StemCell Therapy

Systematic paleontology

Aneuretopsychidae Rasnitsyn and Kozlov, 1990.

Burmopsyche gen. nov.

LSID (Life Science Identifier). urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:15E5EB7B-004B-4AA7-A807-F2EE5C095EF0.

Etymology. The generic name is derived from Burma, the original English name of Myanmar, and -psyche, a typical suffix of generic names in Aneuretopsychidae. Gender: feminine.

Type species. Burmopsyche bella sp. nov.

Other species included. Burmopsyche xiai sp. nov.

Diagnosis. Head triangular in dorsal view, with ocelli raised on ocellar dome, with lateral and medial ocelli at edges of dome. Maxillary palps three-segmented. Antennae moniliform, slender, shorter than proboscis. Wings membranous, without spots or patterns of infuscation aside from pigmented pterostigma between termination of Sc and R1. Forewing ovate to subtriangular, relatively broad at base, with more or less distinct tornus and narrow but extended clavus; Sc reaching middle of wing length or beyond, with strong humeral vein and short distal branch to costal margin; R1 long and simple, braced to Rs by three crossveins; Rs separating from R1 proximally, in basal one-fifth of wing; Rs four-branched with two forks, of which Rs1+2 fork distinctly shorter than that of Rs3+4; stem of M elongate and straight, forking nearly at wing midlength, distal to Rs fork; M three-branched; connection between M and CuA obtuse Y-shaped, with prominent, strong upper arm (M5) and lower arm (base of CuA) much shorter, crossvein-like; CuA long, reaching at least three-fourths of wing length or more, straight in basal half, then broken lineshaped, with three crossveins to M; CuP long, braced to CuA by two strong crossveins, which form a characteristic hexagonal cell; three anal veins long and subparallel to CuP and to each other; A1 and A2 connected by strong, oblique crossvein forming pseudo-loop (apomorphy of family); A3 with long oblique crossvein to wing margin. Hind wing subtriangular, with wide folding vannus and well-developed jugum; hind wing R1 bearing a distinctive row of setal hooks along its medial third (potentially to link with posterior portion of forewing during flight); venation of remigium more or less similar to forewing. Legs slender, with setation of femora and especially tibiae arranged in transverse linear series, those of tibiae and tarsi longer and stiffer on inner surfaces; distitarsi slightly expanded with ventral surfaces flattened to faintly concave and covered in microtrichia; pretarsal claws large, broadly arched, and widely separated by broad and blunt unguitractor. Female cercus dimerous (two cercomeres).

Remarks. The new genus undoubtedly belongs to Aneuretopsychidae based on the opisthognathous siphonate mouthparts, the presence of pseudo-loop in the anal area of the forewing, and the well-developed jugum of the hind wing. It differs from other genera of Aneuretopsychidae by the relatively small body size [except for Aneuretopsyche minima; Rasnitsyn and Kozlov, 1990 (2)], three-segmented maxillary palps, and three-branched M in both fore- and hind wings.

In addition to the two species described here, there are two additional undetermined specimens embedded in the same piece of amber, at least one of which may represent a third species of the genus (see note S1 and fig. S1).

Burmopsyche bella sp. nov. (Figs. 1, A to J, and 2, A, C, D, and fig. S2)

(A) Burmopsyche bella gen. et sp. nov.; holotype, NIGP166158a (left); paratype, NIGP166158b (right). (B and C) Burmopsyche bella gen. et sp. nov.; holotype, NIGP166158a. (B) Habitus in lateral view. (C) Head and proboscis, enlarged from the red template in (B). (D to F) Burmopsyche bella gen. et sp. nov.; paratype, NIGP166158b. (D) Habitus in lateral view. (E) Head and proboscis, enlarged from the red template in (D). (F) Genitalia, enlarged from the green template in (D). (G to J) Burmopsyche bella gen. et sp. nov.; paratype, NIGP166159. (G) Habitus in dorsal view. (H) Line drawing of (G). (I) Proboscis. (J) Genitalia, enlarged from the green template in (G). (K) Reconstruction of mouthparts of Aneuretopsychidae (note the opisthognathous orientation of mouthparts). (L to P) Burmopsyche xiai sp. nov.; holotype, NIGP171685. (L) Genitalia, enlarged from the green template in (O). (M) Habitus in right lateral view. (N) Proboscis, enlarged from the red template in (M). (O) Habitus in left lateral view. (P) Proboscis, enlarged from the red template in (O). An, antennae; Ce1, cercus segment 1; Ce2, cercus segment 2; Fc, food channel; Ga, galea; Hy, hypopharynx; Mxp, maxillary palp. Scale bars, 2 mm (A, B, D, M, and O), 1 mm (G and H), 0.5 mm (C, E, and P), and 0.2 mm (F, I, J, L, and N). Photo credit: B.W., Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

(A) Burmopsyche bella gen. et sp. nov.; holotype, NIGP166158a. (B) Burmopsyche xiai sp. nov.; holotype, NIGP171685. (C) Burmopsyche bella gen. et sp. nov.; paratype, NIGP166158b; forewing. (D) Burmopsyche bella gen. et sp. nov.; paratype, NIGP166159; forewing. Scale bars, 1 mm.

LSID. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 204B591A-2B9F-40F8-88C0-67D8C5FB5BFC.

Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Latin bellus, meaning beautiful.

Materials. NIGP166158, two adults preserved in an amber piece: holotype, NIGP166158a, a well-preserved incomplete specimen of unknown sex (distal part of abdomen is missing, legs partly preserved); paratype, NIGP166158b, a nearly complete female (forewings apices missing) embedded in the same piece of amber. Paratype, NIGP166159, a nearly complete female of somewhat smaller size, with right wings partially destroyed.

Locality and horizon. Noije Bum Village, Tanaing Town, northern Myanmar; lowermost Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous.

Diagnosis. Body length 7 to 8 mm. Forewing length 8 to 10 mm; fork of Rs1+2 slightly shorter than stem; fork of Rs3+4 about 1.3 as long as its stem, longer than fork of Rs1+2; M1 simple, M2+3 with distinct fork; CuA long, in basal half straight, in distal half broken linelike, hexagonal cell as long as distal portion of CuA.

Description. Head spheroidal in lateral view, length 1.02 mm, width 0.77 mm, approximately half of greatest width of thorax, with prolonged siphonate mouthparts. Three prominent ocelli present on vertex (not visible in holotype, but well preserved in paratype NIGP166159); compound eyes large and rounded, occupying most of the head. Antennae connected to head in frontal region below ocelli; scapus poorly visible, elongate; pedicellus relatively large, apically dilated; flagellum moniliform, with approximately 49 to 50 flagellomeres (42 in paratype NIGP166159), up to three times wider than long; each flagellomere slightly flattened, with three setal whorls (proximal, medial, and distal), with medial whorl composed of the most prominent setae and positioned slightly closed to proximal whorl. Entire length of antenna (in holotype) 4.10 mm. Proboscis thin, flexible, consisting of three lobes, apparently lacking any terminal absorptive structures such as pseudolabellae. Hypopharynx greatly slender, about 3.80 mm long, needle-like at tip; galeal sheaths of proboscis as long as hypopharynx. Other head and mouthpart structures, including clypeus, labrum, and maxillary palpi not visible as preserved.

Thorax length 3.12 mm, width 1.79 mm, pronotum very small, mesonotum and metanotum subequal in size. Legs entirely covered with annulate setae (shown in paratype NIGP166158b); coxae and femora not shortened; tibiae slightly longer than femora; tarsi five-segmented, basitarsus longest, nearly as long as remaining tarsomeres combined; pretarsi with two curved claws and unpaired arolium. Abdomen (based mainly on the paratype NIGP166158b) stout, slightly shorter than wings, preabdominal segments obscured, postabdominal (VI to XI) segments tapering apically. Cerci dimerous, distal cercomere filamentary (in paratype NIGP166158b, dorsally curved as preserved; in NIGP166159, straight), with dense, nonisometric setae.

Forewing oblong-subtriangular, with distinct tornal angle at about 0.7 wing length with blunt apex. Forewing length about 10.5 mm, maximum width 4.15 mm, length/width ratio 2.5:1. Sc long, straight, reaching beyond middle of wing, with strong humeral vein at base and short distal branch to costal margin, in apical portion connected to R1 by short crossvein sc-r1. R1 long, simple, in distal third gently curved toward wing apex. Pterostigma well developed, extensive, at base extending toward RS1+2 along r1rs1+2 crossvein, in distal part bounded by R1. Rs separating from R1 in basal one-fifth of wing, four-branched, forking somewhat before middle of wing; fork of Rs1+2 slightly shorter than stem; fork of Rs3+4 about 1.3 as long as its stem, longer than fork of Rs1+2; stem of Rs3+4 with distinct curve at first crossvein to M. Base of medial vein braced to base of R1 by short crossvein r-m. M forking at center of wing distal to Rs fork, having three branches meeting wing margin, M1 simple, M2+3 with distinct fork. CuA long, ending nearly at three-fourths of wing length just beyond tornus, in basal half straight, in distal half broken linelike, braced to CuP by two long crossveins, of which distal one is strongly oblique; hexagonal cell as long as distal portion of CuA. CuP long, ending somewhat before or beyond level of Sc apex, apical portion of CuP after distal cua-cup crossvein sharply curved toward wing margin. Three anal veins long and subparallel to CuP and to each other, A2 reaching middle of wing length, at level of M fork; A1 and A2 connected by strongly oblique crossvein, which is relatively short and located slightly distal to cubito-medial Y-vein; A2 markedly curved at this point. Space posterior to third anal vein wide, crossed by oblique crossvein from A3 to wing margin. Crossveins numerous, concentrated mainly in distal half of wing, arranged in three more or less distinct rows; crossveins mostly forwardly inclined or upright.

Hind wing delicate, somewhat smaller than forewing, subtriangular in shape, with distinct apical angle and smooth tornus. Hind wing length about 8.45 mm, width of remigium about 3.6 mm. Bases of all main veins close to wing base. Costal space narrow, Sc long and simple, with short apical crossvein to R1. Pterostigma not developed. Vein R1 with distinctive row of long, anteriorly directed hooked setae. Branching pattern of Rs and M and arrangement of crossveins similar to forewing. Spaces between cubital and anal veins expanded, crossed by long crossveins: three in intercubital space, one in space CuP-A1, and one in space A1-A2 (in addition to two short basal crossveins a1-a2). Veins CuP and A1 fused for short distance before separating close to wing base. Vannus folded twice, vannal (claval) fold apparently located behind A1; vein A3 and jugal (anal) fold not discernible, as well as jugal veins, if present.

Burmopsyche xiai sp. nov. (Figs. 1, L to P, and 2B)

LSID. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C925539E-A099-47F8-A9AA-4537153887DC.

Etymology. The specific name honors Mr. Fangyuan Xia, director of the Lingpoge Amber Museum in Shanghai.

Holotype. NIGP171685, a nearly complete female with distal parts of antennae missing.

Locality and horizon. Noije Bum Village, Tanaing Town, northern Myanmar; lowermost Cenomanian, Upper Cretaceous.

Diagnosis. Body length about 12 mm. Forewing length about 9 mm; fork of Rs1+2 about as long as its stem; fork of Rs3+4 about 2.5 as long as stem; M1+2 with deep fork, M3 simple and more or less smooth at crossvein junctions; CuA long, ending nearly at 0.8 of wing length just beyond tornus, hexagonal cell relatively short, half as long as distal portion of CuA.

Description. Body length 12.1 mm, thorax length 3.0 mm, abdomen length 7.2 mm. Head length 1.9 mm, seriously distorted; with prolonged siphonate mouthparts. Most of the head and body structures obscured. Preserved part of antenna, 1.63 mm. Maxillary palpi short, about 0.53 mm long, three-segmented. Proboscis about 3.08 mm long.

Thorax length 3.07 mm, width 0.62 mm. Legs with short, dense setae (visible only in hind tibiae and tarsi), hind legs distinctly longer than fore and mid legs. Length: profemur 1.31 mm, protibia 1.92 mm, protarsus 1.48 mm; mesofemur 1.54 mm, mesotibia 1.97 mm, mesotarsus 1.64 mm; metafemur 2.28 mm, metatibia 2.08 mm, metatarsus 1.81 mm; tarsus pentamerous, basitarsus longest, but shorter than other four tarsomeres combined; pretarsus obscured. Abdomen slender, tapering apically, length 7.16 mm, with two cercomeres.

Forewing ovate, with rounded apex, claval area and posterior (inner) margin not visible (overlapped by hind wing), tornal angle unclear. Forewing length 8.95 mm, maximum width 4.3 mm, length/width ratio 2:1. Sc long, straight, reaching beyond middle of wing, with strong humeral vein at base possibly having a short vein to costal margin at about middle of wing length; Sc near apex connected to R1 by short crossvein sc-r1. R1 long, simple, gently curved toward apex of wing. Pterostigma not preserved. Rs separating from R1 in basal one-fifth of wing length, forking somewhat before middle of wing; fork of Rs1+2, about as long as its stem; fork of Rs3+4, about 2.5 as long as stem, longer than fork of Rs1+2; stem of Rs3+4 with distinct curve at first crossvein to M. Medial vein fork near center of wing somewhat distal to Rs fork, having three branches meeting wing margin, M1+2 with deep fork, M3 simple and more or less smooth at crossvein junctions. Base of CuA slightly inclined backward, forming an obtuse Y-vein with long M-arm (M5). CuA long, ending nearly at 0.8 of wing length just beyond tornus, in basal half straight, in distal half broken lineshaped, braced to CuP by two relatively short crossveins; hexagonal cell relatively short, half as long as distal portion of CuA. CuP long, ending at least at the level of Sc apex or beyond; apical part of CuP not visible but must be quite long and without sharp curve to wing margin. A1 long and subparallel to CuP, its distal portion not visible; other anal veins visible only at their bases. A1 and A2 connected by long, strongly oblique crossvein possibly located somewhat before cubito-medial Y-vein; portion of A2 distal to this crossvein not visible. Space posterior to A3 narrow, crossed by short oblique crossvein from A3 to wing margin. Crossveins numerous, concentrated mainly in distal half of wing, indistinctly arranged in three rows, mostly upright or inclined backward.

Hind wing subtriangular in shape, with obtuse apex and smooth tornus; length about 7.6 mm, width of remigium 3.35 mm. Both hind wings slightly bent at costal margin toward wing plane, such that Sc not visible. Pterostigma not developed. Branching pattern of remigium more or less similar to forewing, except for more expanded intercubital space crossed by three long crossveins instead of two as in forewing. Vannus folded, details of venation not discernible.

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Mouthpart homologies and life habits of Mesozoic long-proboscid scorpionflies - Science Advances

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Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market Incredible Possibilities, Growth With Industry Study, Detailed Analysis And Forecast To 2026 - News Times

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Magnetic Separation Devices Market Report 2020: Acute Analysis of Global Demand and Supply 2024 with Major Key Player: IMA, Thermo Fisher Scientific,...

When it comes to tropical fruits, Norwich probably isnt the first place that springs to mind. But here, in a drab research park at the edge of the East Anglian city, a team of banana experts led by a former Israeli naval commander is working feverishly to save the fruit from extinction.

Bananas are the fourth most important food crop globally, its the most consumed and produced food, says Gilad Gershon, chief executive of Tropic Biosciences.

The start-up, which moved to Norwich in 2016, consists of a team of almost 50 scientists and researchersworking onediting the genes of bananas to protect them againstdiseases.

Its for a good reason. For more than 20 years, tropical race 4 (TR4), a soil-borne strain of the Fusarium wilt fungus, has been slowly making its way across the world from south-east Asia, threatening to wreak havoc on the global banana industry.

In 2013, the fungus was discovered on a farm in northern Mozambique, before making its way to Colombia, where it was detected last year, leading to a national state of emergency.Bananas are a major crop and a mainstay of the countrys agricultural economy.

As the worlds fourth largest exporter of bananas, the arrival of the disease in South America has created a problem for the industry. The disease disrupts the vascular systems of plants and can live in the soilfor decades.

There is an additional problem.

Bananas are uniquely vulnerable to disease because a single strain of the fruit, known as theCavendish banana, overwhelmingly dominates the global industry making it highly susceptible.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, the Cavendish banana accounts for50pc of global production, while constituting almost 100pc of the global export market, worth more than $13.6bn (10.6bn).

The disease is a significant threat for the banana sector, particularly for the Cavendish bananas, not only from the supply point of view but also for the economies of the banana producing countries and livelihoods of smallholder producers, says Fazil Dusunceli, agriculture officer at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation.

Tropic Biosciences, which raised $10m in a Series A round in 2018, has since been doubling down on efforts to find ways of protecting the Cavendish banana from wipeout.

Cavendish bananas are asexual, which means they cant be bred in a way that eliminates the genes putting them at risk, according to Gershon. So the company has put its gene-editing technology to work to mitigate challenges from the fungus.

The impact is potentially catastrophic for the banana industry the exposure here is massive because you have a single banana, he says. The weight on our shoulders as a company today is very high. Theres not a lot of people solving this massive banana issue in the world.

There is a lot at stake. The population of the Tropics will grow by over 500m people by 2030, accounting for half the worlds population. This creates an unprecedented need for more productive and environmentally friendly agricultural production. Nor are concerns over a banana plight unwarranted.

In the first half of the 20th century, the Gros Michel banana, which went by the nickname Big Mike, was the most popular variant of the fruit, with exports from Central America to the US and Europe dominating the trade.

The singular focus on Gros Michel, a small banana described as having a tartish aftertaste, proved to be lucrative but ran a risk. In the Fifties, the United Fruit Company, a US firm that established sprawling plantations in places such as Costa Rica and Guatemala, led to the development of so-called banana republics that forced economies into a dependence on a genetically limited crop.

A collapse was inevitable. Amid growing rebellion from locals who demanded higher wages, the United Fruit Companys annual profits of $65m came under pressure when tropical race 1, a strain, of the fungal Panama disease, infected the fruit and brought commercial production to a screeching halt.

Its the kind of threat banana producers are desperate to prevent but the risk of history repeating itself, with an industry dependent on the export of a single type of banana again, is obvious.

For Gershon, it means that there is work to be done. After six years in the Israel Defence Forces, where he commanded a ship as a Lt Commander, the Tropic Biosciences boss made a foray into venture capital, becoming a senior investor at Pontifax Agtech, a Los Angeles-based fund specialising in food and agriculture technology.

In that capacity I became more and more aware of the promise of gene editing from a financial perspective. Its a technology that significantly speeds up and simplifies the process of developing genetically-engineered plant products, he says.

For Gershons Norwich-based start-up, which is also working on cutting the caffeine content of coffee, gene editing technologies have become a critical tool to protect thebanana.

Originally based in Israel and the US, Tropic Biosciences picked Norwich as a location four years ago because of the supply of skilled local scientists from the university and the John Innes Centre, an independent international centre of excellence in plant science, genetics and microbiology.

Specifically, one of the main tools in the firms arsenal of tools is CRISPR, a technology that significantly reduces the cost of editing genes the essential coding for biology. It works by using a protein to cut away at sequences of DNA that might code for unfavourable traits.

At first, when the start-up began to look at bananas, it picked traits it described aslow-hanging fruit: extending the shelf-life of bananas and reducing the speed at which they turnbrown. Then it recognised their potential to tackle the impending threat to the bananas survival.

Its technology works by taking a banana flower from a place like Colombia and reducing it to millions of stem cells in cultures. Then,sequences of the Cavendish banana genes that make it susceptible to TR4 fungus are cut out.

The cells grow back in a room lit with pink neon lights, set to a temperature of 26C. They then become edited seedlings that can be sent back out to the world for full-scale growth.

According to Dusunceli, emerging technologies like this offer the chance to develop resistant varieties, but pose some issues. The issue is agronomic performance of the products and acceptance by the producers and consumers, he says.

Gershon recognises the challenges some people face in embracing food that has been edited, but is keen to highlight that the bananas it grows do not involve the injection of foreign DNA.

People have very strong feelings towards bananas and the idea of this crop being potentially lost due to this disease highlights the need to address it, he says.

There are other difficulties. Once the disease is established in a field there is no way of eradicating it, which means the plot can no longer be used to grow the fruit. Areas impacted by the latest strain have reached 100,000 hectares globally, and as Dusunceli explains: The risk of expansion isreal.

The technology may also face some barriers. The efficiency of taking the CRISPR into the cells is low. Its not like in humans, the plants have cell walls, says Dr Ofir Meir, chief technology officer at Tropic Biosciences.

But there appear to be few other options, particularly as the banana industry already walks a tightrope. Panama disease and a few other very big diseases that are already quite spread have the potential to shift the balance from a slim margin to a losing industry, Gershon says.

The ultimate solution for experts would be the prevention of the disease with expert control and management before it reaches a banana field, but as Gershon indicates, the future of the banana could depend on the willingness of people to accept an artificially altered fruit.Its hard for me to imagine today any solution not coming from gene editing.

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The race to save the banana from extinction - Telegraph.co.uk

The road to achieving a long life is littered with hype. The usual life-extension suspects include pricey pills and supplements; the peculiar involve infusions of young blood and chambers pumped with sub-zero temperatures.

Then there's science. And one scientific factor that has long been presumed to dictate much of how long we live is our DNA. For decades, it was assumed that the genes we inherit from our parents explain anywhere from 15% to 30% of the variations in longevity that are observed between people.

But a new study that came from quiet collaboration between genetics company Ancestry and a Google life-extension spinoff called Calico suggests that our genes play less of a role in our lifespan than we thought.

Instead, traits and behaviors that include everything from diet and exercise to friendliness appears to play a strong role in longevity. Surprisingly, we still pass these traits on through generations mostly by picking partners who look and act like us, the researchers report.

In essence, the findings suggest that people effectively transfer longevity from one generation to the next much in the same way that wealth and socioeconomic status are passed from parents to children: by choosing partners with attitudes and attributes that mirror our own, regardless of how different their DNA may be.

seyfettin dincturk / Unsplash

For decades, researchers studying longevity and genetics had estimated that the genes we inherit from our parents play a significant role in determining how long we live. Previous studies suggested that genes account for as much as 30% of the total variability in lifespan between individuals.

But the new study from Ancestry and Calico indicates that our DNA may be much less important in determining longevity than traits and behaviors like diet, exercise, and personality. After looking at data from more than 54 million family trees and the birth and death information for over 400 million individuals, the researchers concluded that our DNA accounts for less than 10% of lifespan variability.

Instead, we pass on longevity through generations by choosing partners whose attitudes and attributes look much like our own. In research parlance, that's known as "assortative mating."

"The true heritability of human longevity or birth cohorts across the 1800s and early 1900s was well below 10%, and ... has been generally overestimated due to the effect of assortative mating," the scientists wrote.

Put another way, we tend to pick partners with attitudes and attributes from eating and exercising to friendliness that mirror our own. And as a result, we tend to live similar amounts of time, and have children who do as well.

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Previous studies shed light on how important lifestyle factors are when it comes to how long we live. In a recent study published in the journal Circulation, for example, scientists pinpointed five lifestyle factors that appear to be linked with a significantly longer lifespan, judging by the outcomes of two long-term studies that involved about 123,000 adults.

People in the study who lived long lives tended to:

As part of several other recent studies, scientists have uncovered a handful of personality traits that also appear to be strongly linked to longer-than-average lives. They include:

Taken together, the findings suggest that how long we live may be less a matter of what we're born with than the circumstances in which we live and the choices that we make. Those choices, as the Ancestry and Google researchers acknowledge in their new paper, tend to be based on everything from social status to wealth and then, just like genetics, passed on from one generation to the next.

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Ancestry releases longevity study from partnership with ...

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY

VOL. 75, NO. 8, 2020

2020 BY THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY FOUNDATION PUBLISHED BY ELSEVIER

The Contextualized Genetics of Human Longevity JACC Focus Seminar Claudio Franceschi, MD,a,b,* Paolo Garagnani, PHD,a,* Fabiola Olivieri, PHD,c,d Stefano Salvioli, PHD,a,y Cristina Giuliani, PHDe,y ABSTRACT The genetics of human longevity has long been studied, and in this regard, centenarians represent a very informative model. Centenarians are characterized by 2 main features: 1) the capability to avoid or postpone the major age-related diseases; and 2) a high level of heterogeneity of their phenotype. The rst suggests that longevity and resistance to diseases are mediated by shared mechanisms, the latter that many strategies can be used to become long lived, likely as a result of variable genome-environment interactions. The authors suggest that the complexity of genome-environment interactions must be considered within an evolutionary and ecological perspective and that the concept of risk allele is highly context dependent, changing with age, time, and geography. Genes involved in both longevity and cardiovascular diseases, taken as a paradigmatic example of age-related diseases, as well as other emerging topics in genetics of longevity, such as microribonucleic acid (miRNA) genetics, polygenic risk scores, environmental pollutants, and somatic mutations are discussed. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2020;75:96879) 2020 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.

I

n recent decades the brand-new phenomenon

considered, compared with large genome-wide as-

of worldwide longevity is emerging, boosting

sociation studies (GWAS), and starting from 2 of

the

to

their peculiar features: 1) the heterogeneity of cen-

longevity. However, the results of this research

tenarians phenotype; and 2) the fact that they

have

avoid

study

been

of

the

sometimes

genetic extremely

contribution

heterogeneous

and often contradictory, possibly at least in part

or

postpone

major

age-related

diseases

(ARDs).

because of the denition of long-lived people that

Starting from this viewpoint, we will try to illus-

applies. In this regard, centenarians (age $100

trate some informative examples of genetic de-

years), semi-supercentenarians (age $105 years),

terminants of longevity, showing that: 1) genetics is

and supercentenarians (age $110 years) are people

context dependent; 2) the genetics environment

who are not only indisputably long lived but also

equation has multiple solutions, accounting for the

those

heterogeneity of the phenotype in centenarians;

who

better

exploited

the

potential

lifespan of Homo sapiens as a species. In fact, no

and

one has been reported so far to live more than

diseases such as cardiovascular ones are highly

about 120 years. We thus focus this review on the

interconnected, suggesting that they may be consid-

results

ered 2 sides of the same coin.

of

studies in

which

centenarians were

3)

genetic

determinants

of

longevity

and

From the aDepartment of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; bDepartment of Listen to this manuscripts

Applied Mathematics, Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny

audio summary by

NovgorodNational Research University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; cLaboratory of Experimental Pathology, Department of

Editor-in-Chief

Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Universit Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; dCenter of Clinical Pathology and Regenerative

Dr. Valentin Fuster on

Therapy, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy; and the eLaboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Centre for Genome Biology, Depart-

JACC.org.

ment of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. *Dr. Franceschi and Dr. Garagnani contributed equally to this work. yDr. Salvioli and Dr. Giuliani are co-senior authors. This study was supported by a grant from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Agreement (075-15-2019-871) and by ALMA IDEA-2017 project from the University of Bologna to Dr. Giuliani. The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose. Manuscript received November 14, 2019; revised manuscript received December 13, 2019, accepted December 17, 2019.

ISSN 0735-1097/$36.00

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.032

Franceschi et al.

JACC VOL. 75, NO. 8, 2020 MARCH 3, 2020:96879

However,

HIGHLIGHTS

The effect of nuclear DNA variants (single or combinations) on longevity is context dependent. The genetics of longevity is informative to identify GxE interactions that protect against ARDs.

have

mixed

extreme limits of human life thanks to their capability to successfully adapt to a variety of stressors and to remodel better and more harmoniously (1). The prevalence of centenarians in a population can be assumed as an ecological indicator of optimization of the anthropological environment (2). The peculiar characteristics of centenarians are reported in Table 1. As a whole, centenarians maximized the product of their personal gene environment (GxE) equation, which is dynamic and dependent on a variety of historical and ecological factors (such as individual and population genetics, demography, sex, family and and

geographic environment, cultural and anthropological environment, social networks, and socioeconomic status) that we term ecological space, according to the evolutionary and anthropological concept of niche construction (3). This concept may help in understanding why only a few longevity variants and genes shared among different populations have been identied in GWAS, as recently reviewed consequence

of

this

concept

is

that

longevity variants are strongly context dependent. The following evidence supports this idea. First, it is known that longevity runs within families, as demonstrated by many studies, including those conducted on Sardinian people (3). Assortative mating (based on behavioral and cultural traits), favoring an excess of homozygosity, may play a role in the genetics of longevity in some populations (6) but not in others (such as in Utah and among the Dutch), as suggested by spouse data (7,8). On the whole, these data support the importance of context.

example, the European project GEHA (Genetics of Healthy Ageing) considered 2,118 nonagenarian sibling pairs enrolled at 15

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ARD = age-related disease CVD = cardiovascular disease DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid GxE = gene 3 environment

centers from 11 European countries. The re-

GWAS = genome-wide

sults highlighted the importance of APOE and

association studies

TOMM40, as well as the possibility to identify

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The Contextualized Genetics of Human Longevity - PDF Free ...

San Diego, California-based Human Longevity Inc. (HLI) was founded in 2013 with the audacious mission of radically extending the human lifespan through better understanding of peoples genetic makeup.

Back then the promise created by lower cost genetic sequencing seemed ripe for HLI co-founder and genetic sequencing pioneer Craig Venter to take to market. Venter is a legend in the field of genetics known for his efforts at Celera Genomics on one of the first attempts to successfully map the human genome.

Investors like Celgene, Illumina and GE Ventures agreed, pouring hundreds of millions into the company, including a funding round in 2017 that valued HLI at more than $1.6 billion.

Since that peak, however, the companys value has declined 80 percent to $310 million, according to a recent story in The Wall Street Journal.

Citing documents acquired by Lagniappe Labs and a letter to shareholders from HLI,the newspaper reported that the company is attempting to raise $25 million from existing investors at the new valuation.

The terms of the current funding roundinclude priority payments to those investors in the case of a liquidation event and an anti-dilution provision called full-ratchet that allows investors to keep their ownership stakes constant by adjusting their own share prices if HLI decides to raise capital again at a lower price.

The Journal reports that the companys employee count has dropped from 300 workers in 2016 to 150 today. Over the past few years, HLI has also had a virtual revolving door among its C-suite ranks.

Company co-founder Venter stepped down as CEO in 2017 and was replaced by Cynthia Collins, a former executive at GE Healthcare.

Collins herself left the company in less than a year later,along with a handful of other high level executives, and Venter again took the role of CEO.

Venter stepped down from the company for the second time in May and was subsequently sued by HLI for allegedly stealing trade secrets and trying to poach employees. Earlier this year, Saturnino Fanlo, Human Longevitys chief financial officer and chief operations officer alsodeparted.

Currently, Human Longevity is being led by its chief of radiogenomics and interim CEO David Karow which telegraphs the companys new focus on its Health Nucleus business line, which sells a package consisting of full DNA sequencing alongside a battery of tests including a whole body MRI, heart rhythm monitoring andneurocognitive testing.

The diagnostic focuses on early detection and prevention of disease like cancer and cardiac disease,as well as metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. While HLI has said the test has found early-stage issues in seemingly healthy patients,critics have often cited the lack of peer-reviewed validation for the companys claims.

Health Nucleus, which is not covered by insurance, ranges in price from $4,950 to $25,000 for the most robust diagnostic. It is currently only offered at HLIs San Diego headquarters, but the company said it plans to expand availability to other locations around the country.

Picture: Creative-Touch,Getty Images

Read more:
Former unicorn genetics startup Human Longevity loses its ...

From humans to black-tailed prairie dogs, female mammals often outlive males but for birds, the reverse is true.

Now researchers say they have cracked the mystery, revealing that having two copies of the same sex chromosome is associated with having a longer lifespan, suggesting the second copy offers a protective effect.

These findings are a crucial step in uncovering the underlying mechanisms affecting longevity, which could point to pathways for extending life, the authors write. We can only hope that more answers are found in our lifetime.

The idea that a second copy of the same sex chromosome is protective has been around for a while, supported by the observation that in mammals where females have two of the same sex chromosomes males tend to have shorter lifespans. In birds, males live longer on average and have two Z chromosomes, while females have one Z and one W chromosome.

Scientists say they have found the trend is widespread. Writing in the journal Biology Letters, the team report that they gathered data on sex chromosomes and lifespan across 229 animal species, from insects to fish and mammals. Hermaphroditic species and those whose sex is influenced by environmental conditions such as green turtles were not included.

The results reveal that individuals with two of the same sex chromosomes live 17.6% longer, on average, than those with either two different sex chromosomes or just one sex chromosome.

The team say the findings back a theory known as the unguarded X hypothesis. In human cells, sex chromosome combinations are generally either XY (male) or XX (female). In females only one X chromosome is activated at random in each cell.

As a result, a harmful mutation in one of the females X chromosomes will not affect all cells, and hence its impact can be masked. By contrast, as males only have one X chromosome, any harmful mutations it contains are far more likely to be exposed.

The team found that in species where males have two of the same sex chromosomes, these males live on average 7.1% longer than females. However, in species where the sex chromosome pattern is the other way around, such as humans, females live 20.9% longer on average than males.

The researchers say the extent of the longevity gap may reflect other factors at play, including that males tend to take more risks when it comes to securing a sexual partner, including fighting. These pressures to travel far to find a mate, establish a territory and compete with other members of your sex are not seen often in females, said Zoe Xirocostas, a co-author of the research from the University of New South Wales.

But there are also other possibilities as to why the longevity gaps differ in size, including that oestrogen appears to protect the ends of chromosomes from being damaged a process linked to ageing.

Our study suggests that the unguarded X is an underlying genetic factor that can influence lifespan, but many external factors can influence longevity in different ways such as predation, risky behaviours, establishing territories and access to quality nutrition, said Xirocostas.

Prof Steven Austad, an expert on ageing at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, who was not involved in the study, said the theory that having two of the same sex chromosomes is beneficial for longevity was appealing.

I would think that it plays some role in understanding sex differences in longevity but it certainly isnt the only factor, he said, noting that both risk-taking behaviour and parental roles also appeared to be important. For instance, owl monkey males live longer than females and the males play a big role in infant care in that species, he said, noting such males have two different sex chromosomes.

Austad said the upshot was that longevity is not only about sex chromosomes. There is a general trend, but with numerous exceptions, he said.

Excerpt from:
Mystery of lifespan gap between sexes may be solved, say researchers - The Guardian

Life expectancy in England surged in 2019 for both men and women, in a surprise rebound after years of stagnation, according to official government figures. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) said life expectancy for women at birth increased to 83.6 years in 2019, up four months compared with 2018. For men the increase was three months, taking their life expectancy to 79.9 years.

The rises represent the biggest jump since the start of the decade. Longevity improvements in England first faltered in 2011 and had plateaued since 2013, with critics blaming austerity and NHS cuts. Among women, life expectancy fell in both 2012 and 2015.

Increases in life expectancy in 2019 were across the board at all age levels. The ONS said a woman who has reached 65 years old can now expect to live another 21.5 years, up three months on the figure it reported in 2018. Men at age 65 will live on average another 19.1 years, up from 18.8 years in 2018.

Changes to longevity have huge implications for pensions. The slowing in life expectancy had prompted some calls for a review of the increase in the state pension age.

Former pension minister Steve Webb, now a consultant with actuaries LCP, cautioned against reading too much into any one set of figures, saying that a cold winter, a warm summer or viruses can have a big impact on the data. The ONS said the figures for 2019 were provisional.

An improvement in life expectancy data is very good news, though we should be wary of reading too much into a single years figures, Webb said.

It is also true that these averages conceal a great deal of variation between different parts of the country and different groups. Assuming these new figures represent a return to the upward trend of life expectancy, this should put an end to insurance companies being able to bank profits where their assumptions about improving life expectancy has not been met.

From the point of view of the individual saver, these figures are reminder that the average man or woman at 65 can expect to have to manage their pension pot for a good two decades. For all the talk of working til we drop, in reality retirements for many people are going to be longer than in the past and we need to think hard about helping people make good choices with their money not just at retirement but all the way through retirement, said Webb.

The figures are also likely to prompt fresh debate about the impact of austerity. Last month a landmark review by Sir Michael Marmot found that life expectancy had stalled for the first time in more than 100 years and even reversed for the most deprived women in society. It found that not only were lifespans stalling, but people are living longer in poor health.

Pensions and investments adviser Tom Selby, of stockbroker AJ Bell, said: Politically speaking, some people might take these ONS figures as confirmation of the impact of austerity in that the halt in longevity increases coincided with cuts to services. But the figures are quite volatile and, while its positive news that longevity is increasing again, we cant be sure they are not going to plateau again.

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Life expectancy in England rebounds after years of stagnation - The Guardian

NIBONG TEBAL: A village here has earned the moniker: Penangs Longevity Village.

At Jawi New Village, many senior citizens are past the age of 80, and are still going strong.

Among the top scorers is 102-year-old Tan Geek Kim, a great-great-great-grandmother of five generations who still moves about actively.

Her MyKad states that she was born on Feb 22,1918.

Doing house chores: Tan watering plants at her home.I left China after getting married and we settled down here.

I planted betel leaves and vegetables while my husband worked as a logger who harvested mangrove trees for charcoal factories.

For almost 80 years living here, Ive seen the population evolved and wooden houses became brick homes, said Tan, who was recently spotted by The Star taking a walk around the village.

Tan has lost count of her descendants.

I have 10 children and some of my grandchildren are grandparents now.

There should be at least 150 direct descendants in the family by now but Ive lost track, said Tan, who attributes her longevity to a healthy diet.

My regular meals are food which is neither too salty nor sweet.

I dont snack and breakfast is always oats and milk, she added.

Not far away is her neighbour, Lau Kuang Joo, 92, who is still farming and riding a bicycle around.

I have a small farm with a variety of vegetables beside my house to keep me occupied.

It provides me with activities to do in the evenings.

If I go out, such as to the hospital about 2.5km away to collect medication, Ill take the bicycle as it is faster than walking, said Lau, who was once a rubber tapper.

The growing number of seniors became noticeable to the villages Thean Hou temple secretary, Lim Hee Kian, because anyone above 80 gets a hamper every year.

In 2010, we decided to reward them with hampers and at that time, 48 of them registered.

This year, 101 villagers are coming to collect their hamper.

I know of a couple who live together. The husband is 90 and wife is 87.

The elderly prefer to stay in the peaceful village and spend their remaining days here while their children go out to work, he added.

Jawi New Village has 300 houses with about 2,000 residents.

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Longevity is normal in this village - The Star Online

KEY POINTS

Improving the quality of life has always been the subject of much interest. A lot of older adults find themselves at the mercy of various ailments because of poor lifestyle choices and unhealthy diets during their younger years. While this situation may seem hopeless for some, a new study has revealed that older adults can still improve their longevity. The key is the quantity of food being consumed.

Lesser Food Intake

According to this new study, consuming less food daily could hold the key to enjoying a longer life.Limiting your calorie intake could improve your immune system, and at the same time, it also reduces inflammation levels throughout your body. A reduction in your intake of calories could also delay the development of age-linked diseases, thus helping you live longer. decreasing calorie intake longer life Photo: silviarita - Pixabay

A Study on Food Consumption

Scientists from China and the United States underscored the benefits of consuming less food. According to them, they already know that limiting your calorie intake can increase your life span. Today, findings from their new study show that all the changes occurring at a single-cell level causes such to happen.

With their findings, it has given the scientists goals that they hope could eventually be acted on with drugs to treat aging.Aging is the biggest risk factor for many diseases that beset humans. These include dementia, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

According to scientists, calorie reduction has been proven to be one of the best interventions to combat age-related diseases. The findings of this new study were published in the scientific journal Cell. It revealed how lab mice that consumed 30% fewer calories had their health improve compared to mice feeding on normal diets.

The test animals diets were controlled when the mice were still 18 months old, and this went on until they are 27 months old. The animals age was equivalent to the human age of between 50 and 70 years old.Scientists then compared old and young rats on each diet and discovered much of the changes occurring in mice on normal diets did not happen to mice on restricted diets.

The researchers also found that even in their old age, most of the cells and tissues of mice on a reduced diet closely resembled those found on young mice. This study is the most detailed and comprehensive research to date of the cellular effects of calorie-restricted diet in laboratory mice.

Recommended Calorie Consumption

According to the National Health Service, an ideal regular intake of calories vary and would often depend on metabolism, age, and levels of physical activities.In general, however, the recommended daily intake is 2,500 calories for men and 2,000 for women.

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Life Longevity Is Affected By Quantity Of Food According To Recent Study - International Business Times

Frances Salter caught up with the Goo Goo Dolls ahead of their show at Londons Roundhouse to chat booze, sentiment, and rock n roll welfare.

What do I know? I write sappy love songs, for housewives.

Ive just asked Johnny Rzeznik for his secrets to lasting in the music business, which sappy love songs or no is something he knows a thing or two about. Since their mainstream breakthrough in the early nineties, Goo Goo Dolls record sales have exceeded 12 million albums worldwide, not to mention the four Grammy nominations. Theyre now touring 2019sMiracle Pill,wrapping up the UK leg at Roundhouse a couple of hours after we speak.

When pressed, hes got some quite specific advice. Dont sell your publishing. Do all the drugs and drink as much as you want until youre about twenty-six, and then knock it off. The myth is that booze and drugs make you more creative, but no: they lessen your inhibitions. After a while, instead of being an asset to your work, they become a liability.

Miracle Pillis the latest step on a remarkable journey together for John and Robby, from their early punk-rock days in Buffalo, New York, through to commercial success that has seen their music covered by the likes of Taylor Swift. Nonetheless, theyre keen to emphasise that it was far from an overnight success.

Everyone starts by mimicking other peoples voices, says Johnny. But the trick is to keep after it until one day your own unique voice comes out. Unfortunately, a lot of people just arent given the opportunity to become fully-formed artists anymore. Everything is disposable now, and very few artists are doing anything that will sound good in twenty years. When we were coming up, our record label let us ride along for three albums.

Or, as Robby puts it, We were on rock n roll welfare.

I feel sorry for the new kids coming up because they dont have that trajectory. Now you have to be ten different things: a DJ, a producer, a philanthropist, a marketing expert. No, no. Your job is to sit and perfect your craft. If Stairway to Heaven came out today, it would probably be overlooked unless someone caught Robert Plant on a viral video, or if there was a famous rapper in the middle of it. Its about the things surrounding the art you create, not the thing itself. But maybe Im just saying that because Im old.

So, after so much time in the public eye, what do people not know about Goo Goo Dolls? People have all kinds of assumptions of people that they see on stage. That theyre happy, that theyre rich, that their lives are better than other peoples. Its not true.

The new record, from which theyll play a half-dozen songs that night alongside older material, is a reflection of the Dolls talent for as Johnny terms it brutal sentiment. The titular Miracle Pill, the band have said, is a metaphor for the speedy gratification of the Instagram age, in which we can demand instant elation from chemicals and instant approval from the internet.

By contrast, it may take more than twenty years to build a body of work you can stand behind, but as the Roundhouse crowd will attest, its worth it.

Related

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Miracle Pill: Goo Goo Dolls on Longevity in the Music Business (The VH Interview) - VultureHound Magazine

Longevity and Anti-senescence Therapy

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Latest newfangled report of Longevity and Anti-senescence Therapy Market with outstanding growth by 2025 - News Times

Transaction to Create a Nasdaq-listed Longevity Care Company

AUSTIN, Texas, March 03, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Superconductor Technologies Inc. (STI) (SCON), a leader in superconducting innovation, reported it entered into a definitive merger agreement with Allied Integral United, Inc. (Clearday), a privately-held company dedicated to delivering next generation longevity care and wellness services, whereby a wholly-owned subsidiary of STI will merge with and into Clearday in a stock-for-stock transaction with Clearday.

Upon completion of the merger, STI will change its name to Clearday, Inc. The merged company will focus on the development of Cleardays non-residential daily care service model as well as the continued operation of Cleardays existing Memory Care America residential memory care facilities. As part of plans to develop and expand its assortment of innovative, non-residential daily care services, Clearday intends to leverage STIs existing Cryogenic Cooler as an enabling technology for one of its service offerings in the home healthcare market. No financing is required under the Merger Agreement.

Clearday is dedicated to delivering the next generation of longevity care and wellness services for patients with dementia or other cognitive or physical challenges, stated James Walesa, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Allied Integral United, Inc. known as Clearday. We have built a network of highly-rated residential memory care facilities in four U.S. states. Now we are developing a disruptive new non-residential daily care service model intended to deliver 75% of the care available in residential environments at 25% of the price. To cost-effectively expand our home healthcare initiatives, we need technology to play a key role. STIs Cryogenic Cooler has over six million hours in operation demonstrating superior reliability and efficiency that we believe will be useful in our growth plan.

Following an assessment of strategic alternatives, our Board of Directors has concluded that a merger with Clearday offers an excellent opportunity to create meaningful value for our stockholders, said Jeff Quiram, STIs President and Chief Executive Officer. As we wind down our Conductus superconducting wire platform, we believe the Clearday transaction has the potential to monetize our cryogenic cooler technology, which was developed as an important part of our overall technology solution.

About the Proposed Merger TransactionOn a pro forma basis and based on the number of shares of STI common stock to be issued in the merger, the pre-merger STI stockholders will own approximately 3.7% of the post-merger combined company and the pre-merger Clearday stockholders will own approximately 96.3% of the post-merger combined company, each on a fully-diluted basis, subject to adjustment as provided in the Merger Agreement which could increase (but not decrease) the percentage owned by STI stockholders. The transaction has been approved by the board of directors of both companies. The merger is expected to close in the second quarter of 2020, subject to the approval of the stockholders of each company, as well as other closing conditions, including, the Joint Proxy and Registration Statement for solicitation of the stockholder approval and issuance of the shares in the merger being declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Nasdaqs approval of continued listing of STI common stock under Nasdaq rules, and STI adjusted net working capital being no less than negative $250,000 as of immediately prior to the merger. The Merger Agreement may be terminated by the parties under certain circumstances including, among others, a termination right by STI if certain financial statement deliveries are not timely made by Clearday.

A.G.P./Alliance Global Partners is acting as exclusive financial advisor to Clearday on the proposed transaction.

Management and OrganizationFollowing the merger, James Walesa, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Allied Integral United, Inc. known as Clearday will be appointed to serve as the post-merger combined companys chairman, president and chief executive officer. The board of directors for the post-merger combined company will be comprised of five directors, with Clearday nominating four of the five directors, three of who will be independent. Cleardays executive and management team to be appointed as the executive and management team of the combined company. Members of the STI executive team are expected to support the Clearday transition. Jeff Quiram, STIs Chief Executive Officer, is expected to be a director on the board, but is not entering any employment or consulting agreements.

Story continues

About Clearday, Inc.Clearday is an innovative longevity care and wellness company, with a modern, hopeful vision for making high quality care options more accessible, affordable, and empowering for older Americans and those who love them. Through its subsidiary Memory Care America (MCA), it operates a network of highly rated residential memory care communities in four U.S. states. With its Clearday Clubs concept, Clearday will bring the same standard of excellence found in its MCA residential facilities to a daytime-only community model that is dramatically less expensive than residential care options. Clearday Clubs are expected to open in the second quarter of 2020. Learn more about Clearday and Clearday Clubs atmyclearday.com

About Superconductor Technologies Inc. (STI)Superconductor Technologies Inc. is a global leader in superconducting innovation. Since 1987, STI has led innovation in HTS materials, developing more than 100 patents as well as proprietary trade secrets and manufacturing expertise. For more than 20 years STI utilized its unique HTS manufacturing process for solutions to maximize capacity utilization and coverage for Tier 1 telecommunications operators. Headquartered in Austin, TX, Superconductor Technologies Inc.'s common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol SCON. For more information about STI, please visit http://www.suptech.com.

Important Additional Information Will be Filed with the SECIn connection with the proposed transaction between STI and Clearday, the parties intend to file relevant materials with the SEC, including a STI registration statement on Form S-4 that will contain a combined proxy statement/prospectus/information statement. INVESTORS AND STOCKHOLDERS OF STI AND CLEARDAY ARE URGED TO READ THESE MATERIALS CAREFULLY AND IN THEIR ENTIRETY WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE BECAUSE THEY WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT CLEARDAY, THE PROPOSED MERGER AND RELATED MATTERS. Investors and shareholders will be able to obtain free copies of the proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and other documents filed by STI with the SEC (when they become available) through the website maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, investors and shareholders will be able to obtain free copies of the proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and other documents filed by STI with the SEC by written request to: Superconductor Technologies Inc. 9101 Wall Street, Suite 1300, Austin, TX 78754, Attention: Corporate Secretary. Investors and stockholders are urged to read the proxy statement/prospectus/information statement and the other relevant materials when they become available before making any voting or investment decision with respect to the proposed transaction. The information in the websites of STI and Clearday is not incorporated into this press release and will not be incorporated into such SEC filed documents.

No Offer or SolicitationThis communication shall not constitute an offer to sell, the solicitation of an offer to sell or an offer to buy or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities, nor shall there be any sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. No offer of securities shall be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Participants in the SolicitationSTI and its directors and executive officers, and Clearday, and its directors and executive officers, may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies from the stockholders of STI in connection with the proposed merger. Information regarding the special interests of these directors and executive officers in the proposed merger will be included in the proxy statement/prospectus/information statement referred to above. Additional information about STIs directors and executive officers is included in STIs definitive proxy statement, filed with the SEC on April 26, 2019. These documents are available free of charge at the SEC website (www.sec.gov) and from the Corporate Secretary of STI at the address above.

Forward-Looking StatementsAny statements in this press release that are not statements of historical fact constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the proposed merger and other contemplated transactions (including statements relating to satisfaction of the conditions to and consummation of the proposed merger, the expected ownership of the combined company and opportunities relating to or resulting from the merger), and statements regarding the nature, potential approval and commercial success of Clearday and its product line, the effects of having shares of capital stock traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market, Cleardays and the post-merger combined companys financial resources and cash expenditures. Forward-looking statements are usually identified by the use of words such as believes, anticipates, expects, intends, plans, ideal, may, potential, will, could and similar expressions. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors and risks. These factors, risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: risks relating to the completion of the merger, including the need for stockholder approval and the satisfaction of closing conditions; risks related to STIs ability to correctly estimate and manage its operating expenses and its expenses associated with the proposed merger pending closing; the cash balances of the combined company following the closing of the merger; the ability of STI to remain listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market; the risk that as a result of adjustments to the exchange ratio, STI shareholders or Clearday stockholders could own more or less of the combined company than is currently anticipated; potential adverse reactions or changes to business relationships resulting from the announcement or completion of the proposed merger; the success and timing of regulatory submissions; regulatory requirements or developments; changes in capital resource requirements; and other factors discussed in the Risk Factors section of STIs most recent annual report, subsequent quarterly reports and in other filings STI makes with the SEC from time to time. Risks and uncertainties related to Clearday that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statement include, but are not limited to: Cleardays plans to develop and commercialize its future daily care centers and other non-residential daily care services; Cleardays commercialization, marketing and implementation capabilities and strategy; developments and projections relating to Cleardays competitors and its industry; the impact of government laws and regulations; and Cleardays estimates regarding future revenue, expenses and capital requirements. In addition, the forward-looking statements included in this press release represent STI and Cleardays views as of the date hereof. STI and Clearday anticipate that subsequent events and developments will cause their respective views to change. However, while STI and Clearday may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, STI and Clearday specifically disclaim any obligation to do so. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing STIs or Cleardays views as of any date subsequent to the date hereof.

Investor Relations ContactMoriah Shilton or Kirsten Chapman, LHA Investor Relations, +1-415-433-3777 invest@suptech.com

Read more from the original source:
Superconductor Technologies and Allied Integral United, Inc. (Clearday) Announce Merger Agreement - Yahoo Finance

SHUFFLING through Central Station yesterday morning, with all the bounding, thrusting dynamism of the Polynesian hermit crab embarking on the molting process, I made a promise to myself to dispense with the meandering, long-winded introductions to these Tuesday twitterings and get straight to the point.

Lets face it, the weekly wafflings tend to go on longer than the announcement for the Glasgow to Penzance cross country train; you know that one that calls at Motherwell, Haymarket, Edinburgh, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Morpeth, Newcastle, Durham, Darlington, York, Leeds, Wakefield Westgate, Sheffield, Chesterfield, Derby, Tamworth, Birmingham New Street, Cheltenham Spa, Bristol Parkway, Bristol Temple Meads, Taunton, Tiverton, Exeter St Davids, Newton Abbot, Totnes, Plymouth, Liskeard, Bodmin Parkway, Par, St Austell, Truro, Redruth, Camborne, St Erth and Penzance.

What was I saying about meandering introductions again? Oh sod it

YOUNG GUNS SHINE BUT LANGER GOES ON AND ON

You cant hang about in this game. A quick perusal of recent winners on the various golfing tours can make you feel older than Methuselahs nibbie. A couple of 21-year-olds, Sami Valimaki and Im Sungjae, won the Oman Open and Honda Classic respectively while 18-year-old Julia Engstrom captured the New South Wales Open on the Ladies European Tour. The previous week, the Ladies Australian Classic was won by the 19-year-old amateur, Stephanie Kyriacou.

Its the kind of youth movement that should come with its own rallying cry from Greta Thunberg. You often hear folk spouting the observation, ah, its a young persons game nowadays but then Young Tom Morris won four Opens by the age of 21 and the last of those came in 1872.

Bernhard Langer, meanwhile, was 17 when he won the German National Open back in the 1970s. Here in 2020, the indefatigable auld yin is savouring his 41st win in the over-50s ranks at the age of 62. Its a remarkable plunder and one that is just four shy of the Champions Tour record held by Hale Irwin.

Langers competitive longevity once again underlines the fact that the passing years are no barrier to success. In an age, however, when bodies are often pushed to the physical boundaries amid increased athleticism and the quest for more power, how many of the current young uns will still be marching on at Langers vintage? Only time will tell.

RUGBY TV DEAL STIRS OLD GOLF DEBATE

The R&As annual media round table is an Arthurian-style assembly of the great and the good from the golf writing fraternity during which all pretence of knight-like chivalry goes flying out the window when the complimentary finger buffet gets served up. As always, the gathering was an open forum in which all manner of topics were discussed even if Martin Slumbers, the R&As chief executive, answered some of them with the kind of straight bat youd get in an early innings at Taunton.

The old chestnut about The Open being behind a pay-wall on Sky television cropped up and, just a few days later, news emerged that the Six Nations rugby could be disappearing from terrestrial platforms. Like the outcry that greeted golfs departure to Sky in 2016, similar concerns about the effects on inspiration and participation, among other issues, have already been raised in worried rugby circles.

At the 2017 Open, Slumbers stated that, I dont buy the argument around participation and reach, when asked about the impact in the UK of golf going to Sky before adding that, it is clearly good to have more reach, but The Open is a global product, its not just a UK product. We touched 600 million households last year around the world.

It was something of a contradiction because reach is either important or its not. Last week, meanwhile, Slumbers urged troubled golf clubs to, well, reach out to new markets. As we all know thats easier said than done and, in many ways, golfs chronic lack of exposure does not help that cause.

There are a variety of sports that get visibility and presence on terrestrial television that triggers a clear benefit in terms of public consciousness. Golf, sadly, muddles on in the margins. When it comes to The Open on the tele, many on these shores have a dewy-eyed yearning for that long, uninterrupted, come-all-ye coverage of yore. Watching through rose-tinted spectacles? Well, its better than not watching at all.

AZINGER STIRS POT WITH RABBLE ROUSING

Paul Azingers cheap, insular belittling of the achievements of Tommy Fleetwood and Lee Westwood during his Honda Classic punditry has gone down like an entire lead balloon rally on this side of the pond. In a Ryder Cup year, the phoney war has started it seems.

Azingers comments lacked class. But then, what was it Seve once said? The American team is made up of 11 gentlemen and Paul Azinger.

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Langer's longevity, The Open on TV and Azinger's crass comments - HeraldScotland

An interesting and well-done study from a cohort of ageing men in the Netherlands that evaluated how alcohol consumption data collected at 68-to-70 years oldrelated to the risk that the individual would survive to age 90. The authors concluded: "The highest probability of reaching 90 was found in those consuming 5-to-<15 grams per day alcohol, with RR=1.36 (95% CI, 1.201.55) when compared with abstainers."

The latest critique from the ISFAR looks at research into alcohol consumption and its relationship with reaching 90

The authors also noted that "wine intake was positively associated with longevity (notably in women), whereas liquor was positively associated with longevity in men and inversely in women".They also noted there was a tendency for a lower chance of living to age 90 for subjects reporting binge drinking.

ISFAR members were unanimous in considering this to be an excellent study. The findings addinformation on alcohol consumption collected in the elderly (aged 68-to-70 in this study) and subsequent longevity of life. They also tendto counter fears expressed by some that the very elderly must be 'protected' from alcohol, as it suggests there are still health benefits from moderate drinking at all ages. Further, a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with alcohol is especially important in the elderly, as such diseases occur primarily among such subjects and are the leading causes of death.

This ISFAR critique provides references to a multitude of research reports that strengthen the conclusions of the authors that, even among very elderly subjects, moderate drinking is associated with a greater longevity of life.

To read the full critique, click here.

These critiques are published with the permission of The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol Research.

Click here for all of the critiques from the International Scientific Forum on Alcohol Research

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Will your alcohol consumption help or hinder you from reaching 90? - International Scientific Forum on Alcohol Research Critique 237 - just-drinks.com

In a world that seems to be obsessed with size, theres a strong emphasis on having certain body parts be as big as possible, from breast implants to butt injections. That said, the need for a bigger size has resulted in the huge growth of the penis enlargement industry.

The average penis size is 5.2 inches (13.2cm) long and 4.6 inches (11.6cm) round. Now, while the debate on whether size matters rages on, it appears that some men have already made up their minds. Believing that it does indeed matter, these men, who feel under-endowed, have taken matters into their own hands by looking at pills, creams, and even vacuum pumps. However, it doesnt end there. Enter, penis fillers.

Yes, penis fillers. A non-surgical procedure, that can cost around $5000, whereby a liquid usually hyaluronic acid is injected into the soft tissue under the skin of the penis shaft. The purpose of the procedure is meant to increase a mans flaccid girth, usually by one or two centimeters in circumference and the effects are intended to last for around 18 months.

Additionally, some clinics use fat injections to increase girth. The fat is harvested from another part of the patients body, usually the lower abdomen. Unlike hyaluronic acid, fat injections are permanent.

Mr. Asif Muneer, from the British Association of Urological Surgeons, revealed to the BBC that he would discourage his patients from partaking in any form of penis enlargement surgeries,

All these augmentation procedures are mainly to increase your flaccid girth, and it will have no benefit on your erect length so functionally its not going to improve matters he explains, If anything, it might lead to complications that will impair their sexual function later on.

Additional side effects may also include painful bruising, swelling, infections, unevenness scarring. There may even be a heightened risk of erectile dysfunction due to blood vessel blockage. Whats more, there is also the risk of the filler ending up in the foreskin. This would then mean that the patient would require circumcision.

So, what exactly would possess a man to have hyaluronic acid or fat harvested from his body injected into his penis shaft?

When it comes to the impact that social media has on body image, a lot of the attention is focused on the womans perspective. However, the rise of social media and the influencers culture can also affect how men view themselves.

For instance, research published in the journal New Media and Society found that men who reported looking at male fitness posts on social media revealed that they regularly compared their appearance to others more often, and there was also an increased desire to have muscles.

It may not be premature to admit that the rise of penis enhancements goes beyond sexual satisfaction. With the constant innuendos about large sizes being more desirable, as well as men equating a large size to masculinity and sexual competence, some men may begin to have low self-esteem if they feel that their sizes arent up to standard. In fact, a study published in the journal Psychology of Men & Masculinity found that even men with average-size penises wish they were bigger.

Additionally, a recent study published in the Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy that asked for the male participants to self-report their penis length found that many of the men embellished their responses. In fact, only 26.9% of the sexually experienced men self-reported penis lengths of less than 6 inches. On the other hand, 30.8% self-reported lengths of 7 inches or more. Whats more, the study also suggested that men with a high level of social desirability were more likely than others to self-report having a large penis.

So with all of that said, theres only one question left to ask;

Kindness.

According to a study from Clue, that surveyed at 64 000 women, kindness is the most important thing women look for in a partner not the size of a shaft. Speaking of which, the survey also revealed that the majority of straight women would prefer a male partner to have an average-sized penis, rather than a massive penis. Thats right women care less about penis size than men.

In fact, women are more worried about it being too big as opposed to too small. This is because a bigger than average penis may cause some pain and discomfort during sexual intercourse. This then reduces the chances of more sex in the future. Whats more, there is also the consensus that men with big penises will solely rely on their size. As such, they will not be as engaging or conscious of their partners needs. This, of course, can result in a woman being very dissatisfied with her sex life.

To men, a big penis may sound like a lovely idea in theory, but theres really nothing to it. Rather, put your physical and mental health before anything else. After all, its not the size of the boat that matters, but rather the motion of the ocean.

Fatt, S. J., Fardouly, J., & Rapee, R. M. (2019). #malefitspo: Links between viewing fitspiration posts, muscular-ideal internalisation, appearance comparisons, body satisfaction, and exercise motivation in men. New Media & Society, 21(6), 13111325. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818821064

King, B., Duncan, L., Clinkenbeard, K., Rutland, M., et al.(2019)Social Desirability and Young Mens Self-Reports of Penis Size,Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy,45:5,452-455,DOI:10.1080/0092623X.2018.1533905

Johnston,L.,McLellan,T., &McKinlay,A. (2014).(Perceived) size really does matter: Male dissatisfaction with penis size. Psychology of Men & Masculinity,15(2),225228. doi:10.1037/a0033264

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Penis Fillers: The Hard Truth About If Size Really Matters - Longevity LIVE

SEATTLE Samira Ummat, MD of Longevity Medical Clinic says there is evidence that androgens (or hormones) like testosterone are breast protective in women.

"Unfortunately, all women after mid-thirties, become deficient in many important hormones. In recent studies, its true, there is an 86% reduction in breast cancer cases when high-risk women were on androgen therapy. "

How does a woman know if she is at high risk for Breast Cancer?

According to Dr. Ummat, women who are at high risk for Breast Cancer often have above-average menopausal symptoms with lots of side effects. Some women breeze through menopause and other women get hammered with mood swings, hot flashes, low libido, and bone loss. The more problems you have, the higher the risk, and the more problems you can get. Plus, some women have genetic predisposition, make poor lifestyle choices, like smoking, living a sedentary lifestyle, lack of exercise, becoming obese, too much alcohol, poor diet, too much radiation, late menopause, and delayed childbearing. The danger of being overweight is the fat tissue, like visceral fat, is a hormone factory, but it can create too much of the wrong hormones.

To know risk and whether you are getting the right treatments Longevity Medical Clinic, starts with measuring first, if you dont measure, you dont know.''

SPECIAL OFFER: Schedule a free Health Analysis at Longevity Medical Clinic to take a valuable step in understanding how you are aging. During your appointment we will: Take the time to listen to you and your body; Discuss your primary health concerns; Determine your health risks through two free tests; Review your initial health screenings, offering options for a healthier future.

Call Longevity Medical Clinic if you have any questions: 1-866-86YOUNG (866-869-6864)

Longevity Medical Clinic's Health offers a Free Health Analysis: longevitymedicalclinic.com

Longevity Medical Clinic

Sponsored by Longevity Medical Clinic.Segment Producer Suzie Wiley. Watch New Day Northwest 11 AM weekdays on KING 5and streaming live on KING5.com.

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Androgen therapy looks promising for high-risk breast cancer patients - KING5.com

Researchers at the University of Arizona are developing wearable technology to analyze sweat, which may remove the need to draw blood to learn about the bodys functions in multiple situations.

The project is funded by an 18-month, $519,000 grant from the SEMI Nano-Bio Materials Consortium. The project falls at the crossroads of multiple academic fields, including engineering, chemistry and medicine, and has two main goals: develop a patch to reliably collect the sweat, and develop a biochemistry sensor to analyze the sweat.

When physicians take blood samples, the blood is tested for "biomarkers" which are indicators of medical phenomena like disease or infection. Sweat contains its own index of biomarkers, and collecting it presents a unique series of challenges and advantages.

No matter what molecule you measure in sweat, you need to determine how it relates to the physiological status of the individual, says co-investigator Esther Sternberg, who serves as research director for the Andrew Weil Center for Integrative Medicine and UA professor of medicine. In order to measure the status of the immune system without stressing an individual, one needed to get at immune molecules in a different way than drawing blood, because if you draw blood you need to stick a needle in a person, and thats a stressor If youre trying to understand how the stress response affects the immune response, you need to have a noninvasive, unobtrusive way of measuring the status of the immune response.

Sternberg began working with biomarkers in sweat 20 years ago while working at National Institutes of Health. She says one of the reasons she was drawn to the UA was because of interdisciplinary research projects such as this.

Part of understanding biomarkers in sweat involves using a sweat correlation lab where subjects use exercise bikes to have their sweat collected in a controlled environment.

Were able to relate the levels of the different biomarkers to the exact amount of stress that their bodies are experiencing because we correlate them with heart rate, heart rate variability, breathing and other well-standardized methods to accurately measure the activity of the brain and bodys stress response, Sternberg says. Just measuring the molecules is just the tip of the iceberg, you need to correlate them with all these different measures of the status of the physiological stress response in order to understand what they mean and have actionable results.

One of the first hurdles is how to accurately and quickly collect the sweat. According to project principal investigator Erin Ratcliff, a materials science and engineering professor and head of the UA Laboratory for Interface Science of Printable Electronic Materials, the obvious idea to collect sweat would be to make a patch to gather information from multiple pores at once. However, this means waiting for the space between the patch and skin to fill up with sweat, and during that time, the molecules and biomarkers can chemically change, altering important information.

Ratcliff became involved in this project five years ago, and her role is to convert the biomarkers into an electronic signal that devices use. Current wearable technologies, such as a FitBit, measure bodily data like EKG and heart rate, but dont measure the molecules behind the stress responses, such as cortisol or neuropeptide Y.

Part of the project uses a virtual sweat sensing lab which is a computer simulation that allows researchers to input information about biomarkers, printable materials and device architectures to determine what the output of a sensor would be before they ever make it.

The prototypes that will come out of this 18-month project will be laboratory level with the idea that the components will lead to a product stream for a particular company, but were not going to make thousands of them, Ratcliff says.

While Sternberg says measuring sweat has a tremendous and very wide applicability to many different diseases, it will not completely remove the need to draw blood.

Youre getting information from two different compartments of the body; the blood tells you whats going on in the blood and circulatory system, and sweat tells you whats going on in the tissues and peripheral nervous system I believe this will enhance information and give you information that is not present when you only measure molecules in blood, Sternberg says. Ultimately there may be circumstances in which collecting sweat and collecting molecules from sweat will replace the need to measure the molecules in blood, and in other cases to get a full picture of whats happening in the body, you may need to measure sweat, blood, saliva, urine and on and on.

The U.S. Department of Defense measures "technology readiness" throughout nine levels. According to Ratcliff, the team is aiming for the technology to be at level four at the end of this project. Technology Readiness Level Four means that "basic technological components are integrated to establish that they will work together.

This speaks to the importance of academe and industry working together in an unbiased way, together with federal agencies, to solve complex problems which cant be solved only on the academic side or only on the industry side, Sternberg says. This is an interdisciplinary, multi-college collaboration with an engineer of materials science in Erin Ratcliff, a chemist Ray Runyon, and myself a physician When youre talking about cutting-edge, frontier science, that is the way science has to be done.

Go here to read the rest:
UA developing wearable technology to measure sweat 'biomarkers' - Tucson Local Media

The global Nanomedicine market report by HNY Research offers users a detailed overview of the market and all the main factors affecting the market. The study on global Nanomedicine market, offers profound understandings about the Nanomedicine market covering all the essential aspects like revenue growth, supply chain, sales, key players and regions. There is a target set in market that every marketing strategy has to reach. This report on Nanomedicine focusses on different categories that define this market with a systematic approach that addresses the consumer base, researchers and market experts like the stakeholders. It also gives a clear perspective towards the competition and demand and supply chain.

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2020-2025 Global and Regional Nanomedicine Industry Production, Sales and Consumption Status and Prospects Professional Market Research Report -...