households would play a big role, they also wanted to see how much of this trait is genetic.

The question wasnt which one is it is it nature or is it nurture we assumed that it would be a combination of both of those things, Floyd said.

To gather this information, Floyd worked with two other professors to find answers to their questions. The first professor Colter Ray was a former Ph.D. student of his who is now an interpersonal communication professor at San Diego State University. The second Chance York was an interpersonal professor at Kent State University specializing in behavioral genetics.

The three set off to find answers to their questions on the genetics of affection through surveying 464 pairs of twins, all ages 19 to 84, according to UANews.

Some of the pairs were identical twins, meaning that they inherited 100% of the same genes and some were fraternal twins, meaning that they inherited about 50% of the same genes.

The team assumed that if affection has a strong genetic component to it, then identical twins would likely show more similar levels of affection than fraternal twins.

What we expect to find is that the scores of twins who are identical are more similar to each other than the scores of twins who are fraternal because they are more closely related genetically, Floyd said.

In the survey sent out, every participant was able to report on their levels of affection using a measurement system that would assess it. Essentially, Floyd and the team wanted to find how similar scores would be within pairs.

Through the survey, it was found that for the female participants alone, around 48% of affection levels could be attributed to genetics and 52% could be attributed to environmental factors. In the males, genetic components played absolutely no role.

Floyd explained that this study brings the discipline of communication into a new realm.

In my field, we have a very strong assumption that differences between people in terms of their social behavior are almost entirely environmental, Floyd said. Unlike fields like psychology, for example, we dont have a history of looking at biology or genetics or heritability as explanations for social behavior.

He believes that this study could lead people to question the assumption in the communication discipline that most social behaviors are purely products of an environment.

Recently, Floyd has also participated in research on the concept of skin hunger. According to Psychology Today, skin hunger is a deep longing and aching desire for physical contact with another person.

During the times of COVID-19, the concept of skin hunger could not be more relevant.

I think a lot of people right now are really feeling like, I miss getting hugs, I miss holding hands or kissing or putting my arm around somebody, Floyd described. Its really the one thing that social media and Skype and Zoom dont allow us to do.

In research on deprivation of touch in the past, Floyd has found that it can definitely increase negative feelings like loneliness, anxiety, sleep issues and even a depressed immune system.

Though Floyd has not found any solutions to this issue, he believes that there are many ways to cope with the deprivation of physical attention. A major coping mechanism that Floyd suggests for those struggling with such a type of deprivation is to be around animals.

Petting a dog, petting a cat, petting a horse can have some of the same benefits in terms of calming us, in terms of anxiety reduction, in terms of stress reduction, Floyd said.

So, regardless of sex and your level of genetic cravings for affection, a reliable coping mechanism for the skin hunger you may be facing during these times could be to invest in a dog or cat.

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New study finds love of affection heavily attributed to genetics in women - Arizona Daily Wildcat

In a case of first impression at the circuit level, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed dismissal of a disability discrimination complaint because the plaintiff had plausibly alleged a condition covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) based on a genetic mutation causing abnormal cell development.

Disability for purposes of the ADA is broadly defined as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity. The ADA instructs that the definition of disability shall be construed in favor of broad coverage of individuals to the maximum extent permitted by the terms of the ADA.

In Darby v. Childvine, Inc., et al., No. 1:18-cv-0669, Plaintiff Sherryl Darby alleged that she underwent a double-mastectomy after genetic testing resulted in a positive match for the BRCA1 gene. Although her employer, Childvine Inc., approved her request to use vacation and sick time to cover her absence for surgery, when Darby returned to work, her supervisor told her she had been terminated. Darby alleged that the stated reasons for her termination an unpleasant attitude, dress code violations and by being unable to work were pretexual. Childvine moved to dismiss the complaint. While the motion was pending, discovery revealed that Darby was never diagnosed with cancer, but had a family history of cancer and the genetic mutation BRCA1. The parties stipulated to certain admissions, including that [t]he BRCA1 gene is an impairment that substantially limits normal cell growth. And that, because of her genetic match, Darbys doctors urged her to have a double mastectomy. In dismissing Darbys complaint, the district court concluded that Darby had offered no statutory, regulatory, or caselaw support for her [argument] that the BRCA1 gene, like cancer itself, is a physical impairment that substantially limits normal cell growth.

The Sixth Circuit reversed and remanded. After reviewing the definition of disability in the ADA and the federal regulations, the court posed the following question: Has Darby plausibly alleged that her impairment substantially limits her normal cell growth as compared to the general population due to both a genetic mutation (BRCA1) that limits her normal cell growth and a medical diagnosis of abnormal epithelial cell growth serious enough to warrant a double mastectomy? The answer is yes.

In reaching this conclusion, the court specifically noted that the 2008 amendments to the ADA included normal cell growth in the definition of a major life activity. The court also pointed out that the ADAs implementing regulations cite cancer as a condition that at a minimum will qualify as an impairment that substantially limits a major life activity. Because this language suggests a floor rather than a ceiling, Darbys gene mutation and abnormal cell growth qualify as a disability under the ADA despite not being cancerous. However, the court did not go so far as to say that a genetic mutation that merely predisposes an individual to other conditions, such as cancer, is itself a disability under the ADA. The terms of the Act do not reach that far.

The court emphasized the narrowness of both the issue before the court and its holding. Specifically, the court did not decide whether Darbys condition in fact falls under the ADAs definition of a disability.

Alternatively, the court essentially found that the Darbys condition could be considered a disability under the ADA if certain conditions were met, such as: that her pre-cancerous cells constitute a substantial limitation on her normal cell growth and that her genetic mutation caused those pre-cancerous cells. Those issues require consideration beyond the four corners of Darbys complaint, and may require an expert to prove. Thus, although Darbys factual allegations were sufficient to survive a motion to dismiss, more would be required to survive summary judgment. The court reversed and remanded with instructions for the lower court to consider the claim under Ohio law as well as the ADA.

Despite the narrowness of the Sixth Circuits holding, it provides important direction as to what may constitute a disability under the ADA in cases of genetic mutation and the attendant medical conditions. And, though the court did not resolve whether Darby had adequately pleaded her failure to accommodate claim in this case, generally employers should engage in an interactive process with employees when presented with a medically-documented request for accommodation and provide a reasonable accommodation when possible.

Link:
Sixth Circuit: A Genetic Mutation That Interferes With Normal Cell Growth May Qualify as a Disability Under the ADA - JD Supra

SAN DIEGO, July 08, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Bionano Genomics, Inc. (Nasdaq: BNGO) announced today that two top cytogeneticists from leading institutions in The Netherlands and France presented their research data as part of a multicentric, international effort to compare data generated with Bionanos Saphyr system against gold standard cytogenetic methods consisting of karyotyping, FISH, and/or chromosomal microarray in patients with a variety of constitutional or inherited genetic disorders and in patients with leukemias. In back-to-back online presentations, each showed 100% concordance between Saphyr and standard cytogenetics along with other discoveries that extend the capabilities of the current standard of care.

Summary of data presentations:

In a webinar originally hosted by LabRoots on Friday, June 22, Dr. Laila El Khattabi from the Cochin Hospital in Paris, France discussed how Saphyr improved structural variant detection for constitutional chromosomal aberrations in her research. The data originate from an international multi-center effort between the hospitals of Paris-Cochin, Lyon and Clermont-Ferrand and the Radboud University Medical Center in the Netherlands, as part of the first international consortium to validate Saphyr for constitutional cytogenetic analysis. The consortium compared the performance of Saphyr against the combination of karyotyping, FISH and array-based methods in 85 samples with a variety of constitutional aberrations including deletions, duplications, balanced and unbalanced translocations, inversions, ring chromosomes and aneuploidies in patients with intellectual disabilities and recurrent miscarriages. Saphyr showed 100% concordance with gold standard methods in these 85 samples. Dr. El Khattabi expressed the consortiums confidence in Saphyrs potential to largely replace standard cytogenetic testing methods in the future. A manuscript describing the study results will be submitted for publication in the coming weeks.

Dr. Alexander Hoischen from Radboud University Medical Center described how Bionano genome imaging identified likely pathogenic variants in 25% of unsolved rare disease cases analyzed with Saphyr. Dr. Hoischen presented two of these research cases, which involved families with undiagnosed genetic disorders. The first case involved a rare and aggressive childhood tumor named Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor (ATRT) in which Saphyr detected an insertion in the SMARCB1 gene in a family affected by ATRT, while MLPA and next generation sequencing were unable to identify this variant. In a family affected by intellectual disability, Saphyr identified a single de novo deletion affecting the NSF gene, undetected by chromosomal microarray, whole exome and whole genome sequencing and long read sequencing. This deletion was confirmed to be de novo in the child through PCR validation. Finally, Dr. Hoischen provided an update on his retrospective comparative study on leukemias, which he presented at ESHG 2020 and is expected to be submitted for peer-review publication in the near future. The study showed 100% concordance between Bionanos Saphyr system and standard cytogenetics in 48 leukemia patients. Additionally, Saphyr identified novel events previously undetected by traditional cytogenetic methods, many of them being rare inter-chromosomal translocations causing gene fusions never described before, opening potential new avenues of research in precision medicine and drug development. Dr. Hoischen concluded that Saphyr has value in solving unanswered rare disease cases and has the potential to replace classical cytogenetics methods.

At the ESHG 2020 conference, Dr. Uwe Heinrich, representing MVZ Martinsried, Germany presented that Bionano was able to confirm all known large rearrangements in a cohort of patients with intellectual disability, developmental disorders and chromosomal aberrations. Drs. Hoischen and Heinrich announced that their respective teams are planning to seek accreditation for the Saphyr system, to start offering Bionanos genome imaging as part of a stepwise diagnosis, and to subsequently replace chromosomal microarray with Saphyr altogether later on.

Erik Holmlin, Ph.D., CEO of Bionano Genomics commented: We previously demonstrated the notable performance of Saphyr in leukemia studies across the globe, but the international study presented by Dr. El Khattabi demonstrates that Saphyr performs equally well in genetic diseases such as intellectual disabilities and subfertility. Saphyr showed 100% concordance with traditional cytogenetic methods and made additional discoveries in both leukemia patients and in those with constitutional disorders. We believe that Saphyr is capable of replacing traditional cytogenetic methods and consolidating these outdated methods into a single digital platform that is faster, less expensive and has lower manual labor needs, while providing greater accuracy than these methods.

A recording of the presentation by Drs. El Khattabi and Hoischen can be viewed at https://bionanogenomics.com/library/webinars/

About Bionano GenomicsBionano is a genome analysis company providing tools and services based on its Saphyr system to scientists and clinicians conducting genetic research and patient testing. Bionanos Saphyr system is a platform for ultra-sensitive and ultra-specific structural variation detection that enables researchers and clinicians to accelerate the search for new diagnostics and therapeutic targets and to streamline the study of changes in chromosomes, which is known as cytogenetics. The Saphyr system is comprised of an instrument, chip consumables, reagents and a suite of data analysis tools, and genome analysis services to provide access to data generated by the Saphyr system for researchers who prefer not to adopt the Saphyr system in their labs. For more information, visitwww.bionanogenomics.com.

Forward-Looking StatementsThis press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as may, will, expect, plan, anticipate, estimate, intend and similar expressions (as well as other words or expressions referencing future events, conditions or circumstances) convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes and are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations concerning, among other things: our intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations concerning the Saphyr System; the intended use of Saphyr by the institutions identified in this press release; expectations regarding the rate and extent of adoption of Saphyr in research and clinical settings; and the general effectiveness and utility of Saphyr, including its ability to replace traditional cytogenetic methods and enable discoveries that can contribute to treatment of disease. Each of these forward-looking statements involves risks and uncertainties. Actual results or developments may differ materially from those projected or implied in these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause such a difference include the risks and uncertainties associated with: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and the global economy; general market conditions; changes in the competitive landscape and the introduction of competitive products; changes in our strategic and commercial plans; our ability to obtain sufficient financing to fund our strategic plans and commercialization efforts; the loss of key members of management and our commercial team; and the risks and uncertainties associated withour business and financial condition in general, including the risks and uncertainties described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including, without limitation, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and in other filings subsequently made by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission. All forward-looking statements contained in this press release speak only as of the date on which they were made and are based on management's assumptions and estimates as of such date. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of the receipt of new information, the occurrence of future events or otherwise.

ContactsCompany Contact:Erik Holmlin, CEOBionano Genomics, Inc.+1 (858) 888-7610eholmlin@bionanogenomics.com

Investor Relations Contact:Ashley R. RobinsonLifeSci Advisors, LLC+1 (617) 430-7577arr@lifesciadvisors.com

Media Contact:Kirsten ThomasThe Ruth Group+1 (508) 280-6592kthomas@theruthgroup.com

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First Extensive Validation Study of Saphyr for Constitutional Genetic Disorders by European Consortium Shows 100% Concordance to Standard Cytogenetics...

Predictive Genetic Testing and Consumer/Wellness Genomics Market: Snapshot

Genetic testing comprises examination of ones DNA. The term DNA refers to the chemical database that is responsible for conveying the instructions for functions that need to be performed by the body. Genetic testing is capable of revealing changes or mutations in the genes of living beings, which might result in any kind of disease or illness in the body.

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Predictive genetic testingrefers to the utilization of genetic testing methods in an asymptomatic individual to make a prediction about risk of contacting particular disease in future. These tests are regarded as representation of emerging class of medical tests, which differ in fundamental ways from the usual diagnostic tests.

The global predictive genetic testing and consumer/wellness genomics marketis likely to gather momentum owing to the benefits offered by predictive genetic testing.

The benefits of predictive genetic testing are

The global predictive genetic testing and consumer/wellness genomics marketis influenced by reducing cost of genetic sequencing and technological advancement in the field of genetics. North America is expected to emerge as a prominent region for the global predictive genetic testing and consumer/wellness genomics market in years to come due to high adoption rates of latest technologies in all fields.

Over centauries human DNA has undergone tremendous alteration due to evolutionary and lifestyle changes. They have led to both, advantages and disadvantages over the years. Some have given the mankind a deserving edge over other creatures while the others have led to disorders and diseases. Predictive genetic testing and consumer/wellness genomics market thrives on the growing demand for understanding the lineage of a certain gene pool to identify disorders that could manifest in the later or early stage of a human life. The surging demand for understanding the family history or studying the nature of certain diseases has given the global market for predictive genetic testing and consumer/wellness genomics market adequate fodder for growth in the past few years.

This new class of medical tests are aimed at reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality amongst consumers. The thorough surveillance and screening of a certain gene pool can allow an individual to avoid conditions that disrupt normal existence through preventive measures. The clinical utility of these tests remains unassessed. Therefore, increasing research and development by pharmaceutical companies to develop new drugs by understanding diseases and disorders is expected to favor market growth.

Unlike conventional diagnostic testing, predictive genetic testing identifies the risk associated with potential conditions. In certain cases it is also capable of stating when the disease may appear and the how severe will it be. Thus, this form of testing is expected to allow consumers to take up wellness measurements well in time to lead a life of normalcy, characterized by good health.

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Global Predictive Genetic Testing and Consumer/Wellness Genomics Market: Overview

Predictive genetic testing are used to identify gene mutations pertaining to the disorders that surface at a considerably later stage in life after birth. These tests are particularly beneficial for people from a family with a history of genetic disorder, although they themselves show no symptoms of the disorder at the time of testing. Genetic testing promises to revolutionize the healthcare sector, providing crucial diagnostic details related to diverse verticals such as heart disease, autism, and cancer. As the healthcare sector touches new peaks, the global predictive genetic testing and consumer/wellness genomics market is projected to expand at a healthy growth rate during the forecast period of 2017 to 2025.

This report on the global market for predictive genetic testing and consumer/wellness genomics analyzes all the important factors that may influence the demand in the near future and forecasts the condition of the market until 2025. It has been created using proven research methodologies such as SWOT analysis and Porters five forces. One of the key aspect of the report is the section on company profiles, wherein several leading players have been estimated for their market share and analyzed for their geographical presence, product portfolio, and recent strategic developments such as mergers, acquisitions, and collaborations.

The global predictive genetic testing and consumer/wellness genomics market, on the basis of test type, can be segmented into predictive testing, consumer genomics, and wellness genetics. The segment of predictive testing can be sub-segmented into genetic susceptibility test, predictive diagnostics, and population screening programs, whereas the segment of wellness genetics can be further divided into nutria genetics, skin and metabolism genetics, and others.

By application, the market can be segmented into breast and ovarian cancer screening, cardiovascular screening, diabetic screening and monitoring, colon cancer screening, Parkinsons or Alzheimers disease, urologic screening or prostate cancer screening, orthopedic and musculoskeletal screening, and other cancer screening. Geographically, the report studies the opportunities available in regions such as Asia Pacific, Europe, North America, and the Middle East and Africa.

Global Predictive Genetic Testing and Consumer/Wellness Genomics Market: Trends and Opportunities

Increasing number of novel partnership models, rapidly decreasing cost of genetic sequencing, and introduction of fragmented point-solutions across the genomics value chain as well as technological advancements in cloud computing and data integration are some of the key factors driving the market. On the other hand, the absence of well-defined regulatory framework, low adoption rate, and ethical concerns regarding the implementation, are expected to hinder the growth rate during the forecast period. Each of these factors have been analyzed in the report and their respective impacts have been anticipated.

Currently, the segment of predictive genetic cardiovascular screening accounts for the maximum demand, and increased investments in the field is expected to maintain it as most lucrative segment. On the other hand, more than 70 companies are currently engaged in nutrigenomics, which is expected to further expand the market.

Global Predictive Genetic Testing and Consumer/Wellness Genomics Market: Regional Outlook

Owing to robust healthcare infrastructure, prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, and high adoptability rate of new technology makes North America the most lucrative region, with most of the demand coming from the country of the U.S. and Canada. Several U.S. companies hold patents, which further extends the outreach of the market in the region of North America.

Companies mentioned in the research report

23andMe, Inc, BGI, Genesis Genetics, Illumina, Inc, Myriad Genetics, Inc, Pathway Genomics, Color Genomics Inc., and ARUP Laboratories are some of the key companies currently operating in global predictive genetic testing and consumer/wellness genomics market. Various forms of strategic partnerships with operating company and smaller vendors with novel ideas helps these leading players maintain their position in the market.

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Predictive Genetic Testing and Consumer/Wellness Genomics Market Analytical Overview and Size(Value and Volume) by 2025 - Cole of Duty

BEDFORD, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Stoke Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: STOK), a biotechnology company pioneering a new way to treat the underlying cause of severe genetic diseases, today announced the publication of data in the journal Nature Communications that support the companys proprietary approach to precisely upregulate protein expression using TANGO (Targeted Augmentation of Nuclear Gene Output) antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs).

This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200709005385/en/

TANGO (Targeted Augmentation of Nuclear Gene Output)

Stoke was founded on the idea that we could use unique insights in RNA biology to do something that has never been done before, said Isabel Aznarez, Ph.D., Co-Founder and Vice President, Head of Biology of Stoke Therapeutics and the corresponding author on the paper. Rather than address genetic diseases by replacing, repairing or editing faulty genes, we set out to increase or stoke protein output from healthy genes. These data show that we can increase full-length, fully functional protein expression from a variety of healthy genes, which supports our hypothesis and may lead to a new way of treating severe genetic diseases.

To evaluate the approach broadly, Stoke selected four gene targets that vary in type and abundance of non-productive splicing events, gene size and protein function: PCCA (propionic acidemia); SYNGAP1 (autosomal dominant mental retardation 5); CD274 (autoimmune diseases, including uveitis); and SCN1A (Dravet syndrome). Stoke designed TANGO ASOs to target the non-productive splicing events in these genes and their activity was evaluated. Dose-dependent reductions of non-productive mRNA were observed to lead to increases in both productive mRNA and protein levels for each of the target genes.

More than 10,000 genetic diseases are caused by mutations in a single gene, however, current therapeutic approaches address as few as 5% of these diseases. In the experiments published today, a proprietary bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing datasets was used to identify a variety of non-productive alternative-splicing events that lead to mRNA degradation and limit protein production. Stoke found 7,757 unique genes that contained at least one non-productive event, of which 16% (1,246) were associated with causing a specific disease.

A link to the publication, Antisense oligonucleotide modulation of non-productive alternative splicing upregulates gene expression, can be found here: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-17093-9

Pre-mRNA Splicing and TANGO

Human cells naturally regulate protein production to maintain health. Pre-mRNA splicing, including alternative splicing, is an important mechanism used to regulate how much protein and which protein variant is produced. During splicing, introns are removed and exons are joined together to generate the mRNA template that carries the code to synthesize proteins. More than one third of alternative splicing events in mammals do not produce functional proteins and lead to mRNA degradation through nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). TANGO ASOs act at the pre-mRNA level and prevent non-productive alternative splicing so that the body produces more protein-coding mRNA and thus more protein. This approach is particularly applicable to diseases that are caused by insufficient protein production.

About Stoke Therapeutics

Stoke Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: STOK), is a biotechnology company pioneering a new way to treat the underlying causes of severe genetic diseases by precisely upregulating protein expression to restore target proteins to near normal levels. Stoke aims to develop the first precision medicine platform to target the underlying cause of a broad spectrum of genetic diseases in which the patient has one healthy copy of a gene and one mutated copy that fails to produce a protein essential to health. These diseases, in which loss of approximately 50% of normal protein expression causes disease, are called autosomal dominant haploinsufficiencies. The companys lead investigational new medicine is STK-001, a proprietary antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that has the potential to be the first disease-modifying therapy to address the genetic cause of Dravet syndrome, a severe and progressive genetic epilepsy. Stoke is headquartered in Bedford, Massachusetts with offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts. For more information, visit https://www.stoketherapeutics.com/ or follow the company on Twitter at @StokeTx.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, but not limited to: our expectations about Companys proprietary approach to precisely upregulate protein expression using TANGO ASOs and the potential benefits thereof. These forward-looking statements may be accompanied by such words as aim, anticipate, believe, could, estimate, expect, forecast, goal, intend, may, might, plan, potential, possible, will, would, and other words and terms of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions, which, if they do not fully materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in such statements, including: risks related to the direct and indirect impact of COVID-19; our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for and commercialize current and future product candidates; the timing and results of preclinical studies and clinical trials; the risk that positive results in a clinical trial may not be replicated in subsequent trials or success in early stage clinical trials may not be predictive of results in later stage clinical trials; risks associated with clinical trials, including our ability to adequately manage clinical activities, unexpected concerns that may arise from additional data or analysis obtained during clinical trials; the risk that regulatory authorities may require additional information or further studies, or may fail to approve or may delay approval of our drug candidates; risks related to the occurrence of adverse safety events; risks related to failure to protect and enforce our intellectual property, and other proprietary rights; risks related to failure to successfully execute or realize the anticipated benefits of our strategic and growth initiatives; risks relating to technology failures or breaches; our dependence on collaborators and other third parties for the development, regulatory approval, and commercialization of products and other aspects of our business, which are outside of our full control; risks associated with current and potential delays, work stoppages, or supply chain disruptions caused by the coronavirus pandemic; risks associated with current and potential future healthcare reforms; risks relating to attracting and retaining key personnel; failure to comply with legal and regulatory requirements; risks relating to access to capital and credit markets; environmental risks; risks relating to the use of social media for our business; and the other risks and uncertainties that are described in the Risk Factors section of our most recent annual or quarterly report and in other reports we have filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. These statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and speak only as of the date of this press release. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200709005385/en/

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Stoke Therapeutics Announces Publication of Data in the Journal Nature Communications That Support the Company's Proprietary Approach to Addressing...

The FDA has put a phase 1 trial of Cellectis off-the-shelf CAR-T therapy UCARTCS1A on clinical hold after learning of a death in the study. Cellectis said the multiple myeloma patient suffered a cardiac arrest after receiving the highest dose of the anti-CS1 allogeneic CAR-T.

Before joining the Cellectis trial, the patient underwent multiple prior lines of treatment, including with autologous CAR-T cells, without success. In the Cellectis trial, the patient was the first person to receive the higher, 3 million cells per kilogram dose of UCARTCS1A. The patient experienced cytokine release syndrome of undisclosed severity and died of a cardiac arrest 25 days after treatment.

The FDA has placed the trial on clinical hold while Cellectis evaluates the case. According to Cellectis, plans were already afoot to expand the lower, 1 million cells per kilogram dose cohort before the patient death. Preliminary data suggest 1 million cells per kilogram may be the phase 2 dose.

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There are signs the lower dose also has some safety issues. Analysts at Jefferies think investigators gave one or more of the three low-dose patients rituximab to activate the CAR-T safety switch. Work is underway to update the phase 1 protocol to mitigate the potential risks posed by UCARTCS1A.

The modifications may include increased monitoring of parameters related to cytokines. The Jefferies analysts think Cellectis should exclude patients previously treated with anti-BCMA CAR-Ts, such as Johnson & Johnsons JNJ-4528, due to risks related to back-to-back rounds of lymphodepletion, but note that management at the biotech think it is important to enroll that pre-treated population.

In a follow-up note, the analysts identified the use of cyclophosphamide, a chemotherapy drug, in the lymphodepletion regimen as a potential cause of the cardiac arrest. The argument is based on a 2017 paper that describes the case of a patient who died of acute heart failure after receiving a high dose of cyclophosphamide as part of an autologous stem cell transplantation treatment.

Many patients receive cyclophosphamide without suffering cardiac complications, but the analysts see reasons to think the subject enrolled in the Cellectis trial may have been at higher risk. Notably, prior exposure may increase risk, according to the analysts, suggesting the patients previous round of lymphodepletion may have been a factor.

Even if cyclophosphamide is at the heart of the problem, the analysts still think the UCARTCS1A dose is a contributing factor. With patients in the low-dose cohort also experiencing adverse events, the analysts see dosing at below 1 million cells per kilogram as one possible outcome of the situation.

Shares in Cellectis fell 13% in after-hours trading following news of the clinical hold. The value of Allogene Therapeutics, which licensed CAR-T assets that originated at Cellectis, held steady, likely reflecting a belief that the safety issue is limited to UCARTCS1A.

The Jefferies analysts see little or no read-through to other allogeneic programs, noting that the UCARTCS1A trial started at a higher dose than Cellectis two other clinical programs and that Allogene is testing several lymphodepletion regimens. The FDA placed a clinical trial of another Cellectis CAR-T, UCART123, on hold in 2017 after a patient died, but cleared it to resume months later.

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Death in Cellectis off-the-shelf CAR-T trial triggers FDA hold - FierceBiotech

By Alexandra Marvar | July 9th, 2020

For nearly a century, scientists have been studying Alzheimers a disease that kills hundreds of thousands of people per year but that still has no cure. Currently drugmakers and scientists test preventative Alzheimers drug treatments by identifying participants who are at higher risk of developing the disease, and then observing whether the treatment in question prevents the diseases onset. One in ten people develop Alzheimers after age 65, and one in three after age 85. Thus, this observation may take years or even decades which is part of why progress has moved at a snails pace.

An added challenge is that trial participants must have symptoms of Alzheimers to be eligible but the sheer appearance of symptoms indicates that many brain cells have already died, so by the time symptoms have appeared and candidates join trials, it is generally too late for any treatment to have a significant effect on their symptoms.

In a breakthrough, a research team team at Queen Mary University of London has developed a new system to efficiently screen potential Alzheimers treatments that may be able to greatly expedite the path to a cure.

For this study, published Thursday evening Eastern Daylight Time in the Nature group journal Molecular Psychiatry, the research group consisted of a cohort of people living with Down syndrome, who have as much as a 70 percent higher likelihood of developing Alzheimers during their lifetime. Those with the syndrome carry an extra chromosome 21, which contains a gene that increases Alzheimers risk.Researchers collected hair cells from the participants and reprogrammed the hair cells to become stem cells. Then, in a petri dish environment, they grew those stem cells into brain cells.

In these brain-like cells, the researchers observed a rapidly developing pathology that resembled Alzheimers, down to the hallmark trio of Alzheimers indicators: amyloid plaque-like lesions, progressive neuron death and accumulations of tau protein tangled up inside neurons.

With access to this test environment, the team then experimented with two drugs known to inhibit beta-amyloid production, applying them to the new brain cells. In six weeks, they found the drugs successfully prevented the onset of Alzheimers-pathology.

Although the two drugs the Queen Mary University of London researchers experimented with have failed clinical trials for other reasons and therefore arent suitable treatments for Alzheimers in the end, they were able to demonstrate proof of concept: This system of obtaining and developing cells and creating Alzheimers-prone, brain-like cells as a test environment could be used as an Alzheimers drug testing platform for other preventative drugs in the future.

The hope is that, by creating a lab-controlled cellular environment that replicates the human brain as it develops Alzheimers, the time it takes to test potential treatments could be diminished greatly, and the path to a cure could be significantly shortened. The researchers saw results within six weeks. If that expedited timeline to determine the effectiveness of a drug saves years of research, it could save millions of lives not to mention the suffering on the part of people living with Alzheimers and their loved ones.

This work represents a remarkable achievement, as this is the first cell-based system that has the full trio of Alzheimers pathologies, without any artificial gene over-expression, said Queen Mary University of London Professor Dean Nizetic, lead author on the study. This system opens up the prospect for screening for new drugs aimed at delaying or even preventing Alzheimers before neuronal death starts.

Although its still early days, the system raises a theoretical possibility for further development as a tool to predict who might develop Alzheimers. The same stem cell process could be used on anyones hair follicles, the resulting brain cells of which may or may not then develop Alzheimers-pathology in the dish. The idea would be to catch the people at higher risk of early disease in a cell-based system, before it starts in a persons brain and allow for the possibilities of individualized preventive interventions.

However, he said, they are still a long way from reaching this goal, though study co-author Professor John Hardy added that the potential development of a new, human model of the disease would be a great step forward.

See the article here:
Scientists Have Discovered a Way to Speed Up Alzheimer's Drug Testing - Being Patient

By Associated Press

WASHINGTON: Desperate to solve the deadly conundrum of COVID-19, the world is clamouring for fast answers and solutions from a research system not built for haste.

The ironic, and perhaps tragic, result: Scientific shortcuts have slowed understanding of the disease and delayed the ability to find out which drugs help, hurt or have no effect at all.

As deaths from the coronavirus relentlessly mounted into the hundreds of thousands, tens of thousands of doctors and patients rushed to use drugs before they could be proved safe or effective.

A slew of low-quality studies clouded the picture even more.

'People had an epidemic in front of them and were not prepared to wait,'said Dr.Derek Angus, critical care chief at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.

'We made traditional clinical research look so slow and cumbersome.'

ALSO READ |Hydroxychloroquine has become highly politicised in US but India uses it widely: White House official

It wasn't until mid-Junenearly six months in when the first evidence came that a drug could improve survival.

Researchers in the United Kingdom managed to enroll one of every six hospitalized COVID-19 patients into a large study that found a cheap steroid called dexamethasone helps and that a widely used malaria drug does not.

The study changed practice overnight, even though results had not been published or reviewed by other scientists.

In the United States, one smaller but rigorous study found a different drug can shorten recovery time for seriously ill patients, but many questions remain about its best use.

Doctors are still frantically reaching for anything else that might fight the many ways the virus can do harm, experimenting with medicines for stroke, heartburn, blood clots, gout, depression, inflammation, AIDS, hepatitis, cancer, arthritis and even stem cells and radiation.

'Everyone has been kind of grasping for anything that might work.And that's not how you develop sound medical practice,'said Dr.Steven Nissen, a Cleveland Clinic researcher and frequent adviser to the U.S.Food and Drug Administration.

ALSO READ |'Feelingbetter': BrazilPresident Bolsonaro says will use hydroxychloroquine to cure his COVID-19

'Desperation is not a strategy.Good clinical trials represent a solid strategy.'

Few definitive studies have been done in the U.S., with some undermined by people getting drugs on their own or lax methods from drug companies sponsoring the work.

And politics magnified the problem.

Tens of thousands of people tried a malaria medicine after President Donald Trump relentlessly promoted it, saying, 'What have you got to lose?'Meanwhile, the nation's top infectious disease expert, Dr.Anthony Fauci, warned 'I like to prove things first.'

For three months, weak studies polarized views of hydroxychloroquine until several more reliable ones found it ineffective.

'The problem with 'gunslinger medicine,' or medicine that is practiced where there is a hunch ...is that it's caused society as a whole to be late in learning things,'said Johns Hopkins University's Dr.Otis Brawley.

'We don't have good evidence because we don't appreciate and respect science.'

He noted that if studies had been conducted correctly in January and February, scientists would have known by March if many of these drugs worked.

Even researchers who value science are taking shortcuts and bending rules to try to get answers more rapidly.

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And journals are rushing to publish results, sometimes paying a price for their haste with retractions.

Research is still chaoticmore than 2,000 studies are testing COVID-19 treatments from azithromycin to zinc.

The volume might not be surprising in the face of a pandemic and a novel virus, but some experts say it is troubling that many studies are duplicative and lack the scientific rigor to result in clear answers.

'Everything about this feels very strange,'said Angus, who is leading an innovative study using artificial intelligence to help pick treatments.

'It's all being done on COVID time.It's like this new weird clock we're running on.'Here is a look at some of the major examples of 'desperation science'underway.

To scientists, it was a recipe for disaster: In a medical crisis with no known treatment and a panicked population, an influential public figure pushes a drug with potentially serious side effects, citing testimonials and a quickly discredited report of its use in 20 patients.

Trump touted hydroxychloroquine in dozens of appearances starting in mid-March.

The Food and Drug Administration allowed its emergency use even though studies had not shown it safe or effective for coronavirus patients, and the government acquired tens of millions of doses.

Trump first urged taking it with azithromycin, an antibiotic that, like hydroxychloroquine, can cause heart rhythm problems.

After criticism, he doubled down on giving medical advice, urging 'You should add zinc now ...I want to throw that out there.

In May, he said he was taking the drugs himself to prevent infection after an aide tested positive.

Many people followed his advice.Dr.Rais Vohra, medical director of a California poison control center, told of a 52-year-old COVID-19 patient who developed an irregular heartbeat after three days on hydroxychloroquine from the drug, not the virus.

'It seems like the cure was more dangerous than the effects of the disease,' Vohra said.

Studies suggested the drug wasn't helping, but they were weak.

And the most influential one, published in the journal Lancet, was retracted after major concerns arose about the data.

Read the rest here:
'Desperation science' slows the hunt for coronavirus drugs amid rising death toll - The New Indian Express

There have been 108,614 confirmed cases of coronavirus in Arizona and 1,963 coronavirus-related deaths, as of Wednesday morning.

The number of coronavirus cases and deaths in Arizona continues to rise.

In an effort to track the changes, 12 News has started a daily live blog.

Here is the live blog for Wednesday, July 8.

Joe Biden makes statement on "testing failures" in Arizona

Former vice president and 2020 presidential candidate Joe Biden made a statement Wednesday calling for federally-managed, community-based testing in Arizona.

Biden called continued and growing spread of coronavirus in the state a result of President Trump's words to slow testing down.

Below is the full statement from Biden:

"Arizonans have been forced to endure 13 hours in line in the boiling heat for a COVID-19 test, hospitals are overwhelmed, the test positivity rate is soaring, and the pleas of local leaders for help were repeatedly dismissed. Enough. The Trump Administration must immediately resume operating federally-managed community-based testing around the country and establish multiple sites in Arizona.

It must open them in every hot spot in the country and in every underserved community, and it must keep increasing the number of testing sites until there are no more lines. The crisis in Arizona is the direct result of Donald Trump's failure to lead and his desire to "slow the testing down," and Americans are suffering the consequences. The President must act."

COVID-19 cases reported in Arizona on Wednesday

There have been108,614confirmed cases of coronavirus in Arizona and 1,963coronavirus-related deaths as of Wednesday, according to the state's latest numbers.

That is an increase from 105,094 cases and 1,927 coronavirus-related deaths reported as of Tuesday.

A week ago, there were 84,092cases and 1,720deaths reported in Arizona.

Cases reach 108,000 on Wednesday, two days after reaching 100,000

The Arizona Department of Health Services said the number of confirmed coronavirus cases topped 108,000, one day after reaching the 105,000 mark and two days after reaching 100,000.

Wednesday also marked the fourth straight day with more than 3,000 new cases reported in Arizona.

Arizona reached 50,000 coronavirus cases a little over two weeks ago, on June 21.

Gov. Doug Ducey announced in a tweet that state officials are working with the federal government to increase testing in Maryvale and west Phoenix.

Wednesday's high case day came one day after Arizona reported a record-high 117 deaths on Tuesday. Health officials said 52 of those deaths were from death certificate matching.

There were 5,025 cases reported on the collection date of June 29, the day with the most collected diagnoses so far. That is subject to change.

Health officials said the days with the highest numbers of reported deaths was June 23 and 25, when 38 people died each day. That is subject to change.

Health officials continued to stress that people should continue social distancing, wearing masks in public and stay home when possible.

New York Times: Arizona has the world's worst coronavirus outbreak

Arizona is No. 1 -- but not in a good way.

According to the New York Times, Arizona is the No. 1 spot in the entire world with the most new coronavirus cases per million residents in the last seven days.

Florida and South Carolina followed shortly behind.

"There is no country in the world where confirmed coronavirus cases are growing as rapidly as they are in Arizona, Florida or South Carolina. The Sun Belt has become the global virus capital," the outlet reported.

The chart ranked the countries with the most confirmed new cases over the past week, adjusted for population size, and treated each U.S. state as if it were a country.

Patrick Ptak, Gov. Doug Ducey's spokesman, said in an email that the report from the New York Times was "misleading at best."

United States reaches 3 million cases of coronavirus

The United States has become the first country to reach three million confirmed cases of COVID-19.

The milestone was reached Wednesday morning, according to tracking by Johns Hopkins University.

By comparison, just one other country -- Brazil -- has passed the 1 million mark.

The Johns Hopkins University tracker shows more than 131,000 people in the U.S. have died from COVID-19. There have been more than 936,000 recoveries.

Phoenix restaurant closes doors after positive test among employees

MacAlpine's Diner & Soda Fountain in Phoenix was forced to close its doors after one of its employees tested positive for COVID-19.

The company said it would temporarily close after an employee tested positive.

"The last day she worked was on June 25, when her symptoms were not yet present," the company said in an email.

"She had asked for the next week off due to a prior engagement."

The employee entered the building on July 2 to pick up her paycheck and her temperature was taken, but it was in the regular range. The employee had a mild case.

"Although the last day she worked was quite some time ago, we feel it is our responsibility to notify our customers of this situation and take any extra precautions necessary," the email continued.

"We will be temporarily closed for the next few weeks and will be thoroughly sanitizing the diner and antique stores."

"We want to reassure you that we will reopen again when it is safe for the public and our employees."

Bullhead City to close beaches, boat launches on weekends

All beaches, boat launches and associated parks in Bullhead City will be closed on weekends through Labor Day because of the coronavirus pandemic.

Mayor Tom Brady issued an emergency proclamation Tuesday about the closures on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays to slow the spread of COVID-19.

Most parks will be open to the public Mondays through Thursdays in the northwestern Arizona city along the Colorado River.

Gates and fencing will be installed to prevent beach and boat launch access.

Brady says out-of-towners crowded Bullhead Citys beaches last weekend at "unacceptable levels.

He says non-compliance and overcrowding are not acceptable in trying to stem the spread of the coronavirus.

The above article is from the Associated Press.

Navajo Nation cases grow by 27, one more death

The Navajo Department of Health reported 27 new COVID-19 positive cases for the Navajo Nation and one more death.

The total number of COVID-19 positive cases for the Navajo Nation is 7,941.

The total number of deaths has reached 379 as of Tuesday.

Reports from all 12 health care facilities on and near the Navajo Nation indicate that approximately 5,650 individuals have recovered from COVID-19.

60,323 people have been tested for COVID-19.

CDC expands list of groups at higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expanded its list of individuals who are considered at an increased risk of getting severely ill from COVID-19.

The CDC explained that it's clear a substantial number of Americans are at increased risk of severe illness from the coronavirus pandemic highlighting the importance of continuing to follow preventive measures.

Experts determined there was consistent evidence these conditions increase a person's risk, regardless of age:

Masks now required in public

Gov. Doug Ducey allowed individual Arizona cities to create their own policies about face-covering requirements and enforcement on Wednesday.

A face covering has proven to be effective at limiting the spread of COVID-19, according to the CDC. The virus is primarily spread by in-person contact through sneezes and coughs.

Many cities, including Phoenix, have adopted their own mask requirement that is now in effect.

How to get tested for coronavirus

If you have reason to believe you have contracted coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, this is what you should do.

Arizona releases ZIP code locations of coronavirus cases, other data

The Arizona Department of Health Services has released expanded data points regarding coronavirus cases in the state.

The AZDHS website now features the location of confirmed cases in Arizona by zip code.

You can see the current ZIP code map here and can find yours by clicking around or searching for your ZIP code in the top right of the map.

More information on coronavirus cases from Wednesday

There have been 108,614 confirmed cases of coronavirus in Arizona and 1,963 coronavirus-related deaths as of Wednesday.

That is an increase from 105,094 cases and 1,927 coronavirus-related deaths reported as of Tuesday.

That's an increase of 3,520 new cases reported on Wednesday, a slight decrease from the 3,653 new cases reported on Tuesday.

There was 36 new deaths reported on Wednesday, a major decrease from the record-high 117 deaths reported on Tuesday.

There were 5,025 cases reported on the collection date of June 29, the day with the most collected diagnoses so far. That is subject to change.

Health officials said the days with the highest numbers of reported deaths was June 23 and 25, when 38 people died each day. That is subject to change.

In total, 15,219 new tests were reported on Wednesday, an increase from the 11,418 new tests reported on Tuesday.

There have been a total of 827,089 PCR and Serology tests reported to the state as of Wednesday.

11.4% of those tests have been positive, an increase from 11.3% on Tuesday.

Here's a county breakdown:

Click on the links below to find more information from each county's health department:

COVID-19 is believed to be primarily spread through coughs or sneezes.

It may be possiblefor the virus to spread by touching a surface or object with the virus and then a person touching their mouth, nose or eyes, but this is not thought to be the main method of spread, the CDC says.

You should consult your doctor if you traveled to an area currently affected by COVID-19 and feel sick with fever, cough or difficulty breathing.

There is no vaccine for the coronavirus, so the best way to prevent COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases is to:

You can text FACTS to 602-444-1212 to receive more information on the coronavirus and to ask questions.

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Coronavirus in Arizona on July 8: Cases, deaths on the rise - 12news.com KPNX

By David Bautz, PhD

NASDAQ:BCLI

READ THE FULL BCLI RESEARCH REPORT

Business Update

KOL Event for Alzheimers Program

On July 8, 2020, BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ:BCLI) conducted a Key Opinion Leader (KOL) webinar to discuss the companys upcoming Phase 2a clinical trial of NurOwn in patients with Alzheimers Disease (AD). The event included presentations by two of the lead investigators for the upcoming trial, Dr. Philip Scheltens, Professor of Cognitive Neurology and Director of the Alzheimer Centre at VU University Medical Center in Amsterdam, Netherlands, and Dr. Bruno Dubois, Professor of Neurology at the Neurological Institute of the Salptrire University Hospital in Paris, France. The presentation can be found here.

The companys Phase 2a trial (BCT-201-EU) is expected to enroll approximately 40 patients with prodromal to mild AD. It will be taking place at medical centers in France and the Netherlands. To be eligible for the trial, patients must have been diagnosed with prodromal to mild dementia at least six months prior to enrollment. In addition, patients must score between 20-30 on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and have a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) global score of 0.5-1.0. The MMSE is a series of questions that are designed to assess a patients mental skills, with the maximum score being 30 points and a score of 20-24 suggesting mild dementia. The CDR is a scale used to characterize six domains of cognitive and functional performance with a score of 0.5 suggesting very mild dementia and a score of 1.0 suggesting mild dementia.

The primary objective of the trial is to assess the safety and tolerability of three intrathecal injections of NurOwn in AD patients. Following bone marrow aspiration during a 10-week run-in period, patients will be treated three times with NurOwn, with eight weeks between treatments. Follow-up visits will occur 12 and 26 weeks following the final injection of NurOwn for a total trial length of 52 weeks. The following figure gives an overview of the trial design.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum will be collected prior to treatment and again at Weeks 0, 8, and 16 to assess changes in various neurotropic, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory factors (e.g., VEGF, HGF, NfL, NfH, MCP-1, IL-6), markers associated with amyloid deposition (e.g., a40, a42), and markers of tau protein levels (e.g., p-tau, t-tau). Additional clinical outcome measures will be analyzed through administration of the following tests:

Clinical Dementia Rating ScaledSum of Boxes (CDR-SB)

Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT)

Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB)

Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) subtests

Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE)

AmsterdamInstrumentalActivitiesofDailyLivingQuestionnaire-ShortVersion(A-IADL-Q-SV)

Alzheimers Disease

Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in older adults. The disease is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer, who identified the first case in a 50-year-old woman named Auguste Deter in 1902. Dr. Alzheimer followed her case until her death in 1906, at which point he first publicly reported on it (Alzheimer, 1907).

After Ms. Deters death, Dr. Alzheimer examined her brain and found many abnormal clumps (now known as amyloid plaques) and tangled bundles of fibers (now known as neurofibrillary tangles). Over the next five years, 11 similar cases were reported in the medical literature, with some of them already using the term Alzheimers disease (Berchtold et al., 1998).

The most common early symptom of AD is a gradually worsening ability to remember new information. This is due to neurons associated with forming new memories dying off first. As neurons in other parts of the brain die, individuals experience different symptoms, which include:

Memory loss that disrupts daily life

Inability to plan or solve problems

Difficulty completing familiar tasks

Confusion with location and time

Difficulty with visual images and spatial relationships

Problems with words in speaking or writing

Withdrawal from social activities

Changes in mood, including apathy and depression

Each person progresses through AD at a different rate, and little is known about how or why there is such a marked variation, thus predicting how it will affect someone is quite difficult. One thing that is common to everyone diagnosed with AD is that his or her cognitive and functional abilities will gradually decline. As the disease progresses symptoms can include confusion, irritability, aggression, mood swings, and long-term memory loss. In the final advanced stage of the disease, people need help with the basic activities of living (e.g., bathing, dressing, eating, and using the restroom), they lose the ability to communicate, fail to recognize loved ones, and eventually become bed bound and reliant on round-the-clock care (Frstl et al., 1999). The inability to move makes them more prone to infections, including pneumonia, which are often a contributing factor to the death of those with AD.

Competing Theories for the Cause of Alzheimers

The root cause of Alzheimers is still unknown; however, it is likely to involve a number of different factors as opposed to being due to one single cause. These factors are likely a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle. There are a number of hypotheses that exist to explain the cause of the disease, with the two dominant hypotheses focused on amyloid and tau.

Amyloid hypothesis: This hypothesis proposes that extracellular beta-amyloid deposits are the fundamental cause of the disease (Hardy et al., 1991). Beta-amyloid is a fragment of the larger protein amyloid precursor protein (APP), mutations of which are known to cause FAD. Several lines of evidence support the amyloid hypothesis: 1) the location of APP is on chromosome 21, while those with Down Syndrome (trisomy 21) almost all show signs of AD by 40 years of age (Lott et al., 2005); 2) APOE4 is a major genetic risk factor for AD, and while apolipoproteins enhance the breakdown of beta-amyloid, some isoforms are less capable of performing this task than others, leading to more beta-amyloid buildup on the brain (Polvikoski et al., 1995); 3) mice that harbor a mutant form of APP develop amyloid plaques and Alzheimers-like pathology (Games et al., 1995). Lastly, amyloid plaques are readily identifiable by microscopy in the brains of AD patients (Tiraboschi et al., 2004). While the brains of many older individuals develop some plaques, the brains of AD patients show severe pathological changes specifically within the temporal neocortex (Bouras et al., 1994).

Tau hypothesis: Tau is a protein located mainly within the axonal compartment of neurons and is an important element in microtubule stabilization and neurite outgrowth. In AD, a proportion of tau protein becomes abnormally phosphorylated, dissociates from axonal microtubules, and accumulates in paired helical filaments inside the neuron (Goedert et al., 1991). When this occurs, the microtubules disintegrate causing the collapse of the neurons transport system (Igbal et al., 2005). Just as with beta-amyloid plaques, tau tangles are readily observable in the brains of those affected by AD.

In addition to amyloid and tau, inflammation has been an underappreciated and often overlooked mediator in patients with AD (Akiyama et al., 2000). A multitude of inflammatory markers are found in AD patients brains and a number of studies have shown a link between chronic inflammation and an increased risk of developing AD (Walker et al., 2017; Tao et al., 2018). Thus, a treatment such as NurOwn that can decrease inflammatory mediators could prove beneficial in AD patients.

On Track to Repot Topline Data from Phase 3 ALS Trial in 4Q20

On July 2, 2020, BrainStorm announced that all doses have been administered in the pivotal Phase 3 trial ofrecen NurOwn in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and that it remains on track to report topline data in the fourth quarter of 2020.

The ongoing randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multi-dose Phase 3 clinical trial is testing the ability of NurOwn to alter disease progression as measured by the ALSFRS-R (NCT03280056). Cells were extracted once from each patient prior to treatment, with all administrations of NurOwn derived from the same extraction of cells due to a cryopreservation process the company developed for long-term storage of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Just as with the companys prior studies, there was a 3-month run-in period prior to the first treatment with two additional NurOwn treatments occurring two and four months following the first treatment. The company is focusing the trial on faster-progressing ALS patients since those patients demonstrated superior outcomes in the Phase 2 trial of NurOwn.

BrainStorm Joins Russell 2000 and Russell 3000; Granted SME Status by EMA

On June 23, 2020, BrainStorm announced that its shares would be included in the Russell 2000 Index and the Russell 3000 Index. The annual reconstitution of the Russell indexes is done to capture the 4,000 largest U.S. stocks by market capitalization.

On June 15, 2020, BrainStorm announced that the company has been granted Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise (SME) status by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). SME status allows the company to participate in a number of financial incentives including a 90-100% reduction in the EMA fee for scientific advice, clinical study protocol design, endpoints and statistical considerations, quality inspections of facilities, and fee waivers for selective EMA pre- and post-authorization regulatory filings, including Orphan Drug and PRIME designations.

Conclusion

Were excited about the potential for NurOwn in AD and we look forward to the initiation of the Phase 2a trial later in 2020. We have recently made a few changes to our model, including the inclusion of NurOwn in AD and lowering of the discount rate from 20% to 15% for all indications. We model for the company to file for approval of NurOwn in AD in 2026 and to be granted approval in 2027. We currently estimate peak sales of over $2 billion for NurOwn in AD in both the U.S. and E.U. Using a 25% probability of approval leads to an NPV of $113 million. Combined with the NPV for NurOwn in ALS ($700 million) and MS ($41 million) along with the companys current cash position and potential cash from warrants leads to a valuation for the company of a bit less than $900 million. Dividing by the companys current fully diluted share count of 35.7 million leads to a valuation of $25 per share.

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BCLI: KOL Event Gives Overview of the use of NurOwn in Alzheimer's Disease; Raising Valuation to $25/Share - Zacks Small Cap Research

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Real relief from neuropathy with Advanced Nerve and Health Center - KHOU.com

Global Neuropathy Pain Treatment Market 2020-2024 The analyst has been monitoring the neuropathy pain treatment market and it is poised to grow by $ 1702. 89 mn during 2020-2024 progressing at a CAGR of 5% during the forecast period.

New York, July 07, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Global Neuropathy Pain Treatment Market 2020-2024" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p04796571/?utm_source=GNW Our reports on neuropathy pain treatment market provides a holistic analysis, market size and forecast, trends, growth drivers, and challenges, as well as vendor analysis covering around 25 vendors. The report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current global market scenario, latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. The market is driven by the presence of large patient pool and focus toward the development of novel therapeutics for postherpetic neuralgia. The neuropathy pain treatment market analysis includes type segment and geographic landscape.

The neuropathy pain treatment market is segmented as below: By Type Diabetic neuropathy Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy pain Postherpetic neuralgia Others

By Geographic Landscapes North America Europe APAC South America MEA

This study identifies the growing focus on the development of drugs for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy pain as one of the prime reasons driving the neuropathy pain treatment market growth during the next few years. The analyst presents a detailed picture of the market by the way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources by an analysis of key parameters. Our neuropathy pain treatment market covers the following areas: Neuropathy pain treatment market sizing Neuropathy pain treatment market forecast Neuropathy pain treatment market industry analysis

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The Global Neuropathy Pain Treatment Market is expected to grow by $ 1702.89 mn during 2020-2024 progressing at a CAGR of 5% during the forecast...

The Global Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Treatment market gives detailed Evaluation about all the Important aspects related to the marketplace. The analysis on global Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Treatment economy, offers profound insights regarding the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Treatment market covering all of the crucial aspects of the market. Moreover, the report offers historical information with future prediction over the forecast period. Various important factors such as market trends, earnings growth patterns market shares and demand and supply are contained in almost all the market research report for every industry. A number of the vital facets analysed in the report contains market share, production, key regions, earnings rate in addition to key players.

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The Surging Demand for Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Treatment in Asia-Pacific Likely to Aid the Growth of the Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Treatment Market...

The strategy analysis on Global Diabetic Neuropathy Market gives insights of market size, trends, share, growth, development plans, Investment Plan, cost structure and drivers analysis. With precise data covering all key aspects of the existing market, this report offers existing data of leading manufacturers. The Diabetic Neuropathy market report covers marketing channels and market positioning to potential growth strategies, providing in-depth analysis for new competitors or exists competitors in the Diabetic Neuropathy industry. The Report Gives Detail Analysis on Market concern Like Diabetic Neuropathy Market share, CAGR Status, Market demand and up to date Market Trends with key Market segments. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Diabetic Neuropathy manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of Diabetic Neuropathy market covering all important parameters.

Note: *The Download PDF brochure only consist of Table of Content, Research Framework, and Research Methodology.

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Global Diabetic Neuropathy market 2020-2026: Competitive AnalysisThe Diabetic Neuropathy market report designed to provide entry support, customer profile and M&As as well as go-to-market strategy support. We provide a detailed analysis of key players operating in the global Diabetic Neuropathy market, including key players such as Eli Lilly and Company, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson and Janssen Pharmaceuticals.

Scope of Diabetic Neuropathy Market:

The Diabetic Neuropathy market was valued at XX Million US$ in 2019 and is projected to reach XX Million US$ by 2024, at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period. In this study, 2019 has been considered as the base year and 2020 to 2024 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Diabetic Neuropathy.

Due to the pandemic, we have included a special section on the Impact of COVID 19 on the Diabetic Neuropathy Market which would mention How the Covid-19 is Affecting the Diabetic Neuropathy Industry, Market Trends and Potential Opportunities in the COVID-19 Landscape, Covid-19 Impact on Key Regions and Proposal for Diabetic Neuropathy Players to fight Covid-19 Impact.

The report also focuses on global major leading industry players of Global Diabetic Neuropathy market providing information such as company profiles, product picture and specification, price, capacity, cost, production, revenue and contact information. Upstream raw materials and equipment and downstream demand analysis are also carried out. With tables and figures helping analyze worldwide Global Diabetic Neuropathy market, this research provides key statistics on the state of the industry and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market. In general, the research report is a compilation of key data with regards to the competitive landscape of this vertical and the multiple regions where the business has successfully established its position. The report provides detailed information regarding the major factors (drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges) influencing the growth of the Diabetic Neuropathy market. The Diabetic Neuropathy Market Report analyzes opportunities in the overall Diabetic Neuropathy market for stakeholders by identifying the high growth segments.

The scope of the report is limited to the application of the type, and distribution channel. The regions considered in the scope of the report include North America Country (United States, Canada), South America, Asia Country (China, Japan, India, Korea), Europe Country (Germany, UK, France, Italy), Other Country (Middle East, Africa, GCC). This report presents the worldwide Diabetic Neuropathy market size (value, production and consumption), splits the breakdown (data status 20152019 and forecast to 2024), by manufacturers, region, type and application.

Market segment by Type, the product can be split into:Product Type Segmentation: Epicel, IntegraIndustry Segmentation: Chemical, Cosmetic, Pharmaceutical

The Global Diabetic Neuropathy Market report analyses the production of goods, supply, sales, and the current status of the market in a detailed manner. Furthermore, the report examines the production shares and market product sales, as well as the capacity, production capacity, trends in sales, cost analysis, and revenue generation. Several other factors such as import/export status, industrial statistics, demand and supply ratio, gross margin, and industry chain structure have also been studied in the Global Diabetic Neuropathy Market report.

The report comprehends precise analytical information related to market forecasts for several upcoming years. The report also includes the particulars about the valuation of macro and microelements significant for the growth of already established Diabetic Neuropathy Market contenders and emerging new companies. The report uses SWOT analysis for the growth assessment of the outstanding Diabetic Neuropathy Market players. It also analyzes the most recent enhancements while estimating the expansion of the foremost Diabetic Neuropathy Market players. Additionally, the key product category and segments along with sub-segments of the global Diabetic Neuropathy Market are studied in the global Market research.

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Full in-depth analysis of the parent market Important changes in market dynamics Segmentation details of the market Former, on-going, and projected market analysis in terms of volume and value Assessment of niche industry developments Market share analysis Key strategies of major players Emerging segments and regional markets Testimonials to companies in order to fortify their foothold in the market.

Further, in the research report, the following points are included along with an in-depth study of each point:

* Production Analysis Production is analyzed with respect to different regions, types, and applications. Here, the price analysis of various Market key players is also covered.* Sales and Revenue Analysis Both, sales and revenue are studied for the different regions of the global market. Another major aspect, price, which plays an important part in the revenue generation is also assessed in this section for the various regions.* Supply and Consumption In continuation of sales, this section studies the supply and consumption of the Market. This part also sheds light on the gap between supply and consumption. Import and export figures are also given in this part.* Other analyses Apart from the information, trade and distribution analysis for the Market, contact information of major manufacturers, suppliers and key consumers are also given. Also, SWOT analysis for new projects and feasibility analysis for new investment are included.

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Diabetic Neuropathy Market Growth Opportunities by Regions, Scope, Key Players, Type and Application; Trend Forecast to 2026 - Daily Research...

Diabetic Neuropathy Therapeutics Market has witnessed continuous growth within the past few years and is projected to grow even more throughout the forecast period (2020 2027). The analysis presents a whole assessment of the market and contains Future trends, Current Growth Factors, attentive opinions, facts, historical information, and statistically supported and trade valid market information.

The report, titled Global Diabetic Neuropathy Therapeutics Market defines and briefs readers about its products, applications, and specifications. The research lists key companies operating in the global market and also highlights the key changing trends adopted by the companies to maintain their dominance. By using SWOT analysis and Porters five force analysis tools, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of key companies are all mentioned in the report. All leading players in this global market are profiled with details such as product types, business overview, sales, manufacturing base, competitors, applications, and specifications.

You Can Request A Demo Version of Report Before Buying (Higher Preference For Corporate Email ID User): https://www.worldwidemarketreports.com/sample/141541

Abbott Laboratories, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Eli Lilly and Company, Johnson & Johnson, GlaxoSmithKline Plc, Lupin Limited, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited, Depomed Inc., Astellas Pharma Inc, Pfizer Inc of the major organizations dominating the global market.(*Note: Other Players Can be Added per Request)

1. Industry outlookThis is where youll find the current state of the Diabetic Neuropathy Therapeutics industry overall and where its headed. Relevant industry metrics like size, trends, life cycle, and projected growth included here. This report comes prepared with the data to back up your business idea. On a regional basis, the Global Diabetic Neuropathy Therapeutics market has been segmented into Asia-Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa.

2. Target marketThis target market section of study includes the following:

User persona and characteristics: It includes demographics such as age, income, and location. It lets you know what their interests and buying habits are, as well as explain the best position to meet their needs.

Market size: How big is the potential Diabetic Neuropathy Therapeutics market for your business? It brings to light the consumption in the Diabetic Neuropathy Therapeutics industry by the type and application.

3. Competitive analysisDiscover your competitors. The report lets you know what youre up against, but it also lets you spot the competitions weaknesses. Are there customers that are underserved? What can you offer that similar businesses arent offering? The competitive analysis contains the following components:

Direct competitors: What other companies are offering similar products and services? Which companies are your true competitors?

Competitor strengths and weaknesses: What is your competition good at? Where do they fall behind? Get insights to spot opportunities to excel where others are falling short.

Barriers to entry: What are the potential pitfalls of entering the Diabetic Neuropathy Therapeutics market? Whats the cost of entry? Is it prohibitively high, or easy to enter?

The window of opportunity:Does your entry into the Diabetic Neuropathy Therapeutics industry rely on time-sensitive technology? Do you need to enter early to take advantage of an emerging market?

4. ProjectionsLikewise, We offered thoughtful, not hockey-stick forecasting.

Market share:We have given the consumption behavior of users. When you know how much can your future customers spend, then only youll understand how much of the Diabetic Neuropathy Therapeutics industry you have a chance to grab, and here we came up with real stats and numbers.

Impact Analysis of COVID-19:The complete version of the Report will include the impact of the COVID-19, and anticipated change on the future outlook of the industry, by taking into account the political, economic, social, and technological parameters.

Finally, It is one report that hasnt shied away from taking a critical look at the current status and future outlook for the consumption/sales of these products, by the end users and applications. Not forgetting the market share control and growth rate of the Diabetic Neuropathy Therapeutics Industry, per application. Most noteworthy, this market analysis will help you find market blind spots.

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Diabetic Neuropathy Therapeutics Market: Forecast With Size, Share, Analysis, Rising Demand and Opportunity Outlook: Abbott Laboratories, Hoffmann-La...

The novel, Blindness, by Portuguese Nobel Laureate Jos Saramago, is strikingly prescient about a sweeping illness. The plot revolves around a mysterious epidemic because of which people suddenly turn blind.

It starts with a person driving his car who turns blind while waiting at a traffic signal. He pleads to be taken home and a man, on the pretext of helping, takes him home but soon after runs away with his car. The contagion spreads rapidly and all those affected by the epidemic are quarantined in an asylum. The novel follows seven people, who do not have names but only descriptions: the doctor, the doctors wife, the girl with the dark glasses, etc. Lack of equitable delivery of food, inhospitable and unhygienic living conditions, police brutality and apathy of power structures lead to panic among the blind. They are on the brink of starvation. Seven characters escape the asylum and enter the city where they came from only to find that everybody in the city has become blind. Lacking any support, the country plunges into utter despair before resurrection happens quite magically.

Also read | Whos afraid of a virus wolf?

Apart from the obvious connections with the pandemic, there are other, numerous and allegorical ways in which Saramagos world resonates with contemporary India.

Consider for example, the case of blindness regarding the number of migrant workers. The governments own data sources are inconsistent and are a massive underestimate. The office of the Chief Labour Commissioner stated that there are 26 lakh migrants while various estimates, including the Economic Survey, put this number above 8 crore people. The anonymity of the workers has been reinforced as governments have not kept records of who they are and where they are working. This lack of accountability has given a free rein to the complex web of contractors and sub-contractors to exert various forms of exploitation. The migrant workers, like the characters in Blindness, have been rendered nameless in this unequal power gambit.

Then, there is the blindness about hunger and deaths. On June 30, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced free food grains for National Food Security Act (NFSA) beneficiaries till November. While it is a welcome move, it yet again excludes those without ration cards. As per estimates of Meghana Mungikar, Jean Drze, and Reetika Khera, roughly 10 crore eligible beneficiaries continue to be excluded under the NFSA . This is because the central government is still using 2011 Census data and hence underestimates NFSA coverage. Moreover, migrants and many self-employed workers do not have ration cards. At a time when the warehouses of the Food Corporation of India have 2.5 times the buffer stock norms, not universalising rations is inexplicable.

Also read | Getting cash transfers out of a JAM

Two petitions concerning food and income support for migrants were summarily dismissed by the Supreme Court of India during lockdown. The Court finally took suo motu cognisance of the crisis after 20 senior lawyers wrote a letter to the Chief Justice of India to intervene. The Solicitor General, Tushar Mehta, representing the Union of India, has submitted that there has been no death in the Shramik trains because of lack of water and food, and all deaths took place due to earlier illnesses. On May 15, Union Minister of Railways Piyush Goyal at Bennett University said, We have gone through the entire three months without a single person starving. In reality, there have been at least 850 non-COVID deaths due to an unplanned lockdown. Indian Railway Protection Force Service data show that there have been 80 deaths in Shramik trains alone between May 9 and May 27; most of these are due to starvation and financial distress. Numerous ground reports indicated the extent of hunger. As in Stranded Workers Action Network (SWAN) reports covering more than 34,000 workers, 50% had just one day of rations left and 64% had less than 100 when they reached out during the lockdown. In such light, the combination of falsehoods and measured silence by the governing institutions and the judiciary indicate that they have been afflicted by Saramagos imaginary epidemic of blindness that refused to see the gravity of the crisis.

As rising cases of COVID-19 suggest, the lockdown did not curb the spread of the virus. It was a unilateral decision taken, apparently, to buy time to create health-care facilities. However, the governments hubris backfired. The resilience and the perseverance of the migrants exerting their fundamental right to return pushed the government to respond this time. The SWAN report says: While a part of the governments slow response is due to the lack of empathy towards workers, a part is also the result of inefficiencies resulting from unilateral decision-making. Consequently, the government has created an archive of distress and a museum of misery. The maze of obfuscating travel orders and the opacity surrounding train schedules was as if the migrants were made to play a cruel game of snakes and ladders. The lucky ones took the metaphorical ladder to the train only to find themselves hungry and fighting with fellow migrant travellers to get food. Even among them, most have had to pay for travel forms, pay bribes and face police brutality. The resemblances with the plight of those in Saramagos novel are uncanny. The unlucky ones stayed back, some evicted from their rented spaces, waiting anxiously for their illusory chance to come. As a character says in the Saramago novel, ... you have to wait, give it time, its time that rules, time is our gambling partner on the other side of the table and it holds all the cards of the deck in its hand, we have to guess the winning cards of life, our lives.

Full coverage | Lockdown displaces lakhs of migrants

Unlike Saramagos fictional world, such systemic and structural blindness has no magical cure. After continued hostility that workers were forced to endure, it is difficult to pin down the precise analytical reasons for the diverse expressions from migrants. Some have been resolute about returning immediately while some are unable to return home without earnings. Surveys cannot do full justice to understanding these amalgam of expressions and would at best create reductive categories. We definitely do not need piecemeal platitudes coming from the central government. We need many corrections such as stronger adherence to constitutional values, transparency and accountability from the government and the judiciary. And, not just those in power but also those who elect them need to collectively treat the epidemic of blindness that has eroded our moral core where we do not feel uneasy in seeing the hardships of marginalised communities.

Rajendran Narayanan teaches at Azim Premji University and has been a SWAN volunteer

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The pandemic is about eyes shut - The Hindu

A hand sanitiser is being recalled after it was found to contain potentially lethal chemicals that are highly toxic to humans and can catch fire.

Thealert was issued on July 7 by The Chartered Trading Standards Institute for Shield Hand Sanitiser Gel.

Not only is the product ineffective at killing bacteria or viruses, but contains the toxic substance methanol that can be a fire risk, the alert warns.

Made in the UK, the 100ml gel is packaged in a plastic bottle and is available with a black or white self-closing cap.

The alert states: "Consequently, it does not kill bacteria or viruses, which could then reach the user, increasing the risk of infection.

"The product does contain methanol (measured value: 3.4%), which is acutely toxic to the central nervous system and the eye.

Follow all coronavirus updates on our live blog here

"Ingestion or contact with methanol leads to blindness and death.

"Furthermore, the presence of methanol is not accompanied by the corresponding hazard pictograms and warnings.

"Users have therefore no information on the toxicity and flammability of the product, which in the presence of an ignition source, could lead to a fire."

The news of the recall comes as tens of thousands of people in "high-risk" jobs will be tested for coronavirus despite having no symptoms as part of a new government scheme.

People including taxi drivers, cleaners and shop assistants will be involved in the pilot announced by the Department of Health and Social Care today.

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Toxic hand sanitiser urgently recalled over fears it can cause blindness - Mirror Online

Taking in archival imagery, conservation objects, and photographs of plant activists, visual artist Liz Orton dissects the field of botany to invite us to look at nature in a more profound way.

According to botanists, todays extinction crisis is partly a problem of plant blindness. We dont see or know plants in the way we see and know animals, and they are going extinct at 500 times the natural rate, writes photographer Liz Orton.

Her ongoing work, Herbarium of Extinction, revolves around this statement, questioning in a variety of visual forms the reason for this blindness. That is, while botany originated in prehistory as herbalism with the efforts of early humans to identify and later cultivate edible, medicinal and poisonous plants, these efforts to calatogue plants led in the 18th century to the binomial system, approaching plants according to their only biological aspects.

This system remains in use to this day, with the consequence to alter our emotional proximity to plants. In a poetic way, Orton introduces the notion of attachment and memory that we are lacking for the flora by including to her series objects that used to belong to her mother a framed photograph of plants, a brush such as those used to clean nails after gardening, a dictionary open to the entry E as in extinction. Thats a personal story around lost and care, how you might use representation if you want to retrieve or recover something, she says.

Delving into the past of her subject, she was also triggered by the latin naming of plants associated to the binominal system. You could say in a way that botany was one of colonialisms agents of operation, she notes. To convey such an abstract concept, Orton worked with ancient botanical collections that have been digitised. Using available images of endangered specimens, she cleaned them, manipulated them, ultimately takes it one step further away from the plant itself. And by doing so, she also appropriates the process of digital repatriation - the return of items of cultural heritage in a digital format to the communities from which they originated to subtly point at imperialism. And what, if not imperialism, turned us to think of the world as always more accessible and available, in other words, consumable?

As an engaging counterpoint, portraits of plant activists and experts interacting with plants round off the series. Nature tends to be designated as a passive, static, backdrop across which the body works. And I was more interested in like the idea of the exchange between the body and the plant, Orton explains. I often told to the people, lets let the plant make the first move. The result is a gentle choreography of leaves and arms, branches and bodies, flowers and hands that arouse a curiosity to carefully look at nature again. With something else than our eyes.

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Liz Orton is a visual artist working with photography, text and film to explore the relationship between images, knowledge and authorship. Her work engages widely with archives, both real and imagined, to explore the tensions between personal and scientific forms of knowledge.

Laurence Cornet is a writer and curator based in Paris focusing on cultural and environmental issues. She is also the editorial director of Dysturb.

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This article is part of our feature series Photo Kernel, which aims to give space to the best contemporary practitioners in our community. The word Kernel means the core, centre, or essence of an object, but it also refers to image processing.

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The Alarming Phenomenon of Plant Blindness - PHmuseum

Associative freedom is often entirely absent from popular discourse about liberalism and our political debates, perhaps because liberals have come to take it entirely for granted.

Overall, the liberal ideal is a diverse, pluralistic society of autonomous people guided by reason and tolerance. The dream is harmonious coexistence. But liberalism also happens to excel at generating dissensus, and some of the major sociopolitical controversies of the past few years should be understood as conflicts not between liberalism and something else but between parties placing emphasis on different liberal freedomschiefly freedom of speech, a popular favorite which needs no introduction, and freedom of association, the under-heralded right of individuals to unite for a common purpose or in alignment with a particular set of values. Like free speech, freedom of association has been enshrined in liberal democratic jurisprudence here and across the world; liberal theorists from John Stuart Mill to John Rawls have declared it one of the essential human liberties. Yet associative freedom is often entirely absent from popular discourse about liberalism and our political debates, perhaps because liberals have come to take it entirely for granted.

For instance, while public universities in America are generally bound by the First Amendment, controversial speakers have no broad right to speak at private institutions. Those institutions do, however, have a right to decide what ideas they are and arent interested in entertaining and what people they believe will or will not be useful to their communities of scholarsa right that limits the entry and participation not only of public figures with controversial views but the vast majority of people in our society. Senators like Tom Cotton have every right to have their views published in a newspaper. But they have no specific right to have those views published by any particular publication. Rather, publications have the rightboth constitutionally as institutions of the press, and by convention as collections of individuals engaged in lawful projectsto decide what and whom they would or would not like to publish, based on whatever standards happen to prevail within each outlet.

When a speaker is denied or when staffers at a publication argue that something should not have been published, the rights of the parties in question havent been violated in any way. But what we tend to hear in these and similar situations are criticisms that are at odds with the principle that groups in liberal society have the general right to commit themselves to values which many might disagree with and make decisions on that basis. Theres nothing unreasonable about criticizing the substance of such decisions and the values that produce them. But accusations of illiberalism in these cases carry the implication that nonstate institutions under liberalism have an obligation of some sort to be maximally permissive of opposing ideasor at least maximally permissive of the kinds of ideas critics of progressive identity politics consider important. In fact, they do not.

Associative freedom is no less vital to liberalism than the other freedoms, and is actually integral to their functioning. There isnt a right explicitly enumerated in the First Amendment that isnt implicitly dependent on or augmented by similarly minded individuals having the right to come together. Most people worship with others; an assembly or petition of one isnt worth much; the institutions of the press are, again, associations; and individual speech is functionally inert unless some group chooses to offer a venue or a platform. And political speech is, in the first place, generally aimed at stirring some group or constituency to contemplation or action.

Ultimately, associative freedom is critical because groups and associations are the very building blocks of society. Political parties and unions, nonprofits and civic organizations, whole religions and whole ideologiesindividuals cannot be meaningfully free unless they have the freedom to create, make themselves part of, and define these and other kinds of affiliations. Some of our affiliations, including the major identity categories, are involuntary, and this is among the complications that makes associative freedom as messy as it is important. Just as the principle of free speech forces us into debates over hate speech, obscenity, and misinformation, association is the root of identity-based discrimination and other ills. The Supreme Courts decision in Bostock v. Clayton County banning employment discrimination on the basis of LGBTQ identity last month was a huge step forward, but in practice, workers of all stripes often lack the means and opportunity to defend themselves from unjust firingsall the more reason for those preoccupied with cancel culture and social mediadriven dismissals to support just-cause provisions and an end to at-will employment.

What about the oft-repeated charge that progressives today intend to establish group rights over and above the rights of the individualthat, specifically, minorities and certain disadvantaged groups are to be given more rights than, and held as superior to, white people? If this were the case, the critics of left illiberalism would truly be onto something: Individual rights are, again, at the center of liberal thought.

But that divergence isnt anywhere to be found in any of the major controversies that have recently captured broad attention. A minority chef who says she wants to be paid as much as her white colleagues has not said that white people are inferior; an unarmed black man under the knee of a policeman and begging for his life is not asking to be conferred a special privilege. The goal is parity, not superiority. The heart of the protests and cultural agitation weve witnessed has clearly been a desire to see minorities treated equallysharing the rights to which all people are entitled but that have been denied to many by societys extant bigots and the residual effects of injustices past.

Ultimately, its the realities of our collective past that make the notion that progressives are dragging the country toward illiberalism especially ridiculous. Over the course of two and a half centuries in this country, millions of human beings held as property toiled for the comfort and profit of already wealthy people who tortured and raped them. Just over 150 years ago, the last generation of slaves was released into systems of subjugation from which its descendants have not recovered. August will mark just 100 years since women were granted the right to vote; Black Americans, nominally awarded that right during Reconstruction, couldnt take full advantage of it until the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965. The litany of other inequities and crimes our country has perpetrated and continues to perpetrate against Native Americans, immigrants, religious and sexual minorities, political dissidents, and the poor is endless. All told, liberal society in the U.S. is, at best, just over half a century old: If it were a person, it would be too young to qualify for Medicare.

See the original post:
The Willful Blindness of Reactionary Liberalism - The New Republic