StemCell Therapy

Global Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market research report gives a comprehensive outlook of the markets 2019-2025 and offers an in-depth summary of the current market status, historic, and expected way forward for the Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market. Additionally, to this, the report provides data on the restraints negatively impacting the markets growth. The report includes valuable information to assist new entrants, as well as established players, to understand the prevailing trends in the Market.

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Key Objectives of Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market Report: Study of the annual revenues and market developments of the major players that supply Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Analysis of the demand for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics by component Assessment of future trends and growth of architecture in the Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market Assessment of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market with respect to the type of application Study of the market trends in various regions and countries, by component, of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market Study of contracts and developments related to the Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market by key players across different regions Finalization of overall market sizes by triangulating the supply-side data, which includes product developments, supply chain, and annual revenues of companies supplying Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics across the globe

Major Players included in this report are as follows AbbVieBoehringer IngelheimNovartisRegeneron PharmaceuticalsPfizerBristol-Myers SquibbF. Hoffmann-La RocheUCB S.A.Johnson & Johnson ServicesAmgen

Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market can be segmented into Product Types as PharmaceuticalsBiopharmaceuticals

Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market can be segmented into Applications as PrescriptionOver-the-Counter (OTC)

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Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market: Regional analysis includes: Asia-Pacific (Vietnam, China, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Korea, Thailand, India, Indonesia, and Australia) Europe (Turkey, Germany, Russia UK, Italy, France, etc.) North America (United States, Mexico, and Canada.) South America (Brazil etc.) The Middle East and Africa (GCC Countries and Egypt.)

Target Audience: Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Equipment Manufacturers Traders, Importers, and Exporters Raw Material Suppliers and Distributors Research and Consulting Firms Government and Research Organizations Associations and Industry Bodies

Stakeholders, marketing executives and business owners planning to refer a market research report can use this study to design their offerings and understand how competitors attract their potential customers and manage their supply and distribution channels. When tracking the trends researchers have made a conscious effort to analyse and interpret the consumer behaviour. Besides, the research helps product owners to understand the changes in culture, target market as well as brands so they can draw the attention of the potential customers more effectively.

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Report structure: In the recently published report, DataIntelo.com has provided a unique insight into the Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Industry over the forecasted period. The report has covered the significant aspects which are contributing to the growth of the global Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market. The primary objective of this report is to highlight the various key market dynamics listed as drivers, trends, and restraints.

These market dynamics have the potential to impact the global Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market. This report has provided the detailed information to the audience about the way Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics industry has been heading since past few months and how it is going to take a shape in the years to come.

DataIntelo has offered a comprehensive analysis of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics industry. The report has provided crucial information about the elements that are impacting and driving the sales of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market. The section of competitive landscape keeps utmost importance in the reports published by DataIntelo. Competitive landscape section consists of key market players functioning in the worldwide industry of Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics.

The report has also analysed the changing trends in the industry. Several macroeconomic factors such as Gross domestic product (GDP) and the increasing inflation rate is expected to affect directly or indirectly in the development of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market.

Table of Contents 1 Industry Overview of Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics 2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis 3 Development and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics 4 Key Figures of Major Manufacturers 5 Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Regional Market Analysis 6 Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Segment Market Analysis (by Type) 7 Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Segment Market Analysis (by Application) 8 Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Major Manufacturers Analysis 9 Development Trend of Analysis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market 10 Marketing Channel 11 Market Dynamics 12 Conclusion 13 Appendix

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Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapeutics Market Worldwide Industry Share, Size, Gross Margin, Trend, Future Demand and Forecast till 2025 - Nyse Nasdaq Live

Last week I talked about babysitting with the 3-year-old triplets Isla, Luke and Quinn. This week I want to talk about my challenge and eventual triumph over the child-proof locks in their home. It was not without drama.

There were six different types of locks in the house, none of which are suited for a 66-year-old woman who has flunked every kind of spatial test she has ever taken. I havent had to take many, but I have not scored nearly as well as I do on any given vocabulary test.

Here is a picture of a perfectly square box. Is it right-side up or upside-down? Mensa asks.

Box, I can offer. You spell it box.

And I have arthritis in my hands and have pretty much lost the ability to squeeze.

Thank goodness there was an 8-year-old and a 10-year-old sister in the house to help me during my lock-out. During the school day, however, I was on my own.

It was a school day when I first encountered the locked silverware drawer. There wasnt even anything on the outside that I could see. I pulled it out as far as I could, which wasnt far, and tried to push what looked like a lock down on the inside, but it didnt budge.

Isla didnt see me for some reason, or she would have looked at me through narrowed eyes like she does when she thinks Im pretty clueless. I had to wait until 8-year-old Faith got home and said, Oh, those are magnetic. There are magnets on the refrigerator and microwave to use.

So you rub those along the outside until you hear a click and the drawer magically opens. Or in my case, I hear a click and it doesnt open, and I call for an older child. I found out where the plastic ware was so I could live without silverware during the day.

Then there are some long lock things that fit into a thing with teeth. I figured that out but then put it back backward and Faith had to give me a lesson on that.

Moving on. The lock on the sink totally flummoxed me. (See. I spelled that hard word correctly, even if I wondered if you can be partially flummoxed or if flummoxation is always total. And I know its written right-side up.)

I sent a picture to my daughter with five kids in hopes she could help, even though she gave up on child-proof locks with child No. 2, I believe.

Just squeeze the little square things together to open it and then click it shut, she said. See above note about not having much finger squeezability anymore.

I finally got it and reopened it and just put what I needed from there on the counter so I didnt have to repeat that until Faith got home.

Now, the lock on the trash is broken. That is the lock I kept forgetting to close on my last visit and Luke fussed with me and Isla locked it for me. I dont think she realized I was not the one needing to stay out of the trash.

Luke also fusses if the lock on the water and ice dispenser on the refrigerator isnt locked. Wherever they are in the house, they can hear I have not silently held the spot down for three seconds and locked it. I either get reminded by a 3-year-old, or a 3-year-old pushes it and dispenses water on the floor.

Those locks are all in the kitchen. There are also locks on all the doors I have trouble with. I also have forgotten a couple of times to close the bathroom door when coming out, and that has been disastrous. A while back they unrolled toilet paper into the toilet and then Luke got upset because wet toilet paper was sticking to his hands. Isla didnt care.

I left it open again this trip after their parents got home and basically the same thing happened. My son helped me clean it up.

Is there anything I need to know about? the mother called from the next room.

Nope, I said, sopping up the floor.

My son whispered, You might want to wash their hands. They have been playing in the toilet, you know.

I dont remember if when my children were growing up, it was a jungle with a bunch of out-of-control monkeys, but maybe it was.

Or maybe Im just old(er), slow(er) and arthritic.

Brady seems to have idyllic memories of his childhood with every child behaving, so Ill just go with that.

As long as the triplets dont lock me out of their hearts, Ill be just fine.

Elzey is a freelance writer for the Register & Bee. She can be reached at susanelzey@yahoo.com or (434) 791-7991.

See original here:
Capable of handling triplets, but not the locks - GoDanRiver.com

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Read more:
Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) Treatment Market to Perceive Incremental Opportunity by 2018-2028 - Redhill Local Councillors

Harvard epidemiologistMarcLipsitchtold The Wall Street Journalthat "it's likely we'll see a global pandemic" of coronavirus, with 40 to 70 percent of the world's population likely to be infected this year.

"What proportion of those will be symptomatic, I can't give a good number," addedLipsitch, who is theDirector of the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

Two other experts have recently given similar estimates.

Ira Longini, a biostatistician and adviser to the World Health Organization, has predicted that two-thirds of the global populationmay eventually contract COVID-19.

Prof Gabriel Leung, the chair of public health medicine at Hong Kong University, says if the transmission estimate of 2.5 additional people for each infected rate is accurate, that would result inan "attack rate" that wouldaffect 60 to 80 percent of the world's population.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has already saidthat it is preparing for the coronavirus to have a greater impact in the U.S. than the 15 confirmed cases currently.

In an interview withCNNon Feb. 13,Robert Redfield, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), said,Right now we're in an aggressive containment mode. He addedthat this virus is probably with us beyond this season, beyond this year, and I think eventually the virus will find a foothold and we will get community-based transmission."

Dr. Nancy Messonnier, the director of the CDCs National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, recentlyconfirmedthat the CDC is taking steps to prepare for the coronavirus to take a foothold in the U.S.

Along with communicating with health care facilities and resources, Messonnier says that the CDC is in constant talks with the medical supplies manufacturers, distributors and other health care partners to ensure there are plenty of preventative devices like masks and gloves available in the U.S. in the event of a larger outbreak.

Some of these partners have reported higher demand for N95 face masks and respirators.

She also took the time to explain the CDCs recommended use of any preventative supplies, especially face masks. Because the virus isnt spreading through the communityin the U.S., Messonnier only advises using face masks if you are sick or under investigation and not hospitalized, before one enters a health care providers office, or when caring for a potential infected patient.

When alone and at home, however, Messonnier says that people do not need to wear a mask.

She also confirmed that 195 people from Wuhan have completed the 14 day quarantine and left the March Air Reserve Base to be self-monitored with the help of state and local health authorities.

Additionally, amid reports of poor treatment of quarantined individuals and the military staff tending to them, Messonnier stated that the individuals discharged pose no health threat to their surrounding communities or the community they will return to.

After the CDC confirmed that a lab error led to the accidental discharge of an infected patient from a San Diego hospital, Messionnier told reporters that the CDC and other health officials are adding additional quality controls to keep patients organized.

See the original post here:
Harvard professor says global coronavirus pandemic 'likely,' infecting 40-70% of world this year - The Hill

CORBIN Baptist Health Corbin in collaboration with the Corbin Public Library held its monthly Noontime Knowledge at the library on Thursday.

In honor of American Heart Month, this months Noontime Knowledge focused on heart health and heart attacks. More specifically, heart attack signs, symptoms and how to react if you or somebody you know is having a heart attack.

Heart attacks are the number one killer of adults here in the United States, said cardiovascular educator at Baptist Health Corbin Tracy Bruck. Over 735,000 Americans have heart attacks every single year. 525,000 people have their first heart attack every year, a lot of people have more than one.

Heart attacks kill 116,000 Americans each year.

Heart attacks are a community problem with a community solution. That community solution is education because if a community knows early symptoms of a heart attack, then you can seek medical treatment early, explained Bruck.

When it comes to symptoms, Bruck said the most common are chest pain and discomfort. Other symptoms include pain in your back, shoulders, arms, neck, throat or jaw; abdominal discomfort; shortness of breath; weakness and fatigue; nausea; and sweating.

According to Bruck, early signs of a heart attack are present in about half of all patients that have suffered one.

Symptoms can suddenly accelerate just before somebody has a heart attack. Most early symptoms happen around 24 hours before someone suffers one. However, some symptoms can occur two to three weeks before someone suffers a heart attack.

Bruck says that men are more likely to suffer heart attacks on their first symptom than women are. Men normally feel pain and numbness on their left arm or side of their chest, while women will typically feel it on their right side.

A womans risk of suffering a heart attack increases four times after going through menopause. Women are also more likely to have what are known as silent heart attacks, which can result in a person having a heart attack and not even realizing it. Women are also more likely to suffer a fatal heart attack.

According to the CDC, heart attacks are more common in men, smokers, people who are obese or overweight, those with family histories of cardiac issues, and people aged 55 or older.

Bruck says knowing your family's personal history with heart disease can help in preventing a heart attack. She also recommends knowing and modifying those things in ones control that can attribute to a higher chance of heart attack.

Those factors one can modify to lower the chance of suffering a heart attack include keeping your blood pressure under control, maintaining an active lifestyle (getting at least 20-30 minutes of physical activity three times a week), stopping the use of tobacco, and keeping an eye on metabolic diseases like diabetes.

If you or someone you know is showing signs of a heart attack, Bruck says its important to seek medical attention right away.

We have a tendency as human beings to delay recognizing and responding to these early symptoms. Were our own worst enemy.

Some of the most common excuses people make are that theyre too busy or that theyre too healthy to be suffering a heart attack. Bruck says some try to pass it off as something else or ignore it all together. This could be dangerous because although the symptoms may subside, theyll come back and thats when it may be too late.

Along with medicine, modifications to lifestyle and preventative measures, the medical community has also created the Life Vest to help those who suffer with a heart related medical condition.

Kim Deering with Zoll Life Vest explained that the vest is a wearable cardioverter defibrillator that can be used to detect sudden cardiac arrest and defibrillate its wearer.

Available to the public since 2003, the vest was designed for those with a compromised heart function, a heart functioning at less than 35% of full capacity.

The Life Vest can be worn under clothing and can be hidden from public view. The vest monitors its wearer the entire time it is worn through the use of four dry electrodes that are placed around ones chest.

The vest senses an arrhythmic beat in its user's heart and activates a vibrating alert. A siren will then sound from the vest and continue to get louder. If the vest were to malfunction or have a bad reading, the wearer can press two buttons simultaneously to cancel the treatment. If the treatment isnt canceled, the vest will perform a treatment shock and release a blue gel.

The blue gel is released in case the wearer were to wake up alone after suffering cardiac arrest and receiving shock treatment. The blue gel would notify them of what had happened and the person could seek medical treatment.

Its saving about three patients a day all across America, said Deering, who added that the vest has a 98% success rate after the first shock.

According to Deering, the Life Vest is meant to be used as bridging tool. If a patient is able to get their heart working above that 35% threshold, then they are no longer at as great of a risk for sudden cardiac arrest, and the device is no longer needed.

The Life Vest is available all over the world, and is accepted by Medicare and all Kentucky Medicaid, as well as most private medical insurances.

The next Noontime Knowledge will be held March 6 at the Corbin Library from noon-1 p.m.

Read more here:
February's Noontime Knowledge event focuses on heart health - Times Tribune of Corbin

Heart disease is the No. 1 cause of death in the United States, and heart-related issues affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide. There are many factors that contribute to heart disease or put individuals at risk for developing heart disease. These factors include both those that can and cannot be controlled.

Many individuals, both male and female, have a genetic predisposition to heart disease and related health problems, and will need to consult their physician or care provider on treatment and/or preventative options. Preventable factors include changing ones diet to lower sodium and lower fat content, getting plenty of exercise, maintaining good hydration and sleep patterns, avoiding stress and quitting (or not starting) tobacco products.

Lack of knowledge on the subject often contributes to the challenge of maintaining good heart health and avoid different types of vascular diseases. The American Heart Association is a good source of information. There are various links on their website that point out the signs of heart health risk as well as preventative measures that can be taken. But keep in mind that there are times when, even if a few signs are present, heart conditions take one completely by surprise.

Mandy Hime, of Ashland, knew there were health issues in her family, but said she had no reason to believe she was at any immediate risk. But after the birth of her son in 1999, Hime began to develop high blood pressure. At the time, she was told many women develop high blood pressure during pregnancy, but usually the blood pressure in such cases returns to normal levels fairly quickly.

About six months later they checked me out again, and found that my blood pressure was still remaining high, Hime said. I developed gall stones, and needed surgery. But my blood pressure was so high they had to put me on medication to lower it before they could operate.

Hime said since her blood pressure remained so elevated, and considering her family had a predisposition for high blood pressure and heart related issues, her doctor decided medication to regulate it was her best option.

They changed my medicine on a regular basis, Hime said. And I was afraid I was going to run out of medicines that would still work. During this time other changes manifested themselves such as headaches and changes in her vision, but her blood pressure was holding its own at the high end of the acceptable spectrum.

This changed in 2019. After experiencing a headache that spanned eight days, Hime decided to go to the hospital. She was diagnosed with an aneurysm and immediately hospitalized.

The doctor told me he was surprised that I was still alive, Hime said. Id had a brain bleed, and it had been so long that my brain was trying to reabsorb the blood. They wouldnt release me until the headaches were completely gone. And for days, every time I would wake up they would give me medicine to put me to sleep.

Hime survived her ordeal, and came through it with information and insight into her condition. Her heart was able to pump blood to her extremities, but due to small veins it was having trouble cycling the blood back. This led, she was told, to her high blood pressure, hypertension and the aneurysm that nearly killed her. Now she is on different medicines and her blood pressure is somewhat under control, but she has to monitor it regularly.

I didnt even know I was at risk until it was almost too late, Hime said. Now she urges others to pay attention to even the smallest warning signs and to take better care of themselves.

Although Himes condition was a result of a genetic disposition that was complicated by a medical condition, not all heart disease or other heart health issues are the result of genetics. Some, as in the case of Boyd County man Daniel Rice, are either caused or affected by what most would consider an unrelated health issue. Rice was being treated for COPD when he had, and unwisely ignored, his first heart attack.

The family used to say my Dad had a mild heart attack years and years ago, but there werent any actual records of it, Rice said. And I had always been pretty active, so a heart attack was the last thing on my radar. In fact, I had taken a wellness test at the VA Hospital just a few years before, and they said my heart was fine.

Rice admits that he should have paid more attention to the signs, but there was always a ready-made excuse for why the occasional pains werent related to his heart.

Looking back, I would say that I had two mild heart attacks before, he said. I thought one was just like angina, a pressure on the chest. And the other passed pretty quickly, so I just wrote it off.

Later, while on vacation in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, his wife was sick and decided to stay in for the day. Rice said he stayed in with her and he began to have pains in his chest.

The weird thing was, it was my right arm that hurt. And since I had always heard it was your left arm that would hurt or go numb when you were having a heart attack, I thought it was probably something else,he said.

Rice said he made excuses and put the episode out of his mind because the pain went away. A few days later, he experienced more short-lived pains, and ignored those as well.

But just after Labor Day in 2018, I was using the weed eater around the house and the pains came back,Rice said. My chest began to hurt, and I got really lightheaded. And my stomach was really upset. I couldnt ignore it anymore, and I called for help around 11:30 a.m. By 2:30 p.m., I woke up with stents.

Rice was taken to the hospital at KDMC, and when a doctor looked at him, he decided to send him straight to the Cath Lab. The decision saved his life, and this was when Rice found out that the other pains he had ignored had been milder heart attacks, and could have gone much worse. Still, he said he had more to learn.

I am pretty hard-headed, Rice said. After I started feeling better, I got a little lazy about taking my medicine. That was a bad move because I ended up having another mild heart attack. That was a wake-up call, and definitely got my attention. These days Im trying to take a little better care of myself.

Rice said he now makes a conscious decision to eat healthier food. He said he doesnt always eat right, but he makes sure to get in a lot of fresh vegetables and limit his sodium intake as much as possible. And though his COPD prevents him from doing much in the way of exercise, KDMC is starting him on Pulmonary Rehab with high expectations for positive results. His advice to others is simple and straight-forward.

If you are hurting, go see your doctor. Even if the pain goes away, the problem isnt gone,Rice said.

Both Hime and Rice were fortunate in that they survived putting off treatment; many are not so lucky. Heart health is far too important, they both now know, to leave to chance.

(606)326-2655 |

cromans@dailyindependent.com

Here is the original post:
Heart Health Month Lesson learned: Be aware of any signs - The Independent

During a meeting of Trinitys College Historical Society on Wednesday March 1st, 1961, the British peer, Lord Windlesham, admitted that apartheid was immoral and wrong but suggested that it would take time to remove it because of the tremendous task in educating the African masses.

This view was immediately challenged by Oladele Olusiji Kale, a young Nigerian student studying medicine in Trinity, who argued that this evil called apartheid is the greatest evil since Nazism. Kale would go on to become professor of preventative and social medicine at the University of Ibadan and a leading public health expert.

When the motion was put to a vote, the system of apartheid was rejected by 35 votes to eight and the result was widely reported. Apartheid condemned in TCD debate was the headline on page 3 of The Irish Times the next day.

Two years later, Nelson Mandela and other leaders of the ANC were put on trial for sabotage and other crimes, in what became known as the Rivonia Trial, and the South African government pressed for the death sentence. Behind the scenes, another former Trinity debater, the Nigerian foreign minister, Jaja Wachuku, persuaded the British and US governments to intervene.

Wachuku, who wore his Trinity College tie at cabinet meetings, had been a leading member of the College Historical Society in the 1940s, where he won a medal for oratory.

In this instance, he used his powers of persuasion to convince the British and Americans that the execution of the leaders, and Mandela especially, would destabilise African politics. The intervention proved decisive and when Mandela was convicted in 1964 he was sentenced to life imprisonment.

Wachuku was honoured posthumously as a hero of the struggle for Nigerias independence who helped persuade competing factions to press for independence in 1957. The Times of London noted that it was Mr Wachukus oratory which brought a compromise.

This year the College Historical Society celebrates the 250th anniversary of its founding. It is the oldest student debating society on these islands and perhaps the oldest student society in the world. The rival University Philosophical Society in Trinity claims an older lineage, going back to 1683, but it was actually created in 1853 as is well documented in the college records.

Throughout its existence, the College Historical Society has been place where different generations of Trinity students have seen the democratic ideal in action, the belief that ideas should be contested in a public sphere, debated by speakers on different sides, and then put to a public vote.

It has provided a forum for members from different backgrounds and beliefs to come together, test their ideas and develop their oratorical styles. Many of its members have gone on to significant careers in Ireland and around the world, including in politics, literature, law, science, business and intellectual life.

They include: Theobald Wolfe Tone and Robert Emmet in the 18th century; Thomas Davis, Isaac Butt and Edward Carson in the 19th; Jaja Wachuku, Mary Harney and Leo Varadkar in the 20th; and Sally Rooney in the 21st.

Called the Historical Society from 1770 to 1815, it dissolved itself rather than submit to restrictions imposed by the college authorities over what it could and could not discuss. Reforming outside the walls, it continued to provide a forum for new ideas to be presented and challenged, before returning Trinity as the College Historical Society in 1843.

Known popularly as The Hist since the 1920s, it continues to meet on Wednesday nights during term time. Today, its meetings are live streamed online.

Ireland changed significantly over the course of this period, from being a subordinate part of the British empire, to an independent state, self-confident about taking its place among the nations of the Earth.

Trinity also changed significantly in this period, admitting Catholics in 1793, women in 1904 and transforming itself into a national institution with an international reputation.

Despite the many changes throughout this period there has been a remarkable continuity in the story of the society. It has consistently been a sphere of ideas, championing free debate and democratic principles, sometimes attracting controversy.

It has also been an arena of ambition where members have tested themselves against their contemporaries and honed the skills that would serve them later in life, a place where great ideas were contested and opposing viewpoints (for the most part) treated with respect.

Over the 250 years oratorical styles have gone through many fashions, motions for debate have changed considerably and even the format of meetings and events has evolved significantly.

Nonetheless, there is a remarkable continuity. For example, every generation suspects that its successors are not as serious, not as impressive, not as good. This attitude was there from the beginning. At the start of the sixth session, in 1775, the chair criticised the society for already being in decline and regretted that it was no longer producing wits and poets and orators. Similar criticisms have been made in later generations and yet wits, and poets and orators, and more besides, continue to come through its ranks.

Some criticisms are more justified. For far too long, the biggest weakness undermining the society was its exclusion of women. It will surprise many people to learn that women sometimes attended meetings of the society in its early years, although this was a controversial issue.

In 1931 the society voted to admit women but unfortunately the change was never implemented. Every year the issue was debated and The Irish Times in 1964 condemned the refusal to change calling it, this traditionally misogynist society.

The exclusion eventually became untenable and was dropped in 1968. Women played a decisive role in bringing about this change and the controversy stands in contrast to the societys role as a driver for change in so many other areas.

For many, the image of debating societies in general, and perhaps The Hist in particular, is one of elitism and exclusivity. By the nature of their activities they attract only a subset of the wider college community, but it is a self-selecting group who get involved and there are no barriers to who can join.

However it is not easy to stand up to speak in the chamber in the Graduates Memorial Building, especially if one is aware of its history. Many find the prospect intimidating or off-putting, or are just not interested.

The talented novelist Sally Rooney came to prominence with an article she wrote about her competitive debating career. She remarked: College debaters are just students wearing ill-fitting formal clothes, and most of them arent even very good. But, crucially, some of them kind of are.

Rooney herself was one of those debaters who excelled in the society, described as eerily clever and stunningly eloquent in equal measure by one of her debating partners. Her subsequent success as a novelist continued a literary tradition in the society, which included Sheridan le Fanu, Bram Stoker, Oscar Wilde and Oliver St John Gogarty.

There are other literary connections. James Joyce, himself a brilliant student debater in UCDs Literary and Historical Society (or L&H), has a passage in Ulysses where one character discusses the finest display of oratory I ever heard and attributes it to a speech made by John F Taylor at the college historical society.

This bestowed a kind of literary immortality on the society, bringing it to the attention of scholars around the world although, as it turns out, the speech it is based on actually took place somewhere else. WB Yeats often spoke and chaired meetings of the society and his son, Michael, was later was elected auditor, the title given to the societys head. It was The Hist that chose this unusual designation in the 18th century and it would bequeath it to other student societies on the island.

Attracting high-profile guest speakers is a long tradition of the society, which in the past has welcomed figures as diverse as Winston Churchill and Michel Martin, John Hume and Mary McAleese (when president of Ireland), Colin Parry (whose son, Tim, was killed in an IRA bombing in Warrington and who delivered many moving appeals for peace in the 1990s) and Hilary Mantel.

Sometimes the focus is on celebrities and this goes back to the origins of the society, when there was some tension after some members proposed presenting a medal to Sarah Siddons, the most famous tragic actress of the 18th century, who was visiting from London.

Ten years ago I was approached by the society to write an official history for its 250th anniversary. Having never been a student in the university, though I occasionally attended debates with the L&H in UCD and then later as a member of staff in Trinity I approached the records with a critical eye.

Not all meetings were historic, not all speeches were profound and the society had its share of self-indulgent theatrics and tedium. It has also been transformative. By providing a peaceful forum to speakers representing every shade of opinion, it has been a place where great ideas have been contested and where national and international figures have been shaped.

Today, in the 21st century, it still serves the same vital function.

Prof Patrick Geoghegan is an historian at Trinity College Dublin and is a vice-president of the College Historical Society. He is the author of The College Historical Society: Oratory and Debate, 1770-2020, to be published by Lilliput Press and Hinds in March.

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The Hist: 250 years of self-indulgent theatrics and transformative debate - The Irish Times

WEST CHESTER Medical professionals in Chester County are confident that international quarantine procedures are keeping Americans at home safe from coronavirus, and most doctors are taking extra steps to ensure their patients stay safe.

While we are investigating any suspected cases of coronavirus, so far no one in Pennsylvania has tested positive for the virus, said Jeanne Casner, director of the Chester County Health Department. The threat of someone from Chester County being infected with the coronavirus is low, unless you have traveled to China or been in contact with someone from China who has been ill with suspected symptoms of novel coronavirus while symptomatic or confirmed positive.

Around the region and across the nation, the medical community is on high-alert as a precaution to combat the virus from harming the general population of Philadelphia and beyond. Coronavirus is a new ailment which recently sprang from the City of Wuhan, located 500 miles west of Shanghai in China.

Ninety-seven people died from the coronavirus on Sunday, a new daily record since the new coronavirus was first detected in December, as the death toll rose to 908, Chinas National Health Commission said on Monday.

That new total surpasses the toll from the SARS epidemic of 2002-3, according to official data.

Last week, Pennsylvania Secretary of Health Rachel Levine said that the threat from 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) remains low. While there have been 11 confirmed cases in the United States, none were documented within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

In Chicago, a woman in her 60s was diagnosed after she returned from Wuhan on Jan. 13. The CDC said the Chicago woman had transmitted the virus to her husband, who had not traveled to China. But he was in close contact with his wife during a long period of time when she was symptomatic, the Illinois Department of Public Health said.

Other U.S. cases of Wuhan coronavirus include a student at the Boston campus of the University of Massachusetts. In Arizona, officials said, an "adult member" of the Arizona State University community was infected. And in Washington state, a man in his 30s sought treatment after returning from Wuhan.

There is limited direct impact on people in our area other than the possible need to change or cancel travel plans, said Charleen Faucette, director of infection prevention at Chester County Hospital. However, this is an evolving situation and people should stay informed so they will be aware if things change.

Faucette continued, While there have been no confirmed cases in Pennsylvania to date, out of an abundance of caution to protect our patients and staff, we are following Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for evaluation of patients who may be at risk of developing the 2019 novel coronavirus.

She said Penn Medicine is working closely with leaders of the CDC, the Pennsylvania Department of Health, and local health officials to monitor this evolving situation and are prepared to quickly adjust our procedures as more information about the virus becomes available.

This is a fluid and rapidly changing situation with extensive local and national attention we are all learning new things every day, said Shafinaz Akhter, assistant clinical professor of medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and director of Antimicrobial Stewardship at Chester County Hospital. The most effective personal interventions are optimizing individual health, including management of chronic diseases and making sure vaccinations are up-to-date.

Regional, national and international organizations are taking containment actions to prevent coronavirus from becoming a global crisis. In fact, the situation is not an epidemic in America, officially.

This situation is currently labeled as a public health emergency, Casner said.

We have been monitoring the coronavirus outbreak in China with information from our federal and state partners and are preparing our response teams in the event of an outbreak here, said Casner per proactive steps the Chester County Health Department is taking. We have communicated with clinicians through our health alerts about the potential for coronavirus cases to spread into the United States, and into Pennsylvania, treatment guidelines and collection of lab specimens of potential coronavirus cases.

Pertinent information is also continuously posted on the Chester County Health website as well as on its social media channels.

Casner added, The (Chester County) Health Department in collaboration with the Department of Emergency Services exercise and prepare frequently for a potential infectious disease outbreak.

There are nationwide efforts to limit travel to and from affected areas, according to Akhter. Locally, prompt recognition, testing, and isolation of patients with concerning clinical presentation and exposure history, Akhter said.

As a large academic health system and a national leader with deep experience preparing for and caring for patients with communicable diseases, Faucette said, Penn Medicine hospitals are always at the ready to respond to global public health issues and collaborate with local, state, and federal health agencies.

The impact of coronavirus to the Philadelphia region includes modifications of travel plans to and from areas with wide-spread transmission, Akhter said.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has expanded the number of airports screening travelers to include the Philadelphia International Airport, Casner said. Philadelphia International Airport is a U.S. Quarantine Station that is a part of a comprehensive national quarantine system that serves to limit the introduction of infectious diseases into the United States and to prevent their spread.

The novel coronavirus spread is certainly an outbreak and meets some characteristics of an epidemic, Akhter said. That being said these are words and definitions and say little about the impact of the illness.

Vince Schaller, a doctor at American Family Care in West Chester, said residents should be proactive about healthy lifestyles during the outbreak.

Here we have a global scare, Schaller said, yet hopes this situation becomes an opportunity to educate the public on best health practices. He continued, Educate on what we really need to better on, like the flu, another virus like the coronavirus. To use any situation like this (with historic significance considering the World Health and CDCs involvement) as an opportunity to allay peoples fears, the science, to make them aware, and educate them. This is a wonderful opportunity to educate.

The symptoms of the coronavirus are resolvable by healthy people. The public needs to know that, Schaller said.

Schaller said, We can actually improve peoples health with influenza by paying attention to coronavirus and explaining the difference.

As we continue to contain the coronavirus through quarantine, said Schaller, who advised people to take key steps if feeling unwell. He said, If youre getting suddenly sick, with high fever, body aches, he advised people to seek medical help sooner rather than later. Additionally, he noted that the CDC has made an identification test of coronavirus available to doctors.

Coronavirus can look like the flu, Schaller said. He added that, as such, it is far more deadly to the sick, the elderly or the young.

Because this is a newly identified illness, there is definitely heightened attention and concern related to coronavirus at this time but, there are no confirmed cases in Pennsylvania, Faucette said. We are seeing thousands of cases of influenza in Pennsylvania and across the U.S. with some cases leading to serious illness. People should always be following steps to keep themselves healthy, perform frequent hand hygiene, and get immunized for influenza to help prevent respiratory infections, now and throughout the year.

Coronavirus is similar to the flu, and even the common cold, as respiratory ailments.

Understandably, the media attention to the novel coronavirus may make influenza seem less significant, Akhter said. However, it is important to know that there are currently 19 million cases of influenza reported in the U.S. this season with 10,000 deaths. In Pennsylvania, we have 45,000 diagnosed influenza cases and over 30 deaths so far. Despite this, vaccination coverage is only 62 percent for children younger than 17 years old and 45 percent for adults over 18 years old.

He added that the, influenza vaccination is safe and effective.

Casner said human coronaviruses are spread, just like the flu or a cold, through the air by coughing or sneezing as well as via close personal contact, such as shaking hands or even touching an object or surface that is contaminated.

The flu season is still active and there is a higher risk of getting the flu, Casner said.

Medical professionals recommend for people to cover any coughs or sneezes using their elbows rather than their hands.

It is also recommended that people should stay at home when not feeling well.

Additionally, people are advised to clean surfaces frequently, including countertops, light switches, cellphones, and other frequently touched items.

Akhter stressed the importance of optimizing general health as a key step to combat illness. This includes taking care of chronic medical conditions including diabetes and hypertension which can lead to immunosuppression if left untreated. Part of this is preventative medical care, including routine vaccinations when indicated."

Akhter advised people to take care when ill. This means following your doctors instructions on medications and follow up, he said. This should include avoiding work or crowded settings and excellent hand hygiene.

To stay healthy generally during the winter months, and year-round, doctors recommend drinking plenty of water and maintaining a healthy hygiene, which includes washing ones hands frequently.

Good hygiene practices such as washing hands, proper hydration, covering your coughs or sneezes with your elbow and not your hands, cleaning frequently touched surfaces, good sleep and healthy foods, said Casner.

We deeply appreciate the Department of Healths efforts to educate the commonwealth about the very real public health issue coronavirus presents, as well its commitment to combating misinformation about its origins, said Mohan Seshadri, executive director of the Governors Advisory Commission on Asian Pacific American Affairs on Feb. 3.

Too often, national security and public health crises have led to the demonization of particular groups of people, Seshadri continued, and we are committed to ensuring that that does not happen here. Our thoughts and prayers are with our fellow Americans and those in China fighting the virus, as well as with our Chinese-American community members worried for their families.

While this is a worrisome public health situation, CDC believes that the immediate health risk from 2019-nCoV to the general American public continues to be low at this time, Casner said.

"People should stay informed by monitoring reliable sources like the CDC and other public health websites, Faucette said. They can be assured that local, state, and national public health agencies are monitoring the situation closely and updating guidance as needed. Also, health care facilities across the region are collaborating with these public health partners so we can best inform, protect, and care for members of our communities.

On Feb. 7, the Pennsylvania Medical Society, held a press conference via telephone on novel coronavirus. It confirmed that no one in the commonwealth has been diagnosed with the virus.

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Ageing should be classified as a disease to provide better treatment of the elderly, says an international group of leading medics and academics.

They are urging the World Health Organisation (WHO) to rethink the way it classifies illnesses so ageing is no longer seen as a natural process but a disease in its own right that leads to frailty, disability and ultimately death.

They say the WHOs current bible which defines and lists all diseases focuses doctors on individual critical conditions rather than the wider range of degenerative changes as people age.

The 30 experts - from Harvard, Stanford and MIT to Cambridge, Imperial and UCL - said their inclusion would encourage doctors to diagnose and prescribe treatments including drugs, diet and exercise that could prevent age-related conditions developing into critical illnesses.

The WHOs health bible - known as the International Classification of Disease (ICD) - determines what doctors around the world diagnose, treat and record.

However, Dr Stuart Calimport, one of the lead authors, cited inconsistencies such as sarcopenia, an age-related muscle-wasting, which was included in the ICD while age-related wearing out of other organs was not.

Critical to ageing is a process known as senescence in which cells throughout the body age, releasing inflammatory factors and enzymes that the immune system can no longer destroy

When senescent cells build up in the skin causing wrinkles it is considered a natural change. Yet when senescent cells build up in the heart and blood vessels, causing blood vessels to calcify, we call it cardiovascular disease, said Dr Calimport, of Liverpool University.

This is an error of logic and categorisation and not due to the intrinsic nature or complexity of pathology or disease.

An ageing disease classified and assessed for the level of severity in one organ can be unclassified in another.

With a lack of classifications and staging, pathological ageing changes may not be logged. This means that treatment needs may be overlooked, such as atrophy, calcification and ageing in organs and tissues where these are not classified or assessed for severity.

Dr Calimport did not believe the classification of more diseases would provide a bonanza for drug firms to develop treatments that would push up the NHS bill.

He said there were already cheap drugs such as Metformin, which was used to treat diabetes and had been shown to be effective in countering age-related conditions.

It would allow for preventative medicine such as social prescribing or the prescribing of exercise. It might not totally prevent ageing but at the moment we are not even recognising ageing in a way that it can be properly recorded and tracked said Dr Calimport.

If you cant track it, how can you prevent it, or slow it down?

The WHO is currently considering submissions for changes to the ICD which will be published next year. There are major updates every decade.

The proposals comes as the number of elderly are expected more than double from 900 million worldwide aged over 60 to two billion by 2050.

By 2030, one in five people in the UK (21.8 per cent) will be aged 65 or over, 6.8 per cent will be aged 75-plus and 3.2 per cent will be aged 85-plus.

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Ageing should be classed as a disease in itself, say leading academics - Telegraph.co.uk

Last month Swine Health Professionals officially opened its new Sheridan Room Education and Training Facility, a biosecure space in which the practice can provide swine barn workers hands on training in the husbandry and veterinary skills that will help them in their work.

Dr Blaine Tully, a Veterinarian and partner with SHP, observes the role of veterinarians and their relationships with their farms continue to evolve.

"What we've observed over three decades of swine veterinary practice is a shift from what was termed emergency medicine where veterinarians were busy kind of putting out health fires to more of a preventative role," explains Dr Tully, speaking to Farmscape.

"Certainly we still do those on a daily basis within our practice but the shift has really been to having swine farm workers become more adept at some of the husbandry practices that are a part of them.

"As the world around us changes with some of the antimicrobial regulations and welfare regulations that put more pressure on farms to kind of do the right thing, we find it really helps to have an open discussion in some of our workshops to enable workers to understand some of those principles of husbandry and how they can apply them in a better way on their farms."

Dr Tully says the new education and training facility will accommodate programmes SHP has developed over the years as well as several new programmes including euthanasia training to help swine barn workers be more comfortable with performing that job and programmes to help workers become more familiar with disease pathogens on swine farms and the medication and vaccine protocols in place to address them.

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Swine vets play new role in preparing producers for on-farm procedures - The Pig Site

Photograph by Carl Court, Getty Images

The Diamond Princess cruise ship (shown docked in Yokohama, Japan, on February 10) was quarantined in the city after passengers tested positive for coronavirus.

When passengers booked their vacations on the ill-fated Diamond Princess, they were likely looking forward to hanging out in a hot tub, not a hot zone. Now most of them are quarantined off the coast of Japan, hoping to avoid testing positive for the 2019 novel coronavirus, which has already infected more than 200 people on the cruise ship.

Health officials in protective gear removed suitcases from the Diamond Princess cruise ship in Yokohama, Japan. Its believed they belonged to passengers evacuated and taken to hospitals after testing positive for coronavirus.

The fact that the largest outbreak of COVID-19 outside of mainland China is happening on a cruise cant be reassuring to travelers who are already skittish about health issues on boat-based trips, which are well known incubators of gastrointestinal illnesses. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) offers a helpful database of cases, broken down by year.

The vast majority of cruises dont experience any problems. But confined spaces mean that even one sick person can create a serious situation, explains Tullia Marcolongo, executive director of the nonprofit International Association for Medical Assistance to Travelers. Its the domino effect, and you have nowhere to go, she says.

Cruise companies work to minimize the risk of illness by maintaining cleanliness and monitoring health on board their ships. In response to the coronavirus outbreak, Carnivalthe parent company of Princess Cruiseshas introduced expanded protocols, including enhanced onboard sanitation measures with non-toxic materials and pre-boarding medical evaluations, as needed. On its website, Royal Caribbean Cruises touts its health and safety program, such as internal and external inspections, frequent water systems testing, and strict food handling rules.

Passengers can do their part, too. The first thing I would say is that the power is in your hands, Marcolongo says. She means that literally. Frequent hand washing can be a critical preventative measure for norovirus, colds, and other yucky things circulating on a ship. To make sure you scrub long enough, sing Happy Birthday twice, she suggests, and dont miss the spots between your fingers. If theres no soap and water nearby, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Many ships make sanitizer stands readily available to passengers, Marcolongo adds.

David Parenti, director of the George Washington University Travelers Clinic and professor of medicine at the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, advises being aware of when youve held handrails and touched other surfaces. Until you can wash your hands, dont stick them in your eyes or mouth.

Unfortunately, Parenti says, there are lots of other ways to get sick, both on ship and on land. It all has to do with luck. If youre on a ship with norovirus, thats bad luck. If you are on a cruise ship, you will need to eat. Those risks are something you dont have a lot of control over, he says.

This is where you should sit on the plane to avoid getting sick.

To be proactive, travelers can set up a pre-vacation doctors appointment to make sure their immunizations are up to date. Depending on your destination, that flu shot might be important even if youre taking off in the middle of the summer. Keep in mind that the U.S. influenza season is the opposite of the Southern Hemisphere, Parenti notes. He recommends getting the vaccine for Hepatitis A and checking on your immunity to measles; you could possibly use another shot. (A measles case was responsible for a different cruise quarantine in May 2019.)

Because of the limited number of medications on board, its smart to pack whatever you think you might need, Marcolongo adds. That includes first-aid basics as well as some standard over-the-counter supplies, which for gastrointestinal issues include Loperamide (Immodium) and oral rehydration salts.

Miami-based attorney Jack Hickey once represented cruise companiesand now sues them over personal injury claims. His advice? What I tell people is get trip insurance and make sure it covers an air ambulance. Travelers who experience emergencies and need to pay for transportation will be in for some serious sticker shock otherwise.

Be realistic about what kind of care you can actually expect on board a ship. If you get sick or injured, get back to the U.S. as quickly as possible, Hickey advises. Although cruises undoubtably excel at hospitality, he says, they tend to be lacking when it comes to medical care. Its not a hospital, but a ship carrying 3,000 to 6,000 people and going to isolated areas of the world, says Hickey, who thinks there typically arent enough doctors and staff to handle a heavy workload, and that the facilities arent adequately equipped. Almost uniformly, they have X-ray machines. But [ships] do not have good machines or people who know how to read films well, he says.

The coronavirus quarantinewhich is keeping people cooped up in tight cabins for weeksis a reminder that mental health problems could also arise, especially for anyone with issues around anxiety or claustrophobia. Travel insurance doesnt necessarily cover that, Marcolongo notes.

Learn how the coronavirus compares to Ebola, flu, and other outbreaks.

As scientists learn more about the virus and how its transmitted, there may be more scrutiny of ventilation systems on cruise ships, Parenti adds. In a hospital, its possible to put a patient in a respiratory isolation room with frequent air exchanges.

Thats not an option for most cruise accommodations. The next best choice, according to Parenti? I would take a window, personally. At least you could open it and get a breeze that way.

Vicky Hallett is a Florence, Italy-based health and travel writer. Follow her on Instagram.

RELATED VIDEO: American couple documents coronavirus quarantine on cruise ship (Provided by: NBC News)

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Here's how to avoid getting sick on a cruise Viruses and bacteria spread quickly on ships - msnNOW

Nearly 400 livestock farmers from around Wales have joined a scheme designed to help them improve their animals health and boost their production.

The 395 beef and sheep farmers have signed up to a pro-active animal health planning project called Stoc+, which is promoted by Hybu Cig Cymru Meat Promotion Wales (HCC).

Stoc+ forms one part of HCCs three-strand, Welsh Government and European Union-funded Red Meat Development Programme (RMDP).

During the course of the five-year project, HCC will bring together up to 500 commercial sheep and beef producers across Wales and encourage them to adopt a prevention is better than cure approach to animal health.

Each participating farmer will receive practical, expert advice and specialist support for up to three years. In addition, all farmers will benefit from a tailor-made Flock and Herd Health Plan and Action Plan to work towards various targets set by their local veterinary practitioner.

As part of the project, the team have identified a small number of ambassadors who include farmers and veterinary practitioners. The ambassadors role includes encouraging their peers to get involved and demonstrating the practical benefits of proactive health planning in terms of animal health and farm profitability.

Jonathan Lewis from Llandrindod Wells is one of the ambassadors. Mr Lewiss upland farm has 80 Simmental, Limousin and Stabiliser cows and 1,680 Lleyn, Mules and Welsh Mountain sheep and lambs.

He said:

There were many reasons behind joining the project. I wanted to improve the overall health of my flock as well as increase the number of lambs that I sold whilst reducing the number of days to slaughter. During the course of the project, I would also like to reduce the antibiotics used on the farm and be advised on how to improve biosecurity.

Claire Jones of Dolgellau Vets is a vet ambassador for the project, and as a vet and farmers wife has a passion for preventative medicine and herd and flock health work.

Claire said:

Health planning is something that I feel should be an integral part of all farm management, as it improves the efficiency of the farm and health of the animals and also helps to improve the vet and farmer communication and relationship.

Stoc+ is supported by the Welsh Government Rural Communities Rural Development Programme 2014 2020, which is funded by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development and the Welsh Government.

For more information on the project and to meet other project ambassadors visit the HCC website.https://meatpromotion.wales/en/industry-projects/red-meat-development-programme

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Farmers Join Scheme to Boost Their Animals' Health - Business News Wales

By GILLIAN SLADE on February 15, 2020.

gslade@medicinehatnews.com

The Alberta Association of Optometrists says Alberta Health is asking for a 22 per cent reduction in fees for eye care for seniors and children.

In late December, the AAO received this communication from the government, said president Dr. Troy Brady.

We do feel that their proposals will result in poor eye health care for Albertans and greater overall cost to the system, said Brady, noting that a lack of preventative eye care will mean more people seeking attention in emergency rooms or needing a referral to a specialist. This would result in higher overall health-care expenses.

Alberta Health would not provide an interview to the News but submitted an emailed statement in response to questions.

Alberta has the highest per-capita spending in Canada, almost twice as high as Ontario, B.C. or Nova Scotia. This isnt sustainable, said Steve Buick, spokesperson for Alberta Health.

Brady says a comparison of fees with other provinces is not as simple as that.

In comparing rates Alberta Health has used some of the oldest and lowest fees to inform their request, said Brady. They found rates from other provinces that have not been updated for 15 years.

Brady says in some cases there are increases that are not reflected yet but will likely show up later in the year.

The AAO has had only two increases in fees in the past six years, and each of those was for one per cent, said Brady.

It does not begin to cover cost-of-living increases or inflation.

Alberta Health pays optometrists $56.32 for one complete eye exam every year for a child up to age 18. The fee for a senior, who also qualifies for one complete eye exam annually, is $80.70.

Alberta Health is suggesting the seniors exam should be reduced to $56.32, the same rate paid for a child.

The Alberta Association of Optometrists says there are complexities to an eye exam for a senior that do not exist with a child. Brady says seniors have more complicated eye conditions including other health conditions that can affect eye health.

They take more time. It takes longer to explain whats happening with their eyes and they often have multiple problems that we need to discuss, said Brady.

Alberta Health requested a reduction in optometrist fees and services totalling about $22 million, which equates to a 22.8 per cent cut to the estimated $96.5 million budget.

Brady says the AAO has submitted a counter proposal to Alberta Health that it believes will fairly compensate optometrists plus continue to ensure high quality and timely eye health care.

Depending on the outcome, there is the potential for patients affected to have to pay an additional fee for services.

They will then have to choose between paying this extra cost or asking to be referred to a specialist, a higher paid provider, said Brady.

Other changes suggested by Alberta Health include reducing the fee for computer-assisted visual fields and to delist completely retinal photography and retinal imaging.

The AAO had counter-proposed a 3.2 per cent reduction to fees over two years, which would allow Alberta Health to save about $8 million over the next three years.

Buick points out that no final decisions have been made by the government yet.

The AAO says many common eye diseases have no early signs or symptoms, which is why regular eye exams are recommended. Three quarters of vision loss and blindness can be prevented with early intervention.

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Dental caries occur when the acid from plaque erodes the tooth enamel and forms cavities. Caries is a common dental disease, prevalent in both developed and developing countries, affecting every stratum and age group of the society. The FISABIO Foundation discovered a new bacterial species named Streptococcus dentisani, which acts as a shield against caries-causing bacteria, producing a substance that inhibits them and prevents caries. Streptococcus dentisani bacteria is used as a preventive probiotic product to improve oral health in the food and cosmetic industries (mouthwash, toothpaste). Probiotic solutions are expected to be a groundbreaking approach toward anticaries treatment as these solutions have the potential to improve health and reduce health care expenditure. Anticaries treatment is considered an attractive concept for next-generation anticavity therapy, as it has the potential to prevent tooth replacement or other dental surgical replacements required due to cavity formation. The use and availability of different types of anticaries treatments have evolved over the past century; however, further research is ongoing in order to develop its more clinical applications and reduce the adverse effects associated with the use of anticaries treatments.

A major factor driving the anticaries treatments market is the high incidence of dental problems globally. Rise in incidence of periodontics among young adults and increase in demand for stem cell anticaries treatment techniques, especially among the geriatric population, are the other factors anticipated to drive the anticaries treatments market during the forecast period. Favorable price of anticaries products and emergence of new technologies using an anticaries product as a functional food, mouthwash, toothpaste, chewing gum, etc. are expected to propel the global anticaries treatments market. According to the World Health Organization, complete loss of teeth affects approximately 30% of the geriatric population in the age group of 65-74 years. However, prevalence rates of anticaries are increasing in low and middle income countries. Factors, such as, preference for endodontic treatment over anticaries treatment in major dental surgeries and local inflammatory activity which results in chronic complications and dental replacements are projected to restrain the growth of the anticaries treatments market during the forecast period.

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The global anticaries treatments market can be segmented on the basis of product type, end-user, and region. In terms of product type, the anticaries treatments market can be categorized into topical solution, gel-based, foam-based, toothpaste, and others. The gel-based segment accounted for a prominent share of the global anticaries treatments market in 2017, due to increasing prevalence of dental surgery and rising demand for cosmetic surgery, especially in the emerging economies, such as, China, Brazil, and India. In terms of end-user, the anticaries treatments market can be divided into cosmetic industry, home care, dental clinics, and others.

In terms of region, the global anticaries treatments market can be segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. North America is projected to dominate the global anticaries treatments market during the forecast period due to increasing dental services and stem cell research in the region. According to the Dental Health Services, in 2015, total expenditure on dental services in Canada amounted to US$ 13.6 Bn. Expenditure of the private sector was estimated at US$ 12.7 Bn, while that of the public sector at US$ 846 Mn. In April 2017, Unilever launched an in-clinic remineralisation regime to regenerate professionally advanced enamel serum. The Unilever brand claimed 82% of the enamel mineral regenerated after 3 days. Furthermore, increasing prevalence of dental cavities and periodontics, especially in the developing countries, such as, China and India has boosted the demand for dental surgery. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 60% to 90% of school children and nearly 100% of adults have dental cavities. The incidence of dental surgery, general prosthetic fixation, periodontal inflammation, and other dental diseases is increasing in Asia Pacific. This, in turn, is anticipated to fuel the demand for cost-effective aesthetic and dental surgeries. These factors are projected to drive the anticaries treatments market in Asia Pacific between 2018 and 2026.

Key players operating in the global anticaries treatments market include Unilever, Ocata Therapeutics, ICPA Health, GlaxoSmithKline plc, and Church & Dwight, Inc.

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MRR.BIZ has been compiled in-depth market research data in the report after exhaustive primary and secondary research. Our team of able, experienced in-house analysts has collated the information through personal interviews and study of industry databases, journals, and reputable paid sources.

The report provides the following information: Tailwinds and headwinds molding the market trajectory Market segments based on products, technology, and applications Prospects of each segment Overall current and possible future size of the market Growth pace of the market Competitive landscape and key players strategies

The main aim of the report is to: Enable key stakeholder in the market bet right on it Understand the opportunities and pitfalls awaiting them Assess the overall growth scope in the near term Strategize effectively with respect to production and distribution

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Anticaries Treatments Market to Witness a Healthy Y-o-Y Growth during 2018 2026 - Jewish Life News

Reports from theFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations,World Health Organization, andothers emphasize the critical role of plant-based diets in creating a sustainable food future for all. Plant-based diets are also key for human nutrition, highlighted in diet guidelines the world over includingUS,Canada, andBrazil. Yet livestock remains essential to aroundone billionof the worlds indigent and theglobal demand for meat and dairy is expected toincrease by 70% by 2050.

Meat production and consumption habits must shift, and solutions are sorely needed to feed the appetite for meat in the US and abroad.

Enter plant-based burgers, which exploded onto the food scene in the 2010s. While eaters love them, questions followed: Are they healthier? More sustainable? And are they even real food?

Opinions are heated, but what does the science show?

A Brave New Burger thats Just Plain Better

Forget bland veggies burgers of yore that only appealed to die-hard vegetarians. Todays food technology methods have brought consumers a beefy patty that sizzlesand theyre a game-changer.

Beyond MeatandImpossible Foodslead the plant-based burger market, and are quite similarin nutrient content and ingredients. A key difference is the use of genetic engineering, used in Impossible to create its umami punch from soy leghemoglobin. Not surprisingly,Impossible eaters care not at all about the tech that made it tastynor should they, given the copious evidence of its safety. (Beyond, conversely, boasts theyre non-GMO.) Major food companies also offer their own plant-based burgers using a variety of techniques and ingredients, now available in supermarkets alongside Beyond and Impossible.

Critics questioned wondered whether plant-based burgers would take off; the marketplace already offers myriad vegetarian choices, after all. Yet contemporary consumersare increasingly seeking ecoconscious options that supplant meat, while delivering the pleasure of eating meatat least, some of the time. Ninety percent of plant-based meat and dairy consumers are omnivores, in fact, and Beyond reports that more than 70 percent of its consumers are meat-eaters seeking a more sustainable option. Importantly, Beyond and Impossible burgers are found on restaurant andfast foodmenus, a good thing since49% of eaters globallydine at restaurants at least weekly, and most choose fast food fare.

Public health and environmental benefits of plant-based burgers are plentiful. Research funded by Beyond Meat and conducted by independent scientists at the University of Michigan found that its burger used 99 percent less water, 93 percent less land, and 46 percent less energy and produced 90 percent fewer greenhouse gas emissions compared to a beef burger; similar results were found in a study of the Impossible Burger. While no peer-reviewed studies are yet available, a significant body of evidencelike this report of 40,000 farms in 119 countries and covering 40 food products that represent 90 percent of all that is eatenshows significantly higher environmental impacts of meat production on land, water, and air compared to plants. While grass-fed beef can be more sustainable, its complicatedand hardly the panacea supporters claim it to be.

And dont forget about antibiotic resistance, among the biggest threats to global health driven largely bymisuse of medicinesin livestock production.

Whatever the individual motivation to select a plant-based burger, the secret sauce is clear: When food tech delivers taste and convenience, health and sustainability win.

Burger Bloviating: Push Back on Plant-Based Meat

As with many food tech innovations, some folks in nutrition and activist circles began disparaging plant burgers as yet another ultra-processed food that consumers dont need. However, there is considerable variation in nutritional quality across the four-categoryNOVA classification(unprocessed and minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, processed, ultra-processed). Andnumerous studiesincluding areportfrom several professional nutrition and food tech organizationsshow that (ultra-) processed foods like bread and canned goods are nutritionally beneficial; its thewhole dietthat matters.

Plus, beef burgers dont grow on trees; the industry employs an extensive set of ingredientsconsumers simply choose not to consider. A wide range ofadditives and preservativesand food processing methods were needed to get that cow ground up onto your bun, for instance, alongside atrocious conditions in industrial animal farming systems. And were you aware that meatpacking is among the most dangerous jobs in the world? The reality is that getting a burger to your table made from animals involves far more processing than one made with plants, facts its polystyrene package doesnt provide.

But is plant-based meat real food? The concept was popularized by journalist Michael Pollan, whose other pithy yet patronizing advice includes eat plants, not food made in plants. Food writer Mark Bittman recently opined, [w]e have to determine whether theyre actually food,likening plant-based burgers to Cheetos. (Seriously?) Other foodies jumped on the bandwagon, creatingnutrition confusionby preaching that meat from animals is inherently superior simply because its from an animal.

At the same time, some health professionals return to the dog-tired diet advice that consumers need to eat more vegetables and fruits, like fresh peas instead of burgers made from pea protein. Similarly, anivory-tower academiccalled plant-based burgers transitional en route to a whole foods diet, ignoring evidence that burgers can be part of a healthy diet, in moderationand are integral to American traditions.

Viewpoints like these reflect a lack of compassion for the realities most people face in just trying to get a meal on the table. They also undermine how difficult it is to change the way we eat, They also discount the vibrant role cuisine plays in culture and disregard the power of technology to meet food needs healthfully and sustainably.

For a Brighter Food Future, Vote With Your Fork

Addressing todays complex food challenges requires all the tools we have to curb climate change, address unsustainable and unjust practices in agriculture, and reduce diet-related chronic diseases. Though novel food technologies will always have haters, its a brave new world with a new generation of eaters.Millennials and Gen Zare highly motivated by health and sustainabilityand both are far more accepting offood technologythan previous generations. Scientific innovations like plant-based burgers will always play a role in shaping human diets,as they always haveand often for the better.

But lets not forget that a burger is a burger is a burgerand its especially tasty with all the fixins. (And fries. Obviously.) Most of us in high-income nations who strive to manage weight, stave off disease, and live longer are better off eating a vibrant salad loaded in fresh veggies, beans, and whole grains rather than a plant-based burger. At least, most of the time.

But you already know that, right?

So when that craving hits, grab a plant-based burger, and enjoy. Voting with your fork is a delicious way to support technologies that will help move forward the food revolution necessary to create a healthy and sustainable food future for all.

P.K. Newby, ScD, MPH, MS, is a nutrition scientist and author whose newest book is Food and Nutrition: What Everyone Needs to Know. Learn more about her at pknewby.com.

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Burger Wars: Beyond Nutrition Idealism and Junk-Science Rhetoric, the Benefits of Choosing Plant-Based are Clear - The Spoon

While it seems increasingly difficult to find a crew to delve into role playing games these days, they hold a special place for me.

Few gaming experiences have been as well-remembered as the first months of playing Dungeons & Dragons, and the pure combination of wonder and amazement that provided.

There have been other RPGs since then of course, and in most every case they have been fun because you become immersed in the world of the game, and the character you play becomes near and dear to you.

As a result I often look at RPGs on Kickstarter, and on one such excursion GeneFunk 2090 from CRISPR Monkey Studios.

There was some great art to the game that was advertising itself as a Biopunk RPG so I looked a little deeper.

That led to the biggest discovery, that the studio doing the game is based in Saskatoon, which made me curious to learn more.

To begin with the game is a biopunk/cyberpunk RPG and setting made using the D&D 5E Open Gaming License. Players take on the role of elite mercenaries that specialize in investigation and violence. No magic or fantasy, but tons of cybernetics, genetic enhancements, nanobots, drones, hacking, androids, high tech guns and armor, and other amazing tech, explains a quick intro on the successful Kickstarter page.

Comparisons of course are natural, and this one immediately had me thinking a game in the same vein as Shadowrun, a long-running RPG, many will know.

So next I contacted James Armstrong regarding the game he has been involved in creating, to find out some information first hand.

He said the game is certainly Biopunk on nature.

I love biology, and the idea of genetic engineering, he replied via email. I actually have a M.Sc. in molecular biology, partially because I was interested in understanding the science behind genetic modification.

Also, Ive always loved speculative fiction, especially of the biopunk variety, from Brave New World, to Cronenberg movies. While I first started this game in 2001, I can tell its only now that biopunk is starting to come into the zeitgeist. Theres currently a Netflix special on biohacking, Jaimie Metzl is on Joe Rogan speaking about his Hacking Darwin book, and CRISPR is part of school curricula.

Theres been an open niche for biopunk RPGs, especially near-future ones and I wanted to address that, and see where I could take it. Endogenous DNA computers, genetic enhancement, mind-hacking, transgenic beasts, and anything else I could think of.

Not surprisingly Armstrong comes at creating an RPG based on his own long held interest.

Ive been an RPG fan since I was in Grade 3, he said. It was the Dungeons and Dragons box sets, red and blue. My older brother brought them home and I was immediately fascinated by the art, and the idea that I could be a character in a fantasy story.

From there, it was the Marvel Super Heroes game, T.M.N.T, WEG Star Wars, and whatever else I could get my hands on! Ive made plenty of my own systems along the way as well.

So where did the germ of the idea for GeneFunk come from.

It was really a convergence of creative influences, and an open niche! I grew up reading the Eastman and Laird T.M.N.T. graphic novels and RPG, loved cyberpunk fiction of every kind, and felt the Gattaca movie was well ahead of its time, related Armstrong. I wanted to play in a world filled will genetically enhanced humans and ubiquitous biotechnology.

Armstrong went into the creative process with a vision.

Create a modern take on the cyberpunk genre using the 5e ruleset, with a biopunk twist, he said. While I love the 80s vision of cyberpunk, most cyberpunk games I see tend to fit into this mold. It could use some updating, some new spice!

Its now apparent that a great deal of human enhancement will be at the genetic level, not necessarily grafted-on chrome arms and robot bodies. I want to show how the world might look if that genetic enhancement started before birth, and how biologically specializing humans might affect society, (and) an informal genetic caste system that emerges from a global market economy.

I also wanted to make some of the cyberpunk tropes a little more fluid. Rather than an explicitly dystopian world, I wanted to showcase a series of double-edged swords. Not technological and capitalistic doom-and-gloom, but something more ambiguous, with some parts being wonderful, and other parts being nightmarish, depending on your perspective. There are pros to living in a technological wonderland. Who needs Huntingtons disease? Alienation due to a collapse of a common human condition? Yes. Ultimate expression of personal identity and diversity through a fluid human form? Also yes.

With such a vast vision to capture the game took years to develop 18-years in fact.

I started in 2001, said Armstrong. I have homebrew versions of it in 3.5e and 4e as well, but once 5e came out, I knew it fit with the mechanics well and I wanted to take it to the next level. Granted, many of those years only had very part-time development, I really kicked it into high-gear over the last three years.

So what was the most difficult aspect of designing the game?

Capturing the powerful nature of genetic enhancement at character creation, said Armstrong. I wanted a characters base genome to provide a great deal of mechanical influence, much more so than a D&D race does. Genetic enhancement is unambiguously superior in GeneFunk, and I needed the mechanics to capture that. As such, starting characters are more powerful than they are in D&D. Theyre not close to X-Men level or anything like that, but they certainly wont be spending level 1 killing boars.

But the game is more than fights and battles.

Asked what is the best element of the game Armstrong said the biohacking, and the great variety of different genomes and upgrades.

There are 42 genetic enhancements and 58 upgrades. Theres even a tool included for players and GMs to make their own genomes.

Being able to play a character with completely different abilities at level 1, each time you make a character, is great for replayability. Ive always loved the meta-game of making characters, Ive probably made 10 characters for every 1 Ive played, regardless of system.

Also, diversity is fun! D&D groups are often a hodge-podge of dragon born, tieflings, gnomes, and goliaths, even if a campaign world might describe these races as rare. I built it so that there is baked-in fluff to support the fact that youre a party of genetic weirdos, stylishly exotic appearances and all.

The vibrancy of a new game world, and the built in diversity of characters to play make GeneFunk a game well worth looking into. Like any RPG the experience of course is only partly dictated by the ruleset, the game master, the one guiding things much as the director of a stage performance, being at least equally important to the overall experience.

It will help to know the base rules of 5e, the most recent incarnation of D&D and one admittedly turned me off the game completely. While I think 5e homogenized D&D into a world of overpowered clones, in a different world setting the core rules can shine.

So check out GeneFunk, it may not be the setting for every taste, but it offers an interesting vision of a future which may be closer than we think.

Check it out via the GeneFunk 2090 page on Facebook.

See more here:
New RPG from Sask. creators - Yorkton This Week

Whether baked, mashed, fried, boiled, or steamed, potatoes are one of the most popular foods in the human diet.

Theyre rich in potassium and B vitamins, and the skin is a great source of fiber.

However, if you have diabetes, you may have heard that you should limit or avoid potatoes.

In fact, there are many misconceptions about what people with diabetes should and shouldnt eat. Many people assume that because potatoes are high in carbs, theyre off-limits if you have diabetes.

The truth is, people with diabetes can eat potatoes in many forms, but its important to understand the effect they have on blood sugar levels and the portion size thats appropriate.

This article tells you everything you need to know about potatoes and diabetes.

Like any other carb-containing food, potatoes increase blood sugar levels.

When you eat them, your body breaks down the carbs into simple sugars that move into your bloodstream. This is whats often called a spike in blood sugar levels (1).

The hormone insulin is then released into your blood to help transport the sugars into your cells so that they can be used for energy (1).

In people with diabetes, this process is not as effective. Instead of sugar moving out of the blood and into your cells, it remains in circulation, keeping blood sugar levels higher for longer.

Therefore, eating high-carb foods and/or large portions can be detrimental to people with diabetes.

In fact, poorly managed diabetes is linked to heart failure, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, amputation, and vision loss (2, 3, 4, 5, 6).

Therefore, its usually recommended that people with diabetes limit their digestible carb intake. This can range from a very low carb intake of 2050 grams per day to a moderate restriction of 100150 grams per day (7, 8, 9).

The exact amount varies depending on your dietary preferences and medical goals (9, 10).

Potatoes spike blood sugar levels as carbs are broken down into sugars and move into your bloodstream. In people with diabetes, the sugar isnt cleared properly, leading to higher blood sugar levels and potential health complications.

Potatoes are a high carb food. However, the carb content can vary depending on the cooking method.

Here is the carb count of 1/2 cup (7580 grams) of potatoes prepared in different ways (11):

Keep in mind that an average small potato (weighing 170 grams) contains about 30 grams of carbs and a large potato (weighing 369 grams) approximately 65 grams. Thus, you may eat more than double the number of carbs listed above in a single meal (12).

In comparison, a single piece of white bread contains about 14 grams of carbs, 1 small apple (weighing 149 grams) 20.6 grams, 1 cup (weighing 158 grams) of cooked rice 28 grams, and a 12-ounce (350-ml) can of cola 38.5 grams (13, 14, 15, 16).

The carb content of potatoes varies from 11.8 grams in 1/2 cup (75 grams) of diced raw potato to 36.5 grams in a similar serving size of french fries. However, the actual serving size of this popular root vegetable is often much larger than this.

A low GI diet can be an effective way for people with diabetes to manage blood sugar levels (17, 18, 19).

The glycemic index (GI) is a measure of how much a food raises blood sugar compared with a control, such as 3.5 ounces (100 grams) of white bread (1, 11).

Foods that have a GI greater than 70 are considered high GI, which means they raise blood sugar more quickly. On the other hand, foods with a GI of less than 55 are classed low (1, 11).

In general, potatoes have a medium to high GI (20).

However, the GI alone isnt the best representation of a foods effect on blood sugar levels, as it doesnt take into account portion size or cooking method. Instead, you can use the glycemic load (GL).

This is the GI multiplied by the actual number of carbs in a portion, divided by 100. A GL of less than 10 is low, while a GL greater than 20 is considered high. Generally, a low GI diet aims to keep the daily GL under 100 (11).

Both the GI and GL can vary by potato variety and cooking method.

For example, a 1 cup (150 gram) serving of potato may be high, medium, or low GL depending on the variety (11, 20):

If you have diabetes, choosing varieties like Carisma and Nicola is a better option to slow the rise of blood sugar levels after eating potatoes.

You can check the GI and GL of different types of potatoes through this website.

The way a potato is prepared also affects the GI and GL. This is because cooking changes the structure of the starches and thus how fast theyre absorbed into your bloodstream.

In general, the longer a potato is cooked the higher the GI. Therefore, boiling or baking for long periods tends to increase the GI.

Yet, cooling potatoes after cooking can increases the amount of resistant starch, which is a less digestible form of carbs. This helps lower the GI by 2528% (21, 22).

This means that a side of potato salad may be slightly better than french fries or hot baked potatoes if you have diabetes. French fries also pack more calories and fat due to their cooking method.

Additionally, you can lower the GI and GL of a meal by leaving the skins on for extra fiber, adding lemon juice or vinegar, or eating mixed meals with protein and fats as this helps slow the digestion of carbs and the rise in blood sugar levels (23).

For example, adding 4.2 ounces (120 grams) of cheese to a 10.2 ounce (290 gram) baked potato lowers the GL from 93 to 39 (24).

Keep in mind that this much cheese also contains 42 grams of fat and will add nearly 400 calories to the meal.

As such, its still necessary to consider the overall number of carbs and the quality of the diet, not just the GI or GL. If controlling weight is one of your goals, your total calorie intake is also important.

A low GI and GL diet can be beneficial for people with diabetes. Potatoes tend to have a medium to high GI and GL, but cooled cooked potatoes, as well as varieties like Carisma and Nicola, are lower and make a better choice for people with diabetes.

Although its safe for most people with diabetes to eat potatoes, its important to consider the amount and types you consume.

Eating potatoes both increases your risk of type 2 diabetes and may have negative effects on people with existing diabetes.

One study in 70,773 people found that for every 3 servings per week of boiled, mashed, or baked potatoes, there was a 4% increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes and for french fries, the risk increased to 19% (25).

Additionally, fried potatoes and potato chips contain high amounts of unhealthy fats that may increase blood pressure, lower HDL (good) cholesterol, and lead to weight gain and obesity all of which are associated with heart disease (26, 27, 28, 29).

This is particularly dangerous for people with diabetes, who often already have an increased risk of heart disease (30).

Fried potatoes are also higher in calories, which can contribute to unwanted weight gain (27, 29, 31).

People with type 2 diabetes are often encouraged to maintain a healthy weight or lose weight to help manage blood sugar and reduce the risk of complications (32).

Therefore, french fries, potato chips, and other potato dishes that use large amounts of fats are best avoided.

If youre having trouble managing your blood sugar levels and diet, speak with a healthcare provider, dietitian, or diabetes educator.

Eating unhealthy potato foods, such as chips and french fries, increases your risk of type 2 diabetes and complications, such as heart disease and obesity.

Although you can eat potatoes if you have diabetes, you may still want to limit them or replace them with healthier options.

Look for high fiber, lower carb, and low GI and GL foods like the following (33):

Another good way to avoid large portions of high carb foods is to fill at least half of your plate with non-starchy vegetables, such as broccoli, leafy greens, cauliflower, peppers, green beans, tomatoes, asparagus, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cucumbers, and lettuce.

Lower carb replacements for potato include carrots, pumpkin, squash, parsnip, and taro. High carb but lower GI and GL options include sweet potato, legumes, and lentils.

Potatoes are a versatile and delicious vegetable that can be enjoyed by everyone, including people with diabetes.

However, because of their high carb content, you should limit portion sizes, always eat the skin, and choose low GI varieties, such as Carisma and Nicola.

In addition, its best to stick with boiling, baking, or steaming and avoid fried potatoes or potato chips, which are high in calories and unhealthy fats.

If youre struggling to make healthy choices to manage your diabetes, consult your healthcare provider, dietitian, or diabetes educator.

Read more:
Potatoes and Diabetes: Safety, Risks, and Alternatives - Healthline

Media Advisory

Friday, February 14, 2020

The longer a woman with gestational, or pregnancy-related, diabetes breastfeeds her infant, the lower her risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life, suggests an analysis by researchers at the National Institutes of Health and other institutions. The study was conducted by Cuilin Zhang, M.D., Ph.D., of NIHs Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and colleagues. It appears in Diabetes Care.

In addition to health risks for mothers and babies, gestational diabetes increases the risk for type 2 diabetes 10 to 20 years after pregnancy. Type 2 diabetes increases the risk for heart disease, stroke and other health problems.

The researchers analyzed data from the Nurses Health Study II, a long-term study of risk factors for chronic diseases in women. Of more than 4,000 women in the study who had gestational diabetes, 873 developed type 2 diabetes over the course of 25 years. Compared to women with gestational diabetes who had not breastfed, those who breastfed for six to 12 months were 9% less likely to develop type 2 diabetes, those who breastfed for one to two years were 15% less likely, and those who breastfed for more than two years were 27% less likely.

The researchers suggested that clinicians may want to encourage patients with gestational diabetes to breastfeed if they are able to, to potentially reduce their type 2 diabetes risk.

The analysis was funded by NICHD with additional support from NIHs National Institute of General Medical Sciences.

The studys senior author, Cuilin Zhang, M.D., Ph.D., of the NICHD Epidemiology Branch, is available for comment.

Ley, SH. Lactation duration and long-term risk for incident type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2019. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2237.

About the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD): NICHD leads research and training to understand human development, improve reproductive health, enhance the lives of children and adolescents, and optimize abilities for all. For more information, visit https://www.nichd.nih.gov.

About the National Institutes of Health (NIH):NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit http://www.nih.gov.

NIHTurning Discovery Into Health

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Breastfeeding may reduce type 2 diabetes risk among women with gestational diabetes - National Institutes of Health

In a surprising study, Oregon State University researchers found that no matter how much stress they placed on mice from either a high-fat diet or strenuous exercise, the animals mitochondria were able to adapt and continue their normal processes.

The findings could have major implications for the study of diseases like diabetes, Parkinsons and Alzheimers, all of which are associated with an impairment in the breaking-down and clearance of damaged mitochondria.

Mitochondria are the structures that house cellular respiration, the process used to turn nutrients into energy. Dysfunction in mitochondria may lead to lower energy production, greater inflammation and tissue damage. Yet as central as mitochondria are to living organisms, scientists still dont know exactly what keeps them healthy or makes them unhealthy.

This study fits another piece into the puzzle, said OSU College of Public Health and Human Sciences researcher Matt Robinson, who co-authored the paper published last week in the FASEB Journal with Ph.D. student Sarah Ehrlicher.

It helps lay some future groundwork for how we can optimize (muscle and mitochondrial) health, to promote their health with diseases like obesity, diabetes, even some implications with aging conditions that we know have compromised mitochondria, Robinson said. This might provide some new pathways for how to improve the mitochondria and restore them.

The study looked at a specific pathway, called autophagy, through which cells recycle old mitochondria. Autophagy is thought to be impaired by a high-fat diet but activated by exercise. So Ehrlicher and Robinson intentionally blocked exercise-induced autophagy in the mice for a period of time, but continued exercising the mice.

They found that blocking a specific pathway to activate autophagy had no negative effect on mitochondrial function in the muscle of the mice.

Next they tried upping the ante, adding a high-fat diet alongside the exercise to further stress the mitochondria. And again, the mice were able to improve their mitochondrial function even without the autophagy pathway, Ehrlicher said, which shows that mitochondria have alternative pathways to stimulate recycling and adaptation.

She and Robinson were surprised by how adaptable the mitochondria seemed to be.

If these animals were given a high-fat diet, they got better at burning off those fats. If they were given just the exercise, they were able to make more mitochondria, which is good from an exercise perspective, Robinson said. And those adaptations seem to be very specific.

Future research will extend to human subjects, looking at how autophagy responds to diet and exercise in people, particularly those with obesity and diabetes.

While weight is a major risk factor for diabetes, research has shown that exercise is one of the strongest ways to help prevent or reverse development of the disease.

Even without changes in weight, exercise has this amazing ability to improve metabolic health, Ehrlicher said.

Even single sessions of exercise improve metabolism if a person is obese and, over time, can promote health.

With the current study as well as past research, Robinson and Ehrlicher have found that obese mice respond normally to nutrition and exercise, leading the researchers to conclude that there is no overt dysfunction or broken pathway; the muscle is just responding to the stimuli it is given, whether from diet or exercise.

The rest is here:
Mitochondria study could help boost understanding of diabetes and aging - The News Guard

Close to 10% of the U.S. population, around 30.3 million people, have diabetes. A new treatment delivery system created by bioengineers at the University of North Carolina and theUniversity of California, Los Angeles could help make life easier for them via a smart insulin patch thats about the size of a quarter. All a patient would need to use it would be to slap on a new patch at the start of the day, after which it would monitor and manage glucose levels for the next 24 hours.

It is smart and simple, which means it could help enhance the health and quality of life for people with diabetes, Zhen Gu, the study leader and a professor of bioengineering at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering, told Digital Trends. It is a smart glucose-responsive insulin release device because it can respond to high blood sugar levels and release only the necessary insulin dosage, thus reducing the risk of hypoglycemia. This is a small and disposable device, so it is very simple and convenient to use; one can remove the patch any time to stop the administration of insulin.

The glucose-monitoring adhesive patch is covered in tiny microneedles, each one less than a millimeter in length. They are made from a glucose-sensing polymer and come pre-loaded with insulin. When the patch is applied, the microneedles penetrate the skin and start measuring blood sugar levels. If the glucose levels increase, the polymer triggers the release of insulin. At the point at which levels return to normal, the patchs insulin delivery also slows down. While this approach still involves pricking the patient with a needle, these needles are much smaller than regular needles. As a result, the patch is less painful than an ordinary injection.

So far, the patch has been successful in studies involving pigs. The researchers were able to use it to successfully control the glucose levels in these animals, which had Type I diabetes, for around 20 hours. Next, the researchers are hoping to progress to further trials, with the goal of commercializing their technology.

This patch has already been accepted by FDAs emerging technology programs for clinical trial applications, Gu said.

A paper describing the research was recently published in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering.

Read more here:
Smart microneedle insulin patch could make it easier to treat diabetes - Digital Trends