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A Brave New World: Tech Ethics Course Encourages Students to Mull the Implications of New Technologies – Harbus Online

November 11th, 2019 11:44 am

Ryo Takahashi, CEO

Ryo Takahashi (MBA 20) speaks with Professor Michael Sandel.

Bracing for a Brave New World

Scenes of genetic selection in Gattaca (1997), the telescreen surveillance state depicted in Orwells 1984 (1948), and the apprehension of criminals before they commit a crime as depicted in Minority Report (2002) may seem like distant dystopian science fiction.

Until recently. The rate of progress in technology has surpassed not only our ability to regulate its uses, but also our ability to engage in meaningful discourse on how technology ought to be used.

Recent advances in human trials for gene-editing technologies such as CRISPR, the deployment of emotion recognition in surveillance systems, and innovations in predictive policing technology all suggest that we are getting progressively closer to the use of such technologies, once the work of dystopian fiction, without adequately thinking through the potential consequences.

Growing interest over the promises and perils of technology has led to Professors Douglas Melton and Michael Sandel to offer Tech Ethics, a university-wide course being taught this year at HBSs Klarman Hall.

This is a new version of a course that Doug Melton and I have taught on and off over the past 10 years or so, said Professor Sandel.

The course was originally called Ethics and Biotechnology. The original focus of the course was on the ethics of stem cell research, genetic engineering, and the ethical implications of the genetic and biotech revolution.

Since then, the course has evolved and we have added topics related to AI, robots, algorithms, and big data, given the growing importance of those areas.

When we were debating questions of stem cell research and parents genetically creating designer babies, these were fascinating but somewhat distant from students personal experience. But when we talk about the ethics of the internet, or of the behaviors of technology companies, these are very immediate questions, because these are technologies that students interact with every hour of every day. This has heightened interest in the course.

Inviting debate on ethical issues

To date, the course has focused on topics as far-ranging as gene editing and genetic enhancement, algorithmic fairness and discrimination, the role of big data and social media, and genetically altered athletes and animals. Issues such as fairness, paternalism, freedom, and agency of the individual have oftentimes been at the core of many debates.

Sandel urges students who enroll in the course to come ready to think through and explore issues, as opposed to coming in with fixed opinions.

As democratic citizens, we have to be asking these questions today. If we dont think through the ethical implications of new technologies, we will be at their mercy. Technology is a tool. But its something we can use responsibly only if we reflect on how the tools should be used.

How can the tools be made to advance the common good, rather than to acquire a momentum of their own that winds up undermining democratic elections, or transforming the relations of parents to children, or leading to global warming if we dont think through our relation to nature? asks Sandel.

A course for all students

Each week, the course draws students from Harvards various schools, ranging from undergraduates to students pursuing professional degrees, including from Harvard Business School and Harvard Law School.

When I saw the course, I knew immediately that I want to take it, said Alex Mao (MBA 20).

I enrolled in Tech Ethics because I want to hear what other people think. On some issues I have a firm opinion whereas on others Im eager to hear others perspectives. We need to think about the implications of these technologies since its moving so quickly.

Previous versions of the course were for undergraduates, said Sandel.

Over time, it became clear to us that tech ethics is a subject that has become central to the various professionsof business, law, medicine, public health, government and public policy, the divinity school, etc.

Thats why we decided to make the course open to all students across the university, he said.

Klarman Hall seemed like the perfect venue for such an endeavor.

In a conversation with President Bacow about our ambition to launch a university-wide course, he strongly encouraged us to do it across the river, in this gorgeous new auditorium at HBS. He felt it would symbolize the idea of drawing together students from across the University into a shared, One Harvard academic community.

I was unsure whether undergrads would travel across the river for a course. We didnt know until the first day of class, when more than 1,000 students packed Klarman Hall, he said.

Given whats at stake, the long march may well be worth it.

Ryo Takahashi (MBA 20), originally from Japan, is a management consultant and writer. Prior to Harvard Business School, he worked as a Project Manager at the World Economic Forum (WEF) and was a Senior Associate at McKinsey & Company. Prior to these roles he worked at the Economist and the Japan Times. His writing has appeared in Time magazine, the Economist, the Japan Times, and the World Economic Forum, among other outlets. He received his B.A. in Economics (with Distinction) from The University of Tokyo and was also a Rotary Scholar to the London School of Economics.

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Promethera Biosciences Presents Updated Clinical Results at AASLD 2019 for World’s First Stem Cell Therapy Trial using HepaStem in Acute-on-Chronic…

November 11th, 2019 11:42 am

MONT-SAINT-GUIBERT, Belgium--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Promethera Biosciences SA, a global innovator in cell-based medicines and liver diseases, published updated clinical data from the ongoing phase 2a study (HEP101) of its lead product candidate HepaStem in patients with Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) or acute decompensation (AD) at high risk of developing ACLF. The data were presented in an oral presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) on November 10, 2019, in Boston, by Prometheras principal investigator Prof. F. Nevens, KULeuven, Belgium. The data set confirmed earlier findings presented at The International Liver Congress - ILC 2019 in April.

Currently, liver transplant is the only rescue treatment for patients suffering from ACLF and to a lesser degree for patients with acute decompensation of the liver (AD). There are no other existing therapies that can rescue the end-stage-liver failure. Promethera is developing HepaStem as an alternative to transplant; it consists of liver derived stem cells that are obtained from ethically donated healthy human organs and expanded in GMP culture conditions. These liver derived signaling stem cells migrate through the blood stream to reach the liver, where they support the tissue regeneration via their potent secretome.

In the trial HEP101, HepaStem has been intravenously infused in single or repeated injections in multiple ascending doses in patients to assess the tolerability and the safety profile of the treatment. The trial which recruited a total of 24 patients, including 16 patients with ACLF and 8 patients with AD has met its primary endpoint.

With one or two repeated doses up to 1.2 million cells per kilogram of body weight, no adverse events related to HepaStem occurred and no clinically significant changes were shown in platelet count, fibrinogen levels, and coagulation factors following HepaStem infusion. The demonstrated safety of two infusions of 1.2 million cells per kilogram of body weight provide solid guidance for conducting the subsequent trials. In addition to the positive safety profile, the study has shown trends in efficacy with improvement in three indicators of liver disease severity; Model for End Stage Liver Disease score (MELD), Child-Pugh score and bilirubin levels, 28 days and three months after treatment initiation. Promethera plans to demonstrate the efficacy of HepaStem at 1.0 million cells per kilogram of body weight in ACLF with a large multicentric double blind placebo-controlled trial (HEP102). The study HEP102 is expected to start end 2019.

We continue to pioneer the use of liver stem cells for the treatment of severe liver diseases and the updated status from the worlds first clinical trial evaluating a cell-based therapy in ACLF gives us confidence about the safety aspects and the broad therapeutic potential of our therapy, said Etienne Sokal, M.D., Ph.D., Prometheras Group Chief Medical Officer. As a potential first tangible alternative to organ transplantation for an ever-growing patient population, HepaStem will advance into a larger efficacy trial in ACLF focusing on a reduced need for transplantation and a decreased mortality.

Prof. Nevens added, With the data set having evolved since we last presented results at this years ILC Congress, the Phase 2a trial provides a strong rationale for further clinical evaluation of the therapeutic concept and has provided a safe dosing regimen which will guide future studies.

About Promethera Biosciences

Promethera Biosciences is a global innovator in liver therapeutics whose mission is to bring life-saving treatments to reduce the need for liver transplantation. Our lead clinical program, derived from our patented cell technology platform HepaStem, is designed to benefit from its immune-modulatory and anti-fibrotic properties. In addition to our cell-based pipeline we develop antibody technologies, such as the antiTNF-R1 antibody Atrosimab, to complement and diversify our therapeutic options. We are a team of international experts operating out of facilities in Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium, Durham, NC, USA, Tokyo, Japan and Basel, Switzerland.

Promethera, HepaStem, H2stem, are all registered trademarks of the PROMETHERA group.

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Promethera Biosciences Presents Updated Clinical Results at AASLD 2019 for World's First Stem Cell Therapy Trial using HepaStem in Acute-on-Chronic...

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Global Stem Cell Therapy Market 2019 : Analysis and Market Expert Research Report Forecast to 2024 – Eastlake Times

November 11th, 2019 11:42 am

GlobalStem Cell TherapyMarket Overview:

We,MRInsights.biz, after comprehensive analysis, have introduced a new research study onGlobalStem Cell TherapyMarket. The report provides a unique, first-time market and competitive analysis of the size, segmentation, competition, trends, and outlook in the manufacturers operating in theStem Cell Therapymarket. The report comprises all analytical and statistical brief summary regarding market summary, growth, demand, and forecast analysis. It covers the key manufacturers profiles in detail along with market entry strategies, production analysis, market share, revenue forecast and regional analysis of the market. It particularly delivers delivering wide-ranging analytical information on regional segmentation.

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Leading vendors covered in the report are:Osiris Therapeutics, NuVasive, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, JCRPharmaceutical, Pharmicell, Medi-post, Anterogen, Molmed, Takeda (TiGenix)

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The study details country-level aspects based on each segment and gives estimates in terms of market size. The key regional trends beneficial to the growth of theStem Cell Therapymarket are discussed. Further, it analyzes the market potential for every nation. Geographic segmentation covered in the market report:

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Research objectives

TheStem Cell Therapymarket size is calculable in terms of revenue (US$) and production volume during this report. Moreover, the study showcases back-to-back parameters like application, improvement, product growth, and diverse structures & key processes. The report delivers a perfect solution, which incorporates current market intelligence, future projections for the growth, technology inputs, and future market trends. Then it serves a market outlook for 20142024 and sets the forecast.

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Global Stem Cell Therapy Market 2019 : Analysis and Market Expert Research Report Forecast to 2024 - Eastlake Times

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Stem Cell Therapy Market to Grow at 11.0% CAGR to 2021 – Weekly Spy

November 11th, 2019 11:42 am

The Global report titled on Stem Cell Therapy Market delivering key insights and providing a competitive advantage to clients through a detailed report. The report also details the information about the global market status, growth rate, future trends, market drivers, challenges, opportunities and porters forces analysis with respect to these elements. An exclusive data offered in this report is collected by research and industry experts team.

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The Global Stem Cell Therapy Market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 11.0% during 2016 to 2021 to reach US$ 145.8 Million by 2021. This report spread across 120 Pages, Profiling 10 Companies and Supported with 60 Tables and 37 figures is now available in this research.

Top Companies profiled in the Stem Cell Therapy Market:

Growth in the global stem cell therapy market is driven by factors such as the growing awareness of the therapeutic potency of stem cells in effective disease management, development of advanced genome-based cell analysis techniques, increasing public-private investments for development of stem cell therapies, identification of new stem cell lines, and developments in infrastructure related to stem cell banking and processing. In addition, countries such as Japan, South Korea, and China are offering new growth opportunities for players operating in this market.

Premium Insights:

1 Stem Cell Therapy Market Overview

2 Regional Analysis: Market, By Type, 2016 vs 2021 (USD Million)

3 Global Market, By Therapeutic Application, 20162021 (USD Million)

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Based on the type of therapy, the allogeneic stem cell therapy segment is estimated to command the larger share of the global stem cell therapy market in 2016. This growth can be attributed to the growing availability of allogeneic stem cell therapy products, wider therapeutic applications of allogeneic stem cells, easier production scale-up due to easy availability of sources of stem cells, and growing number of clinical trials of allogeneic stem cell therapies as compared to autologous stem cell therapies.

Competitive Landscape of Stem Cell Therapy Market:

1 Overview

2 Market Ranking

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3.1 Product Development and Commercialization

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Reason to access this report:

From an insight perspective, this research report focuses on various levels of analysismarket share analysis of the top players and company profiles, which together comprise and discuss basic views on the competitive landscape; emerging and high-growth segments of the stem cell therapy market; and high-growth regions and their respective drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.

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Stem Cell Therapy Market to Grow at 11.0% CAGR to 2021 - Weekly Spy

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Stem Cell Therapy Market-Global and Regional Analysis by Top Key Industry Players, Key Regions, Product Segments, and Applications 2025 – ZMR News…

November 11th, 2019 11:42 am

A leading research firm, Zion Market Research added a latest industry report on "Global Stem Cell Therapy Market" consisting of 110+ pages during the forecast period and Stem Cell Therapy Market report offers a comprehensive research updates and information related to market growth, demand, opportunities in the global Stem Cell Therapy Market.

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The Stem Cell Therapy Market report provides in-depth analysis and insights into developments impacting businesses and enterprises on global and regional level. The report covers the global Stem Cell Therapy Market performance in terms of revenue contribution from various segments and includes a detailed analysis of key trends, drivers, restraints, and opportunities influencing revenue growth of the global consumer electronics market.This report studies the global Stem Cell Therapy Market size, industry status and forecast, competition landscape and growth opportunity. This research report categorizes the global Stem Cell Therapy Market by companies, region, type and end-use industry.

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The Stem Cell Therapy Market report mainly includes the major company profiles with their annual sales & revenue, business strategies, company major products, profits, industry growth parameters, industry contribution on global and regional level.This report covers the global Stem Cell Therapy Market performance in terms of value and volume contribution. This section also includes major company analysis of key trends, drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities, which are influencing the global Stem Cell Therapy Market. Impact analysis of key growth drivers and restraints, based on the weighted average model, is included in this report to better equip clients with crystal clear decision-making insights.

The Stem Cell Therapy Market research report mainly segmented into types, applications and regions.The market overview section highlights the Stem Cell Therapy Market definition, taxonomy, and an overview of the parent market across the globe and region wise.To provide better understanding of the global Stem Cell Therapy Market, the report includes in-depth analysis of drivers, restraints, and trends in all major regions namely, Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, which influence the current market scenario and future status of the global Stem Cell Therapy Market over the forecast period.

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The Stem Cell Therapy Market report provides company market size, share analysis in order to give a broader overview of the key players in the market. Additionally, the report also includes key strategic developments of the market including acquisitions & mergers, new product launch, agreements, partnerships, collaborations & joint ventures, research & development, product and regional expansion of major participants involved in the market on the global and regional basis.

Major Company Profiles Covered in This Report:

Anterogen Co., Ltd., RTI SurgicalInc., Pharmicell Co., Ltd., MEDIPOST Co., Ltd., JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l., NuVasiveInc., and AlloSource.

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Zion Market Research is an obligated company. We create futuristic, cutting edge, informative reports ranging from industry reports, company reports to country reports. We provide our clients not only with market statistics unveiled by avowed private publishers and public organizations but also with vogue and newest industry reports along with pre-eminent and niche company profiles. Our database of market research reports comprises a wide variety of reports from cardinal industries. Our database is been updated constantly in order to fulfill our clients with prompt and direct online access to our database. Keeping in mind the clients needs, we have included expert insights on global industries, products, and market trends in this database. Last but not the least, we make it our duty to ensure the success of clients connected to usafter allif you do well, a little of the light shines on us.

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As one of the lead news writers at zmr news reports, Hirens specialization lies in the science, technology, Health & business domains. His passion for the latest developments in cloud technology, connected devices, nanotechnology, and virtual reality, among others, shines through in the most recent industry coverage he provides. Hirens take on the impact of digital technologies across the technology, health and business domains gives his writing a fresh and modern outlook.

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Waiting For The Sign that Protections Are Needed For Genetic Data? Here It Is. – Forbes

November 11th, 2019 11:41 am

I just attended theNational Society of Genetic Counselors Annual Meetingin Salt Lake City, UT where I met some of the brightest minds in genetics, heard about mind-bending new technologies, and was reminded of the many ways that genetic counseling and testing is improving health, transforming lives, and driving precision medicine forward.

With that bright promise freshly in mind, several recent stories have cast a stark reminder of the ways genetic testing can, andis,being used nefariously.I published an article on this topicjust a few short weeks ago and didnt foresee that it would need a part II so soon. Consider the following:

The Trump administration already announced that they would require DNA samples from asylum-seekers at the Mexican border for rapid DNA testing to confirm family relationships.In a move called transparently xenophobic in its intention, the Trump Administration now plans to collect DNA from individuals in federal immigration custody and add those samples to the national FBI crime database.

MIAMI : A judges gavel rests on top of a desk (Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images)

A Judge in the Floridas Ninth Judicial Circuit Court signed a warrant allowing a detective to successfully obtain a warrant to search GEDMatchs genetic database,even for users who opted out of appearing in police search results.This decision brings into question whether larger databases, like those of 23andMe and Ancestry, are subject to the same sort of warrants, despite their privacy policies.23andMe does not believe that this decision impacts them, but that remains to be seen.However, it is possible that any privacy policyis only as strong as a police departments ability to get a willing judge to sign a search warrant.

NEW YORK, NY - JUNE 20: (Photo by Santiago Felipe/Getty Images)

A recent genetic study on homosexualityraised eyebrows for many reasons, including that it appeared that homosexuality was being positioned as a condition or worse yet a disease to study and understand.An informativeDNA Exchange blogpost by certified genetic counselor Austin McKittrickeloquently outlined the issues, including that the study utilized data from the UK Biobank and 23andMe.Consumers consenting to 23andMe research studies may falsely believe that their data are being used only to further critical health care problems, like finding a treatment for Parkinsons disease, rather than for research that could potentially lead to discrimination or stigmatization of groups of people.Within days of this research being published an app called GenePlaza was developedthat, for about $5, could tell you how gay you are.Can you imagine this app being used at a middle school slumber party, with results posted to social media?But worse yet, the apps developer is based in Uganda,a country that announced plans that it would make homosexuality punishable by the death penalty.

Now, for just a moment, think about these three developments in unison.Our government is requiring DNA collection for immigrants in custody and those samples will enter our federal crime databases.Large databases, even for consumer entertainment, are subject to search warrant.Genetic data are being collected and used to make associations (accurate, or not) to a trait that may be punishable by death in some countries.

If we have been waiting for a sign thatwe need federal, or international, protections for genetic data and how it can be used, we now have that sign.

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Waiting For The Sign that Protections Are Needed For Genetic Data? Here It Is. - Forbes

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Your hatred of heart-healthy veggies could be genetic – fox5sandiego.com

November 11th, 2019 11:41 am

CONNECTICUT If certain vegetables have always made you gag, you may be more than a picky eater. Instead, you might be what scientists call a super-taster: a person with a genetic predisposition to taste food differently.

Unfortunately, being a super-taster doesnt make everything taste better. In fact, it can do the opposite.

Super-tasters are extremely sensitive to bitterness, a common characteristic of many dark green, leafy veggies such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and Brussels sprouts, to name a few.

The person who has that genetic propensity gets more of the sulfur flavor of, say, Brussels sprouts, especially if theyve been overcooked, said University of Connecticut professor Valerie Duffy, an expert in the study of food taste, preference and consumption.

So that [bitter] vegetable is disliked, and because people generalize, soon all vegetables are disliked, Duffy said. If you ask people, Do you like vegetables? They dont usually say, Oh yeah, I dont like this, but I like these others. People tend to either like vegetables or not.

In fact, people with the bitter gene are2.6 times more likely to eat fewer vegetables than people who donot have that gene, according to a new study presented Monday at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association.

We wanted to know if genetics affected the ability of people who need to eat heart-healthy foods from eating them, said study author Jennifer Smith, a registered nurse who is a postdoc in cardiovascular science at the University of Kentucky School of Medicine.

While we didnt see results in gene type for sodium, sugar or saturated fat, we did see a difference in vegetables, Smith said, adding that people with the gene tasted a ruin-your-day level of bitterness.

Our sense of taste relies on much more than a gene or two. Receptors on our taste buds are primed to respond to five basic flavors: salty, sweet, sour, bitter and umami, which is a savory flavor created by an amino acid called glutamate (think of mushrooms, soy sauce, broth and aged cheeses).

But its also smelling through the mouth and the touch, texture and temperature of the food, Duffy said. Its very difficult to separate out taste from the rest. So when any of us say the food tastes good, its a composite sensation that were reacting to.

Even our saliva can enter the mix, creating unique ways to experience food.

When we come to the table, we dont perceive the food flavor or the taste of food equally, Duffy said. Some people live in a pastel food world versus others who might live in a more vibrant, neon food world. It could explain some of the differences in our food preference.

While there are more than 25 different taste receptors in our mouth, one, in particular, has been highly researched: the TAS2R38, which has two variants called AVI and PAV.

About 50% of us inherit one of each, and while we can taste bitter and sweet, we are not especially sensitive to bitter foods.

Another 25% of us are called non-tasters because we received two copies of AVI. Non-tasters arent at all sensitive to bitterness; in fact food might actually be perceived as a bit sweeter.

The last 25% of us have two copies of PAV, which creates the extreme sensitivity to the bitterness some plants develop to keep animals from eating them.

When it comes to bitterness in the veggie family, the worst offenders tend to be cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, kale, bok choy, arugula, watercress, collards and cauliflower.

Thats too bad, because they are also full of fiber, low in calories and are nutrient powerhouses. Theyre packed with vitamins A and C and something called phytonutrients, which are compounds that may help to lower inflammation.

Rejecting cruciferous or any type of vegetable is a problem for the growing waistline and health of America.

As we age as a population, vegetables are very important for helping us maintain our weight, providing all those wonderful nutrients to help us maintain our immune system and lower inflammation to prevent cancer, heart disease and more, Duffy said.

Food scientists are trying to develop ways to reduce the bitterness in veggies, in the hopes we can keep another generation of super-tasters from rejecting vegetables.

Theres been some success. In fact, the Brussels sprouts we eat today are much sweeter than those our parents or grandparents ate. Dutch growers in the 90s searched their seed archives for older, less bitter varieties, then cross-pollinated them with todays higher-yielding varieties.

People who already reject vegetables might try to use various cooking methods that can mask the bitter taste.

Just because somebody carries the two copies of the bitter gene doesnt mean that they cant enjoy vegetables, Duffy said. Cooking techniques such as adding a little fat, a little bit of sweetness, strong flavors like garlic or roasting them in the oven, which brings out natural sweetness, can all enhance the overall flavor or taste of the vegetable and block the bitterness.

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Your hatred of heart-healthy veggies could be genetic - fox5sandiego.com

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Sequencing the genome of every UK baby would be an ethical minefield – New Scientist News

November 11th, 2019 11:41 am

By Clare Wilson

Tetra Images/Getty Images

Plans for the National Health Service to sequence the DNA of every baby born in the UK, starting with a pilot scheme of 20,000 children, were announced by health minister Matt Hancock this week. It sounds like the UK is leading the way in high-tech healthcare but doctors are saying the idea is ethically questionable.

Babies are already tested for certain health conditions soon after birth, so it may seem as though sequencing their genome, their entire set of genes, is a simple upgrade of this routine screening, but that isnt the case.

UK babies are tested for nine carefully selected conditions, all of which can be avoided or lessened with pre-emptive treatment. For instance, the metabolic disorder phenylketonuria can cause brain damage, but this can be avoided through a low-protein diet.

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Unfortunately, most illnesses arent as simple or treatable. We are only at the beginning of our journey to understand the complexity of the human genome, and some of the information we have learned so far can create difficult dilemmas.

Take the genetic condition Huntingtons disease, which starts with mild symptoms in middle age, eventually progressing to severe disability and early death. There is no cure.

When people learn that Huntingtons is in their family, they may spend years deciding whether to take the test. Many choose not to. Parents who ask doctors to test their child are turned down, as set out in international guidelines. Deciding to learn if you have the gene responsible is such a personal choice that it must be left to the individual concerned once they turn 18.

Huntingtons is rare, but there are similar dilemmas over more common conditions such as genes that predispose people to Alzheimers disease and some types of cancer. There is currently little you can do to avoid dementia, and for women who learn they have a certain gene that increases cancer risk, the safest step is to have their breasts and ovaries removed.

Some people would rather not know about these risks before it is necessary. We have endless discussions about [the ethics of] testing children for conditions that dont manifest until later life, says Frances Elmslie of the British Society for Genetic Medicine.

Nor would it make sense to sequence children at birth then wait until they are 18 to give the results. In the intervening years, DNA sequencing is bound to become cheaper and more powerful. It would make more sense to offer it to every 18-year-old, says Martin Brunet, a family doctor in Surrey, UK.

There is a small group of children for whom genome sequencing can be useful: those with rare undiagnosed medical conditions. In one study, sequencing led to a diagnosis in a fifth of children in intensive care, and that figure is likely to improve over time. In these cases, parents can consent for their children because there is a medical benefit but that is very different to sequencing everyone out of curiosity.

A US group has begun a small trial of routine genome sequencing of healthy babies. The families are being monitored to see how they cope and to measure any harms and benefits.

No details are available about the UK plans and Hancock didnt respond to New Scientists requests for comment. But introducing sequencing for everyone is a massive step. It will require public consultation over the ethical questions not to mention on practical issues like how the data will be stored securely and the impact on doctors workloads, says Elmslie. We need to think really carefully about this.

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Sequencing the genome of every UK baby would be an ethical minefield - New Scientist News

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Alzheimer’s disease: Rare genetic mutation might hold clues to preventing or treating dementia – CBS News

November 11th, 2019 11:41 am

Could one woman's rare genetic mutation one day have a global impact on dementia risk?

It's possible, say investigators who report on a potentially groundbreaking case of a woman whose genetic mutation staved off dementia for decades, even though her brain hadalreadybeen damaged by Alzheimer's disease.

While most Alzheimer's cases are not driven by genetic predisposition, one woman in Colombia is among about 1,200 in her country who do face a genetically higher risk for early-onset Alzheimer's.

Why? They all carry the E280A mutation of a gene called Presenilin 1 (PSEN1), which is known to increase the chances for Alzheimer's at a far younger age than usual.

"We identified an individual that was predisposed to develop Alzheimer's in her 40s," noted study author Dr. Joseph Arboleda-Velasquez. He's an assistant professor of ophthalmology with the Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear at Harvard Medical School, in Boston.

But, strangely, the woman "remained unimpaired until her 70s," Arboleda-Velasquez added.

The twist: the woman had, in fact, developed clear telltale signs of Alzheimer's in her brain. She just hadn't developed dementia.

For example, while she had fewer neural "tangles" in her brain than is typical for Alzheimer's patients, by the time she hit her 40s she did have the same unusually high level of brain amyloid-beta deposits as her E280A peers. Such deposits are a key signature of Alzheimer's.

So why didn't she develop middle-aged dementia like her peers?

To unravel the mystery, Arboleda-Velasquez and his colleagues ran an in-depth genetic analysis on the woman. And what they found is that she had not just one mutation, but two.

In addition to the E280A mutation, she also carried the so-called "Christchurch" mutation in the APOE3 gene.

But there's more. Not only did she carry the Christchurch mutation, but she hadtwoof them. Some of her E280A peers (about 6%) also carried a single copy of Christchurch. But she was the only one who carried two, the investigators found.

"It is ultra-rare, with an approximate prevalence of less than one in every 200,000 individuals," Arboleda-Velasquez said.

And having one such rare mutation did not appear to be enough. No protection against dementia was linked to only one Christchurch mutation. But as this woman's case suggests, having two such mutations did seem to throw up a shield against Alzheimer's, preserving her ability to remember things and think clearly for a few decades, long after her E280A peers had started experiencing cognitive decline.

"This is the first time a specific patient who carries the [double] mutation has been linked to such a protective benefit," Arboleda-Velasquez noted.

How does it work? It seems that "the mutation puts a block on the cascade of events linking amyloid accumulation to neural [brain cell] death," he explained.

The team did acknowledge that more research will be needed to definitively confirm the Christchurch mutation's impact, and to further explore how this mutation/dementia delay connection truly works.

But, in theory, the incredibly rare experience of this one woman in Colombia could ultimately have profound ramifications for Alzheimer's patients around the world, if "new drugs that mimic the effect of [the] mutation" could be developed, said Arboleda-Velasquez. Rather than stopping Alzheimer's from developing, such drugs would prevent Alzheimer's from causing dementia.

The study was published Nov. 4 in the journalNature Medicine, and was partly funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and the Alzheimer's Association.

Heather Snyder, vice president of medical and scientific relations at the Alzheimer's Association, characterized the findings as "an important discovery."

The insights gleaned from a look at this particular patient's experience are "full of possibilities for increasing our understanding of Alzheimer's disease and all dementia, and advancing potential avenues for treatment," Snyder suggested.

"Understanding what is happening in the brains of people when there appears to be a delay or stopping of the disease progression because of this gene form or otherwise gives rise to many possibilities for investigating new treatment and risk-reduction opportunities," she added.

At the same time, Snyder cautioned that "more research is needed to understand more thoroughly how genetics impacts Alzheimer's/dementia risk, and to expand and confirm these findings in a larger number of people."

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Alzheimer's disease: Rare genetic mutation might hold clues to preventing or treating dementia - CBS News

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How Science And Technology Have Changed During ‘Morning Edition’ – NPR

November 11th, 2019 11:41 am

Cards representing AIDS victims are held aloft during a 1983 interdenominational service in New York's Central Park. Charles Ruppmann/NY Daily News via Getty Images hide caption

Cards representing AIDS victims are held aloft during a 1983 interdenominational service in New York's Central Park.

When Morning Edition first went on the air on Nov. 5, 1979, AIDS was an unknown acronym. And the ideas of a cloned mammal or a map of human DNA may as well have been science fiction.

But much has changed in the past four decades. During that time, spectacular advances across the scientific disciplines have had a major impact on the way we live today.

In 1981, Morning Edition aired a story about a strange set of cancers called Kaposi's sarcoma.

"In the last three months, 28 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma have been reported in this country, all occurring among gay men, most of them young," Laurie Garrett reported.

No one knew it at the time, but those cases were the first indication of the AIDS epidemic that was to come. And that story was the first mention of the disease on NPR.

At first, AIDS was largely viewed as a disease of gay people. But it was never only that, a fact that hit home to many people in 1991 when basketball star Earvin "Magic" Johnson who was married and heterosexual announced to the world that he was infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.

When he made the announcement, Johnson also said he planned to live a long time, despite having the virus.

Many people were skeptical. HIV infection was frequently a death sentence in the early days of the epidemic.

But medical researchers had already found a few drugs that were helpful at keeping AIDS at bay, and now there are a bevy of options for treating HIV infection and AIDS. These days, HIV infection is typically a manageable disease and Johnson is still alive.

AIDS is just one of the diseases scientists have made progress controlling during the Morning Edition era. Now, parents can prevent many genetic diseases before a pregnancy is even begun. Genetic testing can ensure that only embryos not carrying a disease gene the cystic fibrosis gene, for example are implanted via IVF.

Almost all advances in genetic medicine rely heavily on a project to map and sequence all of the DNA in a human body.

But in 1986 when the idea was first proposed, many people, including many scientists, scoffed. Sequencing all 3 billion DNA base pairs in our 23 pairs of chromosomes was thought too Herculean a task.

A visitor views a digital representation of the human genome at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Mario Tama/Getty Images hide caption

A few years later, the Human Genome Project was officially started, and in 2000, President Bill Clinton made this announcement at the White House:

"We are here to celebrate the completion of the first survey of the entire human genome. Without a doubt, this is the most important, most wondrous map ever produced by humankind."

Climate change is another topic that has been in the news for as long as Morning Edition has been on the air. As early as 1982, the show was reporting on scientists' concerns about what was then known as the greenhouse effect.

A researcher submerges his arm in melted Arctic ice in Barrow, Alaska. David L. Ryan/Boston Globe via Getty Images hide caption

"In the past year, scientists have presented evidence that the polar ice caps are slowly melting," Lili Francklyn reported in a story from that year. "And some researchers feel that we'll see climate changes within the next decade."

For a while, climate change seemed to be a nonpartisan issue. In 2008, Republican Newt Gingrich and Democrat Nancy Pelosi recorded a TV commercial together in which they say they "do agree our country must take action to address climate change."

But by 2017, that consensus had almost totally broken down. President Trump, who once famously called climate change a "hoax," announced that the United States would withdraw from the Paris Agreement that committed countries to taking steps to slow the rise of global temperatures. The U.S. formally requested withdrawal earlier this week.

Before the introduction of the personal computer, mainframe computers were the norm. The IBM System/370 mainframe computer, introduced in 1970, was one of the first computers to include "virtual memory" technology. Getty Images hide caption

Of all the transformative scientific advances in the past 40 years, perhaps the one that has affected the most lives is the rise of the Internet. Developed initially with support from the U.S. Department of Defense and then the National Science Foundation for national security and scientific research, the Internet now connects the world as never before.

When Morning Edition first went on the air, few people, if any, would have imagined that companies like Google, Facebook and Amazon would come to be part of the S&P 500. At the time, computers were mainly used by enthusiasts, scientists and engineers.

An announcement in 1981 from an industry executive signaled that computers were going mainstream.

"Well, today I'm pleased to tell you that we're introducing the IBM personal computer. It's a landmark announcement for our division and our company and we believe it will set a new standard for the industry," said George Conrades of IBM.

That people would carry small devices in their pockets capable of connecting them to the world would also have been unthinkable. Yet today more than 2 billion people own smartphones, and the number is growing rapidly around the world.

Indeed, when Morning Edition went on the air in 1979, you had to live near a broadcast tower in the United States in order to hear the program. Now you can tune in from a cafe in Kathmandu or a bar in Barcelona, and for that, you can thank the Internet.

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Technology Networks Explores the CRISPR Revolution: An Interview With Professor Glenn Cohen, World-leading Expert on Bioethics – Technology Networks

November 11th, 2019 11:41 am

Professor Glenn Cohen is a Professor of Law at Harvard Law School. He is also the director of Harvard Law School's Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, and one of the world's leading experts on the intersections of bioethics and the law. Cohen's current projects relate to big data, health information technologies, reproduction/ reproductive technology, research ethics, organ rationing in law and medicine, health policy, FDA law, translation medicine, and medical tourism. The utilization of CRISPR technology as a gene editing tool has spurred significant debate across the globe. In this interview, we gain insight of Cohen's perspectives on the "CRISPR revolution" and learn about the basic ethical issues surrounding the manipulation of the genome for enhancement.

Molly Campbell (MC): You are one of the leading experts on the intersection of bioethics and the law. Please can you tell us more about this field and the types of cases it addresses?Glenn Cohen (GC): Wherever law, medicine, and ethics intersect, thats where the field and I are. Whether it is the ethics of research, reproductive technologies, genetics, end of life decision-making, mental health, neuroscience, rationing, AI, clinical practice, etc. It is a robust and very exciting field.

MC: Currently, what restrictions apply to the use of CRISPR technology in different cell types and organisms? What applications are scientists not allowed to use CRISPR or other gene-editing technologies for? GC: In lay terms, in the United States an appropriations rider prohibits FDA from considering the use of germline gene editing in human beings. Thus, it is not possible to do a clinical trial or the like of this. Many (perhaps all, it is not clear everywhere) other countries across the world also prohibit in one way or another, but not all regulatory regimes may be as effective.

MC: The work of Jiankui He arguably startled the scientific community. In your opinion, do you think the publication of He's work prompted authorities to address regulating CRISPR technology? Or was there already a conversation taking place?GC: There was very robust conversation long before Dr. Hes terrible (and in my view completely unethical) experiments. For example, this report from the National Academies. While CRISPR is relatively new in terms of technology, in fact bioethicists have been talking about the basic issues surrounding manipulating the genome for enhancement for at least 40 years if not longer.

MC: There are concerns that the CRISPR tool could be used for enhancement purposes. In recent opinion article you say, "Anyone who has a position on enhancement has not thought deeply enough on the question." Please can you expand on what you mean by this?

GC: My claim is that enhancement is not a single monolithic thing, so it is hard to have a single position on it. Some enhancements would be wonderful and perhaps the state should subsidize them. Others would be terrible and perhaps the state should prohibit. Only when we think about it with some specificity can we know what we think the answer should be. In the article you mention I draw the following distinctions, for example, though others are possible:

1. Biological vs. Non-Biological Enhancement

a. Genetic enhancements vs. non-genetic biological enhancements

2. Choosing for Ourselves vs. Choosing for Others Who Cannot Choose for Themselvesa. Enhancing after birth vs. enhancing before birthi. Enhancing by selection vs. enhancing by manipulation of already fertilized embryos or implanted fetuses

3. Enhancements Compatible with Expanding Life Plans vs. Enhancements That Will Limit Options

4. Reversible vs. Irreversible Enhancement

5. Some would distinguish enhancement from treatment (though others are skeptical about this distinction)a. Enhancements to the upper bounds of what people already have vs. enhancements that add beyond human nature as it now stands

6. Enhancements for Absolute vs. Positional Goods

MC: A novel community of gene-editing "biohackers" has emerged in the rise of CRISPR technology. What are your opinions of biohackers conducting gene-editing experiments from their homes, from a legal and ethical perspective?GC:I think the community is very interesting. I am a huge fan of open science and the building of intellectual communities. I think the key question is whether/when the work undertaken by this community could pose significant externalities for others. Thats probably where I would start to get concerned.

MC: How do we approach implementing a global legal and ethical framework for using gene-editing technologies? What progress has been made thus far?GC: The WHO has chartered an advisory committee which has recommended a registry of all those doing gene editing work and has advised that it is irresponsible at this time for anyone to proceed with clinical applications of human germline genome editing." I think the existence of this committee (alongside the NASEM, Nuffield Council) and others working on these issues is a great step.

My own view is that we ought to be looking for a responsible translational pathway that might allow some clinical work to be reviewed and approved by regulators like the FDA in the future, but certainly there is nothing there yet. The international aspect makes this very, very difficult. Some have suggested we ought to go for an international treaty, like what we have on landmines and chemical weapons but also recognition of adoption, while others think this is infeasible.

MC: What challenges exist when looking to create laws surrounding a novel scientific technology?GC: There are quite a few. The first is uncertainty whenever you move to first-in-humans, whatever pre-clinical work you have done, there is always open questions. The same was true with IVF. The second is the politicization of science and the reduction of difficult and nuanced questions to talking points. The third is deep philosophical disagreement on some key points (for example, some take quite literally the idea of "man created in Gods image" and view altering the human genome as a rejection of that. If thats what someone believes for religious reasons then it is very hard to talk about these issues at a more policy level). Fourth, is the importance but difficult of public engagement. The UK in its public consultation on mitochondrial replacement therapy (that ultimately paved the way for permitting that technology to be used in a limited way) was a very good recent model, but quite difficult and expensive. Moreover, some felt it didnt go far enough in the direction of deliberative democracy. The hope is we will see more such initiatives for gene editing and other novel technologies.

Professor Glenn Cohen, Haravard Law School, was speaking with Molly Campbell, Science Writer, Technology Networks.

Catch up on the previous instalment of Technolology Networks Explores the CRISPR Revolution, an interview with Professor George Church, here.

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The University of Vermont Initiates Genomic DNA Testing in Partnership With Genomics Leader Invitae (NYSE:NVTA) as Cigna Joins Invitae’s Covered Lives…

November 11th, 2019 11:41 am

The University of Vermont Health Network has begun a pilot project to offer Genomic DNA Testing to patients as part of their clinical care. The pilot program is the beginning of an effort to increase the integration of genetic disease risks into routine medical care, which holds promise for providing Vermonters with valuable information to guide their health decisions.

"Our overall health and longevity are determined about 30 percent by genetics," said Debra Leonard, MD, PhD, Chair, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. "But until now, most of our clinical health care decisions have been made without understanding the differences in each individual's DNA that could help guide those decisions."

Patients who choose to get the Genomic DNA Test can learn about differences in their DNA that make certain diseases more likely, such as cancer and heart disease. Knowing these genetically-determined disease risks may help patients and health care providers adjust their care to keep people as healthy as possible. While genetic testing to identify the cause of a patient's symptoms to reach a diagnosis is now common in health care, proactive genomic testing to identify health risks across a population is just beginning to be considered, and most projects are being done only in the research setting.

The UVM Health Network is partnering with Invitae and LunaPBC on the pilot project. Invitae will provide information for 147 genes that are well-established indicators of increased risk for certain diseases for which clinical treatment guidelines are established. The test also screens for carrier status for other diseases. Follow-up testing for family members will be provided when appropriate.

"Nearly 1 in 6 healthy individuals exhibits a genetic variant for which instituting or altering medical management is warranted," said Robert Nussbaum, MD, Chief Medical Officer of Invitae. "Genetic screening like the Genomic DNA Test in a population health setting can help identify these risk factors so clinicians can better align disease management and prevention strategies for each patient."

The UVM Health Network is offering the Genomic DNA Test as part of clinical care, but health and genomic data can also help researchers learn more about health and disease. Patients who get the test can consent to securely share their data with researchers through LunaDNA, partner LunaPBC's sharing platform. LunaDNA provides patients with the opportunity to share their genomic and electronic health record information to advance health and disease management research. In the future, patients will also be able to share lifestyle, environment, and nutrition data.Shared data is de-identified and aggregatedduring studiesto protect the privacy of each patient while being used to answer important medical research questions.

"Vermonters who choose to share their genomic data for research will play a leading role in the advancement of precision medicine," said Dawn Barry, LunaPBC President and Co-founder. "This effort puts patients first to create a virtuous cycle for research that doesn't sacrifice patients' control or privacy.We are proud to bring our values as a public benefit corporation and community-owned platform to this partnership."

Dr. Leonard spoke about the project, the UVM Health Network's partnership with LunaPBC and Invitae, and the role of genomics in population health on Monday at the Santa Fe Foundation's Clinical Lab 2.0 Workshop in Chicago, a national conference at which pathologists and healthcare leaders from across the country share ways that pathology can be integral to improving population health.

"Vermont and other states are moving away from 'fee-for-service' health care and toward a system that emphasizes prevention, keeping people healthy and treating illness at its earliest stages," Dr. Leonard said. "Integrating genetic risks into clinical care will help patients and providers in their decision-making."

The pilot project began on Friday, November 1, when the first patient agreed to have the test. During the pilot stage of the project over the next year, the Genomic DNA Test will be offered to approximately 1,000 patients over the next year who: are at least 18 years old; receive their primary care from a participating UVM Health Network Family Medicine provider; are not currently pregnant or the partner of someone who is currently pregnant; and are part of the OneCare Vermont Accountable Care Organization (ACO), a care coordination and quality improvement organization.

Patients do not have to pay for the test or for discussions with the UVM Health Network's Genomic Medicine Resource Center's genetic counselors before and after testing. The test uses a small amount of blood, and focuses on the parts of a patient's DNA that most affect health and health care. Results will go into each patient's medical record, protected like all medical information, and available to the patient and all of their health care providers.

"Much work has gone into getting ready to start this project and it has taken an entire team," Dr. Leonard said. "Providers from Family Medicine, Cardiology, the Familial Cancer Program, Medical Genetics and Pathology, patient and family advisors, ethics and regulatory compliance leaders, Planning, Finance and OneCare Vermont have all worked together to get us across the start line for this initiative."

Patients should be aware that the UVM Health Network will never call them on the phone to ask them to get this test. Testing is arranged through a patient's primary health care provider and only if the patient agrees to have the test.

THE FUTUREIt's understanding technology that gets us an edge to find the "next Apple," or the "next Amazon."

This is what CML Pro does. We are members of Thomson First Call -- our research sits side by side with Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and the rest, but we are the anti-institution and break the information asymmetry.

The precious few thematic top picks, research dossiers, and one-on-one CEO interviews, are available for a limited time.Join Us: Discover the undiscovered companies that will power technology's future.

Thanks for reading, friends. The author is long shares of Invitae at the time of this writing.

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The University of Vermont Initiates Genomic DNA Testing in Partnership With Genomics Leader Invitae (NYSE:NVTA) as Cigna Joins Invitae's Covered Lives...

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Heres Why the First Cure for HIV Could Emerge from Maryland – BioBuzz

November 11th, 2019 11:41 am

These Five Life Science Organizations are Striving to Cure HIV

For those that lived through the devastation and horror of the HIV/AIDS epidemic of the early 1980s, effective treatment, let alone a cure for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), seemed unimaginable.

Some three decades later, a host of Maryland life science companies and research organizations are getting closer to making what was once unthinkable, real.

So little was known about this devastating immune disorder in the early phases of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

In the early days of the HIV/AIDS crisis, the BioHealth Capital Region was the epicenter of HIV/AIDS research, with much of this groundbreaking research occurring within the lab of the now famed NIH researcher, Dr. Robert Gallo. In 1983 and 1984 Gallo and his collaborators co-discovered and confirmed that the virus responsible for the killer disease known as AIDS was human T lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). Gallo and the company went on to develop the first test that identified the virus in humansthe HIV-antibody blood test.

By 1983 the disease had started to spread globally. By 1999, approximately 33 million people across the globe were living with HIV and an estimated 14,000,000 million people had died from AIDS since the epidemic began.

The 1995 approval of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART), which was the result of the remarkable, collaborative efforts of the scientific community, led to the reduction of AIDS-related deaths and hospitalizations by 60-80%. A short time later what was once a three-drug cocktail had been transformed into a pill taken once daily by HIV sufferers.

As of 2017, 19.5 million people are estimated to be receiving antiretroviral treatment globally. While one of the greatest achievements in medical history, HAART and subsequent treatment forms do not cure HIV. Within just weeks of stopping treatment, the virus returns to full strength and chronic inflammation caused by suppressed HIV can lead to adverse health effects over the long term. Current HIV treatments control it but do not cure it; in fact, research shows that those being treated for HIV are more susceptible to other diseases and health risks at an earlier age.

Despite the amazing advancements in HIV/AIDS treatments, HIV/AIDS continues to be a major global health threat.

It would be a fitting conclusion for an HIV cure to emerge from the state where the virus was first linked to AIDS and where the first human diagnostic was developed.

Multiple Maryland companies and research institutions are on the leading-age of HIV research and development, making the state a hotbed of potential next-generation HIV therapies and, possibly, the source of a cure for this devastating global health issue. Some of the most promising cure candidates are coming out of Marylands thriving cell and gene therapy cluster.

Lets take a look at some of the amazing progress thats happening right now across Maryland and take a deeper dive into five of the leading organizations that are on a mission to develop the first HIV cure.

AGT is a gene and cell therapy company with a proprietary gene-delivery platform to rapidly develop gene and cell therapies to cure infectious diseases, cancers and monogenic disorders.

One of its lead gene therapy products is a potential functional cure for HIV. AGT just announced that it has submitted the IND to the FDA for a Phase I trial of its autologous cell therapy for HIV.

While HIV has become a manageable chronic virus for many, in less developed countries HIV/AIDS is still a devastating illness. Developing an HIV cure would relieve millions from the side effects of antiretrovirals used to suppress HIV and prevent AIDS, avoid the serious quality-of-life issues of long-term treatment, and potentially save the lives of countless others.

AGT is currently developing a highly innovative HIV treatment strategy that uses the tools of genetic medicine for immunotherapy to potentially create a functional cure for HIV.

If we are successful, patients will be able to throw away their medication, will not progress to AIDS, and will be immune to future HIV exposures.

The potential single-dose treatment would be delivered as a genetically-modified cell product made from a patients own cells. AGTs strategy is unique because it focuses on the key immune cells responsible for catalyzing strong immunity against a virus. AGTs treatment strategy seeks to protect these cells; one of the first cell subsets to be disabled by HIV. This subset of cells is understood to be critical to building an immune response to any virus. If achieved, the cells natural process of immunity is restored and any future rise of HIV in the body will be attacked by an individuals own immune system.

AGTs treatment includes the production of an autologous cell product that is highly enriched for HIV-specific CD4+ T cells that are then transduced with a lentivirus vector known as AGT103 to protect against HIV-mediated T cell depletion. The combination of these enriched cells and the lentiviral vector forms a cell product AGT has dubbed AGT103-T. This cell product is delivered intravenously to HIV patients. AGT103-T should control viremia and work to remove infected cells from the body, thus eliminating the need for lifelong antiretroviral treatment.

AGT is currently collaborating with the Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Baltimore to collect leukapheresis specimens from HIV positive individuals for an ongoing observational study performing and qualifying the cell process, which is explained in greater detail here. The company expects its potential HIV cure to move into clinical trials in the next six months.

IHV is part of the University of Maryland School of Medicine and is a recognized leader in the virology field. IHV was founded by Dr. Robert C. Gallo who co-discovered HIV and developed the first HIV blood test.

IHV is heavily focused on HIV/AIDS research and the organization is currently progressing a promising HIV/AIDS vaccine through its pipeline. IHV01 (FLSC-001) has completed a Phase I trial and was supported, in part, from funding provided by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

This potential HIV/AIDS treatment seeks to neutralize the different strains of HIV found across the globe from the moment of infection. IHVs HIV/AIDS research is focused on the CCR5 chemokine receptor that plays a crucial role in HIV-1 infection and as such offers an important potential therapeutic target. (IHV Website). IHV is striving to develop biological HIV/AIDS treatments that are less expensive, have fewer adverse impacts and are more accessible to patients around the globe.

Lentigen is a leading provider of custom lentiviral vectors used in cell and gene therapy research and development. For HIV, Lentigen is at the forefront of efforts to use Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CAR) T-Cell therapy to improve the treatment of HIV and possibly cure it.

Lentigen, along with researchers at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania and the Albert Einstein School of Medicine, has been conducting a promising study of the use of CAR T in the treatment of HIV. The researchers developed duoCAR T cells that were able to kill white blood cells infected with a range of HIV variants. Testing in mice also produced promising results. Mice with humanized immune systems were simultaneously injected with CAR T cell and HIV-infected human cells into their spleens. When the spleens were examined a week later, five of the six mice had no identifiable HIV DNA and their viral levels had decreased by 97.5% (source: Science).

The study hopes to test the duoCAR T approach in HIV-infected people in the near future.

IBBR is a joint research enterprise of the University of Maryland, College Park and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Last year IBBR received $3.9M from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop a multi-specific, single-agent antibody therapeutic against HIV-1 to block virus infection and to clear the reservoir of HIV-infected cells from the body, according to an IBBR press release from November 2018.

The project is led by Dr. Yuxing Li, Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Fellow at the Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), in collaboration with Dr. Qingsheng Li, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and Dr. Keith Reeves, Harvard Medical School/Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.

IBBRs research has focused on overcoming some of the limitations of existing antiretroviral (ARV) HIV treatments, including adverse side effects, ARV treatment drug resistance and how HIV integrates into the human genome, creating pockets of HIV that ARV cannot eliminate. Dr. Li and his group have produced bi and tri-specific antibodies that demonstrated neutralization of 95% of circulating HIV-1 viruses. These bi and tri-specific antibodies can also bind to multiple locations on the HIV-1 surface glycoprotein Env, which could potentially thwart treatment resistance via mutation. The team is now working to optimize their multivalent antibody constructs to recognize Env proteins on the surface of latently infected host cells, and to signal other immune system components to destroy those cells that contain the hard-to-reach viral pockets, or as the team calls them, a viral reservoir. (IBBR press release)

NIAID has been at the forefront of HIV research for decades and continues to be a major player in the research and development of possible HIV treatments and potential cures. NIAIDs research into HIV played a critical role in developing ARV drugs that transformed HIV into a chronic condition rather than a fatal infection.

NIAID-supported research has led to many ARV drug improvements, including reducing the number of pills required, diminishing adverse impacts and identifying the best drug combinations. The organization works with many leading global HIV/AIDS research organizations to identify and develop better HIV treatments.

NIAID is focused on both developing new HIV treatments as well as supporting other researchers and research organizations investigating new therapies. The ultimate goal is to potentially make HIV treatment a single dose, lifetime treatment, and, eventually, the complete eradication of HIV. NIAID is involved in many research and development projects focused on HIV and there are too many to dig into in a single article. Some of their current HIV research and development efforts are focused on investigational long-acting HIV drugs, rilpivirine LA and cabotegravir LA, for patients that have had difficulty following conventional antiretroviral therapy programs. Another NIAID study will test combining monthly injections of cabotegravir LA and infusions of an NIAID-discovered broadly neutralizing antibody called VRC01LS to see if the combination can keep HIV suppressed in people whose infection was previously controlled by antiretroviral therapy.

The organizations support has also helped in the discovery of the experimental drug islatravir (also known as EFdA or MK-8591) and maturation inhibitors. NIAID also has partnered with the Maryland industry, including a research collaboration agreement with AGT for research studies on the companys cell and gene therapy for HIV/AIDS.

A partnership between NIAID, Frederick National Labs for Cancer Research (operated by Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc.) and a team of collaborators recently developed 38 new simian/human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) for prevention and treatment studies. These new SHIVs have closed a gap that previously existed in HIV research. These SHIVs are pathogens engineered in the lab that can help in the investigation of potential new HIV therapies as well as other treatments and vaccines.

These SHIVs target HIV subtype C, which causes approximately half of all HIV infections, and were created using HIV samples from people recently infected, allowing better modeling of more current forms of HIV subtype C circulating globally. The stronger modeling will increase pre-clinical researchs ability to predict effectiveness. Other SHIVs had used samples acquired from patients that had been infected long before the sample was pulled, limiting the SHIVs effectiveness against more current strains of HIV. While improvements are still needed, including challenges with replication, these new tools for HIV research and discovery hold tremendous promise.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s finding a cure for HIV/AIDS wasnt even on the radar. The scientific community was racing to understand the fundamentals of a virus that was rapidly spreading devastation and death across the globe. The speed with which the medical community came to understand the disease and to develop treatments like HAART is one of the truly amazing stories of the 20th century.

One or several of these Maryland companies and research institutions have a real chance to achieve what was once unthinkablefinding a cure for HIV that could help tens of millions of people across the globe live better, healthier and longer lives.

If an HIV cure emerges from Maryland, the BHCR community will have helped write the final chapter of HIV/AIDS terrible yet hopeful story.

Steve has over 20 years experience in copywriting, developing brand messaging and creating marketing strategies across a wide range of industries, including the biopharmaceutical, senior living, commercial real estate, IT and renewable energy sectors, among others. He is currently the Principal/Owner of StoryCore, a Frederick, Maryland-based content creation and execution consultancy focused on telling the unique stories of Maryland organizations.

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Sarepta Therapeutics to Present at the Credit Suisse 28th Annual Healthcare Conference – GlobeNewswire

November 11th, 2019 11:41 am

CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Nov. 05, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ:SRPT), the leader in precision genetic medicine for rare diseases, today announced that senior management will present at the Credit Suisse 28th Annual Healthcare Conference on Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019 at 11:10 a.m. E.T. / 9:10 a.m. M.T. The fireside chat will be held at the at The Phoenician in Scottsdale, Ariz.

The presentation will be webcast live under the investor relations section of Sareptas website at http://www.sarepta.com and will be archived there following the presentation for 90 days. Please connect to Sarepta's website several minutes prior to the start of the broadcast to ensure adequate time for any software download that may be necessary.

AboutSarepta TherapeuticsSarepta is at the forefront of precision genetic medicine, having built an impressive and competitive position in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and more recently in gene therapies for Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy diseases (LGMD), MPS IIIA, Pompe and other CNS-related disorders, totaling over 20 therapies in various stages of development. The Companys programs and research focus span several therapeutic modalities, including RNA, gene therapy and gene editing. Sarepta is fueled by an audacious but important mission: to profoundly improve and extend the lives of patients with rare genetic-based diseases. For more information, please visit http://www.sarepta.com.

Internet Posting of InformationWe routinely post information that may be important to investors in the 'For Investors' section of our website atwww.sarepta.com. We encourage investors and potential investors to consult our website regularly for important information about us.

Source: Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc.

Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc.Investors:Ian Estepan, 617-274-4052iestepan@sarepta.com

Media:Tracy Sorrentino, 617-301-8566tsorrentino@sarepta.com

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Sarepta Therapeutics to Present at the Credit Suisse 28th Annual Healthcare Conference - GlobeNewswire

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GW Pharmaceuticals receives positive NICE recommendation for EPIDYOLEX (cannabidiol) oral solution for the treatment of seizures in patients with two…

November 11th, 2019 11:41 am

GW also welcomes the positive guideline recommendation for Sativex (nabiximols) for the treatment of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis as part of NICEs evaluation of cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs)

Cannabidiol oral solution and nabiximols are the first and only plant-derived cannabis-based medicines to be routinely reimbursed on the NHS

LONDON and CARLSBAD, Calif., Nov. 11, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- GW Pharmaceuticals plc (Nasdaq: GWPH) (GW, the Company or the Group), world leader in discovering, developing and commercialising cannabinoid prescription medicines, today announces that two of its medicines, EPIDYOLEX (cannabidiol) oral solution and Sativex (nabiximols), have been recommended by the UKs National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to receive routine reimbursement from NHS England.

This represents the first-time any plant-derived cannabis-based medicine has been recommended by NICE for use on the NHS. Cannabidiol oral solution is recommended as an adjunctive therapy for seizures associated with Lennox Gastaut syndrome (LGS) or Dravet syndrome, in conjunction with clobazam, for patients two years of age and older. Nabiximols, reviewed as part of NICEs evaluation of cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs), has been considered cost effective for the treatment of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis.

This is a momentous occasion for UK patients and families who have waited for so many years for rigorously tested, evidenced and regulatory approved cannabis-based medicines to be reimbursed by the NHS, said Chris Tovey, GWs Chief Operating Officer. This is proof that cannabis-based medicines can successfully go through extensive randomised placebo-controlled trials and a rigorous NICE evaluation process to reach patients. I am hugely proud of the entire GW team for achieving this milestone in the country where the company was founded and where both of these medicines were developed and are manufactured.

Commenting on the NICE recommendation for cannabidiol oral solution, Dr Rhys Thomas, Consultant Neurologist at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Newcastle, said: This is a significant moment for adults and children with the most difficult to treat epilepsies. NICEs recommendation of cannabidiol oral solution follows a period of great anticipation and enthusiasm for patients and their clinicians. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) licence and availability through the NHS is welcome as we badly need additional effective treatments for Dravet and Lennox Gastaut syndromes.

We welcome the addition of cannabidiol oral solution as a new medicine to add to the Dravet syndrome treatment armamentarium. Dravet syndrome is a devastating condition and having a new treatment option offers potential new hope to patients and their families searching for better seizure control, said Galia Wilson, Chair, Dravet Syndrome UK. Many families come to us asking about the potential of cannabis-based medicines, particularly cannabidiol (CBD), and we are thrilled that one is now available on the NHS.

When added to other anti-epileptic therapies, GWs cannabidiol oral solution significantly reduced the frequency of seizures in patients with LGS and Dravet syndrome.The most common adverse reactions that occurred in patients treated with the medicine were somnolence, decreased appetite, diarrhoea, pyrexia, fatigue and vomiting.GWs development programme represents the only well-controlled clinical evaluation of a cannabinoid medication for patients with refractory epilepsy.

GWs cannabidiol oral solution was approved by the EMA and received marketing authorisation in September 2019 under the trade name EPIDYOLEX as an adjunctive therapy for seizures associated with LGS or Dravet syndrome, in conjunction with clobazam, for patients two years of age and older. Following this approval, GW has been working with the relevant bodies in the UK, Germany, Spain, France and Italy to secure reimbursement ahead of the anticipated launch of the medicine in these countries.

The inclusion of nabiximols in NICE guidelines comes as part of the comprehensive evaluation of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of CBMPs. Nabiximols has been approved by medicines regulators in more than 25 countries around the world. Nabiximols was approved in the UK by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in 2010 and is marketed in the UK by GWs commercial partner, Bayer.

About GW Pharmaceuticals plc and Greenwich Biosciences, Inc.Founded in 1998, GW is a biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing and commercialising novel therapeutics from its proprietary cannabinoid product platform in a broad range of disease areas. GWs lead product, EPIDIOLEX (cannabidiol oral solution) is commercialised in the US by its U.S. subsidiary Greenwich Biosciences for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) or Dravet syndrome in patients two years of age or older. This product has received approval in Europe under the tradename EPIDYOLEX. The Company continues to evaluate EPIDIOLEX in additional rare conditions including Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and Rett syndrome. GW commercialised the worlds first plant-derived cannabinoid prescription medicine, Sativex (nabiximols), which is approved for the treatment of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis in numerous countries outside the United States and for which the Company is now advancing a late stage programme in order to seek FDA approval. The Company has a deep pipeline of additional cannabinoid product candidates which includes compounds in Phase 1 and 2 trials for epilepsy, autism, glioblastoma, and schizophrenia. For further information, please visit http://www.gwpharm.com.

About EPIDIOLEX/EPIDYOLEX (cannabidiol) oral solutionEPIDIOLEX/EPIDYOLEX (cannabidiol), the first prescription, plant-derived cannabis-based medicine approved by the FDA for use in the U.S., is an oral solution which contains highly purified cannabidiol (CBD). The medicine is for the treatment of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) or Dravet syndrome in patients two years of age or older and is the first in a new class of anti-epileptic medications with a novel mechanism of action. EPIDYOLEX received a positive opinion from the European Medicines Agencys (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) in July 2019 and the European Commission (EC) granted the marketing authorisation on 23 September 2019 for adjunctive use in conjunction with clobazam. The medicine was granted an Orphan Drug Designation from the EMA for the treatment of seizures associated with LGS, Dravet syndrome, and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC).

About Sativex (nabiximols)Sativex (nabiximols), the first cannabinoid medicine derived from the cannabis plant, is an oromucosal spray which contains a complex mixture of cannabinoids, including delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) and specific minor cannabinoids and other non-cannabinoid components. Nabiximols is approved in over 25 countries around the world for the treatment of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis (MS) in people who have not responded adequately to other anti-spasticity medication and who demonstrate clinically significant improvement in spasticity related symptoms during an initial trial of therapy. Nabiximols is currently licensed to Almirall in Europe (excluding the UK), to Bayer in the UK and Canada, Neopharm in Israel, IDS Medical in UAE, Al-Mojil in Kuwait, Ipsen in Latin America (excluding Mexico and Islands of Caribbean), and Emerge Healthcare in New Zealand and Australia.

About Dravet syndrome Dravet syndrome is a severe infantile-onset and highly treatment-resistant epileptic encephalopathy frequently associated with genetic mutations in the sodium channel gene SCN1A. Onset of Dravet syndrome typically occurs during the first year of life in previously healthy and developmentally normal infants. Initial seizures are often body temperature related, severe, and long-lasting. Over time, patients with Dravet syndrome often develop multiple types of seizures, including tonic-clonic, myoclonic and atypical absences and are prone to bouts of prolonged seizures including status epilepticus, which can be life threatening. Risk of premature death including SUDEP (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy) is elevated in patients with Dravet syndrome. Additionally, the majority of patients will develop moderate to severe intellectual and development disabilities and require lifelong supervision and care.

About Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) The onset of LGS typically occurs between the ages of 3 to 5 years and can be caused by a number of conditions, including brain malformations, severe head injuries, central nervous system infections and genetic neuro-degenerative or metabolic conditions. In up to 30 percent of patients, no cause can be found. Patients with LGS commonly have multiple seizure types including drop and convulsive seizures, which frequently lead to falls and injuries, and non-convulsive seizures. Resistance to anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) is common in patients with LGS. Most patients with LGS experience some degree of intellectual impairment, as well as developmental delays and aberrant behaviours.

About Multiple Sclerosis (MS)Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition characterized by progressive and disabling loss of motor and sensory nervous system functions. In Europe, the prevalence rate of MS is estimated to be 83 per 100,000 and is most commonly diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40, although it can affect younger and older people too. In the UK, it affects around 100,000 people. Spasticity related to MS is an involuntary increase in muscle tone affecting more than 80% of MS patients across their disease evolution, and being moderate or severe in one third of them despite physiotherapy and first line drug treatments. The burden of spasticity grows as the MS evolves. When the muscle is moved externally, there is more resistance to this movement than there normally would be and the muscle feels stiff or rigid. Increased muscle tone also means that muscles are slow to relax, and this causes stiffness. Spasticity, beyond the continuous stiffness, may also cause muscles to jerk suddenly in an uncontrolled way.

Forward-looking statementsThis news release contains forward-looking statements that reflect GW's current expectations regarding future events, including statements regarding financial performance, the timing of clinical trials, the timing and outcomes of regulatory or intellectual property decisions, the relevance of GW products commercially available and in development, the clinical benefits of EPIDIOLEX/EPIDYOLEX (cannabidiol) oral solution and Sativex (nabiximols), and the safety profile and commercial potential of both medicines. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Actual events could differ materially from those projected herein and depend on a number of factors, including (inter alia), the success of GWs research strategies, the applicability of the discoveries made therein, the successful and timely completion and uncertainties related to the regulatory process, and the acceptance of EPIDIOLEX/EPIDYOLEX, Sativex and other products by consumer and medical professionals. A further list and description of risks and uncertainties associated with an investment in GW can be found in GWs filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Existing and prospective investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. GW undertakes no obligation to update or revise the information contained in this press release, whether as a result of new information, future events or circumstances or otherwise.

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GW Pharmaceuticals receives positive NICE recommendation for EPIDYOLEX (cannabidiol) oral solution for the treatment of seizures in patients with two...

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Edited Transcript of SRPT earnings conference call or presentation 7-Nov-19 9:30pm GMT – Yahoo Finance

November 11th, 2019 11:41 am

BOTHELL Nov 11, 2019 (Thomson StreetEvents) -- Edited Transcript of Sarepta Therapeutics Inc earnings conference call or presentation Thursday, November 7, 2019 at 9:30:00pm GMT

* Alexander G. Cumbo

Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. - Executive VP & Chief Commercial Officer

* Douglas S. Ingram

Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. - President, CEO & Director

Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. - Executive VP of R&D and Chief Medical Officer

* Ian M. Estepan

Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. - Senior VP of Corporate Affairs & Chief of Staff

Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. - SVP of Gene Therapy

Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. - Executive VP, CFO & Chief Business Officer

Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, Research Division - Senior Research Analyst

* Christopher N. Marai

Nomura Securities Co. Ltd., Research Division - MD & Senior Analyst of Biotechnology

* Debjit D. Chattopadhyay

H.C. Wainwright & Co, LLC, Research Division - MD of Equity Research & Senior Healthcare Analyst

BTIG, LLC, Research Division - MD and Specialty Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Research Analyst

Janney Montgomery Scott LLC, Research Division - Equity Research Analyst & Director of Biotechnology Research

Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Sarepta Therapeutics Third Quarter 2019 Earnings Call. (Operator Instructions) As a reminder, today's call is being recorded.

And now I'd like to introduce your host for today's program, Ian Estepan, Senior Vice President, Chief of Staff and Corporate Affairs.

Ian M. Estepan, Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. - Senior VP of Corporate Affairs & Chief of Staff [2]

Thank you, Michelle, and thank you all for joining today's call. Earlier today, we released our financial results for the third quarter of 2019. The press release is available on our website at http://www.sarepta.com, and our 10-Q was filed with the SEC earlier this afternoon. Joining us on the call today are Doug Ingram, Sandy Mahatme; Bo Cumbo, Dr. Gilmore O'Neill; and Dr. Rodino-Klapac. After our formal remarks, we'll open up the call for questions.

I'd like to note that during this call, we'll be making a number of forward-looking statements. Please take a moment to review our slide on the webcast which contains our forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond Sarepta's control. Actual results could materially differ from these forward-looking statements, and any such risks can materially and adversely affect the business, the results of operations and the trading prices of Sarepta's common stock.

For a detailed description of applicable risks and uncertainties, we encourage you to review the company's most recent quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as well as the company's other SEC filings. The company does not undertake any obligation to publicly update its forward-looking statements, including any financial projections provided today, based on subsequent events or circumstances.

And with that, let me turn the call over to our CEO, Doug Ingram, who will provide an overview on our recent progress. Doug?

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Douglas S. Ingram, Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. - President, CEO & Director [3]

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Thank you, Ian. Good afternoon and evening, and thank you all for joining us for Sarepta Therapeutics Third Quarter 2019 Conference Call.

Our ambitious strategy involving one of the deepest multi-platform genetic medicine pipelines in biotech has required focused execution over the course of 2019. To remind you, we have more than 25 active programs across our RNA and gene therapy platforms, and we're either actively in or in late-stage planning for some 9 human clinical trials to advance our plans. I am pleased to say that over the course of 2019 and in the third quarter specifically, we have made very significant strides in advancing our programs and our strategic vision, and I'm excited to discuss those advancements. However, while doing so, I must also acknowledge what we all know that we had a setback in the third quarter. And rather than burying it among or after a discussion of our successes, I will begin by commenting on our CRL disappointment that occurred in August.

Having worked diligently on our submission for VYONDYS 53, the generic name of that is golodirsen, for well over a year and based on all of our interactions with the Division of Neurology Products, we were very confident that we would obtain an approval on our PDUFA date, which was August 19. Instead, as you know, we were surprised to have received a complete response letter, also known as a CRL, signed by the Office of Drug Evaluation I. Our disappointment extends beyond Sarepta to the 8% of exon 53 amenable DMD patients in the United States who degenerate every day while they await access to this therapy.

When I joined Sarepta, I made some commitments externally and to the Division of Neurology, that we intended to build a positive relationship with the Division of Neurology, one founded on transparency and on solid evidence-based science. And consistent with that commitment, we will work with the agency to address the reasons for the CRL and determine a pathway for a potential approval if one is possible.

I've heard from those who would prefer that I speak more often and more publicly on this issue and/or that I would attempt to engage the patient community or others to assist, for instance, in applying external pressure to bring this therapy along faster. I have no intention of doing either of those things. If we can win the day with this therapy and with this issue, we will have done so on the science and on the regulations and in collaborative evidence-based discussions with our reviewers at the FDA.

Now I've also heard some speculation about the implications of the CRL. So let me take a moment to address these as well. First, the VYONDYS CRL does have implications for our submission for our next PMO, casimersen. As they are closely related, we will await clarity on the VYONDYS matter before we submit for casimersen in the United States. But let me disabuse anyone who might have concerns for our other programs. The CRL does not have any read-through to our micro-dystrophin gene therapy program. The CRL involved 2 safety signals in connection with an application for an accelerated approval. Our micro-dystrophin program is overseen by a different part of the FDA, CBER, and we are not seeking accelerated approval there. There is simply no overlap in either substance or personnel.

Secondly, to those who may believe that the CRL suggests some sort of bias on behalf of the Division of Neurology towards Sarepta, I would unequivocally and emphatically disagree. Let me reiterate that I remain convinced that we were treated very fairly and professionally by the Division of Neurology. Also, I'm very proud of the Sarepta team and how they comported themselves during this review. From my perspective, we have gone a long way in the last 2.5 years in forging a positive evidence-based working relationship with the division. We will work diligently to address the VYONDYS CRL. But with that, I do not intend to provide a prediction on outcome or on timing or to provide interim views during the process. However, I will provide an update to the patient, physician and investment communities once we have definitive clarity on the outcome of those discussions.

Now moving to our positive achievements in the quarter. We have made some enormous amount of progress in this third quarter. EXONDYS continues to perform well with third quarter sales above consensus at $99 million. That is a 26% increase over same quarter last year. Commenting for a moment on our confirmatory trial for EXONDYS, to remind you, this trial comprises 3 arms: one with EXONDYS at 100 mg per kg and another at 200 mg per kg versus our current dose at 30 mg per kg. The trial design, which was an FDA requirement, will answer whether higher doses of EXONDYS provide even more benefit than the currently approved dose. Now since the comparator arms involve higher doses than the currently approved dose, we were required to begin our confirmatory trial with a healthy human volunteer study. We have completed this trial, and based on the results, we have initiated the main confirmatory trial. We will begin dosing this quarter.

Staying on our RNA franchise. We have moved to our multi-ascending dose trial for our next-generation RNA platform, the PPMO, and we are dosing trial participants now. We will have safety and dosing insight in 2020. If our PPMO shows encouraging results, in addition to SRP-5051, that's the construct that we're currently in a multi-ascending dose regarding, we have 5 additional constructs that have already been built, which in total have the potential to treat as much as 43% of the DMD community. We are also conducting research now on new therapeutic targets that could be served by our PPMO platform.

Moving next to our gene therapy platform. As you know, we are spending enormous resource and energy to build out our vision of an enduring gene therapy engine. Between our research and clinical-stage programs, we have more than 14 therapeutic candidates advancing through research and development. We have made great progress thus far this year and quarter, led by our most advanced program, SRP-9001, for DMD, which, at least to my knowledge, is the highest-potential late-stage gene therapy program currently in biotech. As you should be aware, our double-blind, placebo-controlled SRP-9001 micro-dystrophin trial, the trial that we call Study 2, was fully dosed by midyear, but we took advantage of the availability of additional study material and previously announced that we had increased the study n from 24 patients to 40 patients, significantly increasing the study power and confidence in this study. In addition to our initial site with Dr. Jerry Mendell at Nationwide Children's Hospital, we have added a second site at UCLA with Dr. Perry Shieh. And I'm very proud to be associated with that clinician and investigator. Both sites are actively dosing patients, and we remain on target to complete our dosing by year-end.

Micro-dystrophin manufacturing is progressing well. From a capacity perspective, Brammer has now completed the buildout of our single-use micro-dystrophin manufacturing facility in Lexington, Massachusetts. We also have dedicated suites with Paragon in Maryland with actually substantially greater capacity than our dedicated Lexington facility, which means we have robustly secured capacity well in advance of launch.

Our analytical development work proceeds well, and we continue to make progress on process development and yield optimization. Given our recent capacity, analytical development and process development progress, we remain on track to commence our next trial, Study 301, with commercial development supply by mid-2020. Now Study 2 is being conducted with clinical material from Nationwide Children's Hospital. Study 301 will be a multicenter, multi-country, placebo-controlled trial using commercial process material from our hybrid manufacturing model with Brammer and Paragon. The main study will include DMD patients ages 4 to 7, but we are also planning a separate study for older and non-ambulatory patients as well.

Commenting on a few of our other gene therapy programs. Following exceptional expression and biomarker results in our first 3-patient cohort dosed with our construct for limb-girdle 2E, in October, we announced positive 9-month functional results in that same cohort. Consistent with robust expression of the native beta-sarcoglycan protein, that is the cause of the disease, all patients improved on every functional endpoint by the 9-month time point. Consistent with the protocol, we will treat an additional 3-patient cohort with a higher dose, and then in early 2020, we will decide on the dose for what we hope to be the pivotal trial. These results will help inform dosing not only of our 2E program but also on the other limb-girdle programs in our pipeline. We will also meet with the FDA in the near term to discuss the development pathway for our limb-girdle programs. And informed by this and further work on manufacturing, we will provide an update on the clinical pathway and the timing for our limb-girdle portfolio in 2020.

Next, led by our partner Lysogene, the AAVance gene therapy study for MPS IIIA, also known as Sanfilippo Syndrome Type A, is proceeding well with 13 patients having been dosed to date. MPS IIIA is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease that primarily affects the brain and the spinal cord, causing severe cognitive decline, motor disease, behavioral decline and unfortunately death at a young age. AAVance is a single-arm trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of an rh10-mediated gene therapy to deliver the missing SGSH gene with the goal of robustly expressing the missing enzyme in the brain that is the cause of MPS IIIA.

Moving to Charcot-Marie-Tooth, or CMT. Dr. Zarife Sahenk of Nationwide Children's Hospital intends to commence dosing of the proof-of-concept study for CMT 1A subject only to obtaining final release of trial material for that study. CMT is the largest inherited neuromuscular disease in the world. And CMT 1A, a devastating peripheral nerve disease, is also the most prevalent form of CMT. Dr. Sahenk's gene therapy is an AAV 1-mediated construct to deliver the neurotrophic factor-3, NT-3. In animal models, NT-3 has been shown to promote nerve regeneration, improved motor function, histopathology and electrophysiology of peripheral nerves. And in early proof-of-principle studies, NT-3 has shown markers of clinical benefits in patients with CMT 1A when administered subcutaneously.

In summary, we have made great progress in the third quarter and over the course of 2019 toward our ambitions, advancing our RNA and gene therapy platforms, advancing our many development programs, building out our gene therapy manufacturing capacity and building out our tower. As with any ambitious strategy, our progress this quarter was met with an obstacle in the form of the VYONDYS CRL. The breadth of our ambition inevitably comes with challenges and obstacles to address and to overcome. But to those who might at times feel discouraged or disheartened by the need to overcome the occasional barrier, we should keep top of mind what we are doing with all of this. If we are successful in our mission, we will not merely be among the most significant gene therapy and genetic medicine biotechnology companies in existence, but we will have, more importantly, extended, improved and saved the lives of countless patients who would otherwise have been left hopeless.

And with that, I will turn the call over to Sandy to provide an update on the financials. Sandy?

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Sandesh Mahatme, Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. - Executive VP, CFO & Chief Business Officer [4]

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Thanks, Doug. Good afternoon, everyone. Let me start by saying that we had another strong quarter both in terms of financial performance and in progress towards the pipeline and manufacturing capabilities. With a current top line run-rate of approximately $400 million and a cash balance over $1 billion, we are in a strong position to continue to accelerate our strategic imperatives and invest in the growth of Sarepta. Net product revenue for the third quarter of 2019 was $99 million compared to $78.5 million for the same period of 2018. The increase primarily reflects higher demand for EXONDYS 51.

On a GAAP basis, the company reported a net loss of $126.3 million and $76.4 million or approximately $1.70 and $1.15 per share for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, respectively. We reported a non-GAAP net loss of $84.4 million or $1.14 per share compared to non-GAAP net loss of $37.1 million or $0.56 per share in the third quarter of 2018.

In the third quarter of 2019, we recorded approximately $13 million in cost of sales compared to $8.7 million in the same period of 2018. The increase was primarily driven by inventory costs related to higher demand for EXONDYS 51 during the third quarter of 2019 as well as accrued royalty payments to BioMarin and the University of Western Australia.

On a GAAP basis, we recorded $133.9 million and $86.6 million of R&D expenses for the third quarters of 2019 and 2018, respectively, which is a year-over-year increase of $47.3 million. R&D expenses were $110.5 million for the third quarter of 2019 compared to $64.2 million for the same period of 2018, an increase of $46.3 million. The year-over-year growth in non-GAAP R&D expense was driven primarily due to continuing ramp-up of our micro-dystrophin program, our ESSENCE program and initiation of certain post-marketing studies for EXONDYS 51.

Turning to SG&A. On a GAAP basis, we recorded $75.4 million and $53 million of expenses for the third quarters of 2019 and '18, respectively, a year-over-year increase of $22.4 million. On a non-GAAP basis, the SG&A expenses were $59.6 million for the third quarter of 2019 compared to $42.5 million for the same period of 2018, an increase of $17.1 million. The year-over-year increase was primarily driven by significant organizational growth and continued expansion to support a commercial launch -- to support our commercial launch plans globally and almost 30 therapies in various stages of development across several therapeutic modalities.

On a GAAP basis, we recorded $2.5 million in other expenses for the third quarter of 2019 compared to $7 million for the same period of 2018. The favorable change is primarily driven by the payoff of certain debt instruments during the third quarter of 2018 as well as a higher return on investments over the third quarter of 2019.

We had approximately $1.1 billion in cash, cash equivalents and investments as of September 30, 2019.

With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Bo for a commercial update. Bo?

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Alexander G. Cumbo, Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. - Executive VP & Chief Commercial Officer [5]

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Thank you, Sandy. Good afternoon, everyone. To begin, we are pleased with the continued strong performance of EXONDYS 51 in the third quarter. Total revenues reached $99 million. We were also pleased to be in a position to increase our 2019 revenue guidance range from $365 million to $375 million to a range of $370 million to $380 million for EXONDYS 51. Sales have increased quarter-over-quarter for over 3 years now, and we continue to see consistent demand for EXONDYS 51 as we speak today.

Compliance and adherence have remained high and stable since launch and to-date continue to remain steady. It should be noted that in the past 2 years, we've experienced ordering volatility at the end of the year and suspect that we could see a change in ordering patterns with both Christmas and New Year's falling in the middle of the week. Internally, we are assuming the pattern from previous years could be more extreme this year due to both holidays falling midweek. With that said, we feel comfortable with the guidance provided.

The success we achieved this year reflects the impact EXONDYS 51 continues to have on patient lives. We remain the leading voice with KOLs and payers across the world in support of Duchenne patients and are recognized as the leader in RNA and gene therapies within the Duchenne field. Our strategy to advance the very best science, build awareness and appreciation for Duchenne and pave new pathways so Duchenne patients gain access to therapy have resulted in the successful trajectory of EXONDYS 51 since its approval just over 3 years ago and will play a role for future therapies.

As for golodirsen, if approved, we will be ready to launch, leveraging our knowledge and experience to facilitate rapid access to individuals amenable to exon 53. Our work is focused on delivering, and grounding us in all we do is the patient. That journey begins with identifying patients in our core therapeutic areas: Duchenne, the limb-girdle muscular dystrophy and MPS IIIA. Patient identification will be central to the commercial organization for the balance of 2019 and leading into 2020 and beyond. The genetic testing program, Decode Duchenne, which we started with PPMD many years ago, consistently identifies patients. We are also in the process of building genetic testing programs for our other disease states we are working on as well. We believe patient identification will always be one of our primary commercial goals, and we will continue to place resources on these programs.

Another important goal will be gene therapy site readiness. We are already working on global site readiness for our DMD micro-dystrophin program and working with many of the Zolgensma and Spinraza sites treating SMA. Based on the very strong results Novartis demonstrated with their recent launch of Zolgensma and understanding the label and the differences in patient population sizes between the 2 disease states, we believe having a strong network of sites ready and trained to handle gene therapies will be critical. We will continue to focus on this as we move through worldwide development and, if successful, commercialization.

We also believe it is critical to focus on access and reimbursement as early as possible. We're already speaking to and educating large to midsized insurance plans as well as CMS and Medicaid providers on the differences between chronic therapies and onetime gene therapies and the importance of quickly gaining access to these therapies for diseases like Duchenne. We have built constructive relationships with payers over time and look forward to continuing to work with them to support broad access.

In the limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, we are focused on disease education and identifying patients. The limb-girdle muscular dystrophies are a family of diseases, over 30 subtypes in all. Therefore, patient identification is of critical importance. Our plan is to leverage our knowledge and experience to ensure that we're able to serve these communities as we have in Duchenne. We've already attended limb-girdle muscular dystrophy conferences, held educational symposiums at major neuromuscular conferences, held advisory boards to understand how physicians identify and treat patients and already have a digital presence within the community. All of this will help us prepare for the potential to support multiple launches in the years to come.

Sarepta's prospects to transform the lives of patients with rare diseases is unparalleled in the industry. We have the largest neuromuscular RNA and gene therapy pipeline in the industry, and we understand the responsibility that comes with such an important mission.

With that, I will turn the call back to Doug for closing remarks.

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Douglas S. Ingram, Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. - President, CEO & Director [6]

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Thank you, Bo. So looking forward, we have a number of significant milestones to achieve over the rest of 2019 and through 2020. First, we intend to complete dosing of our SRP-9001 Study 2, that's our micro-dystrophin study, by year-end with functional readout 48 weeks thereafter. We soon intend to launch process development for SRP-9001, not manufacturing for purposes of conducting our next clinical trial, gain insight from the agency on CMC and on our trial itself and then to commence Study 301 by mid-2020. We intend to dose an additional high-dose cohort for limb-girdle 2E and then make a dose selection. We intend to gain regulatory and manufacturing insight and to present an update on the development pathway and time line for our entire limb-girdle program in 2020. Dr. Sahenk intends to commence a proof-of-concept study for CMT gene therapy, NT-3. And we intend to obtain safety and dosing insight for our PPMO program in the first half of 2020. So we obviously have a lot to do but a lot of milestones as well over the coming months and quarters.

Thank you all for joining us tonight, and I'll open up the line for questions now.

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Questions and Answers

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Operator [1]

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(Operator Instructions) Our first question comes from Alethia Young of Cantor Fitzgerald.

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Alethia Rene Young, Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Research Division - Head of Healthcare Research [2]

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Congrats on all the progress over the quarter. This may be a simple one, but I was just curious to get your perspective around Zolgensma partial hold. And like should we -- is there any -- are there any reads to potentially make thinking about other gene therapy programs?

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Douglas S. Ingram, Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. - President, CEO & Director [3]

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Thank you for that question, Alethia. Okay. So well, first, let me say this. Let's make sure we're all on the same page. For those of you maybe unaware, I expect everyone is aware, Novartis recently announced that their clinical trial for their AAV9-mediated SMA gene therapy for intrathecal administration was placed on a partial clinical hold due to neurotoxicity that was seen in animal models. So first, understand this, we do not have a unique insight into the Zolgensma clinical hold itself or the Zolgensma program. Certainly, one should look at Novartis to gain accurate insight on that program and those issues.

So with that said, I should tell you, we see no read-through to our program, and there's a host of reasons for that. First, understand that we are dosing peripherally with IV administration. We're not dosing intrathecally as was the issue, as announced by Novartis, regarding that partial clinical hold. And second of all, understand that we're not using AAV9. Dr. Louise Rodino-Klapac who is with us tonight and Dr. Jerry Mendell chose rh74 for a number of specific attributes. One of the significant ones was that rh74, unlike AAV9 as an example, does not promiscuously cross the blood-brain barrier. And unlike SMA where that would be of value, there is absolutely no value to these micro-dystrophin constructs in the CNS at all. They have promoters that wouldn't turn on in the CNS, so there would be no value there. So this seems to have been a very wise choice.

And also note this, that we have an enormous amount of preclinical and animal model evidence with respect to rh74. And even at doses that are multiples higher than we're using in our clinical trial, we have never seen evidence of neurotoxicity as relates to AAVrh74.

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Operator [4]

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Our next question comes from Whitney Ijem of Guggenheim.

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Whitney Glad Ijem, Guggenheim Securities, LLC, Research Division - Senior Analyst of Biotechnology [5]

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Congrats on all the progress. I'll ask a question on the original 4 micro-dystrophin patients. Curious if we'll get an update on them in 2020 either in an update from you or possibly a publication from Dr. Mendell.

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Douglas S. Ingram, Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc. - President, CEO & Director [6]

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Yes. Thanks for that question. Thank you for your comments. So yes, Dr. Mendell has always had a keen interest in publishing the 1-year data on the 4 patients, and he is working on the manuscript even as we speak. So I feel very confident that we'll have a publication in 2020 on the first 4 patients.

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Edited Transcript of SRPT earnings conference call or presentation 7-Nov-19 9:30pm GMT - Yahoo Finance

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Shape Therapeutics, Inc. Raises $35.5M Series A Financing, Led by NEA and Announces the Formation of a World-Class Scientific Advisory Board, to…

November 10th, 2019 5:46 am

SEATTLE--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Shape Therapeutics, Inc. (ShapeTx), a development-stage biotechnology company leading the field of RNA-editing gene therapy, announces $35.5M in Series A financing, led by New Enterprise Associates (NEA), with additional participation from CureDuchenne Ventures. The new capital will enable the company to extend its growing portfolio of intellectual property, recruit and hire top scientific talent and advance its groundbreaking RNA and protein targeting platforms focused on curing human diseases.

These platforms include the proprietary ShapeTx RNAfix technology that enables direct in vivo targeting and modification of RNA by leveraging proteins such as Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs), suppressor tRNAs, and engineered adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). The RNAfix platform differentiates from other contemporary genome engineering technologies by engaging natural human cellular machinery to modify RNA.

ShapeTx was founded on the work of Dr. Prashant Mali, Assistant Professor of Bioengineering at UCSD, who during his postdoctoral fellowship in the George Church laboratory at Harvard Medical School pioneered the use of CRISPR in human cells. ShapeTx RNAfix platform is built upon his lab's most recent work demonstrating in vivo use of guide RNAs to recruit native ADARs and to fix mutations in multiple rare genetic disease mouse models.

Our technology can correct mutations or target specific genes in neurodegenerative, oncology, metabolic and rare genetic disorders by hijacking naturally occurring proteins such as ADARs present in our cells using just a short guide RNA. Our proprietary new platform avoids the risk of in vivo immunogenicity and permanent off-target damages commonly associated with CRISPR-based approaches, explained Francois Vigneault, Ph.D., President and CEO, who was previously VP of Research at Juno Therapeutics after a successful co-acquisition of AbVitro, Inc. by Juno and Celgene.

Ed Mathers, Partner at NEA and Board member at ShapeTx, said, One rarely comes across a proprietary technology platform with such transformative potential led by a focused and data-driven scientific group with a successful track record in pre-clinical and clinical development. The team has shown us an exciting demonstration of the technology in multiple in vivo models, alongside one of the strongest IP estates we have seen in the field. NEA looks forward to backing the company in future rounds as they move the technology toward the clinic.

While the ShapeTx platform will be enabling for many other genetic diseases, Dr. Malis in vivo proof of concept in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy was quite exciting and could potentially lead to a cure for families suffering from such a debilitating disorder, said Debra Miller, CEO and Founder of CureDuchenne and CureDuchenne Ventures.

The ShapeTx Series A financing coincides with the formation of a world-class Scientific Advisory Board comprised of foremost global experts in genomics, bioengineering, and gene editing, including George Church Ph.D., James Collins Ph.D., and Don Cleveland Ph.D. The scientific advisory board will serve as strategic advisors and ensure that the research and development of its platforms meet the highest standards of scientific merit.

Prashant and Francois are some of the most innovative and brilliant individuals that have come through my lab over the years, and it will be impressive to see these two disrupt the field of gene therapy with this paradigm-shifting technology, said Dr. George Church, Professor in Genetics at Harvard Medical School and member of the ShapeTx Scientific Advisory board.

Shape Therapeutics Scientific Advisory Board Members:

George Church, Ph.D.

George Church Ph.D., world-famous geneticist, molecular engineer, and chemist. He developed the methods used for the first genome sequence & million-fold cost reductions since, as well as pioneered many of the CRISPR advances in genome editing. He is currently a Professor of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and Professor of Health Sciences and Technology at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is Director of the U.S. Department of Energy Technology Center and Director of the National Institutes of Health Center of Excellence in Genomic Science. He has received numerous awards, including the 2011 Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science from the Franklin Institute and election to the National Academy of Sciences and Engineering.

James Collins, Ph.D.

James Collins Ph.D., is one of the pioneers of the field of synthetic biology and has made multiple synthetic biology and bioengineering breakthroughs in biotechnology and biomedicine. He serves as the Termeer Professor of Medical Engineering & Science and Professor of Biological Engineering at MIT, as well as a member of the Harvard-MIT Health Sciences & Technology Faculty, and core member of the Wyss Institute. His many awards include a Rhodes Scholarship, a MacArthur Genius Award, a National Institutes of Health Directors Pioneer Award. Jim is also an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the National Academy of Medicine, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, as well as a charter fellow of the National Academy of Inventors.

Don Cleveland Ph.D.

Don Cleveland Ph.D. is an award-winning inventor and pioneer in the field of Antisense Oligonucleotide (ASO) and their uses in gene therapy. He was recently awarded the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for his work on the pathogenesis of disease and ASO-mediated treatment approaches in ALS and Huntingtons disease. Don is currently Professor of Medicine and Department Chair of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Neurosciences at the University of California at San Diego, and Head, Laboratory for Cell Biology at the San Diego branch of Ludwig Cancer Research. He has made pioneering discoveries on the mechanisms of chromosome movement and cell-cycle control during normal cellular division, as well as the principles of neuronal cell development and the relationship to defects that contribute to inherited neurodegenerative disease.

About Shape Therapeutics, Inc.

Shape Therapeutics, Inc. is creating the worlds leading RNA and protein targeting platforms focused on the cure of human diseases. These include developing precision RNA editing through proteins such as ADAR (Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA), suppressor tRNAs, and engineered adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). The RNAfix technology allows for the editing of RNA using natural human cellular machinery, limiting the risk associated with immunogenicity, cellular toxicity, or off-target DNA editing. The teams founders include Prashant Mali, Ph.D., Francois Vigneault, Ph.D., and John Suliman. ShapeTx is headquartered in Seattle, Washington, with a satellite site opening in Cambridge, Massachusetts. For additional information, visit http://www.ShapeTx.com.

About NEA

New Enterprise Associates, Inc. (NEA) is a global venture capital firm focused on helping entrepreneurs build transformational businesses across multiple stages, sectors, and geographies. With more than $20 billion in cumulative committed capital since the firm's founding in 1978, NEA invests in technology and healthcare companies at all stages in a company's lifecycle, from seed stage through IPO. The firm's long track record of successful investing includes more than 225 portfolio company IPOs and more than 375 acquisitions. For additional information, visit http://www.nea.com.

About CureDuchenne Ventures

CureDuchenne Ventures supports Duchenne research by using philanthropic donations to encourage the development of new Duchenne drugs. Through an impact financing model, we can provide equity or royalty financing to biotech and pharmaceutical companies. CureDuchennes portfolio includes 16 wide-ranging projects with several successful exits. Investments from CureDuchenne Ventures have successfully de-risked and leveraged more than $2.3 billion in follow-on financing from venture capital, biotech, and pharmaceutical companies to fund emerging projects to find treatments for Duchenne. For additional information, visit https://www.cureduchenne.org/ventures/.

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Reddit’s r/science community is one of science writing’s biggest outlets, with the stats to prove it – Massive Science

November 10th, 2019 5:46 am

Have you ever wondered why you wash your rice or soak it overnight before cooking it? Perhaps you wash your rice grains to enhance taste, reduce starch levels, or maybe that's just the way your family has always prepped rice. Thanks to a tip from science communicator Samantha Yammine who came across Dr. Nausheen Sadiq's neat finding while live-tweeting a forum on Diversity and Excellence in Science it turns out there is another reason why, as washing rice actually helps reduce the concentration of heavy metals, like chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and lead.

Heavy metal contamination in crops can be caused by human activities, such as mining, fertilizers, pesticides, and sewage sludge. Compared to most cereal crops though, rice (Oryza sativa L.) actually accumulates more heavy materials, like cadmium or arsenic, where long-term heavy metal intake can cause health risks. For example, long-term arsenic exposure leads to skin disease, high blood pressure, and neurological effects. This is especially important to consider as rice is a staple food across the globe.

Heavy metal contamination in crops can be caused by human activities, such as mining, fertilizers, pesticides, and sewage sludge.

Photo by TUAN ANH TRAN on Unsplash

In a recent study, researchers investigated the effects of different cooking methods (normal, high-pressure and microwave cooking) on the concentration, bio-accessibility and health risks posed by three heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic and lead) in two strains of brown rice. After cooking 100 grams of brown rice grains, researchers evaluated bioaccessibility (i.e. how much of the heavy metal is released for absorption) by mixing rice samples with simulated gastric fluid, and then used spectrometery to measure heavy metal concentration. Lastly, the researchers calculated the health risk posed by the heavy metals by calculating values such as the average daily dose.

Overall, the researchers found that instead of the three different cooking methods, it was the washing process which significantly reduced concentrations of cadmium, arsenic and lead, suggesting that the reduction may be due to rice morphology. For example, lead is found largely in the outer compartments of rice kernels, so lead is more likely to be removed during rice washing.

In contrast, the three cooking methods did impact bioaccessibility i.e. how much of the heavy metal would be released for absorption by the body. Here, washing and soaking isn't enough as rice absorbs water poorly at 25C. This finding was also reflected in calculated values: the average daily doses of cadmium, arsenic and lead were lower in washed and cooked rice, compared to raw rice.

It's worth noting that the European Commission has enforced limits on heavy metal levels - for example, arsenic is currently limited to 200 parts per billion (ppb) for adults and 100 ppb for infants. Both the U.S. and Canada currently have no limits in place for arsenic in food though Canada is currently reviewing a proposal to add maximum levels for arsenic found in white and brown rice, while the U.S. FDA has previously released a (non-binding) risk assessment, suggesting the same 100 ppb levels as Europe.

So the takeaway here is that yes, your family and all those professional chefs have been right all along. Yes, washing rice involves sacrificing some of its nutritional value, but doing so means you can reduce the levels of heavy metals present in grains, and still enjoy dishes like rice cakes. And returning back to Yammine's reporting, Saudiq actually shared that by soaking and washing rice for ~5 mins, you can get rid of 50-100% of these elements. (Thanks Sam!)

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Reddit's r/science community is one of science writing's biggest outlets, with the stats to prove it - Massive Science

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Magna IV true to tradition in jingling run for arthritis – Arkansas Online

November 10th, 2019 5:44 am

The late Gary Middleton, founder of Little Rock design, marketing and print-solutions company Magna IV, was one of the first chairmen for the Arkansas Arthritis Foundation's Jingle Bell Run/Walk for Arthritis.

As a result, Magna IV has remained a strong supporter of the annual fundraiser, and so has Steven Schilling, the company's director of sales.

Schilling, a longtime Arthritis Foundation board member, has taken over as the Jingle Bell Run chairman for the fourth year in a row. That follows four years as the event's volunteer coordinator.

As chairman, his job, besides the actual raising of the money, is to find sponsors, vendors and volunteers and watch over the logistics, which, considering the scope of the event, can be formidable. It incorporates 10K and 5K runs, a one-mile walk and an Elf Run for kids.

"I've been with Magna IV for 26 years," Schilling says. "The owner was involved, so that's how I got involved."

This year's run is on Dec. 7, starting and ending at the Clinton Presidential Center, 1200 President Clinton Ave., Little Rock. The course takes runners and walkers to the Broadway Bridge, which they traverse into North Little Rock, returning south of the river over the Junction Bridge.

Arthritis Foundation chapters stage an annual Jingle Bell Run in more than 100 cities nationwide. The foundation bills it as the longest-running, holiday-theme 5K race in the United States and "the original festive race for charity, bringing people from all walks of life together to champion arthritis research and resources."

Register at jbr.org/LittleRock. Participants are encouraged to wear a seasonal costume and tie jingle bells to their shoelaces. "Every runner gets jingle bells, so as the race progresses, there's a lot of jingling going on," Schilling says.

They're also encouraged to sign up in teams, although individual runners and walkers are welcome. Last year's event drew 800, most of them forming about 50 teams, Schilling says. He's hoping to have at least that many taking part this year, and to raise as much or more than last year's $75,000 take.

The money comes from sponsorships and registration fees, which range from $40 in advance, $45 day of race, for the timed 10K (which includes T-shirt, timing chip, gear check and bells) to $30 for what the foundation calls "Jingle in Your Jammies" ("Can't attend the event, but still want to be part of the fun? Choose this option to receive a shirt and [raise funds] for a cure!") -- and, Schilling adds "You get to stay in bed."

In addition to T-shirts, participants get goody bags (L'Oreal is a national sponsor, so they usually include makeup and lipsticks) and a small amount of free food, primarily, at least in years past, sliced fruit. Ben E. Keith is supplying water.

The event requires 30-40 volunteers for setup, post-race tear-down and keeping things running in between. Schilling says about two-thirds of those come each year from the Central High ROTC.

"They're required to have community service hours," he explains, and because their mission is military, "they're on time and eager to work." During the race they're out on the course, operating water stations and "making sure runners are where they're supposed to be."

Things kick off around 9:15 a.m., as participants register and pick up packets and timing chips, the Elf Village (kids zone) and vendor booths open, choral groups sing Christmas carols and attendees can take pictures with Santa. The Kids Run begins at 10:15, followed by the 10K at 10:30, the 5K at 11 and the Joe Cook 1 Mile Memorial Walk, named for the chairman who was Schilling's predecessor, at 11:10. An awards ceremony is slated for 11:40.

There are also costume contests for humans -- and pets.

"Some people show up that have nothing to do with the run," Schilling says. "They just want to enter their pet in the contest." It doesn't draw too many unusual pets -- mostly dogs and cats, although Schilling says if you have, say, a monitor lizard, it's welcome. "But you get some crazy costumes," he says. For example: "We've had some very small dogs dressed as very big reindeer."

Humans often show up in very ugly Christmas sweaters. "I've seen some pretty horrendous sweaters," he adds.

It's all part of what he describes as the event's family-friendly, laid-back approach and fun vibe.

More than 54 million Americans live with arthritis, including 673,000 in Arkansas, according to foundation statistics. Schilling says he's one of those.

"The Jingle Bell Run is a 28-year tradition in Little Rock and known nationally as the original festive race for charity," says Angela Harris, the state chapter's executive director.

"Our honorees and volunteers are what make this event successful and memorable every year, and this year we're humbled to honor Sherry Little, who is a true Arthritis Warrior and continually commits her time to raising awareness and funds for our cause year after year." Little has walked more than 15 years in honor of her daughter, Michelle, and to "spread awareness [that] arthritis can strike at any age."

Lindee and Lola Throckmorton are this year's young honorees; other laureates include Brian Barnett of the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Spine Institute, corporate chair; Dr. Joel Smith, medical honoree; Martin Orthopedics; and presenting sponsor BKD.

Schilling's volunteer credentials include four years as a coach for Resurrecting Baseball in the Inner City, based at Little Rock's Lamar Porter Field, aimed at giving at-risk teens something to do in the summers. He also volunteered for more than 20 years as a coach for his three kids' youth soccer, baseball, basketball and football teams, but that's over -- his youngest is turning 21.

He stepped away from the foundation for a while but returned to the board eight years ago.

"The race was so important to Mr. Middleton, and out of my relationship to and respect for him, it became important to me. And my employer, Magna IV, has been very supportive of my involvement."

Photo by Eric E. HarrisonSteven Schilling credits his relationship with and respect for Gary Middleton, founder of Magna IV and a strong supporter of the Arkansas Arthritis Foundation and its Jingle Bell Run, for his involvement with the foundation.

High Profile on 11/10/2019

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New Studies Demonstrate the Predictive Value of the Vectra Test in People Diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis – GlobeNewswire

November 10th, 2019 5:44 am

Graph 1

Vectra Predicts Risk of Radiographic Progression in 1 Year

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Graph 2

Vectra Predicts Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with RA

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

SALT LAKE CITY, Nov. 09, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Myriad Genetics, Inc. (NASDAQ: MYGN), a global leader in precision medicine, announced that its Myriad Autoimmune business unit will present new data on the Vectra test at the 2019 ACR/ARP Annual Meeting being held Nov. 8-13, 2019 in Atlanta, GA. The key findings are that the Vectra test predicts the risk of radiographic progression (RP) within one year, and the Vectra score, in combination with other clinical measures, predicts the risk of a cardiovascular (CV) event in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

A hallmark feature ofrheumatoid arthritisisinflammation, which increases the risk of joint damage, cardiovascular disease and other comorbidities, said Elena Hitraya, M.D., Ph.D., rheumatologist and chief medical officer at Myriad Autoimmune. The data being presented by our academic collaborators at ACR show that the Vectra test accurately measures inflammation and can help predict patients risk of adverse health outcomes, enabling clinicians to tailor precision treatment plans to achieve better outcomes.

Vectra Posters

Title:Predicting Risk of Radiographic Progression for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.Presenter:Jeff Curtis, M.D., M.S., MPH, University of Alabama at Birmingham.Date:Sunday, Nov. 10, 2019. 9:00-11:00 a.m.Location:Poster 466.

This study evaluated the ability of the Vectra test to predict patients individual percentage risk of RP within one year. The analysis included combined data from 973 patients in four cohorts. The results demonstrate that the adjusted Vectra score was a superior predictor of RP within one year compared to DAS28-CRP, CRP, CDAI and swollen joint count. Additionally, the risk of permanent joint damage increased continuously with the adjusted Vectra score, meaning patients with a low adjusted Vectra score had a one to three percent risk of RP in one year, while patients with a moderate-to-high score had between seven and 47 percent risk (Graph 1). Based on these new data, the company is working to enhance the Vectra test report to provide patients with their individual risk of radiographic progression in one year.

To view Graph 1: Vectra Predicts Risk of Radiographic Progression in 1 Year,please visit the following link:https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/514919cd-81ca-4084-81df-682fedc1784b

Too often people with RA are over- or under-treated because it is difficult for clinicians to accurately measure inflammation and determine the long-term prognosis of RA patients. As a result, some people are at increased risk of rapid radiographic progression, said Jeff Curtis, M.D., M.S., MPH, lead investigator, rheumatologist and Professor of medicine in the Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. It is critical that clinicians have reliable information when making treatment decisions. Our study demonstrated that the Vectra score was the strongest predictor of radiographic progression, which may help inform treatment plans and prevent future joint damage.

Title:Derivation and Validation of a Biomarker-Based Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Score in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Presenter:Jeff Curtis, M.D., M.S., MPH; University of Alabama at Birmingham.Date:Tuesday, Nov. 12, 2019. 9:00-11:00 a.m.Location:Poster 2350.

This study evaluated 30,751 Medicare patients with RA to develop and validate the Vectra CVD score, which predicts risk for a first cardiovascular (CV) event by combining data from Vectra and clinical measures. The primary CV outcome was a composite of three types of CV events heart attack, stroke, and CV death occurring within 3 years from testing. When the performance of the Vectra CVD score was compared to four other CV prediction models, the Vectra CVD score was a significant predictor of CV risk and was superior to all four other models. Importantly, when risk scores were converted to 3-year percentage risk for having a CV event, approximately 80 percent of patients were found to have a moderate or high risk of a CV event over 3 years, based on risk categories analogous to those of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2018 guidelines (Graph 2).

To view Graph 2: Vectra Predicts Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with RA, please visit the following link:https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/c902b4ec-a3c8-439f-9557-0a9b05631a1f

People with rheumatoid arthritis have almost double the risk of heart attack, stroke and atherosclerosis. Traditional CV risk factors alone do not fully explain the increased rates of CV events in RA, and inflammation is a missing component that is measured by the Vectra test, said Dr. Curtis. In this study, the Vectra CVD score effectively predicted CV risk in people with RA. We believe the Vectra CVD score may assist clinicians to more quickly identify patients at high risk for CV events and target interventions that can be potentially life-saving.

The company plans to publish these new data in peer reviewed medical journal and make the Vectra CVD score available to clinicians in fiscal year 2020. Please visit Myriad Autoimmune at booth #1419 to learn more about Vectra. Follow Myriad on Twitter via @myriadgenetics and follow meeting news by using the hashtag #ACR19.

About VectraVectra is a multi-biomarker molecular blood test that provides an objective and personalized measure of inflammatory disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Vectra provides unsurpassed ability to predict radiographic progression and can help guide medical management decisions with the goal of improving patient outcomes. Vectra testing is performed at a state-of-the-art CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) facility. Test results are reported to the physician five to seven days from shipping of the specimen. Physicians can receive test results by fax or the private web portal, VectraView. For more information on Vectra, please visit: http://www.vectrascore.com.

About Myriad GeneticsMyriad Genetics Inc. is a leading precision medicine company dedicated to being a trusted advisor transforming patient lives worldwide with pioneering molecular diagnostics. Myriad discovers and commercializes molecular diagnostic tests that: determine the risk of developing disease, accurately diagnose disease, assess the risk of disease progression, and guide treatment decisions across six major medical specialties where molecular diagnostics can significantly improve patient care and lower healthcare costs. Myriad is focused on five critical success factors: building upon a solid hereditary cancer foundation, growing new product volume, expanding reimbursement coverage for new products, increasing RNA kit revenue internationally and improving profitability with Elevate 2020. For more information on how Myriad is making a difference, please visit the Company's website: http://www.myriad.com.

Myriad, the Myriad logo, BART, BRACAnalysis, Colaris, Colaris AP, myPath, myRisk, Myriad myRisk, myRisk Hereditary Cancer, myChoice, myPlan, BRACAnalysis CDx, Tumor BRACAnalysis CDx, myChoice HRD, EndoPredict, Vectra, GeneSight, riskScore, Prolaris, Foresight and Prequel are trademarks or registered trademarks of Myriad Genetics, Inc. or its wholly owned subsidiaries in the United States and foreign countries. MYGN-F, MYGN-G.

Safe Harbor StatementThis press release contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements relating to the Company presenting new data on the Vectra test at the 2019 ACR Annual Meeting; the Vectra test enabling clinicians to tailor precision treatment plans to achieve better outcomes; the Vectra score helping inform treatment plans and prevent future joint damage; the Vectra CVD score assisting clinicians to more quickly identify patients at high risk for CV events and target interventions that can be potentially life-saving; publishing these new data in peer reviewed medical journal; making the Vectra CVD score available to clinicians in fiscal year 2020; and the Company's strategic directives under the caption "About Myriad Genetics." These "forward-looking statements" are based on management's current expectations of future events and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those set forth in or implied by forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: the risk that sales and profit margins of our molecular diagnostic tests and pharmaceutical and clinical services may decline; risks related to our ability to transition from our existing product portfolio to our new tests, including unexpected costs and delays; risks related to decisions or changes in governmental or private insurers reimbursement levels for our tests or our ability to obtain reimbursement for our new tests at comparable levels to our existing tests; risks related to increased competition and the development of new competing tests and services; the risk that we may be unable to develop or achieve commercial success for additional molecular diagnostic tests and pharmaceutical and clinical services in a timely manner, or at all; the risk that we may not successfully develop new markets for our molecular diagnostic tests and pharmaceutical and clinical services, including our ability to successfully generate revenue outside the United States; the risk that licenses to the technology underlying our molecular diagnostic tests and pharmaceutical and clinical services and any future tests and services are terminated or cannot be maintained on satisfactory terms; risks related to delays or other problems with operating our laboratory testing facilities and our healthcare clinic; risks related to public concern over genetic testing in general or our tests in particular; risks related to regulatory requirements or enforcement in the United States and foreign countries and changes in the structure of the healthcare system or healthcare payment systems; risks related to our ability to obtain new corporate collaborations or licenses and acquire new technologies or businesses on satisfactory terms, if at all; risks related to our ability to successfully integrate and derive benefits from any technologies or businesses that we license or acquire; risks related to our projections about our business, results of operations and financial condition; risks related to the potential market opportunity for our products and services; the risk that we or our licensors may be unable to protect or that third parties will infringe the proprietary technologies underlying our tests; the risk of patent-infringement claims or challenges to the validity of our patents or other intellectual property; risks related to changes in intellectual property laws covering our molecular diagnostic tests and pharmaceutical and clinical services and patents or enforcement in the United States and foreign countries, such as the Supreme Court decision in the lawsuit brought against us by the Association for Molecular Pathology et al; risks of new, changing and competitive technologies and regulations in the United States and internationally; the risk that we may be unable to comply with financial operating covenants under our credit or lending agreements; the risk that we will be unable to pay, when due, amounts due under our credit or lending agreements; and other factors discussed under the heading "Risk Factors" contained in Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, which has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as any updates to those risk factors filed from time to time in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K. All information in this press release is as of the date of the release, and Myriad undertakes no duty to update this information unless required by law.

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