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Cohen Veterans Bioscience and Parexel Biotech Collaborate on Landmark Adaptive Platform Trial Studying Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)…

November 13th, 2019 6:52 am

NEW YORK, Nov. 11, 2019 /PRNewswire/ --Cohen Veterans Bioscience (CVB), a nonprofit research organization dedicated to fast-tracking personalized diagnostics and therapeutics for brain health, today announced its strategic collaboration with Parexel Biotech, a new division of Parexel, for CVB's adaptive platform trial evaluating pharmacotherapeutics to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Parexel Biotech will provide clinical trial implementation services over a multi-year period beginning in October 2019. "We are delighted to be part of this important adaptive platform trial exploring a precision medicine approach for the treatment of PTSD," says Parexel CEO Jamie Macdonald. "We look forward to partnering with CVB on this innovative trial design in the brain disorders arena and to contributing to this important new therapy, which has significant potential to benefit patients."

In September 2018, CVB was granted a research award by Advanced Technology International (MTEC Consortium Manager) on behalf of the U.S. Army Medical Research Development Command (MRDC). The award is for a 3.5-year clinical trial to test the efficacy and safety of pharmaco-therapeutics for PTSD via a well-powered adaptive platform trial (APT). CVB will lead this program and serve as the Clinical Coordinating Center (CCC), establishing a clinical trial infrastructure operating within the trial's governance structure. A government Joint Steering Committee (JSC) is a part of the governance structure and includes representatives from the Veterans Health Administration (VA), the National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Defense Health Agency's Psychological Health Center of Excellence. For more information read the press release here.

This Phase 2 adaptive clinical trial is scheduled to start in the Fall of 2020 and during the period of performance, at least two active drugs (pending selection) will be evaluated. Biological measurements will be incorporated to support a precision medicine approach to PTSD treatment. A goal of this trial is to identify a drug to advance to Phase 3 testing starting in 2022, and ultimately lead to an additional FDA-approved drug for the treatment of PTSD.

Parexel Biotech is Parexel's dedicated division to support emerging biotech companies in reaching their drug development and commercialization goals quickly and cost-effectively, building on the Company's heritage of clinical, regulatory, commercial and technology expertise with enhanced strategic consulting and asset development capabilities.

"In our selection of Parexel Biotech to conduct this program, which has far-reaching implications for the field, we focused on their world-class reputation, proven track record of delivery and highly-flexible partnership approach," says Magali Haas, CEO & President of Cohen Veterans Bioscience.

About Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) PTSD is a mental health condition that some people develop after experiencing or witnessing a violent or life-threatening event, such as combat, natural disaster, terrorist attack, or sexual assault. Symptoms of PTSD can include reliving the event or having flashbacks; avoiding situations that trigger the memories; losing interest in activities or feelings of fear, guilt, or shame; feeling anxious or always on alert for danger. PTSD affects about 8.6 million American adults each year and is the fifth most prevalent mental disorder in the United States. Overall prevalence rates among veterans of different conflicts range from 10-30% (OEF/OIF/OND/Gulf War/Vietnam).

The only approved medications for the treatment of PTSD are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil) approved nearly 20 years ago.

The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) 2017 Consensus Statement of the PTSD Psychopharmacology Working Group concluded that there is a deficient pipeline of new PTSD medications and an assessment of recent trial failures has generated concerns about how to best identify new targets for medication development and optimally design clinical studies. In a highly heterogeneous patient population such as PTSD, the availability of validated biomarkers or companion diagnostics would allow clinicians to predict the likelihood that a given patient would respond to a given therapeutic, enabling individualized medicine for these conditions. No biomarkers have been qualified nor cleared as companion diagnostics for PTSD by the FDA.

CVB will be spearheading the design and application of "Smart-" or "Adaptive-" clinical trials for PTSD. These studies include a prospectively planned opportunity for modification of one or more specified aspects of the study design based on data (usually interim data) collected from subjects in the study. To execute such a program, a centrally-managed platform clinical trial infrastructure will be established, potentially including academic, private, VA, and military research centers.

About Cohen Veterans BioscienceCohen Veterans Bioscience is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) research organization dedicated to fasttracking the development of diagnostic tests and personalized therapeutics for the millions of veterans and civilians who suffer the devastating effects of trauma-related and other brain disorders. We are creating a paradigm shift in how we approach and treat brain health by utilizing cutting-edge technologies to establish enabling platforms and implementing our end-to-end catalytic operating model in translational science, clinical programs, data science, and digital health to advance personalized and precision medicine. To support & learn more about our research efforts, visit http://www.cohenveteransbioscience.org.

About Parexel Parexel is focused on supporting the development of innovative new therapies to improve patient health. We do this through a suite of services that help life science, biopharmaceutical and biotech customers across the globe transform scientific discoveries into new treatments for patients. From clinical trials to regulatory and consulting services to commercial and market access, our therapeutic, technical and functional ability is underpinned by a deep conviction in what we do. For more information, visit our website and follow us on LinkedIn, Twitter and Instagram.

Parexel is a registered trademark of Parexel International Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Media Inquiries: Cohen Veterans Bioscience Nicole Harmon media@cohenbio.org

Parexel Wendy Ryan Tel.: +1 781-434-5104 Email: Wendy.Ryan@parexel.com

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SOURCE Cohen Veterans Bioscience

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Oncology Venture advancing towards next milestone in its clinical development of 2X-121. – GlobeNewswire

November 13th, 2019 6:52 am

Company News

Hrsholm, Denmark (12 November 2019) Oncology Venture A/S (OV or the Company) today announced an update on the progress of its ongoing U.S. Phase 2 clinical trial for its PARP inhibitor, 2X-121, for the treatment of ovarian cancer, sited at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, MA, U.S.A.).

The cancer drug 2X-121 (formerly E7449) is a small molecule, targeted inhibitor of Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP), a key DNA damage repair enzyme active in cancer cells, which was originally developed by the pharmaceutical company Eisai. The company has recently announced this drug as one of its top priority programs.

2X-121 is currently being evaluated for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer in a DRP-guided Phase 2 clinical trial at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, MA U.S.A.). Thus far, 8 patients are enrolled in the study, with ongoing enrollment towards a target of 30 patients. The Company is opening a second trial site, at Guys Hospital (London, UK) to accelerate patient accrual to the trial. Guys Hospital was the site of the prior Phase 1 study of 2X-121 under sponsorship by Eisai. Through use of DRP patient selection, OV aims to provide a superior clinical benefit, to ovarian cancer patients receiving 2X-121, as compared to other approved PARP inhibitors. The global PARP inhibitor market is projected to reach USD 9 billion by 2027 in ovarian cancer.

Steve R. Carchedi, CEO of Oncology Venture, commented We are excited to announce the ongoing progress of our key Phase 2 clinical trial for 2X-121 at one of the worlds leading cancer and personalized medicine centers. The approval and use of PARP inhibitors for the treatment of a variety of cancers is an exciting area that is rapidly expanding, and we are confident our Phase 2 study will prove the merits of our drug, together with its DRP companion diagnostic, as we advance towards approval and commercialization of this priority asset in our pipeline.

For further information, please contact:

About Oncology Venture A/SOncology Venture A/S is engaged in the clinical development towards commercialization of anti-cancer drugs in a precision medicine approach utilizing a proprietary Drug Response Predictor (DRP) platform technology to significantly increase the probability of success in clinical trials and the improvement of patient outcomes. DRP is a best-in-class predictive biomarker (companion diagnostic) technology that has proven its ability to provide a statistically significant prediction of the clinical outcome from drug treatment in cancer patients in nearly 40 clinical studies that were examined, and is currently demonstrating promising prospective results in an ongoing phase 2 study of LiPlaCis for metastatic breast cancer. DRP enables the selection and treatment of highly likely responder patients to a given cancer drug, thus substantially increasing the likelihood of clinical trial success and improved patient outcomes, as compared with traditional pharmaceutical development. DRP enables selection of a more well-defined patient group, leading to decreased risks and costs while the development process becomes more efficient, and patient outcomes become improved.

The current OV product portfolio includes seven cancer drugs: 2X-121 -- a PARP inhibitor in an ongoing Phase 2 for ovarian cancer; Dovitinib -- a post Phase 3 product, being prepared for a US NDA approval filing in renal cell carcinoma (RCC); IXEMPRA (Ixabepilone) an approved and marketed (U.S.) microtubule inhibitor being advanced for Phase 2 development (in EU) for treatment of breast cancer; LiPlaCis -- a liposomal formulation of cisplatin in an ongoing Phase 2 trial for breast cancer 2X-111 a targeted, liposomal formulation of doxorubicin staged for Phase 2 development for the treatment of brain metastases of breast cancer; Irofulven a DNA damaging agent in an ongoing Phase 2 trial in prostate cancer; and APO010 - an immuno-oncology product staged for Phase 2 development for the treatment of multiple myeloma. The Companys current priority program focus is for advancement of 2X-121, IXEMPRA, and Dovitinib.

Learn more at oncologyventure.com

Follow us on social media:Facebook:https://www.facebook.com/oncologyventure/LinkedIn:https://www.linkedin.com/company/oncology-venture/Twitter:https://twitter.com/OncologyVenture

Forward-looking statementsThis announcement includes forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are outside of OVs control and which could cause actual results to differ materially from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning OVs plans, objectives, goals, future events, performance and/or other information that is not historical information. All such forward-looking statements are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements and any other cautionary statements which may accompany the forward-looking statements. OV undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances after the date made, except as required by law.

Certified Adviser: Svensk Kapitalmarknadsgranskning AB, Email: ca@skmg.se. Tel: +46 11 32 30 732

This information is information that Oncology Venture A/S is obliged to make public pursuant to the EU Market Abuse Regulation. The information was submitted for publication on November 12, 2019.

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Oncology Venture advancing towards next milestone in its clinical development of 2X-121. - GlobeNewswire

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Google and Ascension Partners on ‘Project Nightingale’ to Collect Healthcare Data in US – News Obtain

November 13th, 2019 6:52 am

Google is involved with one of the U.S.s major healthcare systems on a venture to collect and crunch the comprehensive personal-health information of millions of people within 21 states. The project between Google and Ascension (the countrys second-largest hospital system) announced the data collection is for the improvement of medical services. The collaboration, code-named Project Nightingale, began in secret last year, according to the reports.

The Catholic, non-profit has more than 34,000 providers and operates in 20 states and District of Columbia with 150 hospitals running all over these states. Under the agreement, Ascension patients data is eventually uploaded to Googles cloud computing platform. The publication adds that as many as 150 Google staff may have had access to the data and that some could have downloaded it.

The collaboration will give Google access to datasets that could help it tune its potentially beneficial artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Ascension said in a statement the agreement would also explore artificial intelligence and machine learning applications to help improve clinical effectiveness, along with patient safety. Many called for an instant change to privacy laws after Google Ascension partnership, the healthcare business it has combined with, boasted that the venture is completely legal.

Dr. Robert Epstein, an author, medical researcher and former editor-in-chief at Psychology Today, summed up the mood when he tweeted: You cant make this s*** up. #BeAfraid. At the time of the acquisition, many of the companys 28million users announced they were throwing their devices away for fear of Google getting its hands on potentially sensitive medical information. The company formerly had hyped smaller healthcare clients, such as the Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine.

The Google Cloud CEO, Thomas Kurian, has made it a main concern in his first year on the job to relentlessly chase business from leaders in six industries, including healthcare. Google recently announced plans to buy Fitbit Inc. for $2.1bn, aiming to enter the wearables market and invest in digital health.

Link:
Google and Ascension Partners on 'Project Nightingale' to Collect Healthcare Data in US - News Obtain

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The PATH Statement – Annals of Internal Medicine

November 13th, 2019 6:52 am

Predictive Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness (PACE) Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (D.M.K., J.K.P., J.B.W.)

Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, and Predictive Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness (PACE) Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (D.V.)

Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (R.D.)

Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California (S.G., J.P.I.)

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (R.H.)

Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (B.P., M.P.)

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia (S.M.)

Center for Clinical Evidence Synthesis, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (G.R.)

Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (J.S.R.)

Center for Cardiovascular Health Services Research, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, and Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston, Massachusetts (H.P.S.)

Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (R.V.)

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (A.V.)

Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (E.W.S.)

Disclaimer: The views, statements, and opinions presented in this work are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), its Board of Governors, or its Methodology Committee.

Acknowledgment: The authors thank Mark Adkins, Teddy Balan, and Dan Sjoberg for excellent technical support in analyses included in the figures and supporting appendix tables. They also thank the Annals of Internal Medicine editors and reviewers, whose thoughtful feedback greatly improved this work. They thank Jennifer Lutz and Christine Lundquist for assistance with copyediting and creating exhibits.

Financial Support: Development of the PATH Statement was supported through contract SA.Tufts.PARC.OSCO.2018.01.25 from the PCORI Predictive Analytics Resource Center. This work was also informed by a 2018 conference (Evidence and the Individual Patient: Understanding Heterogeneous Treatment Effects for Patient-Centered Care) convened by the National Academy of Medicine and funded through a PCORI Eugene Washington Engagement Award (1900-TMC).

Disclosures: Dr. Kent reports grants from PCORI during the conduct of the study. Dr. Hayward reports grants from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service during the conduct of the study. Dr. Pencina reports grants from PCORI (Tufts Subaward) during the conduct of the study; grants from Sanofi/Regeneron, Amgen, and Bristol-Myers Squibb outside the submitted work; and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and Merck outside the submitted work. Dr. Ross reports personal fees from PCORI during the conduct of the study and grants from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Medtronic, Johnson & Johnson, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Blue Cross Blue Shield Association, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the National Institutes of Health (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute), and Laura and John Arnold Foundation outside the submitted work. Dr. Varadhan reports personal fees from Tufts University during the conduct of the study. Dr. Vickers reports grants from the National Institutes of Health during the conduct of the study. Dr. Wong reports grants from PCORI during the conduct of the study. Dr. Steyerberg reports royalties from Springer for his book Clinical Prediction Models. Authors not named here have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Disclosures can also be viewed at http://www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M18-3667.

Corresponding Author: David M. Kent, MD, MS, Predictive Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness (PACE) Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 63, Boston, MA 02111; e-mail, dkent1@tuftsmedicalcenter.org.

Current Author Addresses: Drs. Kent, Paulus, Raman, and Selker: Predictive Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness (PACE) Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Box 63, Boston, MA 02111.

Dr. van Klaveren: Erasmus University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Dr. D'Agostino: Boston University Mathematics and Statistics Department, 111 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215.

Dr. Goodman: Stanford University School of Medicine, 150 Governor's Lane, Room T265, Stanford, CA 94305.

Dr. Hayward: VA Ann Arbor Health Services Research and Development, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 14, G100-36, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.

Dr. Ioannidis: Stanford Prevention Research Center, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305.

Ms. Patrick-Lake: Evidation Health, 167 2nd Avenue, San Mateo, CA 94401.

Dr. Morton: Virginia Tech, North End Center Suite 4300, 300 Turner Street NW, Blacksburg, VA 24061.

Dr. Pencina: Duke Clinical Research Institute, 200 Trent Street, Durham, NC 27710.

Dr. Ross: Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208093, New Haven, CT 06520.

Dr. Varadhan: Johns Hopkins University, Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, 550 North Broadway, Suite 1103-A, Baltimore, MD 21205.

Dr. Vickers: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 485 Lexington Avenue, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10017.

Dr. Wong: Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street #302, Boston, MA 02111.

Dr. Steyerberg: Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3055 PC Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Author Contributions: Conception and design: D.M. Kent, J.K. Paulus, R. Hayward, J.P.A. Ioannidis, J.S. Ross, A. Vickers, J.B. Wong, E.W. Steyerberg.

Analysis and interpretation of the data: D.M. Kent, J.K. Paulus, R. D'Agostino, R. Hayward, J.P.A. Ioannidis, J.B. Wong, E.W. Steyerberg.

Drafting of the article: D.M. Kent, J.K. Paulus, R. D'Agostino, A. Vickers, J.B. Wong.

Critical revision of the article for important intellectual content: D.M. Kent, J.K. Paulus, D. van Klaveren, R. D'Agostino, R. Hayward, J.P.A. Ioannidis, S. Morton, M. Pencina, G. Raman, J.S. Ross, R. Varadhan, A. Vickers, J.B. Wong, E.W. Steyerberg.

Final approval of the article: D.M. Kent, J.K. Paulus, D. van Klaveren, R. D'Agostino, S. Goodman, R. Hayward, J.P.A. Ioannidis, B. Patrick-Lake, S. Morton, M. Pencina, G. Raman, J.S. Ross, H.P. Selker, R. Varadhan, A. Vickers, J.B. Wong, E.W. Steyerberg.

Provision of study materials or patients: D.M. Kent, J.B. Wong.

Statistical expertise: D.M. Kent, D. van Klaveren, R. D'Agostino, R. Hayward, J.P.A. Ioannidis, S. Morton, R. Varadhan, A. Vickers, J.B. Wong, E.W. Steyerberg.

Obtaining of funding: D.M. Kent, J.K. Paulus, J.B. Wong.

Administrative, technical, or logistic support: D.M. Kent, J.K. Paulus, G. Raman, H.P. Selker, J.B. Wong.

Collection and assembly of data: D.M. Kent, J.K. Paulus, G. Raman, J.B. Wong.

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The PATH Statement - Annals of Internal Medicine

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Oct4, Considered Vital for Creating iPSCs, Actually Isnt Needed – The Scientist

November 13th, 2019 6:51 am

Since 2006, when Shinya Yamanaka, now the director of the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application at Kyoto University, discovered a method that could guide fully differentiated cells back to their pluripotent state, scientists have been using his recipe to produce induced pluripotent stem cells. The protocol relies on overexpressing the so-called Yamanaka factors, which are four transcription factors: Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and cMyc (OSKM). While the technique reliably creates iPS cells, it can cause unintended effects, some of which can lead to cells to become cancerous. So researchers have worked to adjust the cocktail and understand the function of each factor.

No one had succeeded in creating iPS cells without forcing the overexpression of Oct4. It was thought that this was the most crucial factor of the four. At least until now.

If this works in adult human cells, it will be a huge advantage for the clinical applications of iPS cells.

Shinya Yamanaka, Kyoto University

Four years ago, Sergiy Velychko, a graduate student at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine in Hans Schlers lab, and his team were studying the role of Oct4 in creating iPS cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts. He used vectors to introduce various mutations of the gene coding for Oct4 to the cells he was studying, along with a negative controlone that didnt deliver any Oct4. He was shocked to discover that even using his negative control, he was able to generate iPS cells.

Velychkos experiment was suggesting that it is possible to develop iPS cells with only SKM.

We just wanted to publish this observation, Velychko tells The Scientist, but he knew hed need to replicate it first because reviewers wouldnt believe it.

He and his colleagues, including Guangming Wu, a senior scientist in the lab, repeated the experiment several times, engineering vectors with different combinations of the four factors. SKMthe combination that didnt include Oct4was able to induce pluripotency in the cells with about 30 percent of the efficiency of OSKM, but the cells were of higher quality, meaning that the researchers didnt see evidence of common off-target epigenetic effects. They reported their results yesterday (November 7) in Cell Stem Cell.

Efficiency is not important. Efficiency means how many colonies do you get, explains Yossi Buganim, a stem cell researcher at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, who was not involved in the study. If the colony is of low quality, the chances that eventually the differentiated cells will become cancerous is very high.

Finally, the team employed the ultimate test, the tetraploid complementation assay, in which iPS cells are aggregated with early embryos that otherwise would not have been able to form a fully functional embryo on their own. These embryos grew into mouse pups, meaning that the iPS cells the team created were capable of maturing into every type of cell in the animal.

Whats more is they found that the SKM iPS cells could develop into normal mouse pups 20 times more often than the OSKM iPS cells, suggesting that the pluripotency of iPS cells can be greatly improved by omitting Oct4 from the reprogramming factor cocktail.

The results will need to be verified in human cells, Buganim cautions. His team has developed methods for creating iPSCs that worked well in mouse cells only to be completely ineffective in humans.

Yamanaka himself was enthusiastic about the results, telling The Scientist in an email that his team would definitely try the method in other cell types, especially adult human blood cells and skin fibroblasts. If this works in adult human cells, it will be a huge advantage for the clinical applications of iPS cells.

S.Velychkoet al.,Excluding Oct4 from Yamanaka cocktail unleashes the developmental potential of iPSCs,Cell Stem Cell,doi:10.1016/j.stem.2019.10.002,2019.

Emma Yasinski is a Florida-based freelance reporter. Follow her on Twitter@EmmaYas24.

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Oct4, Considered Vital for Creating iPSCs, Actually Isnt Needed - The Scientist

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Marker Therapeutics Reports Third Quarter 2019 Operating and Financial Results – P&T Community

November 13th, 2019 6:51 am

HOUSTON, Nov. 12, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Marker Therapeutics, Inc.(Nasdaq:MRKR), a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company specializing in the development of next-generation T cell-based immunotherapies for the treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumor indications, today provided a corporate update and reported financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2019.

"We continue to make progress in advancing our next-generation T-cell based immunotherapies for the treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumors," said Peter L. Hoang, President and CEO of Marker Therapeutics. "Our partner-sponsored MultiTAA T-cell therapy trials at the Baylor College of Medicine continue to show promising results. In addition, we continue to expand our team and build out our infrastructure to support future Marker-sponsored clinical trials. We expect the next 12 to 18 months to be an exciting and productive time for our Company."

Continued Mr. Hoang: "We recently filed an Investigational New Drug (IND) application with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for our MultiTAA T-cell therapy as part of a planned Marker Phase 2 study in post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients with acute myeloid leukemia in both the adjuvant and active disease setting. The FDA reviewed our submission and requested additional information regarding certain quality and technical specifications for two reagents supplied by third party vendors that are used in our manufacturing process. Because the FDA requires these data in order to clear the IND, the Marker AML trial has been placed on clinical hold until our complete response to the technical questions is satisfactory to the FDA. While these reagents are not present in the final product, we worked with respective manufacturers of these reagents to satisfy the FDA's questions and subsequently submitted a complete response to the FDA in late October. We currently project to initiate our Phase 2 trial in 2020 and look forward to providing an update on our clinical path forward upon receiving the FDA's feedback."

PROGRAM UPDATES

Multi-Antigen Targeted (MultiTAA) T-Cell Therapies

Marker Submits Response to FDA Clinical Hold on AML Trial The Company worked with regulatory and quality groups at the respective manufacturers to address the FDA's request and submitted a complete response to the issues raised by the FDA on October 28, 2019. The FDA will respond within 30 daysafter receiving Marker's complete response, indicating whether the hold is lifted and, if not, specifying the reasons the clinical trial remains on hold.Marker expects to initiate its Phase 2 clinical trial of MultiTAA therapy for the treatment of post-transplant AML in 2020.

T Cell-Based Vaccines

Phase 2 Triple Negative Breast Cancer Trial ProgressingMarker continues to advance its T cell-based vaccine program in triple negative breast cancer. To date, results have shown:

Phase 2 Platinum-Sensitive Advanced Ovarian Cancer Trial Update Marker will be discontinuing the development of TPIV200 in patients with platinum-sensitive advanced ovarian cancer based on an unblinded review of interim results from its Phase 2 study conducted by an independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB). Although the DSMB did not express any safety concerns with respect to TPIV200, Marker has elected to suspend the trial because it did not meet the threshold for probability of success based upon the Company's pre-specified criteria. Pending full review of the data, Marker anticipates closing the trial in the first quarter of 2020.

CORPORATE UPDATES

THIRD QUARTER 2019 FINANCIAL RESULTS

Net loss for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 was $5.5 million, compared to a net loss of $4.4 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2018.

Research and development expenses during the three months ended September 30, 2019 were $3.1 million, compared to $1.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018. The increase of $1.2 million was primarily attributable to increases in personnel-related expenses, relating to the build-up of Marker's internal infrastructure.

General and administrative expenses were $2.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to $2.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease was primarily attributable to $0.6 million of merger-related expenses incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2018, offset by increased expenses in headcount-related and legal and other professional expenses.

CASH POSITION AND GUIDANCE

At September 30, 2019, Marker had cash and cash equivalents of $48.5 million. The Company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents will fund its current operations through at least the fourth quarter of 2020.

Conference Call and Webcast

The Company will host a webcast and conference call to discuss its third quarter 2019 financial results and provide an update on recent corporate activities today at 5:00 p.m. EST.

The webcast will be accessible in the Investors section of the Company's website at http://www.markertherapeutics.com. Individuals can participate in the conference call by dialing 877-407-8913 (domestic) or 201-689-8201 (international) and referring to the "Marker Therapeutics Third Quarter 2019 Earnings Call."

The archived webcast will be available for replay on the Marker website following the event.

About Marker Therapeutics, Inc.Marker Therapeutics, Inc. is a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company specializing in the development of next-generation T cell-based immunotherapies for the treatment of hematological malignancies and solid tumor indications. Marker's cell therapy technology is based on the selective expansion of non-engineered, tumor-specific T cells that recognize tumor associated antigens (i.e. tumor targets) and kill tumor cells expressing those targets. This population of T cells is designed to attack multiple tumor targets following infusion into patients and to activate the patient's immune system to produce broad spectrum anti-tumor activity. Because Marker does not genetically engineer its T cell therapies, we believe that our product candidates will be easier and less expensive to manufacture, with reduced toxicities, compared to current engineered CAR-T and TCR-based approaches, and may provide patients with meaningful clinical benefit. As a result, Marker believes its portfolio of T cell therapies has a compelling product profile, as compared to current gene-modified CAR-T and TCR-based therapies.

Marker is also advancing a number of innovative peptide and gene-based immuno-therapeutics for the treatment of metastatic solid tumors, including the Folate Receptor Alpha program (TPIV200) for breast cancer and the HER2/neu program (TPIV100/110) for breast cancer, currently in Phase 2 clinical trials.

To receive future press releases via email, please visit:https://www.markertherapeutics.com/email-alerts/

Forward-Looking Statement DisclaimerThis release contains forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements in this news release concerning the Company's expectations, plans, business outlook or future performance, and any other statements concerning assumptions made or expectations as to any future events, conditions, performance or other matters, are "forward-looking statements." Forward-looking statements include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations concerning, among other things: our research, development and regulatory activities and expectations relating to our non-engineered multi-tumor antigen specific T cell therapies; our TPIV200 and TPIV100/110 programs; the effectiveness of these programs or the possible range of application and potential curative effects and safety in the treatment of diseases; and, the timing and success of our clinical trials, as well as clinical trials conducted by our collaborators. Forward-looking statements are by their nature subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated in such statements. Such risks, uncertainties and factors include, but are not limited to the risks set forth in the Company's most recent Form 10-K, 10-Q and other SEC filings which are available through EDGAR at http://www.sec.gov. The Company assumes no obligation to update our forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this press release.

Marker Therapeutics, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

September 30,

December 31,

2019

2018

ASSETS

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

$ 48,477,670

$ 61,746,748

Prepaid expenses and deposits

1,906,062

141,717

Interest receivable

78,145

108,177

Total current assets

50,461,877

61,996,642

Non-current assets:

Property, plant and equipment, net

438,881

147,668

Right-of-use assets, net

501,714

-

Total non-current assets

940,595

147,668

Total assets

$ 51,402,472

$ 62,144,310

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

$ 2,858,808

$ 2,754,572

Lease liability

199,266

-

Warrant liability

129,000

49,000

Total current liabilities

3,187,074

2,803,572

Non-current liabilities:

Lease liability, net of current portion

333,480

-

Total non-current liabilities

333,480

-

Total liabilities

3,520,554

2,803,572

Commitments and contingencies

-

-

Stockholders' equity:

Preferred stock - $0.001 par value, 5 million shares authorized and 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively

-

-

Common stock, $0.001 par value, 150 million shares authorized, 45.7 million and 45.4 million shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively

45,723

45,440

Additional paid-in capital

370,290,447

365,400,748

Accumulated deficit

(322,454,252)

(306,105,450)

Total stockholders' equity

47,881,918

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Marker Therapeutics Reports Third Quarter 2019 Operating and Financial Results - P&T Community

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Cdc42 Promotes ADSC-Derived IPC Induction, Proliferation, And Insulin | DMSO – Dove Medical Press

November 13th, 2019 6:51 am

Xing-Hua Xiao,* Qi-Yuan Huang,* Xian-Ling Qian,* Jing Duan, Xue-Qiao Jiao, Long-Yuan Wu, Qing-Yun Huang, Jun Li, Xing-Ning Lai, Yu-Bo Shi, Li-Xia Xiong

Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Peoples Republic of China

*These authors contributed equally to this work

Correspondence: Li-Xia XiongDepartment of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang 330006, Peoples Republic of ChinaTel +86-791-8636-0556Email xionglixia@ncu.edu.cn

Purpose: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by irreversible islet cell destruction. Accumulative evidence indicated that Cdc42 and Wnt/-catenin signaling both play a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of T1DM. Further, bio-molecular mechanisms in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs)-derived insulin-producing cells (IPCs) remain largely unknown. Our aim was to investigate the underlying mechanism of Cdc42/Wnt/-catenin pathway in ADSC-derived IPCs, which may provide new insights into the therapeutic strategy for T1DM patients.Methods: ADSC induction was accomplished with DMSO under high-glucose condition. ML141 (Cdc42 inhibitor) and Wnt-3a (Wnt signaling activator) were administered to ADSCs from day 2 until the induction finished. Morphological changes were determined by an inverted microscope. Dithizone staining was employed to evaluate the induction of ADSC-derived IPCs. qPCR and Western blotting were employed to measure the mRNA and protein expression level of islet cell development-related genes and Wnt signaling-related genes. The proliferation ability of ADSC-derived IPCs was also detected with a cell counting kit (CCK) assay. The expression and secretion of Insulin were detected with immunofluorescence test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively.Results: During induction, morphological characters of ADSCs changed into spindle and round shape, and formed islet-line cell clusters, with brown dithizonestained cytoplasm. Expression levels of islet cell development-related genes were up-regulated in ADSC-derived IPCs. Wnt-3a promoted Wnt signaling markers and islet cell development-related gene expression at mRNA and protein levels, while ML141 played a negative effect. Wnt-3a promoted ADSC-derived IPC proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), while ML141 played a negative effect.Conclusion: Our research demonstrated that DMSO and high-glucose condition can induce ADSCs into IPCs, and Wnt signaling promotes the induction. Cdc42 may promote IPC induction, IPC proliferation and insulin secretion via Wnt/-catenin pathway, meaning that Cdc42 may be regarded as a potential target in the treatment of T1DM.

Keywords: Cdc42, ML141, ADSCs, IPCs, Wnt signaling, insulin

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License.By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.

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Cdc42 Promotes ADSC-Derived IPC Induction, Proliferation, And Insulin | DMSO - Dove Medical Press

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CytoDyn Receives IRB Approval To Proceed With Compassionate Use Of Leronlimab For Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer – GlobeNewswire

November 13th, 2019 6:51 am

VANCOUVER, Washington, Nov. 12, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- CytoDyn Inc. (OTC.QB: CYDY), (CytoDyn or the Company"), a late-stage biotechnology company developing leronlimab (PRO 140), a CCR5 antagonist with the potential for multiple therapeutic indications, announced today it has received approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) for leronlimab to be administered to patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) under a compassionate use, which is also known as expanded access program.

This program will allow TNBC patients who are not eligible under the ongoing Phase 1b/2 clinical trial to receive leronlimab (PRO 140). Under this protocol, patients with locally recurrent or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who had progressed within six months or less on latest chemotherapy will receive leronlimab (PRO 140) combined with a treatment of physicians choice.

The compassionate use or expanded access program is a potential pathway for patients with an immediately life-threatening condition to gain access to an investigational medical product (drug, biologic, or medical device) for treatment outside of clinical trials when no comparable or satisfactory alternative therapy options are available. An IRB is an appropriately constituted group that has been formally designated to review and monitor biomedical research involving human subjects pursuant to regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

We are very pleased with the confidence demonstrated by the IRB to allow access to leronlimab for patients with triple-negative breast cancer. We are dedicated to advancing this therapeutic opportunity to many more patients in our ongoing trials, stated Nader Pourhassan, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of CytoDyn.

Expanded access may be appropriate when all the following apply:

Investigational drugs, biologics or medical devices have not yet been approved or cleared by FDA and FDA has not found these products to be safe and effective for their specific use. Furthermore, the investigational medical product may, or may not, be effective in the treatment of the condition, and use of the product may cause unexpected serious side effects.

About Leronlimab (PRO 140)The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted a "Fast Track" designation to CytoDyn for two potential indications of leronlimab for deadly diseases. The first as a combination therapy with highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV-infected patients, and the second is for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Leronlimab is an investigational humanized IgG4 mAb that blocks CCR5, a cellular receptor that is important in HIV infection, tumor metastases, and other diseases, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Leronlimab has successfully completed nine clinical trials in over 800 people, including meeting its primary endpoints in a pivotal Phase 3 trial (leronlimab in combination with standard anti-retroviral therapies in HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients).

In the setting of HIV/AIDS, leronlimab is a viral-entry inhibitor; it masks CCR5, thus protecting healthy T cells from viral infection by blocking the predominant HIV (R5) subtype from entering those cells. Leronlimab has been the subject of nine clinical trials, each of which demonstrated that leronlimab can significantly reduce or control HIV viral load in humans. The leronlimab antibody appears to be a powerful antiviral agent leading to potentially fewer side effects and less frequent dosing requirements compared with daily drug therapies currently in use.

In the setting of cancer, research has shown that CCR5 plays a vital role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Increased CCR5 expression is an indicator of disease status in several cancers. Published studies have shown that blocking CCR5 can reduce tumor metastases in laboratory and animal models of aggressive breast and prostate cancer. Leronlimab reduced human breast cancer metastasis by more than 98% in a murine xenograft model. CytoDyn is, therefore, conducting a Phase 2 human clinical trial in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer and was granted Fast Track designation in May 2019. CytoDyn is conducting additional research with leronlimab in the setting of oncology and NASH with plans to conduct further clinical studies when appropriate.

The CCR5 receptor appears to play a central role in modulating immune cell trafficking to sites of inflammation. It may be important in the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and other inflammatory conditions. Clinical studies by others further support the concept that blocking CCR5 using a chemical inhibitor can reduce the clinical impact of acute GvHD without significantly affecting the engraftment of transplanted bone marrow stem cells. CytoDyn is currently conducting a Phase 2 clinical study with leronlimab to support further the concept that the CCR5 receptor on engrafted cells is critical for the development of acute GvHD. Blocking the CCR5 receptor from recognizing specific immune signaling molecules is a viable approach to mitigating acute GvHD. The FDA has granted "orphan drug" designation to leronlimab for the prevention of GvHD.

About CytoDynCytoDyn is a biotechnology company developing innovative treatments for multiple therapeutic indications based on leronlimab, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the CCR5 receptor. CCR5 appears to play a crucial role in the ability of HIV to enter and infect healthy T-cells. The CCR5 receptor also appears to be implicated in tumor metastasis and immune-mediated illnesses, such as GvHD and NASH. CytoDyn has completed a Phase 3 pivotal trial with leronlimab in combination with standard anti-retroviral therapies in HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients. CytoDyn plans to seek FDA approval for leronlimab in combination therapy and plans to complete the filing of a Biologics License Application (BLA) in 2019 for that indication. CytoDyn is also conducting a Phase 3 investigative trial with leronlimab as a once-weekly monotherapy for HIV-infected patients. CytoDyn plans to initiate a registration-directed study of leronlimab monotherapy indication, which, if successful, could support a label extension. Clinical results to date from multiple trials have shown that leronlimab can significantly reduce viral burden in people infected with HIV with no reported drug-related serious adverse events (SAEs). Moreover, results from a Phase 2b clinical trial demonstrated that leronlimab monotherapy can prevent viral escape in HIV-infected patients. Some patients on leronlimab monotherapy have viral suppression for more than four years. CytoDyn is also conducting a Phase 2 trial to evaluate leronlimab for the prevention of GvHD and has received clearance to initiate a clinical trial with leronlimab in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. More information is at http://www.cytodyn.com.

Forward-Looking StatementsThis press release contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Words and expressions reflecting optimism, satisfaction or disappointment with current prospects, as well as words such as "believes," "hopes," "intends," "estimates," "expects," "projects," "plans," "anticipates" and variations thereof, or the use of future tense, identify forward-looking statements but, their absence does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. The Company's forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance, and actual results could vary materially from those contained in or expressed by such statements due to risks and uncertainties including: (i)the sufficiency of the Companys cash position, (ii)the Companys ability to raise additional capital to fund its operations, (iii) the Companys ability to meet its debt obligations, if any, (iv)the Companys ability to enter into partnership or licensing arrangements with third parties, (v)the Companys ability to identify patients to enroll in its clinical trials in a timely fashion, (vi)the Companys ability to achieve approval of a marketable product, (vii)the design, implementation and conduct of the Companys clinical trials, (viii)the results of the Companys clinical trials, including the possibility of unfavorable clinical trial results, (ix)the market for, and marketability of, any product that is approved, (x)the existence or development of vaccines, drugs, or other treatments that are viewed by medical professionals or patients as superior to the Companys products, (xi)regulatory initiatives, compliance with governmental regulations and the regulatory approval process, (xii)general economic and business conditions, (xiii)changes in foreign, political, and social conditions, and (xiv)various other matters, many of which are beyond the Companys control. The Company urges investors to consider specifically the various risk factors identified in its most recent Form10-K, and any risk factors or cautionary statements included in any subsequent Form10-Q or Form8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Except as required by law, the Company does not undertake any responsibility to update any forward-looking statements to take into account events or circumstances that occur after the date of this press release.

CONTACTSInvestors: Nader Pourhassan, Ph.D.President & CEOnpourhassan@cytodyn.com

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CytoDyn Receives IRB Approval To Proceed With Compassionate Use Of Leronlimab For Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer - GlobeNewswire

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The Value and Versatility of Clinical Flow Cytometry – Technology Networks

November 13th, 2019 6:51 am

What is flow cytometry and how does it work?Flow cytometry(FCM) is a scientific technique used to measure the physical and biochemical characteristics of cells.1The sample is injected into the flow cytometer instrument, where it is typically focused to flow one cell at a time past light sources and detectors. Tens of thousands of cells can be examined in seconds to determine their morphology, granularity, scattering and transmission of light, or fluorescence of biomarkers, depending on the variation of FCM used.

The first conventional fluorescence-based flow cytometer was developed and commercialized in the late 60s/early 70s in Germany.2 Over the last five decades, FCM has developed rapidly in terms of the number of its applications and the quantity and dimensionality of the data it generates.1,3 Dr. Minh Doan, formerly of the Imaging Platform of the Broad Institute (USA) and now head of Bioimaging Analytics at GlaxoSmithKline in the USA, states, There have been significant advances in all three Vs of flow cytometry data: velocity (throughput/speed of data acquisition), volume (data content), and variety (sample types and signal acquisition technology).

Michael Parsons, manager of the Flow Cytometry Core of the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute in Toronto, Canada, agrees. The two biggest trends in flow cytometry are high content data and the merging of technologies from separate disciplines. For example, the last five years or so have seen the emergence of mass cytometry, which merges the disciplines of flow cytometry and mass spectrometry. In its latest iteration, an image cytometry module has been incorporated to generate unprecedented amounts of content (number of measured parameters) from relatively small amounts of patient tissue. Spectral flow cytometry has also established itself as an important emerging technology. Indeed, mass cytometry can now measure up to 50 features on a single cell simultaneously using antibodies tagged with rare earth metals,4 and imaging flow cytometry allows for 1000s of morphological features and multiple fluorescence markers to be analyzed per cell.3Flow cytometry, therefore, has inarguable potential as a clinical tool for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. However, some challenges remain in translating the full promise of FCM into clinical practice. Here, some of the current clinical applications of FCM will be discussed, as well as some of the compelling new applications being researched.

Similarly, FCM of liquid biopsies could be used to detect circulating tumor cells in the bloodstream.3 These cells are extremely rare, and with its high sensitivity, FCM is perfectly poised to make a significant impact in this area. This approach has potential for the clinical detection of early-stage cancer as well as the detection of circulating metastatic or drug-resistant cancer cells. For example, a study published earlier this year described label-free liquid biopsy with very high throughput (> 1 million cells/second) for drug-susceptibility testing during leukemia treatment.8

Prior to an organ transplant, FCM can be used to crossmatch the patient's serum with donor lymphocytes to detect antibodies that could result in organ rejection.1 Postoperatively, the analysis of various cell markers on the peripheral blood lymphocytes can indicate early transplant rejection, detect bone marrow toxicity arising from immunosuppressive therapies, and help differentiate infections from organ rejection. For blood transfusions, FCM can be used to detect contamination of blood with residual white blood cells, which can have adverse effects such as pulmonary edema.9Groups such as Dr. Roshini Abrahams at Nationwide Childrens Hospital in Ohio, USA, are using FCM to diagnose primary immunodeficiency disorders with the use of immunophenotyping and functional assays.10 These disorders are caused by genetic mutations that result in defects in the immune system, such as X-linked (Brutons) agammaglobulinemia and X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome. Over 300 of these disorders have been identified thus far, and the causative mutations lower immune defense against the attack of infections.

HIV is, of course, an example of a secondary (acquired) immunodeficiency disorder. FCM analysis of CD4 and other markers on lymphocytes in the peripheral blood is used to monitor the treatment of HIV patients, and a CD4 count <200 cells/mL together with a positive antibody test for HIV is used as a diagnostic for AIDS.1 Secondary immunodeficiencies can also be caused by e.g., substance abuse, malnutrition, other medical conditions, and certain medical treatments. FCM of a panel of markers can be used to confirm suspected cases.1In pregnancy, when a Rhesus blood group D-negative mother carries a D-positive fetus, fetal-maternal bleeding can sensitize the mother to the D-positive blood cells from the fetus and this can be fatal to subsequent D-positive newborns.11 FCM is used to measure the degree of fetal-maternal hemorrhage to determine the correct dose of prophylactics to be administered shortly after delivery.

In addition to oncology and immunology applications, FCM is also used to diagnose a variety of rare hematologic disorders12 as well as autoimmune/autoinflammatory disorders such as spondylarthritis (arthritis of the spine).13 Another area of research that is likely to give rise to increasing clinical applications in the future is that of platelet activity, which is important in many clinical conditions.1,14

Experts suggest that it may be possible to overcome this data analysis hurdle by applying machine learning approaches coupled with further standardization of FCM workflows.3,15 The most exciting applications of high content data revolve around the use of machine learning, in particular, deep learning, to extract relevant meaning from large data sets. Machine learning, coupled with big data, has the potential for driving diagnosis and treatment options tailored to the patients disease in a timely manner, says Dr. Parsons. In addition, Prof. Sadao Ota of RCAST at the University of Tokyo, Japan, points out, We still need to figure out how to design a workflow that convincingly validates diagnostic results, especially if the diagnosis employs the power of machine learning. Such developments are necessary before the rich information content of advanced FCM technology can be fully applied in the clinic.

In terms of other future advances in the field, Prof. Ota specifically makes mention of the potential of cell sorters combined with FCM.16 There are exciting and unique applications of sorters in fields such as cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Also, creating key applications of imaging cell sorters in pharmaceutical fields may accelerate global drug discovery. Dr. Doan concurs, Disease heterogeneity makes it hard to validate findings. Perhaps the use of flow cytometry with sorting capability can help such validation, where events-of-interest collected by flow cytometry can be validated with other downstream assays. Finally, as Dr. Doan notes, With multiple layers of data(types) incorporated altogether, there are now possibilities to do more with less, i.e., label-free sample measurement, which could lead to more direct, faster, and smarter diagnoses. Rare events (e.g., metastatic cancer cells) may soon be detected better than before.References1.Bakke A.C. Clinical Applications of Flow Cytometry. Laboratory Medicine. 2000; 31(2): 97104. doi: 10.1309/FC96-DDY4-2CRA-71FK.2.Herzenberg L.A., Parks D., Sahaf B., Perez O., Roederer M., Herzenberg L.A. The history and future of the fluorescence activated cell sorter and flow cytometry: a view from Stanford. Clinical Chemistry. 2002;48(10):181918273.Doan M., Vorobjev I., Rees P., Filby A., Wolkenhauer O., Goldfeld A.E., Lieberman J., Barteneva N., Carpenter A.E., Hennig H. Diagnostic potential of imaging flow cytometry. Trends in Biotechnology. 2018;36(7):649652. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.12.008.4.Olsen L.R, Leipold M.D., Pedersen C.B., Maecker H.T. The anatomy of single cell mass cytometry data. Cytometry Part A. 2019;95(2):156172. doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.23621.5.Laerum O.D., Farsund T. Clinical application of flow cytometry: a review. Cytometry. 1981;2(1):113. doi: 10.1002/cyto.990020102.6.Li J., Wertheim G., Paessler M., Pillai V. Flow cytometry in pediatric hematopoietic malignancies. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine. 2017;37(4):879893. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2017.07.009.7.Gupta S., Devidas M., Loh M.L., Raetz E.A., Chen S., Wang C., Brown P., Carroll A.J., Heerema N.A., Gastier-Foster J.M., Dunsmore K.P., Larsen E.C., Maloney K.W., Mattano L.A. Jr., Winter S.S., Winick N.J., Carroll W.L., Hunger S.P., Borowitz M.J., Wood B.L. Flow-cytometric vs. -morphologic assessment of remission in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Childrens Oncology Group (COG). Leukemia. 2018;32(6):13701379. doi: 10.1038/s41375-018-0039-7.8.Kobayashi H., Lei C., Wu Y., Huang C-J., Yasumoto A., Jona M., Li W., Wu Y., Yalikun Y., Jiang Y., Guo B., Sun C-W., Tanaka Y., Yamada M., Yatomi Y., Goda K. Intelligent whole-blood imaging flow cytometry for simple, rapid, and cost-effective drug-susceptibility testing of leukemia. Lab on a Chip. 2019;19(16):26882698. doi: 10.1039/c8lc01370e.9.Castegnaro S., Dragone P., Chieregato K., Alghisi A., Rodeghiero F., Astori G. Enumeration of residual white blood cells in leukoreduced blood products: Comparing flow cytometry with a portable microscopic cell counter. Transfusion and Apheresis Science. 2016;54(2):266270. doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.10.001.10.Abraham R.S., Aubert G. Flow cytometry, a versatile tool for diagnosis and monitoring of primary immunodeficiencies. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 2016;23(4):254271. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00001-16.11.Kim Y.A., Makar R.S. Detection of fetomaternal hemorrhage. American Journal of Hematology. 2012;87(4):417423. doi: 10.1002/ajh.22255.12.Bn M.C., Le Bris Y., Robillard N., Wuillme S., Fouassier M., Eveillard M. Flow cytometry in hematological nonmalignant disorders. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology. 2016;38(1):516. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.12438.13.Duan Z., Gui Y., Li C., Lin J., Gober H.J., Qin J., Li D., Wang L. The immune dysfunction in ankylosing spondylitis patients. Bioscience Trends. 2017;11(1):6976. doi: 10.5582/bst.2016.01171.14.Pasalic L. Assessment of platelet function in whole blood by flow cytometry. Methods in Molecular Biology. 2017;1646:349367. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7196-1_27.15.Doan M., Carpenter A.E. Leveraging machine vision in cell-based diagnostics to do more with less. Nature Materials. 2019;18(5):414418. doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0339-y.16.Ota S., Horisaki R., Kawamura Y., Ugawa M., Sato I., Hashimoto K., Kamesawa R., Setoyama K., Yamaguchi S., Fujiu K., Waki K., Noji H. Ghost cytometry. Science. 2018;360(6394):12461251. doi: 10.1126/science.aan0096.

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The Value and Versatility of Clinical Flow Cytometry - Technology Networks

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First Patient in CytoDyn’s Triple-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Trial Shows Significant Reduction in Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) and Reduced…

November 13th, 2019 6:51 am

VANCOUVER, Washington, Nov. 11, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- CytoDyn Inc. (OTC.QB: CYDY), (CytoDyn or the Company"), a late-stage biotechnology company developing leronlimab (PRO 140), a CCR5 antagonist with the potential for multiple therapeutic indications, announced today encouraging initial results from the first patient in a Phase 1b/2 clinical trial with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). Circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the patients blood decreased significantly after leronlimab therapy at both two-week and five-week time points. Furthermore, a reduction in CCR5 expression on presumed metastatic tumor cells was evident.

We are excited to be involved with CytoDyn in evaluating the efficacy of leronlimab in mTNBC," stated IncellDx CEO, Bruce Patterson, M.D. These results at both two-week and five-week time intervals post-leronlimab therapy indicate initial efficacy against this most aggressive tumor type. Moreover, the reduction of CCR5 expression on EMT cells may prove to be significant, as high CCR5 expression is believed to be crucial for metastases.

The treatment of mTNBC with leronlimab in this Phase 1b/2 trial is in addition to metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients treated with leronlimab under an emergency use IND. Results from both of the ongoing trials in MBC will dictate the Companys regulatory pathway, including the potential to seek Breakthrough Therapy designation and accelerated approval with the U.S. FDA for the use of leronlimab in MBC. Leronlimab has been granted Fast Track designation for mTNBC by the FDA based on a greater than 98% reduction of metastatic tumor volume in a murine xenograft model.

Today marks yet another significant milestone in our Companys history, advancing CytoDyns clinical development in oncology. Although these are early results in our first patient, we are encouraged by the reduction in both CTC and tumor size. Our safety record with leronlimab, and preclinical results in multiple oncology trials in various cancer indications, solidifies our vision to explore oncology indications. We are optimistic about the opportunity to provide a potential new therapeutic option for the women that are diagnosed with invasive breast cancer each year in the United States. We wish to thank the women who have agreed to participate in our trials and will endeavor to provide each of them with clinical benefit," stated CytoDyn President and CEO, Nader Pourhassan, Ph.D.

About Leronlimab (PRO 140)The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted a "Fast Track" designation to CytoDyn for two potential indications of leronlimab for deadly diseases. The first as a combination therapy with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV-infected patients, and the second is for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Leronlimab is an investigational humanized IgG4 mAb that blocks CCR5, a cellular receptor that is important in HIV infection, tumor metastases, and other diseases, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Leronlimab has successfully completed nine clinical trials in over 800 people, including meeting its primary endpoints in a pivotal Phase 3 trial (leronlimab in combination with standard anti-retroviral therapies in HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients).

In the setting of HIV/AIDS, leronlimab is a viral-entry inhibitor; it masks CCR5, thus protecting healthy T cells from viral infection by blocking the predominant HIV (R5) subtype from entering those cells. Leronlimab has been the subject of nine clinical trials, each of which demonstrated that leronlimab can significantly reduce or control HIV viral load in humans. The leronlimab antibody appears to be a powerful antiviral agent leading to potentially fewer side effects and less frequent dosing requirements compared with daily drug therapies currently in use.

In the setting of cancer, research has shown that CCR5 plays a vital role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Increased CCR5 expression is an indicator of disease status in several cancers. Published studies have shown that blocking CCR5 can reduce tumor metastases in laboratory and animal models of aggressive breast and prostate cancer. Leronlimab reduced human breast cancer metastasis by more than 98% in a murine xenograft model. CytoDyn is, therefore, conducting a Phase 2 human clinical trial in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer and was granted Fast Track designation in May 2019. CytoDyn is conducting additional research with leronlimab in the setting of oncology and NASH with plans to conduct further clinical studies when appropriate.

The CCR5 receptor appears to play a central role in modulating immune cell trafficking to sites of inflammation. It may be important in the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and other inflammatory conditions. Clinical studies by others further support the concept that blocking CCR5 using a chemical inhibitor can reduce the clinical impact of acute GvHD without significantly affecting the engraftment of transplanted bone marrow stem cells. CytoDyn is currently conducting a Phase 2 clinical study with leronlimab to support further the concept that the CCR5 receptor on engrafted cells is critical for the development of acute GvHD. Blocking the CCR5 receptor from recognizing specific immune signaling molecules is a viable approach to mitigating acute GvHD. The FDA has granted "orphan drug" designation to leronlimab for the prevention of GvHD.

About CytoDynCytoDyn is a biotechnology company developing innovative treatments for multiple therapeutic indications based on leronlimab, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the CCR5 receptor. CCR5 appears to play a crucial role in the ability of HIV to enter and infect healthy T-cells. The CCR5 receptor also appears to be implicated in tumor metastasis and immune-mediated illnesses, such as GvHD and NASH. CytoDyn has completed a Phase 3 pivotal trial with leronlimab in combination with standard anti-retroviral therapies in HIV-infected treatment-experienced patients. CytoDyn plans to seek FDA approval for leronlimab in combination therapy and plans to complete the filing of a Biologics License Application (BLA) in 2019 for that indication. CytoDyn is also conducting a Phase 3 investigative trial with leronlimab as a once-weekly monotherapy for HIV-infected patients. CytoDyn plans to initiate a registration-directed study of leronlimab monotherapy indication, which, if successful, could support a label extension. Clinical results to date from multiple trials have shown that leronlimab can significantly reduce viral burden in people infected with HIV with no reported drug-related serious adverse events (SAEs).Moreover, results from a Phase 2b clinical trial demonstrated that leronlimab monotherapy can prevent viral escape in HIV-infected patients. Some patients on leronlimab monotherapy have viral suppression for more than four years. CytoDyn is also conducting a Phase 2 trial to evaluate leronlimab for the prevention of GvHD and has received clearance to initiate a clinical trial with leronlimab in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. More information is at http://www.cytodyn.com.

Forward-Looking StatementsThis press release contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Words and expressions reflecting optimism, satisfaction or disappointment with current prospects, as well as words such as "believes," "hopes," "intends," "estimates," "expects," "projects," "plans," "anticipates" and variations thereof, or the use of future tense, identify forward-looking statements but, their absence does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. The Company's forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance, and actual results could vary materially from those contained in or expressed by such statements due to risks and uncertainties including: (i)the sufficiency of the Companys cash position, (ii)the Companys ability to raise additional capital to fund its operations, (iii) the Companys ability to meet its debt obligations, if any, (iv)the Companys ability to enter into partnership or licensing arrangements with third parties, (v)the Companys ability to identify patients to enroll in its clinical trials in a timely fashion, (vi)the Companys ability to achieve approval of a marketable product, (vii)the design, implementation and conduct of the Companys clinical trials, (viii)the results of the Companys clinical trials, including the possibility of unfavorable clinical trial results, (ix)the market for, and marketability of, any product that is approved, (x)the existence or development of vaccines, drugs, or other treatments that are viewed by medical professionals or patients as superior to the Companys products, (xi)regulatory initiatives, compliance with governmental regulations and the regulatory approval process, (xii)general economic and business conditions, (xiii)changes in foreign, political, and social conditions, and (xiv)various other matters, many of which are beyond the Companys control. The Company urges investors to consider specifically the various risk factors identified in its most recent Form10-K, and any risk factors or cautionary statements included in any subsequent Form10-Q or Form8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Except as required by law, the Company does not undertake any responsibility to update any forward-looking statements to take into account events or circumstances that occur after the date of this press release.

CONTACTSInvestors: Nader Pourhassan, Ph.D.President & CEOnpourhassan@cytodyn.com

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That Junk DNA Is Full of Information! – Advanced Science News

November 13th, 2019 6:51 am

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It should not surprise us that even in parts of the genome where we dont obviously see a functional code (i.e., one thats been evolutionarily fixed as a result of some selective advantage), there is a type of code, but not like anything weve previously considered as such. And what if it were doing something in three dimensions as well as the two dimensions of the ATGC code? A paper just published in BioEssays explores this tantalizing possibility

Isnt it wonderful to have a really perplexing problem to gnaw on, one that generates almost endless potential explanations. How about what is all that non-coding DNA doing in genomes?that 98.5% of human genetic material that doesnt produce proteins. To be fair, the deciphering of non-coding DNA is making great strides via the identification of sequences that are transcribed into RNAs that modulate gene expression, may be passed on transgenerationally (epigenetics) or set the gene expression program of a stem cell or specific tissue cell. Massive amounts of repeat sequences (remnants of ancient retroviruses) have been found in many genomes, and again, these dont code for protein, but at least there are credible models for what theyre doing in evolutionary terms (ranging from genomic parasitism to symbiosis and even exploitation by the very host genome for producing the genetic diversity on which evolution works); incidentally, some non-coding DNA makes RNAs that silence these retroviral sequences, and retroviral ingression into genomes is believed to have been the selective pressure for the evolution of RNA interference (so-called RNAi); repetitive elements of various named types and tandem repeats abound; introns (many of which contain the aforementioned types of non-coding sequences) have transpired to be crucial in gene expression and regulation, most strikingly via alternative splicing of the coding segments that they separate.

Still, theres plenty of problem to gnaw on because although we are increasingly understanding the nature and origin of much of the non-coding genome and are making major inroads into its function (defined here as evolutionarily selected, advantageous effect on the host organism), were far from explaining it all, andmore to the pointwere looking at it with a very low-magnification lens, so to speak. One of the intriguing things about DNA sequences is that a single sequence can encode more than one piece of information depending on what is reading it and in which direction viral genomes are classic examples in which genes read in one direction to produce a given protein overlap with one or more genes read in the opposite direction (i.e., from the complementary strand of DNA) to produce different proteins. Its a bit like making simple messages with reverse-pair words (a so-called emordnilap). For example: REEDSTOPSFLOW, which, by an imaginary reading device, could be divided into REED STOPS FLOW. Read backwards, it would give WOLF SPOTS DEER.

Now, if it is of evolutionary advantage for two messages to be coded so economically as is the case in viral genomes, which tend to evolve towards minimum complexity in terms of information content, hence reducing necessary resources for reproductionthen the messages themselves evolve with a high degree of constraint. What does this mean? Well, we could word our original example message as RUSH-STEM IMPEDES CURRENT, which would embody the same essential information as REED STOPS FLOW. However, that message, if read in reverse (or even in the same sense, but in different chunks) does not encode anything additional that is particularly meaningful. Probably the only way of conveying both pieces of information in the original messages simultaneously is the very wording REEDSTOPSFLOW: thats a highly constrained system! Indeed, if we studied enough examples of reverse-pair phrases in English, we would see that they are, on the whole, made up of rather short words, and the sequences are missing certain units of language such as articles (the, a); if we looked more closely, we might even detect a greater representation than average of certain letters of the alphabet in such messages. We would see these as biases in word and letter usage that would, a priori, allow us to have a stab at identifying such dual-function pieces of information.

Now lets return to the letters, words, and information encoded in genomes. For two distinct pieces of information to be encoded in the same piece of genetic sequence we would, similarly, expect the constraints to be manifest in biases of word and letter usagethe analogies, respectively, for amino acid sequences constituting proteins, and their three-letter code. Hence a sequence of DNA can code for a protein and, in addition, for something else. This something else, according to Giorgio Bernardi, is information that directs the packaging of the enormous length of DNA in a cell into the relatively tiny nucleus. Primarily it is the code that guides the binding of the DNA-packaging proteins known as histones. Bernardi refers to this as the genomic codea structural code that defines the shape and compaction of DNA into the highly-condensed form known as chromatin.

But didnt we start with an explanation for non-coding DNA, not protein-coding sequences? Yes, and in the long stretches of non-coding DNA we see information in excess of mere repeats, tandem repeats and remnants of ancient retroviruses: there is a type of code at the level of preference for the GC pair of chemical DNA bases compared with AT. As Bernardi reviews, synthesizing his and others groundbreaking work, in the core sequences of the eukaryotic genome, the GC content in structural organizational units of the genome termed isochores increased during the evolutionary transition between so-called cold-blooded and warm-blooded organisms. And, fascinatingly, this sequence bias overlaps with sequences that are much more constrained in function: these are the very protein-coding sequences mentioned earlier, and theymore than the intervening non-coding sequencesare the clue to the genomic code.

Protein-coding sequences are also packed and condensed in the nucleus particularly when theyre not in use (i.e., being transcribed, and then translated into protein) but they also contain relatively constant information on precise amino acid identities, otherwise they would fail to encode proteins correctly: evolution would act on such mutations in a highly negative manner, making them extremely unlikely to persist and be visible to us. But the amino acid code in DNA has a little catch that evolved in the most simple of unicellular organisms (bacteria and archaea) billions of years ago: the code is partly redundant. For example, the amino acid Threonine can be coded in eukaryotic DNA in no fewer than four ways: ACT, ACC, ACA or ACG. The third letter is variable and hence available for the coding of extra information. This is exactly what happens to produce the genomic code, in this case creating a bias for the ACC and ACG forms in warm-blooded organisms. Hence, the high constraint on this additional codewhich is also seen in parts of the genome that are not under such constraint as protein-coding sequencesis imposed by the packaging of protein-coding sequences that embody two sets of information simultaneously. This is analogous to our example of the highly-constrained dual-information sequence REEDSTOPSFLOW.

Importantly, however, the constraint is not as strict as in our English language example because of the redundancy of the third position of the triplet code for amino acids: a better analogy would be SHE*ATE*STU* where the asterisk stands for a variable letter that doesnt make any difference to the machine that reads the three-letter component of the four-letter message. One could then imagine a second level of information formed by adding D at these asterisk points, to make SHEDATEDSTUD (SHE DATED STUD). Next imagine a second reading machine that looks for meaningful phrases of a sensitive nature containing a greater than average concentration of Ds. This reading machine carries a folding machine with it that places a kind of peg at each D, kinking the message by 120 degrees in a plane. a point where the message should be bent by 120 degrees in the same plane, we would end up with a more compact, triangular, version. In eukaryotic genomes, the GC sequence bias proposed to be responsible for structural condensation extends into non-coding sequences, some of which have identified activities, though less constrained in sequence than protein-coding DNA. There it directs their condensation via histone-containing nucleosomes to form chromatin.

Figure. Analogy between condensation of a word-based message and condensation of genomic DNA in the cell nucleus. Panel A: Information within information, a sequence of words with a variable fourth space which, when filled with particular letters, generates a further message. One message is read by a three-letter reading machine; the other by a reading machine that can interpret information extending to the 4thvariableposition of the sequence. The second reader recognizes sensitive information that should be concealed, and at the points where a D appears in the 4th position, it folds the string of words, hence compressing the sensitive part and taking it out of view. This is an analogy for the principle of genomic 3D compression via chromatin, as depicted in panel B: a fluorescence image (via Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization FISH) of the cell nucleus. H2/H3 isochores, which increased in GC content during evolution from cold-blooded to warm-blooded vertebrates, are compressed into a chromatin core, leaving L1 isochores (with lower GC content) at the periphery in a less-condensed state. The genomic code embodied in the high-GC tracts of the genome is, according to Bernardi [1], read by the nucleosome-positioning machinery of the cell and interpreted as sequence to be highly compressed in euchromatin. Acknowledgements: Panel A: concept and figure production: Andrew Moore; Panel B: A FISH pattern of H2/H3 and L1 isochores from a lymphocyte induced by PHAcourtesy of S. Sacconeas reproduced in Ref. [1].]

These regions of DNA may then be regarded as structurally important elements in forming the correct shape and separation of condensed coding sequences in the genome, regardless of any other possible function that those non-coding sequences have: in essence, this would be an explanation for the persistence in genomes of sequences to which no function (in terms of evolutionarily-selected activity), can be ascribed (or, at least, no substantial function).

A final analogythis time much more closely relatedmight be the very amino acid sequences in large proteins, which do a variety of twists, turns, folds etc. We may marvel at such complicated structures and ask but do they need to be quite so complicated for their function? Well, maybe they do in order to condense and position parts of the protein in the exact orientation and place that generates the three-dimensional structure that has been successfully selected by evolution. But with a knowledge that the genomic code overlaps protein coding sequences, we might even start to become suspicious that there is another selective pressure at work as well

Andrew Moore, Ph.D.Editor-in-Chief, BioEssays

Reference:

1. G.Bernardi. 2019. The genomic code: a pervasive encoding/moulding ofchromatin structures and a solution of the non-coding DNA mystery. BioEssays41:12. 1900106

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That Junk DNA Is Full of Information! - Advanced Science News

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Rocket Pharmaceuticals to Present Preliminary Phase 1 Data of RP-L102 Process B for Fanconi Anemia at the 61st American Society of Hematology Annual…

November 13th, 2019 6:51 am

NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: RCKT) (Rocket), a leading U.S.-based multi-platform clinical-stage gene therapy company, today announces presentations at the upcoming 61st American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting being held December 7-10, 2019 in Orlando, Florida. The two poster presentations will highlight clinical data from the Phase 1 study of RP-L102 utilizing Process B for the treatment of Fanconi Anemia (FA), as well as long-term follow-up data from the Phase 1/2 EUROFANCOLEN trial.

Details for Rockets poster presentations are as follows:Title: Changing the Natural History of Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group-A with Gene Therapy: Early Results of U.S. Phase I Study of Lentiviral-Mediated Ex-Vivo FANCA Gene Insertion in Human Stem and Progenitor CellsSession Title: Gene Therapy and Transfer: Poster IIPresenter: Sandeep Soni, M.D.Session Date: Sunday, December 8, 2019Session Time: 6:00 p.m. 8:00 p.m. ESTLocation: Orange County Convention Center, Hall B

Title: Hematopoietic Engraftment of Fanconi Anemia Patients through 3 Years after Gene TherapySession Title: Gene Therapy and Transfer: Poster IIIPresenter: Paula Ro, Ph.D.Session Date: Monday, December 9, 2019Session Time: 6:00 p.m. 8:00 p.m. ESTLocation: Orange County Convention Center, Hall B

The Sunday poster session will be followed by a breakout session to give investors and analysts the opportunity to ask questions and discuss the data. The breakout session, hosted by Rocket management, will be held on Sunday, December 8th at 8:30 p.m. EST, directly after Dr. Sonis presentation. At the event, Dr. Soni, Clinical Associate Professor of Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine at the Stanford University School of Medicine and principal investigator of the U.S. Phase 1 trial of RP-L102 and Paula Ro, Ph.D., Senior Scientist, Divisin de Terapias Innovadoras en el Sistema Hematopoytico, CIEMAT/CIBERER Unidad Mixta de Terapias Avanzadas CIEMAT/IIS Fundacin Jimnez Daz will be participating in a Q&A panel. For further information, please contact investors@rocketpharma.com.

About Fanconi Anemia

Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare pediatric disease characterized by bone marrow failure, malformations and cancer predisposition. The primary cause of death among patients with FA is bone marrow failure, which typically occurs during the first decade of life. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), when available, corrects the hematologic component of FA, but requires myeloablative conditioning. Graft-versus-host disease, a known complication of allogeneic HSCT, is associated with an increased risk of solid tumors, mainly squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region. Approximately 60-70% of patients with FA have a FANC-A gene mutation, which encodes for a protein essential for DNA repair. Mutation in the FANC-A gene leads to chromosomal breakage and increased sensitivity to oxidative and environmental stress. Chromosome fragility induced by DNA-alkylating agents such as mitomycin-C (MMC) or diepoxybutane (DEB) is the gold standard test for FA diagnosis. Somatic mosaicism occurs when there is a spontaneous correction of the mutated gene that can lead to stabilization or correction of a FA patients blood counts in the absence of any administered therapy. Somatic mosaicism, often referred to as natures gene therapy provides a strong rationale for the development of FA gene therapy because of the selective growth advantage of gene-corrected hematopoietic stem cells over FA cells1.

1Soulier, J.,et al. (2005) Detection of somatic mosaicism and classification of Fanconi anemia patients by analysis of the FA/BRCA pathway. Blood 105: 1329-1336

About Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Rocket Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: RCKT) (Rocket) is an emerging, clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on developing first-in-class gene therapy treatment options for rare, devastating diseases. Rockets multi-platform development approach applies the well-established lentiviral vector (LVV) and adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) gene therapy platforms. Rocket's clinical programs using LVV-based gene therapy are for the treatment of Fanconi Anemia (FA), a difficult to treat genetic disease that leads to bone marrow failure and potentially cancer, Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency-I (LAD-I), a severe pediatric genetic disorder that causes recurrent and life-threatening infections which are frequently fatal, and Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD) a rare, monogenic red blood cell disorder resulting in increased red cell destruction and mild to life-threatening anemia. Rockets first clinical program using AAV-based gene therapy is for Danon disease, a devastating, pediatric heart failure condition. Rockets pre-clinical pipeline program is for Infantile Malignant Osteopetrosis (IMO), a bone marrow-derived disorder. For more information about Rocket, please visit http://www.rocketpharma.com.

Rocket Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Various statements in this release concerning Rocket's future expectations, plans and prospects, including without limitation, Rocket's expectations regarding the safety, effectiveness and timing of product candidates that Rocket may develop, to treat Fanconi Anemia (FA), Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency-I (LAD-I), Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD), Infantile Malignant Osteopetrosis (IMO) and Danon disease, and the safety, effectiveness and timing of related pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, may constitute forward-looking statements for the purposes of the safe harbor provisions under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws and are subject to substantial risks, uncertainties and assumptions. You should not place reliance on these forward-looking statements, which often include words such as "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "will give," "estimate," "seek," "will," "may," "suggest" or similar terms, variations of such terms or the negative of those terms. Although Rocket believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, Rocket cannot guarantee such outcomes. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including, without limitation, Rocket's ability to successfully demonstrate the efficacy and safety of such products and pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, its gene therapy programs, the pre-clinical and clinical results for its product candidates, which may not support further development and marketing approval, the potential advantages of Rocket's product candidates, actions of regulatory agencies, which may affect the initiation, timing and progress of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of its product candidates, Rocket's and its licensors ability to obtain, maintain and protect its and their respective intellectual property, the timing, cost or other aspects of a potential commercial launch of Rocket's product candidates, Rocket's ability to manage operating expenses, Rocket's ability to obtain additional funding to support its business activities and establish and maintain strategic business alliances and new business initiatives, Rocket's dependence on third parties for development, manufacture, marketing, sales and distribution of product candidates, the outcome of litigation, and unexpected expenditures, as well as those risks more fully discussed in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in Rocket's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. All such statements speak only as of the date made, and Rocket undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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Rocket Pharmaceuticals to Present Preliminary Phase 1 Data of RP-L102 Process B for Fanconi Anemia at the 61st American Society of Hematology Annual...

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Forty Seven, Inc. Reports Third Quarter 2019 Financial Results and Recent Business Highlights – GlobeNewswire

November 13th, 2019 6:51 am

-- On-Track to Initiate Potential Registration-Enabling Trials in MDS and DLBCL in 1Q 2020 ---- Entered into Collaboration with bluebird bio to Evaluate Antibody-Based Conditioning Regimen in Combination with LentiGlobin ---- Management to Host Conference Call at 8:00 a.m. ET Today --

MENLO PARK, Calif., Nov. 12, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Forty Seven, Inc. (Nasdaq:FTSV), a clinical-stage, immuno-oncology company focused on developing therapies to activate macrophages in the fight against cancer, today reported financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2019 and provided a business update.

In the third quarter, we continued to enroll patients in our Phase 1b clinical trial of magrolimab in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), while preparing to initiate potential registration-enabling trials in MDS and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the first quarter of 2020, said Mark McCamish, M.D., Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of Forty Seven. We have plans in place for both programs that we believe could enable us to pursue accelerated paths to approval and to address the unmet needs of substantial patient populations in need of safe, well-tolerated and effective new options.

Dr. McCamish continued, We also made important progress with our preclinical candidates, FSI-174 and FSI-189, and remain on track to advance both into clinical testing next year. This morning, we announced a new collaboration with bluebird bio to evaluate our antibody-based conditioning regimen, comprised of magrolimab and FSI-174, in combination with LentiGlobin. We believe this partnership will allow us to accelerate and expand our efforts to provide an alternative, antibody-only conditioning regimen that avoids chemotherapy/radiation exposure for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. We are excited to work with the bluebird team as we continue our efforts to fully exploit the CD47 pathway as a novel therapeutic target.

Third Quarter and Recent Business Highlights:

Magrolimab Clinical Programs:Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)

Solid Tumors

FSI-174:

Key Upcoming Milestones:

Forty Seven will present expanded efficacy and durability data from the Phase 1b trial of magrolimab in combination with azacitidine in patients with MDS and AML in an oral presentation at the 61st American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting, which will be held December 7-10, 2019 in Orlando, Florida. Also at ASH, Forty Seven will present a poster detailing preclinical data for FSI-174.

Additionally, the company expects to complete investigational new drug (IND)-enabling studies for both FSI-174 and FSI-189 before year-end.

Third Quarter 2019 Financial Results:

Conference Call Information:

Forty Sevenwill host a live conference call and webcast at8:00 a.m. ET today to discuss third quarter 2019 financial results and recent business activities. The conference call may be accessed by (866) 953-0780 (domestic) or (630) 652-5854 (international), and by referring to conference ID 7667736. A webcast of the conference call will be available in the Investors section of theForty Sevenwebsite at https://ir.fortyseveninc.com. The archived webcast will be available onForty Sevenswebsite approximately two hours after the conference call and will be available for 30 days following the call.

About Forty Seven, Inc.Forty Seven, Inc. is a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company that is developing therapies targeting cancer immune evasion pathways based on technology licensed from Stanford University. Forty Sevens lead program, magrolimab, is a monoclonal antibody against the CD47 receptor, a dont eat me signal that cancer cells commandeer to avoid being ingested by macrophages. This antibody is currently being evaluated in multiple clinical studies in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, ovarian cancer and colorectal carcinoma.

Forward-Looking Statements:

Statements contained in this press release regarding matters that are not historical facts are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as believe, continue, could, expect, "may," plan, potential, predict, "will," and similar expressions (as well as other words or expressions referencing future events, conditions, or circumstances) are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements include those related to the timing of potential registration-enabling trials in MDS and DLBCL; the potential to pursue accelerated paths to approval of Forty Sevens clinical programs; the potential for Forty Sevens clinical programs to address unmet needs of patient populations; the timing of potential clinical trials in FSI-174 and FSI-189; the timing, acceleration and outcome of Forty Sevens collaboration with bluebird bio to provide an alternative, antibody-only condition regimen; the presentation of, timing of and outcome of results from thePhase 1b clinical trial evaluating magrolimab as a monotherapy and in combination with azacitidine for the treatment of MDS and AML; the timing of complete enrollment and acceleration in the Phase 1b clinical trial evaluating magrolimab as a monotherapy and in combination with azacitidine for the treatment of MDS and AML; the timing and outcome of a BLA filing; the Phase 1b/2 clinical trial of magrolimab in combination with rituximab for patients with relapsed/refractory NHL, including DLBCL;the timing of, enrollment in and outcome of the Phase 1b/2 clinical trial of magrolimab in combination with rituximab for patients with r/r NHL, DLBCL; the outcome of the evaluation of biomarkers for potential predictive value and the advancement into earlier lines of treatment; the timing of initial results from the Phase 1b trial of magrolimab in combination with avelumab in patients with ovarian cancer; the timing of initial results from the Phase 1b trial of magrolimab in combination with cetuximab in patients with colorectal cancer; the timing of a clinical trial to evaluate Forty Sevens antibody-based conditioning regimen, comprised of FSI-174 and magrolimab, with bluebirds LentiGlobin gene therapy platform for the treatment of beta thalassemia and sickle cell disease; the sufficiency of a single-arm trial evaluating efficacy and durability to support the registration of magrolimab in combination with azacitidine in patients with MDS and AML; the timing of and quality of results from investigational new drug-application enabling studies for FSI-174 and FSI-189 and their respective potential for approval by the FDA; the sufficiency of a single-arm pivotal study evaluating ORR and durability to support the registration of magrolimab in combination with rituximab in patients with r/r DLBCL; Forty Sevens ability to fund its clinical programs and the sufficiency of its cash and short-term investments; and Forty Sevens financial outlook.

Because such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward looking statements. The potential product candidates that Forty Seven develops may not progress through clinical development or receive required regulatory approvals within expected timelines or at all. In addition, clinical trials may not confirm any safety, potency or other product characteristics described or assumed in this press release. Such product candidates may not be beneficial to patients or successfully commercialized. The failure to meet expectations with respect to any of the foregoing matters may have a negative effect on Forty Seven's stock price. Additional information concerning these and other risk factors affecting Forty Seven's business can be found in Forty Seven's periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission at http://www.sec.gov. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and speak only as of the date hereof, and, except as required by law, Forty Seven disclaims any obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances.

For more information please visit http://www.fortyseveninc.com or contactinfo@fortyseveninc.com.

For journalist enquiries please contact Sarah Plumridge atfortyseven@hdmz.comor phone (312) 506-5218.

For investor enquiries please contact Hannah Deresiewicz at Stern Investor Relations Inc. athannah.deresiewicz@sternir.comor phone (212) 362-1200.

Forty Seven Inc.Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss(Unaudited)(In thousands, except share and per share data)

Forty Seven Inc.Condensed Balance Sheets(in thousands)

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Forty Seven, Inc. Reports Third Quarter 2019 Financial Results and Recent Business Highlights - GlobeNewswire

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Watch the numbers rise – four babies born every second! – FemaleFirst.co.uk

November 13th, 2019 6:51 am

12 November 2019

Imagine a place where it's not one baby born every minute, it's 4 every second.

Parenting on Female First

You don't need to imagine too hard, that's the world we live in. The popular TV show has it firmly ingrained into the nation's conscious that there's only "one born every minute". But did you know it's more like 4 born every second around the globe, that's 265 every minute?

The global population currently stands at 7.7 billion, and were adding to it by around 265 babies per minute. At this rate, the population is expected to continue to rise and to hit 8 billion in 2023 and 10 billion by 2050. There are around 130 million babies born every year around the globe. A big number like that means very little to most people; when you watch the global birth rate counter designed by cord blood collection and storage company Smart Cells, the number is far easier to visualise.

On opening the page, a counter starts charting birth rates on each continent by the second in real time, highlighting how in some areas, such as Sub-Saharan Africa, there is one baby born more frequently than every second: 72 per minute. The continent with the lowest birth rate might surprise you: North Americas total population is a figure not to be laughed at - almost 362 million - yet its birth rate is surprisingly small: just 11.64 babies are born to every 1000 members of the population, compared to 22.22 in the Middle East and North Africa, whose population numbers 444 million, the next closest population size.

These figures might be of interest to many, but what is more likely to be a shock is the impact that numbers like these have on pregnant women and new mothers around the world. Access to prenatal care and skilled staff present at births is dwindling in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, where just 58% of births in the latter are attended by skilled healthcare professionals and only 79% of women in the former receive prenatal care. This compares to 99% and 100% respectively in North America. This accounts to millions of pregnant women around the world who do not have access to suitable care for their needs, and 50% of women globally who do not receive the level of care that is recommended during pregnancy. It is suggested that, partly due to inadequate care during delivery, an estimated 303,000 mothers and 2.5 million newborns died in the first month of life in 2017.

Highlighting these figures is real time is important in helping people understand the effect that the disparity in healthcare has in less developed countries. One of the most shocking figures the counter presents is how closely the percentage of children with anaemia seems to relate to lack of access to prenatal healthcare. In areas like Sub-Saharan Africa where 60% of children under 5 suffer from anaemia, just 58% of these births were attended by skilled health staff; in South Asia, the number stands at 55% of children with anaemia and only 79% of pregnant women having access to prenatal care. Anaemia is the most common all blood conditions but Shamshad Ahmed, CEO at Smart Cells, explains, Stem cell therapy can help alleviate the symptoms of anaemia by boosting the production of healthy red blood cells.

He continues:

Advances in medicine, sanitation, and food production, has helped population numbers increase faster from the 1900s onwards. However, experts do believe population growth will peak in the next 100 years. Recently the negative effect that higher population has on our planet has been highlighted by campaigners, celebrities and the Royal Family. Experts believe limiting your family to only one or two children can help stabilise population growth to a level that wont put as much strain on our planets natural resources. It's hard to imagine the global population and births until you see it in numbers.

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Watch the numbers rise - four babies born every second! - FemaleFirst.co.uk

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Kadmon Announces that KD025 Met Primary Endpoint at Interim Analysis of Pivotal Trial in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease – Yahoo Finance

November 13th, 2019 6:51 am

NEW YORK / ACCESSWIRE / November 11, 2019 / Kadmon Holdings, Inc. (KDMN) today announced positive topline results from the planned interim analysis of ROCKstar (KD025-213), the fully enrolled pivotal trial evaluating KD025 in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) who have received at least two prior lines of systemic therapy. The trial met the primary endpoint of Overall Response Rate (ORR) at the interim analysis, which was conducted as scheduled two months after completion of enrollment.

KD025 showed statistically significant ORRs of 64% with KD025 200 mg once daily (QD) (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 51%, 75%; p<0.0001) and 67% with KD025 200 mg twice daily (BID) (95% CI: 54%, 78%; p<0.0001). KD025 has been well tolerated and adverse events have been consistent with those expected in the patient population.

"We are extremely pleased with the outcomes of the interim analysis, which showed that KD025 has already greatly exceeded the threshold for success in this pivotal trial," said Harlan W. Waksal, M.D., President and CEO of Kadmon. "We look forward to sharing these results with the FDA at a pre-NDA meeting, where we will also discuss the timing for a regulatory filing for KD025 in cGVHD, which we expect to occur in 2020, subject to FDA input."

"KD025 was shown to be a highly active and well-tolerated therapy across the spectrum of this complex, multi-organ disease," said Corey Cutler, MD, MPH, FRCPC, Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Medical Director, Adult Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and a KD025-213 study investigator and Steering Committee member. "The response rates observed are particularly impressive since this study is being conducted in a real-world population with severe disease, supporting the potential role of KD025 in cGVHD patients who are in need of effective and well-tolerated therapies."

"It is highly encouraging to see the positive results from the pivotal trial are in line with those observed in the earlier Phase 2 study of KD025 in this difficult-to-treat disease," said Madan Jagasia, MD, Vanderbilt University, an investigator of the KD025-208 and KD025-213 studies and the KD025-213 Steering Committee chair. "These latest KD025 data continue to underscore the value that KD025 may offer to cGVHD patients."

KD025-213 is an ongoing open-label trial of KD025 in adults and adolescents with cGVHD who have received at least two prior lines of systemic therapy. Patients were randomized to receive KD025 200 mg QD or KD025 200 mg BID, enrolling 66 patients per arm. Statistical significance is achieved if the lower bound of the 95% CI of ORR exceeds 30%, which was achieved in both arms of the trial at the interim analysis.

While the ORR endpoint was met at the interim analysis, the primary analysis of the KD025-213 study will occur in the first quarter of 2020, six months after completion of enrollment. This analysis will include updated safety data and efficacy data, including ORRs and secondary endpoints, such as duration of response, changes in corticosteroid dose and changes in quality of life. Kadmon plans to submit results from the KD025-213 study for presentation at an upcoming scientific meeting.

Conference Call and Webcast

Kadmon will host a conference call and webcast on Monday, November 11, 2019, at 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, to discuss the topline results of the interim analysis of the KD025-213 study.

To participate in the conference call, please dial (866) 762-3021 (domestic) or (703) 925-2661 (international) and reference the conference ID: 6468498. The accompanying slides will be available for download on Kadmon's website beginning at 5:00 p.m. Eastern time.

To listen online via webcast, please visit: https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/9b9w8p38. The webcast will be archived and will be available at http://investors.kadmon.com/presentations-and-events.

About KD025

KD025 is a selective oral inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2 (ROCK2), a signaling pathway that modulates inflammatory response. In addition to cGVHD, KD025 is being studied in an ongoing Phase 2 clinical trial in adults with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (KD025-209). KD025 was granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation and Orphan Drug Designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of patients with cGVHD who have received at least two prior lines of systemic therapy.

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About cGVHD

cGVHD is a common and often fatal complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In cGVHD, transplanted immune cells (graft) attack the patient's cells (host), leading to inflammation and fibrosis in multiple tissues, including skin, mouth, eye, joints, liver, lung, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract. Approximately 14,000 patients in the United States are currently living with cGVHD, and approximately 5,000 new patients are diagnosed with cGVHD per year.

About Kadmon

Kadmon is a biopharmaceutical company developing innovative products for significant unmet medical needs. Our product pipeline is focused on inflammatory and fibrotic diseases as well as immuno-oncology.

Forward Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements. Such statements may be preceded by the words "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "could," "intends," "targets," "projects," "contemplates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential" or "continue" or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We believe that these factors include, but are not limited to, (i) the initiation, timing, progress and results of our preclinical studies and clinical trials, including KD025-213, and our research and development programs; (ii) our ability to advance product candidates into, and successfully complete, clinical trials; (iii) our reliance on the success of our product candidates, including KD025; (iv) the timing or likelihood of regulatory filings and approvals, including in connection with KD025-213; (v) our ability to expand our sales and marketing capabilities; (vi) the commercialization of our product candidates, if approved; (vii) the pricing and reimbursement of our product candidates, if approved; (viii) the implementation of our business model, strategic plans for our business, product candidates and technology; (ix) the scope of protection we are able to establish and maintain for intellectual property rights covering our product candidates and technology; (x) our ability to operate our business without infringing the intellectual property rights and proprietary technology of third parties; (xi) costs associated with defending intellectual property infringement, product liability and other claims; (xii) regulatory developments in the United States, Europe and other jurisdictions; (xiii) estimates of our expenses, future revenues, capital requirements and our needs for additional financing; (xiv) the potential benefits of strategic collaboration agreements and our ability to enter into strategic arrangements; (xv) our ability to maintain and establish collaborations or obtain additional grant funding; (xvi) the rate and degree of market acceptance of our product candidates; (xvii) developments relating to our competitors and our industry, including competing therapies; (xviii) our ability to effectively manage our anticipated growth; (xix) our ability to attract and retain qualified employees and key personnel; (xx) our ability to achieve cost savings and other benefits from our efforts to streamline our operations and to not harm our business with such efforts; (xxi) the use of proceeds from our recent public offerings; (xxii) the potential benefits of any of our product candidates being granted orphan drug designation; (xxiii) the future trading price of the shares of our common stock and impact of securities analysts' reports on these prices; and/or (xxiv) other risks and uncertainties. More detailed information about Kadmon and the risk factors that may affect the realization of forward-looking statements is set forth in Kadmon's filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), including Kadmon's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Investors and security holders are urged to read these documents free of charge on the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov. Kadmon assumes no obligation to publicly update or revise its forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Contact Information

Ellen Cavaleri, Investor Relations646.490.2989ellen.cavaleri@kadmon.com

SOURCE: Kadmon Holdings, Inc.

View source version on accesswire.com: https://www.accesswire.com/566116/Kadmon-Announces-that-KD025-Met-Primary-Endpoint-at-Interim-Analysis-of-Pivotal-Trial-in-Chronic-Graft-Versus-Host-Disease

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Teva and Celltrion Announce the Availability of TRUXIMA (rituximab-abbs) Injection, the First Biosimilar to Rituxan (rituximab) in the United States -…

November 13th, 2019 6:51 am

JERUSALEM & PARSIPPANY, N.J. & INCHEON, South Korea--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., a U.S. affiliate of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (NYSE and TASE: TEVA), Celltrion, Inc., (KRX KRX:068270) and Celltrion Healthcare, Co., Ltd. (KRX KOSDAQ:091990), today announced that TRUXIMA (rituximab-abbs) injection is the first biosimilar to the reference product Rituxan1 (rituximab) now available in the United States with a full oncology label. TRUXIMA is currently indicated for the treatment of adult patients with non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (NHL) and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL):

We are excited about the first FDA-approved biosimilar to rituximab in the U.S., stated Brendan OGrady, Executive Vice President and Head of North America Commercial at Teva. Tevas commitment to biosimilars is focused on the potential to create lower healthcare costs and increased price competition. This focus is consistent with Tevas mission of making accessible medications to help improve the lives of patients.

TRUXIMA was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first rituximab biosimilar. The approval was based on a review of a comprehensive data package inclusive of foundational and extensive analytical characterization, nonclinical data, clinical pharmacology, immunogenicity, clinical efficacy, and safety data. In May 2019, the FDA approved TRUXIMA to match all of the reference products oncology indications for NHL and CLL. In light of a patent settlement with Genentech, Celltrion and Teva have a pending FDA submission for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and a license from Genentech to expand the TRUXIMA label to include these indications in Q2 2020.

We are pleased to announce the launch of the first rituximab biosimilar, TRUXIMA, with our marketing partner Teva in the U.S. said Mr. Hyoung-Ki Kim, Vice Chairman at Celltrion Healthcare. We believe that the introduction of TRUXIMA into the U.S. market will contribute to addressing unmet needs of U.S. patients as well.

The Wholesale Acquisition Cost (WAC or list price) for TRUXIMA will be 10 percent lower than the reference product. TRUXIMA is being made available through primary wholesalers at a WAC of $845.55 for 100mg vial and $4227.75 for 500mg vial. Actual costs to individual patients and providers for TRUXIMA are anticipated to be lower than WAC because WAC does not account for additional rebates and discounts that may apply. Savings on out-of-pocket costs may vary depending on the patients insurance payer and eligibility for participation in the assistance program.

Dedicated patient support services are also available from Teva through the Comprehensive Oncology Reimbursement Expertise (CORE) program. CORE is available to help eligible patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals navigate the reimbursement process. CORE offers a range of services, including benefits verification and coverage determination, support for precertification and prior authorization, assistance with coverage guidelines and claims investigation, and support through the claims and appeals process. A savings program is also available for eligible commercially insured patients. To learn more, please visit TevaCORE.com. For healthcare professionals seeking additional information, there is also a dedicated site at TRUXIMAhcp.com.

Celltrion and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. entered into an exclusive partnership in October 2016 to commercialize TRUXIMA in the U.S. and Canada.

Please see the Important Safety Information below including the Boxed Warning regarding fatal infusion-related reactions, severe mucocutaneous reactions, hepatitis B virus reactivation and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. For more information, please visit the full prescribing information.

Important Safety Information

WARNING: FATAL INFUSION-RELATED REACTIONS, SEVERE MUCOCUTANEOUS REACTIONS, HEPATITIS B VIRUS REACTIVATION and PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY

Infusion-Related Reactions - Administration of rituximab products, including TRUXIMA, can result in serious, including fatal, infusion-related reactions. Deaths within 24 hours of rituximab infusion have occurred. Approximately 80% of fatal infusion-related reactions occurred in association with the first infusion. Monitor patients closely. Discontinue TRUXIMA infusion for severe reactions and provide medical treatment for Grade 3 or 4 infusion-related reactions

Severe Mucocutaneous Reactions - Severe, including fatal, mucocutaneous reactions can occur in patients receiving rituximab products

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Reactivation - HBV reactivation can occur in patients treated with rituximab products, in some cases resulting in fulminant hepatitis, hepatic failure, and death. Screen all patients for HBV infection before treatment initiation, and monitor patients during and after treatment with TRUXIMA. Discontinue TRUXIMA and concomitant medications in the event of HBV reactivation

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML), including fatal PML, can occur in patients receiving rituximab products

Warnings and Precautions

Infusion-Related Reactions - Rituximab products can cause severe, including fatal, infusion-related reactions. Severe reactions typically occurred during the first infusion with time to onset of 30-120 minutes. Rituximab product-induced infusion-related reactions and sequelae include urticaria, hypotension, angioedema, hypoxia, bronchospasm, pulmonary infiltrates, acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial infarction, ventricular fibrillation, cardiogenic shock, anaphylactoid events, or death.

Premedicate patients with an antihistamine and acetaminophen prior to dosing. Institute medical management (e.g. glucocorticoids, epinephrine, bronchodilators, or oxygen) for infusion-related reactions as needed. Depending on the severity of the infusion-related reaction and the required interventions, temporarily or permanently discontinue TRUXIMA. Resume infusion at a minimum 50% reduction in rate after symptoms have resolved. Closely monitor the following patients: those with pre-existing cardiac or pulmonary conditions, those who experienced prior cardiopulmonary adverse reactions, and those with high numbers of circulating malignant cells (>25,000/mm3)

Severe Mucocutaneous Reactions - Mucocutaneous reactions, some with fatal outcome, can occur in patients treated with rituximab products. These reactions include paraneoplastic pemphigus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, lichenoid dermatitis, vesiculobullous dermatitis, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The onset of these reactions has been variable and includes reports with onset on the first day of rituximab exposure. Discontinue TRUXIMA in patients who experience a severe mucocutaneous reaction. The safety of re-administration of rituximab products to patients with severe mucocutaneous reactions has not been determined.

Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, in some cases resulting in fulminant hepatitis, hepatic failure and death, can occur in patients treated with drugs classified as CD20-directed cytolytic antibodies, including rituximab products. Cases have been reported in patients who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and also in patients who are HBsAg negative but are hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) positive. Reactivation also has occurred in patients who appear to have resolved hepatitis B infection (i.e., HBsAg negative, anti-HBc positive and hepatitis B surface antibody [anti-HBs] positive).

HBV reactivation is defined as an abrupt increase in HBV replication manifesting as a rapid increase in serum HBV DNA levels or detection of HBsAg in a person who was previously HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive. Reactivation of HBV replication is often followed by hepatitis, i.e., increase in transaminase levels. In severe cases increase in bilirubin levels, liver failure, and death can occur.

Screen all patients for HBV infection by measuring HBsAg and anti-HBc before initiating treatment with TRUXIMA. For patients who show evidence of prior hepatitis B infection (HBsAg positive [regardless of antibody status] or HBsAg negative but anti-HBc positive), consult with physicians with expertise in managing hepatitis B regarding monitoring and consideration for HBV antiviral therapy before and/or during TRUXIMA treatment.

Monitor patients with evidence of current or prior HBV infection for clinical and laboratory signs of hepatitis or HBV reactivation during and for several months following TRUXIMA therapy. HBV reactivation has been reported up to 24 months following completion of rituximab therapy.

In patients who develop reactivation of HBV while on TRUXIMA, immediately discontinue TRUXIMA and any concomitant chemotherapy, and institute appropriate treatment. Insufficient data exist regarding the safety of resuming TRUXIMA treatment in patients who develop HBV reactivation. Resumption of TRUXIMA treatment in patients whose HBV reactivation resolves should be discussed with physicians with expertise in managing HBV.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) - JC virus infection resulting in PML and death can occur in rituximab product-treated patients with hematologic malignancies. The majority of patients with hematologic malignancies diagnosed with PML received rituximab in combination with chemotherapy or as part of a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Most cases of PML were diagnosed within 12 months of their last infusion of rituximab.

Consider the diagnosis of PML in any patient presenting with new-onset neurologic manifestations. Evaluation of PML includes, but is not limited to, consultation with a neurologist, brain MRI, and lumbar puncture.

Discontinue TRUXIMA and consider discontinuation or reduction of any concomitant chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy in patients who develop PML.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) - Acute renal failure, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, or hyperphosphatemia from tumor lysis, sometimes fatal, can occur within 12-24 hours after the first infusion of rituximab products in patients with NHL. A high number of circulating malignant cells (>25,000/mm3) or high tumor burden, confers a greater risk of TLS.

Administer aggressive intravenous hydration and anti-hyperuricemic therapy in patients at high risk for TLS. Correct electrolyte abnormalities, monitor renal function and fluid balance, and administer supportive care, including dialysis as indicated.

Infections - Serious, including fatal, bacterial, fungal, and new or reactivated viral infections can occur during and following the completion of rituximab product-based therapy. Infections have been reported in some patients with prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia (defined as hypogammaglobulinemia >11 months after rituximab exposure). New or reactivated viral infections included cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, parvovirus B19, varicella zoster virus, West Nile virus, and hepatitis B and C. Discontinue TRUXIMA for serious infections and institute appropriate anti-infective therapy. TRUXIMA is not recommended for use in patients with severe, active infections.

Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions - Cardiac adverse reactions, including ventricular fibrillation, myocardial infarction, and cardiogenic shock may occur in patients receiving rituximab products. Discontinue infusions for serious or life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Perform cardiac monitoring during and after all infusions of TRUXIMA for patients who develop clinically significant arrhythmias, or who have a history of arrhythmia or angina.

Renal Toxicity - Severe, including fatal, renal toxicity can occur after rituximab product administration in patients with NHL. Renal toxicity has occurred in patients who experience tumor lysis syndrome and in patients with NHL administered concomitant cisplatin therapy during clinical trials. The combination of cisplatin and TRUXIMA is not an approved treatment regimen. Monitor closely for signs of renal failure and discontinue TRUXIMA in patients with a rising serum creatinine or oliguria.

Bowel Obstruction and Perforation - Abdominal pain, bowel obstruction and perforation, in some cases leading to death, can occur in patients receiving rituximab in combination with chemotherapy. In postmarketing reports, the mean time to documented gastrointestinal perforation was 6 (range 1-77) days in patients with NHL. Evaluate if symptoms of obstruction such as abdominal pain or repeated vomiting occur.

Immunization - The safety of immunization with live viral vaccines following rituximab product therapy has not been studied and vaccination with live virus vaccines is not recommended before or during treatment.

Embryo-Fetal Toxicity - Based on human data, rituximab products can cause fetal harm due to B-cell lymphocytopenia in infants exposed to rituximab in-utero. Advise pregnant women of the risk to a fetus. Females of childbearing potential should use effective contraception while receiving TRUXIMA and for 12 months following the last dose of TRUXIMA.

Most common adverse reactions in clinical trials of NHL (>25%) were: infusion-related reactions, fever, lymphopenia, chills, infection, and asthenia

Most common adverse reactions in clinical trials of CLL (>25%) were: infusion-related reactions and neutropenia

Nursing Mothers - There are no data on the presence of rituximab in human milk, the effect on the breastfed child, or the effect on milk production. Since many drugs including antibodies are present in human milk, advise a lactating woman not to breastfeed during treatment and for at least 6 months after the last dose of TRUXIMA due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants.

About TRUXIMA

TRUXIMA (rituximab-abbs) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved biosimilar to RITUXAN (rituximab) for the treatment of adult patients with CD20-positive, B-cell NHL to be used as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy or CLL in combination with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC).

TRUXIMA has the same mechanism of action as Rituxan and has demonstrated biosimilarity to Rituxan through a totality of evidence.

About Celltrion Healthcare, Co. Ltd.

Celltrion Healthcare conducts the worldwide marketing, sales and distribution of biological medicines developed by Celltrion, Inc. through an extensive global network that spans more than 120 different countries. Celltrion Healthcares products are manufactured at state-of-the-art mammalian cell culture facilities, designed and built to comply with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cGMP guidelines and the EU GMP guidelines.

About Celltrion, Inc.

Headquartered in Incheon, Korea, Celltrion is a leading biopharmaceutical company, specializing in research, development and manufacturing of biosimilar and innovative drugs. Celltrion strives to provide more affordable biosimilar mAbs to patients who previously had limited access to advanced therapeutics. Celltrion received FDA approval for TRUXIMA (rituximab-abbs) and HERZUMA (trastuzumab-pkrb) in 2018.

About Teva

Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (NYSE and TASE: TEVA) has been developing and producing medicines to improve peoples lives for more than a century. We are a global leader in generic and specialty medicines with a portfolio consisting of over 3,500 products in nearly every therapeutic area. Around 200 million people around the world take a Teva medicine every day, and are served by one of the largest and most complex supply chains in the pharmaceutical industry. Along with our established presence in generics, we have significant innovative research and operations supporting our growing portfolio of specialty and biopharmaceutical products. Learn more at http://www.tevapharm.com.

Teva's Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding TRUXIMA, which are based on managements current beliefs and expectations and are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, both known and unknown, that could cause our future results, performance or achievements to differ significantly from that expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include risks relating to:

and other factors discussed in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the first and second quarter of 2019 and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, including in the sections captioned "Risk Factors and Forward Looking Statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements or other information contained herein, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are cautioned not to put undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

1 RITUXAN is a registered trademark of Genentech and Biogen.

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$0.04 EPS Expected for Crispr Therapeutics AG (NASDAQ:CRSP) This Quarter – Casper Courier

November 13th, 2019 6:51 am

Wall Street brokerages expect Crispr Therapeutics AG (NASDAQ:CRSP) to post earnings of $0.04 per share for the current quarter, according to Zacks. Three analysts have issued estimates for Crispr Therapeutics earnings, with the lowest EPS estimate coming in at $0.01 and the highest estimate coming in at $0.07. Crispr Therapeutics reported earnings per share of ($0.92) in the same quarter last year, which suggests a positive year-over-year growth rate of 104.3%. The business is scheduled to report its next quarterly earnings results on Monday, February 24th.

On average, analysts expect that Crispr Therapeutics will report full year earnings of $0.65 per share for the current financial year, with EPS estimates ranging from $0.58 to $0.71. For the next fiscal year, analysts expect that the company will post earnings of ($4.72) per share, with EPS estimates ranging from ($5.76) to ($3.67). Zacks EPS averages are a mean average based on a survey of research firms that cover Crispr Therapeutics.

Crispr Therapeutics (NASDAQ:CRSP) last issued its earnings results on Monday, October 28th. The company reported $2.40 earnings per share (EPS) for the quarter, topping analysts consensus estimates of ($0.95) by $3.35. Crispr Therapeutics had a negative return on equity of 2.60% and a negative net margin of 5.30%. The company had revenue of $211.93 million for the quarter, compared to analysts expectations of $6.32 million.

CRSP has been the topic of a number of recent research reports. Piper Jaffray Companies reiterated an overweight rating on shares of Crispr Therapeutics in a report on Monday, October 21st. Needham & Company LLC reiterated a buy rating and issued a $62.00 target price on shares of Crispr Therapeutics in a report on Wednesday, July 31st. TheStreet upgraded Crispr Therapeutics from a d rating to a c rating in a report on Monday, October 28th. Canaccord Genuity initiated coverage on Crispr Therapeutics in a report on Friday, July 26th. They issued a buy rating and a $72.00 target price on the stock. Finally, Zacks Investment Research cut Crispr Therapeutics from a hold rating to a sell rating in a report on Monday, September 30th. Two equities research analysts have rated the stock with a sell rating, four have assigned a hold rating and eleven have assigned a buy rating to the companys stock. Crispr Therapeutics has a consensus rating of Buy and a consensus target price of $57.95.

In other Crispr Therapeutics news, Director Pablo J. Cagnoni sold 7,500 shares of the firms stock in a transaction on Wednesday, October 30th. The stock was sold at an average price of $52.00, for a total transaction of $390,000.00. Following the transaction, the director now directly owns 7,500 shares in the company, valued at approximately $390,000. The sale was disclosed in a document filed with the SEC, which is available through this hyperlink. 21.40% of the stock is currently owned by company insiders.

A number of large investors have recently modified their holdings of the business. Nikko Asset Management Americas Inc. lifted its stake in Crispr Therapeutics by 48.4% during the 3rd quarter. Nikko Asset Management Americas Inc. now owns 2,777,414 shares of the companys stock valued at $113,846,000 after acquiring an additional 906,006 shares in the last quarter. ARK Investment Management LLC increased its position in shares of Crispr Therapeutics by 34.7% during the 2nd quarter. ARK Investment Management LLC now owns 2,724,349 shares of the companys stock valued at $128,317,000 after purchasing an additional 701,332 shares during the last quarter. Price T Rowe Associates Inc. MD increased its position in shares of Crispr Therapeutics by 19.6% during the 2nd quarter. Price T Rowe Associates Inc. MD now owns 738,869 shares of the companys stock valued at $34,801,000 after purchasing an additional 121,176 shares during the last quarter. Wells Fargo & Company MN increased its position in shares of Crispr Therapeutics by 23.9% during the 2nd quarter. Wells Fargo & Company MN now owns 603,905 shares of the companys stock valued at $28,443,000 after purchasing an additional 116,540 shares during the last quarter. Finally, Morgan Stanley increased its position in shares of Crispr Therapeutics by 6.1% during the 2nd quarter. Morgan Stanley now owns 284,984 shares of the companys stock valued at $13,423,000 after purchasing an additional 16,361 shares during the last quarter. Institutional investors and hedge funds own 51.09% of the companys stock.

Shares of CRSP traded up $2.67 during trading hours on Friday, reaching $53.58. The stock had a trading volume of 1,632,533 shares, compared to its average volume of 619,587. Crispr Therapeutics has a 12 month low of $22.22 and a 12 month high of $56.16. The firm has a 50-day simple moving average of $42.62 and a 200 day simple moving average of $44.25. The company has a current ratio of 8.32, a quick ratio of 8.32 and a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.06. The company has a market capitalization of $2.79 billion, a price-to-earnings ratio of -15.58 and a beta of 3.15.

Crispr Therapeutics Company Profile

CRISPR Therapeutics AG, a gene editing company, focuses on developing transformative gene-based medicines for the treatment of serious human diseases using its regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein-9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene-editing platform in Switzerland. Its lead product candidate is CTX001, an ex vivo CRISPR gene-edited therapy for treating patients suffering from dependent beta thalassemia or severe sickle cell disease in which a patient's hematopoietic stem cells are engineered to produce high levels of fetal hemoglobin in red blood cells.

Further Reading: Net Income

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$0.04 EPS Expected for Crispr Therapeutics AG (NASDAQ:CRSP) This Quarter - Casper Courier

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UVM Health Taps LunaPBC, Invitae on Genomic Testing Pilot Project – Clinical OMICs News

November 13th, 2019 6:50 am

The University of Vermont Health Network, along with partners Invitae and LunaPBC, launched a pilot project on November 1, to offer the Genomic DNA Test as part of its clinical care. The test will provide information for 147 genes that are indicators of increased risk for certain diseases including hereditary cancers, cardiovascular conditions, and other medically important disorders for which clinical treatment guidelines are established. The test also screens for carrier status for other diseases.

Our overall health and longevity are determined about 30% by genetics, said Debra Leonard, M.D, Ph.D., chair, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at UVM Health in a press release. But until now, most of our clinical health care decisions have been made without understanding the differences in each individuals DNA that could help guide those decisions.

The Genomic DNA Test will be offered over the next year to 1,000 patients who are over 18 years old, are treated by a UVM Health Network Family Medicine provider, are not pregnant, or the partner of someone who is currently pregnant, and are part of the OneCare Vermont Accountable Care Organization (ACO). The testing will be conducted by Invitae on healthy individuals who opt in to the pilot and will be provided with information about their potential risk of developing diseases like cancer or heart disease based on their genetic make-up, with the potential to adjust their healthcare and lifestyle to help mitigate some of these risks.

Nearly one-in-six healthy individuals exhibit a genetic variant for which instituting or altering medical management is warranted, said Robert Nussbaum, M.D., Invitaes chief medical officer in a prepared statement. Genetic screening like the Genomic DNA Test in a population health setting can help identify these risk factors so clinicians can better align disease management and prevention strategies for each patient.

The test and any pre- and post-test genetic counseling services will be provided to pilot project participants at no charge and results will become a part of each patients medical record and available to the patient and all of his or her healthcare providers.

In addition to providing patient-specific information that can help determine health and wellness decisions, patient genomic data can also be used in for broader research applications that are helping to unravel the genetic basis for a number of diseases.

Patients who are interested in making their data available for research purposes can share their data through LunaDNA, the sharing platform of pilot project partner LunaPBC. Patients who choose to share their data with researchers will become shareholders in LunaPBC, a public benefit corporation owned by the individuals who provide their genomic data to the company. Data provided by LunaDNA to researchers I de-identified to protect the privacy of its member-owners. In the future the patients will also be able to shareand receive additional LunaPBC share forlifestyle, nutrition and environmental data.

Vermonters who choose to share their genomic data for research will play a leading role in the advancement of precision medicine, said Dawn Barry, LunaPBC president and co-founder. This effort puts patients first to create a virtuous cycle for research that doesnt sacrifice patients control or privacy.We are proud to bring our values as a public benefit corporation and community-owned platform to this partnership.

According to UVM Health, the pilot program, run through the ACO is a step toward moving to a value-based healthcare system.

Vermont and other states are moving away from fee-for-service health care and toward a system that emphasizes prevention, keeping people healthy, and treating illness at its earliest stages, Leonard said. Integrating genetic risks into clinical care will help patients and providers in their decision-making.

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Attention Vegetable Haters: It Could Be In Your Genes – CBS Boston

November 13th, 2019 6:50 am

By Sandee LaMotte, CNN

(CNN) If certain vegetables have always made you gag, you may be more than a picky eater. Instead, you might be what scientists call a super-taster: a person with a genetic predisposition to taste food differently.

Unfortunately, being a super-taster doesnt make everything taste better. In fact, it can do the opposite.

Super-tasters are extremely sensitive to bitterness, a common characteristic of many dark green, leafy veggies such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and Brussels sprouts, to name a few.

The person who has that genetic propensity gets more of the sulfur flavor of, say, Brussels sprouts, especially if theyve been overcooked, said University of Connecticut professor Valerie Duffy, an expert in the study of food taste, preference and consumption.

So that [bitter] vegetable is disliked, and because people generalize, soon all vegetables are disliked, Duffy said. If you ask people, Do you like vegetables? They dont usually say, Oh yeah, I dont like this, but I like these others. People tend to either like vegetables or not.

In fact, people with the bitter gene are2.6 times more likely to eat fewer vegetables than people who donot have that gene, according to a new study presented Monday at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association.

We wanted to know if genetics affected the ability of people who need to eat heart-healthy foods from eating them, said study author Jennifer Smith, a registered nurse who is a postdoc in cardiovascular science at the University of Kentucky School of Medicine.

While we didnt see results in gene type for sodium, sugar or saturated fat, we did see a difference in vegetables, Smith said, adding that people with the gene tasted a ruin-your-day level of bitterness.

Our sense of taste relies on much more than a gene or two. Receptors on our taste buds are primed to respond to five basic flavors: salty, sweet, sour, bitter and umami, which is a savory flavor created by an amino acid called glutamate (think of mushrooms, soy sauce, broth and aged cheeses).

But its also smelling through the mouth and the touch, texture and temperature of the food, Duffy said. Its very difficult to separate out taste from the rest. So when any of us say the food tastes good, its a composite sensation that were reacting to.

Even our saliva can enter the mix, creating unique ways to experience food.

When we come to the table, we dont perceive the food flavor or the taste of food equally, Duffy said. Some people live in a pastel food world versus others who might live in a more vibrant, neon food world. It could explain some of the differences in our food preference.

While there are more than 25 different taste receptors in our mouth, one in particular has been highly researched: the TAS2R38, which has two variants called AVI and PAV.

About 50% of us inherent one of each, and while we can taste bitter and sweet, we are not especially sensitive to bitter foods.

Another 25% of us are called non-tasters because we received two copies of AVI. Non-tasters arent at all sensitive to bitterness; in fact food might actually be perceived as a bit sweeter.

The last 25% of us have two copies of PAV, which creates the extreme sensitivity to the bitterness some plants develop to keep animals from eating them.

When it comes to bitterness in the veggie family, the worst offenders tend to be cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, kale, bok choy, arugula, watercress, collards and cauliflower.

Thats too bad, because they are also full of fiber, low in calories and are nutrient powerhouses. Theyre packed with vitamins A and C and whats called phytonutrients, which are compounds that may help to lower inflammation.

Rejecting cruciferous or any type of vegetable is a problem for the growing waistline and health of America.

As we age as a population, vegetables are very important for helping us maintain our weight, providing all those wonderful nutrients to help us maintain our immune system and lower inflammation to prevent cancer, heart disease and more, Duffy said.

Food scientists are trying to develop ways to reduce the bitterness in veggies, in the hopes we can keep another generation of super-tasters from rejecting vegetables.

Theres been some success. In fact, the Brussels sprouts we eat today are much sweeter than those our parents or grandparents ate. Dutch growers in the 90s searched their seed archives for older, less bitter varieties, then cross-pollinated them with todays higher yielding varieties.

People who already reject vegetables might try to use various cooking methods that can mask the bitter taste.

Just because somebody carries the two copies of the bitter gene doesnt mean that they cant enjoy vegetables, Duffy said. Cooking techniques such as adding a little fat, a little bit of sweetness, strong flavors like garlic or roasting them in the oven, which brings out natural sweetness, can all enhance the overall flavor or taste of the vegetable and block the bitterness.

The-CNN-Wire & 2019 Cable News Network, Inc., a WarnerMedia Company. All rights reserved.

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Attention Vegetable Haters: It Could Be In Your Genes - CBS Boston

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Doctors Caught on Tape Plotting to Take Custody of Newborns Whose Parents Refuse Vitamin K Shots | News and Politics – PJ Media

November 13th, 2019 6:50 am

After a class-action lawsuit was filed in October against several hospitals, Illinois Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS), and several doctors, audio has surfaced of some of the defendants in the case plotting to collude with DCFS to take children away from parents extra-lawfully. Recordings of these doctors at a committee meeting appear to bolster the plaintiffs' claims that the hospitals and agencies named in the suit "used the power given to them as State officials and/or employees and through their authorities and investigative powers to cause the Plaintiffs to be threatened and coerced into accepting unwanted and unnecessary medical procedures," as alleged in the lawsuit.

In April of 2018, the Perinatal Advisory Committee (PAC) that operates under the Illinois Department of Health met to discuss giving injections of Vitamin K in violation of the written refusals of parents. Not all the people on the recording can be identified by voice. PJ Media reached out to the members of the PAC but none would respond to identify who is speaking. But it is certain that all persons speaking are on the committee and a list of who was there can be seen at the end of this article. The following is a transcript of the recording.

WOMAN #2: On the wording on this and I actually just texted our neonatologist cause he wanted to be here and couldnt. We are a little concerned that its saying: The hospitals will. But it says: DCFS may. Mandating hospitals to do things but giving DCFS options to do things. So, then that puts the hospital in a little bit of a problem because I dont think hospitals want to be taking over custody all the time and then DCFS may investigate for medical neglect.

WOMAN #1: Its the issue is whether you are mandated to give vitamin k by taking protective custody. This is what this does. It doesnt mean that DCFS has to say the parent cant be the parent. But, it gives you the chance to give the child vitamin K through DCFS.

UNDETERMINED MAN: Correct.

WOMAN #1: So, I think it is okay. You dont need every parent to be accused of medical neglect and investigated. You need the right to give the vitamin k which DCFS will provide the custody for with this consistent message.

MS. LIGHTNER: I think you want the wiggle room of the may on the DCFS side because what I have heard is: If they are automatically slapped with medical neglect theres all sorts of ramifications there. So, you want DCFS to have that because if its shall

MAN #3: So, please clarify if DCFS says No, we are not going to investigate but the hospital has taken

WOMAN #1: You can take Protective custody is just the right to do what you think is right for the baby. And, DCFS, if they say, yes, that we agree with you, cause this is our rule. You give the vitamin K and then do any of us really care what happens next?

WOMAN #3: No, but can they sue you then?

WOMAN #1: No, because you have their you took protective custody. Thats the part that we have to assure with DCFS. That when we do this

MS. LIGHTNER: Need DCFS to assure you.

WOMAN #1: Yes, thats what I mean, DCFS has to say, This is our protocol, no matter what else we do: You are protected.

MAN #3: At what point does protective custody stop?

MULTIPLE VOICES. Right after

UNDETERMINED WOMAN: Its two minutes or whatever it is.

UNDETERMINED WOMAN: How much beyond?

UNDETERMINED MAN: As soon as you give the injection.

UNDETERMINED WOMAN Continues: Is it two minutes? Is it ten minutes? Do we wait until DCFS says we are coming or we are not coming?

WOMAN #1: They dont have to come. I think protective custody is you just claim that you have done it.

You can listen below.

This audio is shocking proof that doctors hold immense power over individual rights. Liberty died around a board room table in Chicago that day. Innocent parents had their children removed from their custody on nothing more than some unelected busybody's opinion that their medical degree was more important than constitutional rights and the right to informed consent.

At least one member of the PAC made it clear that she didn't care what happened after she imposed her will on American citizens using the power of the State. Although she may not care what happens next, when a doctor declares a parent unfit to make medical decisions and involves child welfare, the consequences are nothing short of horrific.

Medical kidnappings can and do result in accusations of "medical child abuse" by child welfare agents, leading to lengthy court battles and even the termination of parental rights. The Drake Pardo case in Texas illustrates this growing threat to families. Drake was taken from his parents and put into foster care because his mother wanted a second opinion on his condition. Theirs isn't the only story of doctors-gone-wild with power and professional privilege. The case of Justine Pelletier resulted in national attention when Boston Children's Hospital held a child with a rare mitochondrial disease for 16 months against her will, without proper treatment, and away from her parents in a psych ward until a judge intervened and ordered her to be returned to her family.

The epidemic of doctors taking custody of children because they deem themselves smarter and more capable of making decisions than parents is getting worse across all fields of medicine where children are seen, especially in rare genetic disorder cases. Mitochondrial Disease News reported the scary reality.

Hollinger, who has been with MitoAction for eight years, was previously a nurse at New Yorks Albany Medical Center. She spoke about medical child abuse at an October 2017 rare disease summit in Washington, D.C., sponsored by theNational Organization for Rare Disorders, which counts MitoAction among its 260 patient advocacy groups.

We need medical professionals, but the way I see it, the families are experts on their child in a way the doctor isnt, Hollinger explained. We are not all the same, even if we have the same genetic mutations.

She added: Child protective agencies are out there, and they work quite closely with the doctors. But theyre overworked and they know nothing about rare diseases. So, if some doctor or school says I think theyre overdoing it, Child Protective Services will ask the name of this disease. Theyre already aligning themselves and not in your ballpark.

The fact that doctors in Chicago are trying to expand the definition of medical neglect to include refusal of procedures that are not mandated by law, and DCFS appears to be eager to do their bidding, is unconscionable and if unchecked it will lead to more innocent families torn apart unnecessarily. The lawsuit is a good step forward to hold these people accountable, but there is no amount of money that can make right the damage that is done to a bonding newborn and mother when forcibly separated.

The recorded members of the PAC who were in attendance at the April 2018 meeting can be seen in the screenshot of the meeting minutes below.

Megan Fox is the author of Believe Evidence; The Death of Due Process from Salome to #MeToo. Follow on Twitter @MeganFoxWriter

See more here:
Doctors Caught on Tape Plotting to Take Custody of Newborns Whose Parents Refuse Vitamin K Shots | News and Politics - PJ Media

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