StemCell Therapy

Tawyna said it herself you never know when youre going to need a jacket in Kansas. So why not grab one of these amazing Nordic Beach Jackets. The cozy soft jacket features a hood and pockets and a great sleeve that can be rolled up or worn down. The jackets come in many colors, olive, camel, burgundy, navy blue and more. The style is so versatile you are able to dress it up with jewelry and heels or dress it down with a flannel jeans and flats. Another really cool part to this amazing fall steal is the carrying bag. Every jacket comes in its own bag and not only does the bag have a handle for your shoulder, it is lightweight and keeps your jacket fresh. You can throw your jacket in the bag and fluff it to make sure it's looking its best whenever youre ready to wear it! Stop in and try on one of these cozy jackets, I promise you wont regret it! Checkout all the fun behind the scenes happenings at K lanes on their social media pages!

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Fit And Well: Live Well With Diabetes Event - KSN-TV

Type 2 diabetes means a persons pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.Over time, unchecked blood sugar levels pose serious health risks, such as heart disease. Fortunately, certain dietary decisions can help to control blood sugar levels. Evidence singles out a particular fruit and its health benefits for type 2 diabetics.

Adding avocado to your breakfast could help stabilise blood sugar levels throughout the day.

Avocados have grown in popularity over the years as they are packed with vitamins, nutrients, and heart-healthy fats. While they are high in fat, its the good kind of fat that benefits people with type 2 diabetes.

For those suffering with the condition, adding an avocado to their diet may help them to lose weight, lower cholesterol and increase insulin sensitivity.

In a study published in the Nutrition Journal, it was shown that avocados are beneficial for type 2 diabetics as they are low in carbohydrates, which means they will not affect blood sugar levels.

In the study it was noted that avocados do not significantly impact blood sugar levels.

The healthy fats found in avocados helps a person feel fuller for longer which aids in weight loss and helps with type 2 diabetes.

In a study with the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, diet plans were analysed.

The researchers found that a weight loss diet high in monounsaturated fats improves insulin sensitive in a way not seen in a comparable high-carb diet.

A healthy diet is critical for type 2 diabetics and, in general, following a diet plan of foods that help control blood sugar levels is crucial.

Avocados help control the blood sugar levels throughout the day and lowers blood pressure and cholesterol.

According to the United States Department of Agriculture, one cup of avocado cubes weighing 150 grams contains 12.79g of carbohydrates, less than 1g of sugar, 10.1g of fibre, 22g of fat and only 240 calories.

With so few carbohydrates, a high fibre content and healthy fat, those with type 2 diabetes can enjoy an avocados in moderation without the stress and worry of raising their blood sugar levels.

Pairing an avocado with other foods may help rescue blood sugar spikes, too.

The fat and fibre content takes longer to digest and slows the absorption of other carbohydrates at the same time.

Avocados can be added to scrambled eggs, on toast or whipped up as a delicious guacamole.

The rest is here:
Type 2 diabetes: Best food item to add to your breakfast to lower blood sugar - Express

Type 2 diabetes is a condition that means the body cant produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. Overtime, unchecked blood sugar levels could hike a persons risk of developing life-threatening complications such as heart diseases. The blood sugar levels constantly change throughout the day and in the evening. In fact, night time is when the blood sugar levels could spike to dangerous levels overnight. This is why the food one eats before going to bed is crucial.

When a person sleeps at night the amount of glucose used is equivalent to the amount of glucose being released by the liver, so the blood sugar levels should theoretically be at the same level.

However there are two processes that occur during the evening that alter these levels and could potentially cause major problems for those with type 2 diabetes.

The Mayo Clinic explained: The dawn phenomenon, also called the dawn effect, is the term used to describe an abnormal early-morning increase in blood sugar - usually between 2 am and 8 am, in people with diabetes.

"Some researchers believe that the natural overnight release of the so-called counter-regulatory hormones - including growth hormone, cortisol, glycogen and epinephrine - increases insulin resistance, causing blood sugar to rise.

"High morning blood sugar may also be caused by insufficient insulin the night before, insufficient anti-diabetic medication dosages or carbohydrate snack consumption at bedtime.

When it comes to snacking at night, avoiding carb heavy foods is imperative.

These include bread, starchy vegetables, pasta, chips or crackers.

Doctor Michael Mosley said: If you eat lots of carbohydrates and sugars, particularly the sort without fibre that get quickly absorbed, they will rapidly push up your blood glucose levels.

"If the glucose is not burned through some activity, the pancreas responds by releasing insulin into the bloodstream to bring the levels down again, storing the excess sugar as fat.

"Too much stored fat, particularly visceral fat can lead to serious health problems.

For late night snacking, foods with a high-fibre, low-fat content are recommended to help keep blood sugar levels stable.

These include snacks such as nuts, certain fruits, vegetables or legumes.

A 2003 study looked at the impact of bedtime snack composition on prevention of nocturnal hypolgycemia in adults with diabetes.

The objective was to determine the impact of four bedtime snack compositions on nocturnal glycemic control.

The result was that the need for snacks at night is beneficial in reducing the incidence of nocturnal hypoglycaemia.

Go here to see the original:
Type 2 diabetes: Best snacks to eat at night and what to avoid - Express

Type 2 diabetes occurs when a persons pancreas cannot produce or doesnt produce enough insulin to control blood sugar levels. Consistently high blood sugar levels is a precursor to deadly complications such heart disease or stroke. As a result, people with type 2 diabetes must turn to their diet to regulate blood sugar levels. Increasing evidence suggests chickpeas may help.

Chickpeas are a culinary ingredient long used in Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and Indian cookery. The legume has been been touted for its myriad health benefits, which include lowering blood sugar levels.

One of the primary benefits of eating chickpeas is that they have a relatively low glycemic index (GI). As Diabetes UK explained: Different carbohydrates are digested and absorbed at different rates, and GI is a ranking of how quickly each carbohydrate-based food and drink makes blood glucose levels rise after eating them.

Research has shown that choosing foods with a low GI index, such as chickpeas, can particularly help manage long-term blood sugar levels in people with Type 2 diabetes.

Second, chickpeas are a good source of fibre and protein, which are both known for their role in blood sugar regulation.

As Mayo Clinic explains, fibre can slow the absorption of sugar and help improve blood sugar levels. Equally, protein is broken down into glucose less efficiently than carbohydrate, which slows down the rise in blood sugar levels.

In one study, 19 people who ate a meal that contained 200 grams of chickpeas had a 21 percent reduction in blood sugar levels, compared to when they ate a meal that contained whole-grain cereal or white bread.

Furthermore, a 12-week study found that 45 individuals who ate 728 grams of chickpeas per week had a notable reduction in their fasting insulin levels, which is an important factor in blood sugar control.

Key dietary tips

A person should not focus solely on the GI of foods, however.

As the health body explains, this could make a persons diet unbalanced; high in fat and calories, which could lead to weight gain. This makes managing blood sugar levels harder and hikes the risk of heart disease.

Its important to think about the balance of your meals, which should be low in saturated fat, salt and sugar and contain more fruit and vegetables, wholegrains, pulses, nuts and oily fish, it advised.

According to Diabetes UK, people should include the following blood-sugar friendly options in their everyday meals:

What are the symptoms of type 2 diabetes?

According to the NHS, symptoms of type 2 diabetes include:

A plant extract has also been shown to lower blood sugar.

Go here to see the original:
Type 2 diabetes: Add this ingredient to your meals to lower blood sugar - Express

During Monday night's 'Lightning Round' segment of Jiim Cramer's Mad Money program, one caller asked about Tandem Diabetes Care (TNDM) : "I like Tandem. I like the stock,"said Cramer. Let's spend a few minutes with the charts to see if we like Tandem, too.

In this daily bar chart of TNDM, below, we can see that prices have been stuck in an eight month sideways consolidationpattern. Prices are currently above the declining 50-day moving average line and above the rising 200-day moving average line. TNDM spent the first half of the month below the 200-day line but it did not start a serious decline. Prices are now back of this longer-term indicator.

The daily On-Balance-Volume (OBV) line has been in a slow rise from early July telling us that buyers of TNDM have been more aggressive and buying shares even when prices declined.

The daily Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) oscillator just moved above the zero line for an outright go long signal.

In this weekly bar chart of TNDM, below, we can see that prices have had a big rally in the past two years. Prices are back above the rising 40-week moving average line.

The weekly OBV line has been pretty steady the past 12 months and it will probably not take too much of a rally to turn the OBV to the upside and a new high.

The MACD oscillator is nearly down to the zero line but renewed price strength should avert a sell signal.

In this Point and Figure chart of TNDM, below, we can see that an upside price target of $80 is being projected.

Bottom line strategy: Selling did not increase when TNDM broke below the rising 200-day moving average line, telling us that longs stayed with their positions and that they were morefocused on the bullish fundamentals. Traders and investors can approach TNDM from the long side.

Get an email alert each time I write an article for Real Money. Click the "+Follow" next to my byline to this article.

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Tandem Diabetes Care Could Eventually Break Out on the Upside - TheStreet.com

(Reuters Health) - Women who breastfeed may be less likely to develop diabetes and high blood pressure, a research review suggests.

Investigators examined data from four previous studies looking at the connection between lactation and diabetes in a total of about 206,000 women. They also analyzed data from five previous studies on the link between lactation and high blood pressure in a total of about 255,000 women.

Overall, mothers who breastfed for more than 12 months were 30% less likely to develop diabetes and 13% less likely to develop high blood pressure than women who didnt nurse babies that long.

This may be because breastfeeding burns a lot of calories and helps reverse metabolic problems that can develop during pregnancy like higher cholesterol, more fats circulating in the blood, and a diminished ability to process sugars, said Dr. Haitham Ahmed, senior author of the study and chair of cardiology at AdvantageCare Physicians in Brooklyn, New York.

In many ways it can be a reset to the adverse metabolic profile in pregnancy, Ahmed said by email. Many women are not able to breastfeed, but for those who are, that may be an excellent way to improve long term cardiovascular and metabolic health of new mothers.

Pediatricians recommend that mothers exclusively breastfeed infants until theyre at least six months old and continue to nurse for at least one year as they introduce some foods because it can reduce babies risk of ear and respiratory infections, sudden infant death syndrome, allergies, obesity and diabetes. For mothers, breastfeeding for at least one year has been linked to a lower risk of depression, obesity, and certain cancers.

In the current study, breastfeeding appeared to have a protective affect against high blood pressure and diabetes even after researchers accounted for other factors that can impact the risk of developing these conditions like obesity, smoking, and family medical history.

One drawback of the analysis is that none of the smaller studies were gold-standard controlled trials, so they couldnt prove that breastfeeding protects against diabetes or high blood pressure.

Researchers also didnt look at other factors that may impact womens health after pregnancy including the total number of births they have, race, age, or pregnancy complications, said Erica Gunderson, a researcher in cardiovascular and metabolic conditions at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. The study focused primarily on older women in populations with high levels of breastfeeding, and results might be different for other populations, Gunderson, who wasnt involved in the study, said by email.

Even so, the results should give women one more reason to breastfeed as long as possible, said Jennifer Yourkavitch of the Center for Womens Health and Wellness at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.

It takes energy to make milk lactation burns calories, Yourkavitch, who wasnt involved in the study, said by email. And that could spur post-pregnancy weight loss and prevent excessive weight gain, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in women, researchers note in JAMA Network Open.

While the study suggests breastfeeding might help protect against this fate, its not the only defense women have, said Yukiko Washio, a researcher at RTI International who wasnt involved in the study.

Mothers who cant breastfeed or choose not to breastfeed can still work on preventing diabetes and hypertension by abstinence from tobacco use and harmful drinking, as well as proper physical activity and nutrition, Washio said by email.

SOURCE: bit.ly/2qA6xZr JAMA Network Open, online October 16, 2019.

Link:
Breastfeeding tied to lower risk of diabetes, high blood pressure - Reuters

Individuals with type 2 diabetes who maintain weight loss after an intensive lifestyle intervention have sustained improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, and those who regain weight not only miss out on the benefits but may have a worsening of their metabolic profile, say US researchers.

In a new analysis of data from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial, Samantha E. Berger, PhD, of Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, and colleagues studied almost 1600 individuals who followed an intensive lifestyle intervention.

Particularly among participants who initially lost at least 10% of their body weight, maintaining the weight loss over 4 years led to significant improvements in cholesterol levels, blood glucose, and blood pressure, among other parameters, compared with those who regained weight.

The research, published October 9 in the Journal of the American Heart Association, also suggests that people who regain weight could still experience cardiometabolic benefits, as long as they regain no more than 25% of the original weight loss.

Hence, "maintaining 75% of weight loss was generally beneficial," the researchers conclude.

"These findings emphasize the dual importance of not only achieving a heathy body weight but maintaining a healthy body weight," said senior author Alice H. Lichtenstein, DSc, director of the Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory at the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, in a press release by the AHA.

And although she acknowledged that keeping off the pounds can be "challenging," she cautioned: "If you lose weight and don't maintain it, the benefits are diminished or disappear."

Lichtenstein told Medscape Medical News that, in general, "People understand that they need to lose weight."

However, they "frequently go on extreme diets and are successful in losing the weight, but we don't seem to be putting as much emphasis on how crucial it is to keep the weight off," she asserted.

"It may feel terrific" when people lose weight quickly, but "you don't get the metabolic benefits unless you make sustainable changes to daily food intake or the way you moderate your energy intake."

This means maintaining lifestyle changes "essentially over a lifetime" for individuals to be able to "get back in balance."

Weight loss programs, Lichtenstein added, will therefore "have to put a lot more emphasis on what happens after someone successfully loses weight and not just celebrate that point."

In the new article, researchers say few studies have directly compared individuals with successful weight loss maintenance (maintainers) and individuals who regained weight (regainers).

In addition, the impact of weight regain after weight loss on cardiometabolic risk factors "is not well established."

In part of the Look AHEAD randomized controlled trial, individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who had a body mass index (BMI) of over 25 kg/m2, or 27 kg/m2 if taking insulin, were assigned to an intensive weight loss lifestyle intervention or standard care.

The intervention lasted for 1 year and involved group support sessions, calorie and fat gram restrictions, and meal replacement and physical activity recommendations, with the aim of losing approximately 7% of body weight.

The participants, who were recruited from 16 sites across the United States, then entered a 3-year maintenance phase.

For the current analysis, researchers focused on 1561 individuals from the trial who were assigned to the intervention group, had initially lost at least 3% of body weight, and had follow-up data to the end of year four.

Within these groups, participants were classified based on how much weight they regained after the initial weight loss.

Those who gained none (0%) were termed "maintainers" and the rest were termed "regainers." The degree of weight regained was divided into four increments: 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of percentage weight-loss regained (weight change from years 1 to 4 as a percentage of the first year of weight loss).

Change in cardiometabolic risk factors after initial weight loss was compared in maintainers and regainers, after controlling for demographics, medications, and baseline and year 1 change in BMI.

The effect was also assessed separately in participants with < 10% weight loss and 10% initial weight loss.

As expected, individuals who lost more weight initially were significantly more likely to have improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors at year one than other participants. And those who initially lost more weight were significantly less likely to have started on diabetes and antihypertensive medications, and were significantly more likely to have stopped them during follow-up.

Among those who lost 10% initial weight, the results across most risk factors indicated maximal risk factor reduction among maintainers who successfully maintained 100% of the lost weight.

Successfully maintaining most ( 75%) of the weight loss (25% regain cut-point) was also associated with significant maintenance of improved risk factors.

In contrast, regainers showed significant deterioration in some cardiometabolic risk factors from years one to four.

Meanwhile, "For those who lost < 10% initial weight, keeping it off is better than regaining, but it appears the degree of maintaining the weight loss has little impact on cardiometabolic risk factors," the researchers say.

Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of intervention programs focusing not only on weight loss but weight loss maintenance, "given the adverse consequences of the latter," the authors reiterate.

"The important thing is, once you successfully lose weight, to really put a lot of emphasis on keeping it off," Lichtenstein told Medscape Medical News.

Finally, the researchers also say more work in this area is sorely needed.

"The findings from this study emphasize the need to further investigate long-term impact of partial weight regain after a weight loss intervention given the challenge of keeping off all of weight lost," they write.

The Look AHEAD trial was conducted by the Look AHEAD Research Group and supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Nursing Research; National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities; Office of Research on Women's Health; and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The authors have reported no relevant financial relationships.

J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8: e010951. Full text

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Maintaining Weight Loss in Diabetes Is Key to Keeping Benefits - Medscape

SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif. and TAIPEI, Taiwan, Oct. 21, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- TLC (Nasdaq: TLC, TWO: 4152), a clinical-stage specialty pharmaceutical company developing novel nanomedicines to target areas of unmet medical need in pain management, ophthalmology and oncology, recently presented data at the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) ANESTHESIOLOGY annual meeting from a Phase I/II clinical trial which showed TLC590 to yield more immediate and long-lasting pain reduction than ropivacaine. In addition, in vivo findings in which TLC590 showed no dose-related toxicity and other preclinical data were recently published in the International Journal of Nanomedicine. TLC590 is a non-opioid, BioSeizer formulation of ropivacaine with the aim to manage postsurgical pain for four to seven days with a single dose, potentially deterring the use of opioids following surgery.

At ANESTHESIOLOGY 2019, which took place October 19-23 at the Orange County Convention Center in Orlando, FL, principal investigator Todd Bertoch, MD, Chief Medical Officer at JBR Clinical Research, a CenExel Clinical Research Center of Excellence, presented findings from a Phase I/II, randomized, double-blind, comparator-controlled, dose-escalation study of TLC590 following inguinal hernia repair.

Highlights from the e-poster presentation are as follows:

I am delighted to have had the opportunity to present these fantastic results, said Dr. Todd Bertoch. As a clinical researcher specializing in pain, it is so rewarding to be able to share findings that provide hope for a real, substantive weapon in the war against opioids. Clinicians have been waiting patiently for safe, easily administered, very long acting local anesthetics with a rapid onset. These data suggest that we may have found one.

Results of studies evaluating the release profile of TLC590 in vitro and its pharmacokinetics and anesthetic effect in vivo were recently published in the International Journal of Nanomedicine.

Highlights from the publication article are as follows:

The poster presentation and full text article can be accessed under Publications in the Pressroom section of TLCs website at http://www.tlcbio.com.

About TLC590

TLC590 is a non-opioid, BioSeizer sustained release formulation of ropivacaine designed to prolong the retention time of ropivacaine around the injection site as a drug depot, simultaneously extending its therapeutic period and reducing unwanted systemic exposure. A Phase II, randomized, double-blind, comparator- and placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of TLC590 following bunionectomy is ongoing.

About TLC

TLC (NASDAQ: TLC, TWO: 4152) is a clinical-stage specialty pharmaceutical company dedicated to the research and development of novel nanomedicines that maximize the potential of its proprietary lipid-assembled drug delivery platform (LipAD). TLC believes that its deep experience with liposome science allows a combination of onset speed and benefit duration, improving active drug concentrations while decreasing unwanted systemic exposures. TLCs BioSeizer technology is designed to enable local sustained release of therapeutic agents at the site of disease or injury; its NanoX active drug loading technology is designed to alter the systemic exposure of a drug, potentially reducing dosing frequency and enhancing distribution of liposome-encapsulated active agents to the desired site. These technologies are versatile in the choice of active pharmaceutical ingredients, and scalable with respect to manufacturing. TLC has a diverse, wholly owned portfolio of therapeutics that target areas of unmet medical need in pain management, ophthalmology, and oncology.

Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements contained in this press release include, without limitation, statements regarding TLCs expectations regarding the clinical development of TLC590, the clinical benefits of TLC590 for postsurgical pain management, the timing, scope, progress and outcome of the clinical trials, and the anticipated timelines for the release of clinical data. Words such as may, believe, will, expect, plan, anticipate, estimate, intend and similar expressions (as well as other words or expressions referencing future events, conditions or circumstances) are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve a number of risks, assumptions, uncertainties and factors, including risks that the outcome of any clinical trial is inherently uncertain and TLC590 or any of our other product candidates may prove to be unsafe or ineffective, or may not achieve commercial approval. Other risks are described in the Risk Factors section of TLCs annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. All forward-looking statements are based on TLCs expectations and assumptions as of the date of this press release. Actual results may differ materially from these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, TLC expressly disclaims any responsibility to update any forward-looking statement contained herein, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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TLC Presents Clinical and Preclinical Data of TLC590 at ANESTHESIOLOGY Annual Meeting and in International Journal of Nanomedicine TLC590 showed...

Rizia Bardhan

With a research specialty in nanomedicine and nanophotonics and designing materials that fight diseases using image-guided techniques Rizia Bardhan will join the faculty of the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering in January, 2020.

Bardhan, who has been hired as a tenured associate professor, comes to Iowa State from Vanderbilt University, where she has been an assistant professor in the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering since 2012.

Her research focuses on designing nanomaterials that can be activated by external stimuli and then utilize them for biomedical imaging, and image-guided drug delivery and immunotherapies across many disease models, including cancer, neurodegenerative disease and infection. She also develops point of care diagnostics that she is currently applying for early detection of preterm birth in pregnant women. Click here for more on her current research.

Prior to joining the faculty of Vanderbilt University she was a postdoctoral fellow at The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA.

She received a B.A. in mathematics and chemistry at Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri, in 2005 and a Ph.D. in chemistry at Rice University in 2010 under the guidance of Prof. Naomi Halas, a pioneer in nanophotonics and plasmonics.

In the 2020 spring semester at Iowa State she will teach ChE 381, chemical engineering thermodynamics.

Outside of research and teaching, Bardhan enjoys spending time outdoors with her two sons Elan (3) and Jonah (5), and husband Cary Pint, who is also a new Iowa State University faculty member, joining the Department of Mechanical Engineering in January.

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New CBE professor Bardhan to bring image-guided techniques to fight against disease College of Engineering News Iowa State University - Iowa State...

Los Angeles, United States, In a recent study published by QY Research, titled, Nanobots Market Research Report, analysts offers an in-depth analysis of global Nanobots market. The study analyses the various aspect of the market by studying its historic and forecast data. The research report provides Porters five force model, SWOT analysis, and PESTEL analysis of the Nanobots market. The different areas covered in the report are Nanobots market size, drivers and restrains, segment analysis, geographic outlook, major manufacturers in the market, and competitive landscape.

The report provides accurate historic figures and estimates about the future to the readers. The report also mentions the expected CAGR of the global Nanobots market during the forecast period.

Get PDF template of this report: https://www.qyresearch.com/sample-form/form/1148108/global-nanobots-market-report-history-and-forecast-2014-2025-breakdown-data-by-manufacturers-key-regions-types-and-application

Key manufacturers in the Nanobots market:

The report lists some of the key manufacturers operating in the global Nanobots market. Their revenue data, shares in the market, historic and forecast are all covered in this section.

Xidex CorpZymergen IncSynthace LimitedGinkgo BioworksAdvanced Diamond TechnologiesAdvanced Nano Products Co Limited

Segment Analysis of the Nanobots market:

The segment analysis of the Nanobots market includes the major two segments as type and application, and end user. Such a segmentation enables a granular view of the market that is imperative to understand the finer nuances.

Global Nanobots Market by Type Segments:

Microbivore NanorobotsRespirocyte NanorobotsClottocyte NanorobotsCellular Repair Nanorobots

Global Nanobots Market by Application Segments:

Nano MedicineBiomedicalMechanicalOther applications

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The geographic outlook of the Nanobots market contains analysis of all the regions which occupy the regional shares of the market. This section provides you with all the information about the revenue generated by different regions from import, export, and manufacturing.

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Scope of Global Nanobots Market

The research report gives a wide overview of the new and emerging trends in the Nanobots market. The report provides an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the market along with the other factors which are expected to hinder the market. It also explains the dynamics of Nanobots market in detail for a comprehensive understanding.

The drivers in the Nanobots market are all the external factors which are expected to contribute towards its growth. It contains the data from different industries which are expected to grow and create more demand and opportunities for the products in the future. This will help reader understand the trajectory of the Nanobots market for making sound investments and better business decisions.

The restraints in the Nanobots market includes all the factors which might hamper its growth in future. Studying the market restraints will help readers understand the challenges the Nanobots market might face. It will also help them take necessary measures to avert loses. In addition, the report also includes a list of opportunities present in the global Nanobots market.

The Nanobots market scope will allow the reader to have all the necessary information of the Nanobots market that might be helpful to the readers.

Competitive Landscape of the Nanobots market:

Competitive landscape studies new strategies being used by different manufacturers for increasing the competition or maintain their position in the Nanobots market. Strategies such as product development, innovative technologies, mergers and acquisitions, and joint ventures are covered in the research report. This will help the reader understand the current trends that are growing at a fast pace. It will also update the reader about the new products which are replacing the traditional once. All this has been explained in complete detail for absolute clarity.

About Us:

QYResearch always pursuits high product quality with the belief that quality is the soul of business. Through years of effort and supports from the huge number of customer supports, QYResearch consulting group has accumulated creative design methods on many high-quality markets investigation and research team with rich experience. Today, QYResearch has become a brand of quality assurance in the consulting industry.

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Nanobots Market Size Trends, Revenue, Regional Segmented Analysis and Outlook 2025 - Update in Seconds

Nanorobotic is a new technology of robot engineering. The development of nano-robot belongs to molecular nanotechnology

Nanorobotic Marketreport offers a comprehensive valuation of the marketplace. It does so via in-depth comprehensions, grateful market growth by pursuing past developments, and studying the present situation and future forecasts based on progressive and likely areas. Each research report supports as a depository of analysis and data for each and every side of the industry, including but not limited to: Regional markets, types, applications, technology developments and the competitive landscape.

The Nanorobotic Market report profiles the following companies, which includes: Bruker, Jeol, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Ginkgo Bioworks, Oxford Instruments, Ev Group, Imina Technologies, Toronto Nano Instrumentation, Klocke Nanotechnik, Kleindiek Nanotechnik, Xidex, Synthace, Park Systems, Smaract, Nanonics Imaging

Get Sample Copy of this Report at @https://www.reportsintellect.com/sample-request/581106

Report Description:-

This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares and growth opportunities of Nanorobotic market by product type, application, key companies and key regions.

In addition, this report discusses the key drivers influencing market growth, opportunities, the challenges and the risks faced by key players and the market as a whole. It also analyzes key emerging trends and their impact on present and future development.

Product Type Coverage:-Nanomanipulator, Bio-Nanorobotic, Magnetically Guided Robot

Product Application Coverage:-Nanometer Medicine, Biomedical, Machine, Other

Market Segment by Regions, regional analysis coversNorth America (United States, Canada and Mexico)Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia etc.)Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria and South Africa)

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Table of Content:

1 Report Overview1.1 Study Scope1.2 Key Market Segments1.3 Players Covered1.4 Market Analysis by Type1.5 Market by Application1.6 Study Objectives1.7 Years Considered

2 Global Growth Trends2.1 Nanorobotic- Market Size2.2 Nanorobotic- Growth Trends by Regions2.3 Industry Trends

3 Market Share by Key Players3.1 Nanorobotic- Market Size by Manufacturers3.2 Nanorobotic- Key Players Head office and Area Served3.3 Key Players Nanorobotic- Product/Solution/Service3.4 Date of Enter into Nanorobotic- Market3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

4 Breakdown Data by Product4.1 Global Nanorobotic- Sales by Product4.2 Global Nanorobotic- Revenue by Product4.3 Nanorobotic- Price by Product

5 Breakdown Data by End User5.1 Overview5.2 Global Nanorobotic- Breakdown Data by End User

Research objectives

About Us:-Reports Intellect is your one-stop solution for everything related to market research and market intelligence. We understand the importance of market intelligence and its need in todays competitive world.

Our professional team works hard to fetch the most authentic research reports backed with impeccable data figures which guarantee outstanding results every time for you.

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Nanorobotic Market 2019 Technological Perspective, Latest Trends and key manufacturers:: Bruker, Jeol, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Ginkgo Bioworks -...

DUBLIN, Oct. 22, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Wound Care Market - Global Outlook and Forecast 2019-2024" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global wound care market is growing at a CAGR of over 5% during the forecast period 2018-2024.

The adoption of wound care biologics is augmenting the growth of the global wound care market. The commercial availability of a wide array of wound biologics is likely to encourage many end-users to use them in treating wounds as they are clinically proven, safe, and effective than other products.

The growing incidence of infections caused in lesions is another factor accelerating the growth of anti-microbial dressings market segment. Anti-microbial agents such as chlorhexidine, maggots, silver, iodine, and honey are increasingly becoming important in the global wound care market. Therefore, the incorporation of anti-microbial agents in wound dressing products is improving clinical outcomes for the treatment of wounds, thereby driving the global wound care market.

This research report includes detailed market segmentation by products, wound type, end-users, and geography. The increase in the geriatric population is a major contributing factor for the growth of the advanced wound care segment as the prevalence of diabetes and other diseases is more common in the elderly age group than youth.

The advanced segment is also growing as the majority of market players are offering innovative products to meet the demand for wound care worldwide. The rising incidence of diabetes and associated diabetic foot ulcers in the elderly population globally is fueling steady growth for traditional products.

The market is also growing steadily as products such as gauze bandages and adhesive bandages witness sustainable demand for small cuts, bruises as well as for chronic wounds and burns, especially in developing countries. Developing regions such as Africa, Asia, and Latin America are the largest contributors to the traditional products.

The acute wound market is growing mainly due to the rise in surgical site infections (SSI) and the increase in the number of burn cases worldwide. Chronic wounds do not heal through the normal healing process. The segment is growing due to the growing burden of diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, pressure ulcers, and some surgical site infections that do not heal naturally or with medicines.

The shift from traditional lower technology wound care treatments to the adoption of advanced treatments is a major factor for the high share of the hospitals and specialty wound clinic segment. Long-term care facilities segment is growing at a steady pace because of the growing incidence of chronic wounds due to the increase in chronic diseases such as diabetes. The growing elderly population is contributing to the growth of the segment as they are more prone to chronic diseases.

Key Topics Covered:

1 Research Methodology

2 Research Objectives

3 Research Process

4 Scope & Coverage4.1 Market Definition4.2 Base Year4.3 Scope of the study4.4 Market Segments

5 Report Assumptions & Caveats5.1 Key Caveats5.2 Currency Conversion5.3 Market Derivation

6 Market at a Glance

7 Introduction7.1 Wound Care: An Overview7.1.1 Background7.1.2 Wound Care for Acute & Chronic Wounds7.1.3 Wound Care: Market Snapshot

8 Market Dynamics8.1 Market Growth Enablers8.1.1 Increasing Prevalence of Acute & Chronic Wounds8.1.2 New Product Approvals/Launches8.1.3 Increasing Number of Surgical Procedures8.2 Market Growth Restraints8.2.1 High Cost of Advanced Wound Care Products & Devices8.2.2 Limitations & Complications with Wound Care Products & Devices8.2.3 Intense Competition & Pricing Pressure8.2.4 Shortage of Resources for Wound Care Treatments8.3 Market Opportunities & Trends8.3.1 Focus on Development & Commercialization of Wound Biologics8.3.2 High Demand for Anti-microbial Wound Dressing Products8.3.3 Growing Popularity of Natural Surgical Sealants8.3.4 Emergence of Stem Cell Therapy For Wound Healing

9 Global Wound Care Market9.1 Market Overview9.2 Market Size & Forecast9.3 Five Forces Analysis

10 By Product Type10.1 Market Snapshot & Growth Engine10.2 Market Overview

11 Advanced Wound Care Products11.1 Market Snapshot & Growth Engine11.2 Market Overview11.3 Advanced Wound Care Segmentation by Product Type11.4 Advanced Wound Dressings11.5 Wound Therapy Devices11.6 Wound Care Biologics

12 Traditional Wound Care Products12.1 Market Overview12.2 Market Size & Forecast

13 Sutures & Stapling Devices13.1 Market Snapshot & Growth Engine13.2 Market Overview13.3 Market Size & Forecast13.4 Segmentation by Product Type13.5 Sutures13.6 Stapling Devices

14 Hemostats & Surgical Sealants14.1 Market Snapshot & Growth Engine14.2 Market Overview14.3 Market Size & Forecast14.4 Segmentation by Product Type14.5 Hemostats14.6 Surgical Sealants

15 By Wound Type15.1 Market Snapshot & Growth Engine15.2 Market Overview15.3 Acute Wounds15.4 Chronic Wounds

16 By End Users16.1 Market Snapshot & Growth Engine16.2 Market Overview16.3 Hospitals & Specialty Wound Care Clinics16.4 Long-term Care Facilities16.5 Home Healthcare16.6 Others

17 By Geography17.1 Market Snapshot & Growth Engine17.2 Market Overview

Key Company Profiles

Other Prominent Vendors

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Global Wound Care Market Outlook to 2024: New Product Approvals/Launches, Emergence of Stem Cell Therapy For Wound Healing - P&T Community

Cell-based therapy for type 1 diabetes is a new treatment strategy that is showing promising results. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease that can develop early in life. The disease involves the destruction of pancreatic beta cells by the bodys auto-immune response resulting in insufficient insulin production to regulate blood glucose. If left untreated, this condition can lead to serious long-term effects such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and renal failure. Insulin therapy is the current standard of care treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, insulin therapy cannot fully prevent the long-term complications associated with type 1 diabetes.

Organoids are tiny, three-dimensional tissue cultures that are derived from stem cells. Organoids can be created to replicate the complexity of an organ or they can be crafted to express selected aspects of an organ such as producing only certain types of cells.

Researchers have created organoids that differentiate into insulin-producing pancreatic cells. These modified insulin-producing cells successfully regulated blood glucose levels when implanted in diabetic mice.

The cluster of cells in the pancreas that produce insulin is known as islets. Islet cell transplantation is a powerful tool to treat type 1 diabetes. Many studies have shown how this cell therapy could be effective in the treatment of diabetes if long-term control of glucose levels can be achieved.

Researchers have faced challenges in this treatment strategy due to loss of islet cells after the transplantation. The loss of cells occurs mainly because of inflammation of the transplant site and revascularization of cells that disrupts blood and oxygen supply leading to cell death. Scientists are looking for new strategies that can prevent the loss of islet cells and improve clinical islet transplantation outcomes.

Amniotic epithelial cells are stem cells that have a high proliferative capacity, self-renewal ability, multilineage differentiation, ease of access, and are safe for transplantation. During the last few years, human amniotic epithelial cells have been of great interest to researchers working on regenerative medicine.

In a new study recently published in Nature Communications, researchers from Geneva, Switzerland, engineered viable and functional insulin-producing organoids by combining human amniotic epithelial cells and dissociated islet cells. The researchers tested if inclusion of human amniotic epithelial cells enhanced the engraftment and viability of islet cells and determined if this cell-therapy for type 1 diabetes was successful in mouse models. Various tests such as insulin expression, insulin secretion, and stability under hypoxic conditions were used to test the viability of the organoids.

The organoids composed of human amniotic epithelial cells and islet cells did not experience any islet loss post transplantation. The researchers observed a clear protective effect of amniotic epithelial cells on islet cells in conditions of hypoxia. In addition, the organoids maintained responsiveness to glucose and showed significant protection from cell death.

The researchers found that islet organoids enriched with human amniotic epithelial cells resulted in mass engraftment of insulin producing beta cells thus improving function of these cells. Compared with islet cell organoids not combined with amniotic epithelial cells, the organoids with islet cells and amniotic epithelial cell combination normalized the blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. This suggests that there was adequate blood glucose regulation achieved by these engineered organoids.

These findings show that combining islet cells with human amniotic epithelial cells markedly improves their functionality and viability of islet cells. It also helps in the successful engraftment of islet cells. This cell therapy for type 1 diabetes has the potential to be the next treatment strategy for this condition.

The researchers express the need to further explore the use of these organoids to include more favorable implantation sites and expanding to the use of stem cells that are an unlimited source of insulin.

Written by Preeti Paul, M.Sc.

Reference: Fanny Lebreton et al., Insulin producing organoids engineered from islet and amniotic epithelial cells to treat diabetes. Nature Communications 10, Article number: 4491 (2019)

Image bySteve BuissinnefromPixabay

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Engineered cell-based therapy as a new treatment strategy for type 1 diabetes - Medical News Bulletin

KENILWORTH, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency has adopted a positive opinion recommending approval of two regimens of KEYTRUDA, Mercks anti-PD-1 therapy, for the first-line treatment of metastatic or unresectable recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). KEYTRUDA, as monotherapy or in combination with platinum and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy, is recommended in patients whose tumors express PD-L1 (combined positive score [CPS] 1). This recommendation is based on data from the pivotal Phase 3 KEYNOTE-048 trial, in which KEYTRUDA, as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy, demonstrated a significant improvement in overall survival, compared with standard treatment (cetuximab with carboplatin or cisplatin plus 5-FU), in these patient populations.

Head and neck cancer remains a devastating disease with poor long-term outcomes and advances in survival have been difficult to achieve for more than 10 years said Dr. Jonathan Cheng, vice president, clinical research, Merck Research Laboratories. The positive EU CHMP opinion further validates the potential of KEYTRUDA, as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy, to help patients and address the high unmet need in this aggressive form of head and neck cancer.

Merck currently has the largest immuno-oncology clinical development program in HNSCC and is continuing to advance multiple registration-enabling studies investigating KEYTRUDA as monotherapy and in combination with other cancer treatmentsincluding, KEYNOTE-412 and KEYNOTE-689. The CHMPs recommendation will now be reviewed by the European Commission for marketing authorization in the EU, and a final decision is expected in the fourth quarter of 2019.

About Head and Neck CancerHead and neck cancer describes a number of different tumors that develop in or around the throat, larynx, nose, sinuses and mouth. Most head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas that begin in the flat, squamous cells that make up the thin surface layer of the structures in the head and neck. Two substances that greatly increase the risk of developing head and neck cancer are tobacco and alcohol. It is estimated that there were more than 705,000 new cases of head and neck cancer diagnosed and over 358,000 deaths from the disease worldwide in 2018. In Europe, it is estimated that there were more than 146,000 newly diagnosed cases of head and neck cancer and around 66,000 deaths from the disease in 2018.

About KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) InjectionKEYTRUDA is an anti-PD-1 therapy that works by increasing the ability of the bodys immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells.

Merck has the industrys largest immuno-oncology clinical research program. There are currently more than 1,000 trials studying KEYTRUDA across a wide variety of cancers and treatment settings. The KEYTRUDA clinical program seeks to understand the role of KEYTRUDA across cancers and the factors that may predict a patients likelihood of benefitting from treatment with KEYTRUDA, including exploring several different biomarkers.

About KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) InjectionKEYTRUDA is an anti-PD-1 therapy that works by increasing the ability of the bodys immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells.

Merck has the industrys largest immuno-oncology clinical research program. There are currently more than 1,000 trials studying KEYTRUDA across a wide variety of cancers and treatment settings. The KEYTRUDA clinical program seeks to understand the role of KEYTRUDA across cancers and the factors that may predict a patients likelihood of benefitting from treatment with KEYTRUDA, including exploring several different biomarkers.

Selected KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) IndicationsMelanomaKEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with melanoma with involvement of lymph node(s) following complete resection.

Non-Small Cell Lung CancerKEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations.

KEYTRUDA, in combination with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC expressing PD-L1 [tumor proportion score (TPS) 1%] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, and is stage III where patients are not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation, or metastatic.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS 1%) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA.

Small Cell Lung CancerKEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic small cell lung cancer (SCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy and at least one other prior line of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.

Head and Neck CancerKEYTRUDA, in combination with platinum and fluorouracil (FU), is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 [combined positive score (CPS) 1] as determined by an FDA-approved test.

KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy.

Classical Hodgkin LymphomaKEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), or who have relapsed after 3 or more prior lines of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell LymphomaKEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), or who have relapsed after 2 or more prior lines of therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. KEYTRUDA is not recommended for the treatment of patients with PMBCL who require urgent cytoreductive therapy.

Urothelial CarcinomaKEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who are not eligible for cisplatin-containing chemotherapy and whose tumors express PD-L1 [CPS 10] as determined by an FDA-approved test, or in patients who are not eligible for any platinum-containing chemotherapy regardless of PD-L1 status. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and duration of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy.

Microsatellite Instability-High (MSI-H) CancerKEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)

This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with MSI-H central nervous system cancers have not been established.

Gastric CancerKEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 1) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after two or more prior lines of therapy including fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy and if appropriate, HER2/neu-targeted therapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Esophageal CancerKEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 10) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression after one or more prior lines of systemic therapy.

Cervical CancerKEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS 1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Hepatocellular CarcinomaKEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have been previously treated with sorafenib. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Merkel Cell CarcinomaKEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials.

Renal Cell CarcinomaKEYTRUDA, in combination with axitinib, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Selected Important Safety Information for KEYTRUDA

Immune-Mediated PneumonitisKEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis, including fatal cases. Pneumonitis occurred in 3.4% (94/2799) of patients with various cancers receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 1 (0.8%), 2 (1.3%), 3 (0.9%), 4 (0.3%), and 5 (0.1%). Pneumonitis occurred in 8.2% (65/790) of NSCLC patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-4 in 3.2% of patients, and occurred more frequently in patients with a history of prior thoracic radiation (17%) compared to those without (7.7%). Pneumonitis occurred in 6% (18/300) of HNSCC patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-5 in 1.6% of patients, and occurred in 5.4% (15/276) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with platinum and FU as first-line therapy for advanced disease, including Grade 3-5 in 1.5% of patients.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis. Evaluate suspected pneumonitis with radiographic imaging. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater pneumonitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 or recurrent Grade 2 pneumonitis.

Immune-Mediated ColitisKEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated colitis. Colitis occurred in 1.7% (48/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.4%), 3 (1.1%), and 4 (<0.1%). Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of colitis. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater colitis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 or 3; permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 4 colitis.

Immune-Mediated Hepatitis (KEYTRUDA) and Hepatotoxicity (KEYTRUDA in Combination with Axitinib)Immune-Mediated HepatitisKEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Hepatitis occurred in 0.7% (19/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.4%), and 4 (<0.1%). Monitor patients for changes in liver function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater hepatitis and, based on severity of liver enzyme elevations, withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Hepatotoxicity in Combination with AxitinibKEYTRUDA in combination with axitinib can cause hepatic toxicity with higher than expected frequencies of Grades 3 and 4 ALT and AST elevations compared to KEYTRUDA alone. With the combination of KEYTRUDA and axitinib, Grades 3 and 4 increased ALT (20%) and increased AST (13%) were seen. Monitor liver enzymes before initiation of and periodically throughout treatment. Consider more frequent monitoring of liver enzymes as compared to when the drugs are administered as single agents. For elevated liver enzymes, interrupt KEYTRUDA and axitinib, and consider administering corticosteroids as needed.

Immune-Mediated EndocrinopathiesKEYTRUDA can cause hypophysitis, thyroid disorders, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Hypophysitis occurred in 0.6% (17/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.2%), 3 (0.3%), and 4 (<0.1%). Hypothyroidism occurred in 8.5% (237/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (6.2%) and 3 (0.1%). The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in 1185 patients with HNSCC (16%), receiving KEYTRUDA, as a single agent or in combination with platinum and FU, including Grade 3 (0.3%) hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 3.4% (96/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.8%) and 3 (0.1%), and thyroiditis occurred in 0.6% (16/2799) of patients, including Grade 2 (0.3%). Type 1 diabetes mellitus, including diabetic ketoacidosis, occurred in 0.2% (6/2799) of patients.

Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of hypophysitis (including hypopituitarism and adrenal insufficiency), thyroid function (prior to and periodically during treatment), and hyperglycemia. For hypophysitis, administer corticosteroids and hormone replacement as clinically indicated. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2 and withhold or discontinue for Grade 3 or 4 hypophysitis. Administer hormone replacement for hypothyroidism and manage hyperthyroidism with thionamides and beta-blockers as appropriate. Withhold or discontinue KEYTRUDA for Grade 3 or 4 hyperthyroidism. Administer insulin for type 1 diabetes and withhold KEYTRUDA and administer antihyperglycemics in patients with severe hyperglycemia.

Immune-Mediated Nephritis and Renal DysfunctionKEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 0.3% (9/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.1%), 3 (0.1%), and 4 (<0.1%) nephritis. Nephritis occurred in 1.7% (7/405) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy. Monitor patients for changes in renal function. Administer corticosteroids for Grade 2 or greater nephritis. Withhold KEYTRUDA for Grade 2; permanently discontinue for Grade 3 or 4 nephritis.

Immune-Mediated Skin ReactionsImmune-mediated rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) (some cases with fatal outcome), exfoliative dermatitis, and bullous pemphigoid, can occur. Monitor patients for suspected severe skin reactions and based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. For signs or symptoms of SJS or TEN, withhold KEYTRUDA and refer the patient for specialized care for assessment and treatment. If SJS or TEN is confirmed, permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Other Immune-Mediated Adverse ReactionsImmune-mediated adverse reactions, which may be severe or fatal, can occur in any organ system or tissue in patients receiving KEYTRUDA and may also occur after discontinuation of treatment. For suspected immune-mediated adverse reactions, ensure adequate evaluation to confirm etiology or exclude other causes. Based on the severity of the adverse reaction, withhold KEYTRUDA and administer corticosteroids. Upon improvement to Grade 1 or less, initiate corticosteroid taper and continue to taper over at least 1 month. Based on limited data from clinical studies in patients whose immune-related adverse reactions could not be controlled with corticosteroid use, administration of other systemic immunosuppressants can be considered. Resume KEYTRUDA when the adverse reaction remains at Grade 1 or less following corticosteroid taper. Permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA for any Grade 3 immune-mediated adverse reaction that recurs and for any life-threatening immune-mediated adverse reaction.

The following clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions occurred in less than 1% (unless otherwise indicated) of 2799 patients: arthritis (1.5%), uveitis, myositis, Guillain-Barr syndrome, myasthenia gravis, vasculitis, pancreatitis, hemolytic anemia, sarcoidosis, and encephalitis. In addition, myelitis and myocarditis were reported in other clinical trials, including cHL, and postmarketing use.

Treatment with KEYTRUDA may increase the risk of rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. Consider the benefit of treatment vs the risk of possible organ rejection in these patients.

Infusion-Related ReactionsKEYTRUDA can cause severe or life-threatening infusion-related reactions, including hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, which have been reported in 0.2% (6/2799) of patients. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions. For Grade 3 or 4 reactions, stop infusion and permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA.

Complications of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)Immune-mediated complications, including fatal events, occurred in patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT after treatment with KEYTRUDA. Of 23 patients with cHL who proceeded to allogeneic HSCT after KEYTRUDA, 6 (26%) developed graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (1 fatal case) and 2 (9%) developed severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) after reduced-intensity conditioning (1 fatal case). Cases of fatal hyperacute GVHD after allogeneic HSCT have also been reported in patients with lymphoma who received a PD-1 receptorblocking antibody before transplantation. Follow patients closely for early evidence of transplant-related complications such as hyperacute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), Grade 3 to 4 acute GVHD, steroid-requiring febrile syndrome, hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), and other immune-mediated adverse reactions.

In patients with a history of allogeneic HSCT, acute GVHD (including fatal GVHD) has been reported after treatment with KEYTRUDA. Patients who experienced GVHD after their transplant procedure may be at increased risk for GVHD after KEYTRUDA. Consider the benefit of KEYTRUDA vs the risk of GVHD in these patients.

Increased Mortality in Patients With Multiple MyelomaIn trials in patients with multiple myeloma, the addition of KEYTRUDA to a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone resulted in increased mortality. Treatment of these patients with a PD-1 or PD-L1 blocking antibody in this combination is not recommended outside of controlled trials.

Embryofetal ToxicityBased on its mechanism of action, KEYTRUDA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise women of this potential risk. In females of reproductive potential, verify pregnancy status prior to initiating KEYTRUDA and advise them to use effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the last dose.

Adverse ReactionsIn KEYNOTE-006, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 9% of 555 patients with advanced melanoma; adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation in more than one patient were colitis (1.4%), autoimmune hepatitis (0.7%), allergic reaction (0.4%), polyneuropathy (0.4%), and cardiac failure (0.4%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) with KEYTRUDA were fatigue (28%), diarrhea (26%), rash (24%), and nausea (21%).

In KEYNOTE-054, KEYTRUDA was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 14% of 509 patients; the most common (1%) were pneumonitis (1.4%), colitis (1.2%), and diarrhea (1%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 25% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA. The most common adverse reaction (20%) with KEYTRUDA was diarrhea (28%).

In KEYNOTE-189, when KEYTRUDA was administered with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy in metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 20% of 405 patients. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were pneumonitis (3%) and acute kidney injury (2%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) with KEYTRUDA were nausea (56%), fatigue (56%), constipation (35%), diarrhea (31%), decreased appetite (28%), rash (25%), vomiting (24%), cough (21%), dyspnea (21%), and pyrexia (20%).

In KEYNOTE-407, when KEYTRUDA was administered with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound in metastatic squamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 15% of 101 patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were febrile neutropenia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection. Adverse reactions observed in KEYNOTE-407 were similar to those observed in KEYNOTE-189 with the exception that increased incidences of alopecia (47% vs 36%) and peripheral neuropathy (31% vs 25%) were observed in the KEYTRUDA and chemotherapy arm compared to the placebo and chemotherapy arm in KEYNOTE-407.

In KEYNOTE-042, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 19% of 636 patients; the most common were pneumonitis (3%), death due to unknown cause (1.6%), and pneumonia (1.4%). The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were pneumonia (7%), pneumonitis (3.9%), pulmonary embolism (2.4%), and pleural effusion (2.2%). The most common adverse reaction (20%) was fatigue (25%).

In KEYNOTE-010, KEYTRUDA monotherapy was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 682 patients with metastatic NSCLC; the most common was pneumonitis (1.8%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) were decreased appetite (25%), fatigue (25%), dyspnea (23%), and nausea (20%).

Adverse reactions occurring in patients with SCLC were similar to those occurring in patients with other solid tumors who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent.

In KEYNOTE-048, KEYTRUDA monotherapy was discontinued due to adverse events in 12% of 300 patients with HNSCC; the most common adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation were sepsis (1.7%) and pneumonia (1.3%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) were fatigue (33%), constipation (20%), and rash (20%).

In KEYNOTE-048, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with platinum (cisplatin or carboplatin) and FU chemotherapy, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 16% of 276 patients with HNSCC. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were pneumonia (2.5%), pneumonitis (1.8%), and septic shock (1.4%). The most common adverse reactions (20%) were nausea (51%), fatigue (49%), constipation (37%), vomiting (32%), mucosal inflammation (31%), diarrhea (29%), decreased appetite (29%), stomatitis (26%), and cough (22%).

In KEYNOTE-012, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 17% of 192 patients with HNSCC. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 45% of patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were pneumonia, dyspnea, confusional state, vomiting, pleural effusion, and respiratory failure. The most common adverse reactions (20%) were fatigue, decreased appetite, and dyspnea. Adverse reactions occurring in patients with HNSCC were generally similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy, with the exception of increased incidences of facial edema and new or worsening hypothyroidism.

In KEYNOTE-087, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 5% of 210 patients with cHL. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 16% of patients; those 1% included pneumonia, pneumonitis, pyrexia, dyspnea, GVHD, and herpes zoster. Two patients died from causes other than disease progression; 1 from GVHD after subsequent allogeneic HSCT and 1 from septic shock. The most common adverse reactions (20%) were fatigue (26%), pyrexia (24%), cough (24%), musculoskeletal pain (21%), diarrhea (20%), and rash (20%).

In KEYNOTE-170, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 53 patients with PMBCL. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 26% of patients and included arrhythmia (4%), cardiac tamponade (2%), myocardial infarction (2%), pericardial effusion (2%), and pericarditis (2%). Six (11%) patients died within 30 days of start of treatment. The most common adverse reactions (20%) were musculoskeletal pain (30%), upper respiratory tract infection and pyrexia (28% each), cough (26%), fatigue (23%), and dyspnea (21%).

In KEYNOTE-052, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 11% of 370 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 42% of patients; those 2% were urinary tract infection, hematuria, acute kidney injury, pneumonia, and urosepsis. The most common adverse reactions (20%) were fatigue (38%), musculoskeletal pain (24%), decreased appetite (22%), constipation (21%), rash (21%), and diarrhea (20%).

In KEYNOTE-045, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 266 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA was pneumonitis (1.9%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 39% of KEYTRUDA-treated patients; those 2% were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, anemia, and pneumonitis. The most common adverse reactions (20%) in patients who received KEYTRUDA were fatigue (38%), musculoskeletal pain (32%), pruritus (23%), decreased appetite (21%), nausea (21%), and rash (20%).

Adverse reactions occurring in patients with gastric cancer were similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy.

Adverse reactions occurring in patients with esophageal cancer were similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy.

In KEYNOTE-158, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 98 patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 39% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA; the most frequent included anemia (7%), fistula, hemorrhage, and infections [except urinary tract infections] (4.1% each). The most common adverse reactions (20%) were fatigue (43%), musculoskeletal pain (27%), diarrhea (23%), pain and abdominal pain (22% each), and decreased appetite (21%).

Adverse reactions occurring in patients with HCC were generally similar to those in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy, with the exception of increased incidences of ascites (8% Grades 3-4) and immune-mediated hepatitis (2.9%). Laboratory abnormalities (Grades 3-4) that occurred at a higher incidence were elevated AST (20%), ALT (9%), and hyperbilirubinemia (10%).

Among the 50 patients with MCC enrolled in study KEYNOTE-017, adverse reactions occurring in patients with MCC were generally similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy. Laboratory abnormalities (Grades 3-4) that occurred at a higher incidence were elevated AST (11%) and hyperglycemia (19%).

In KEYNOTE-426, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with axitinib, fatal adverse reactions occurred in 3.3% of 429 patients. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 40% of patients, the most frequent of which (1%) included hepatotoxicity (7%), diarrhea (4.2%), acute kidney injury (2.3%), dehydration (1%), and pneumonitis (1%). Permanent discontinuation due to an adverse reaction occurred in 31% of patients; KEYTRUDA only (13%), axitinib only (13%), and the combination (8%). The most common adverse reactions (>1%) resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA, axitinib or the combination were hepatotoxicity (13%), diarrhea/colitis (1.9%), acute kidney injury (1.6%), and cerebrovascular accident (1.2%). When KEYTRUDA was used in combination with axitinib, the most common adverse reactions (20%) were diarrhea (56%), fatigue/asthenia (52%), hypertension (48%), hepatotoxicity (39%), hypothyroidism (35%), decreased appetite (30%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (28%), nausea (28%), stomatitis/mucosal inflammation (27%), dysphonia (25%), rash (25%), cough (21%), and constipation (21%).

LactationBecause of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed children, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment and for 4 months after the final dose.

Pediatric UseThere is limited experience in pediatric patients. In a trial, 40 pediatric patients (16 children aged 2 years to younger than 12 years and 24 adolescents aged 12 years to 18 years) with various cancers, including unapproved usages, were administered KEYTRUDA 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks. Patients received KEYTRUDA for a median of 3 doses (range 117 doses), with 34 patients (85%) receiving 2 doses or more. The safety profile in these pediatric patients was similar to that seen in adults; adverse reactions that occurred at a higher rate (15% difference) in these patients when compared to adults under 65 years of age were fatigue (45%), vomiting (38%), abdominal pain (28%), increased transaminases (28%), and hyponatremia (18%).

Mercks Focus on CancerOur goal is to translate breakthrough science into innovative oncology medicines to help people with cancer worldwide. At Merck, the potential to bring new hope to people with cancer drives our purpose and supporting accessibility to our cancer medicines is our commitment. As part of our focus on cancer, Merck is committed to exploring the potential of immuno-oncology with one of the largest development programs in the industry across more than 30 tumor types. We also continue to strengthen our portfolio through strategic acquisitions and are prioritizing the development of several promising oncology candidates with the potential to improve the treatment of advanced cancers. For more information about our oncology clinical trials, visit http://www.merck.com/clinicaltrials.

About MerckFor more than a century, Merck, a leading global biopharmaceutical company known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, has been inventing for life, bringing forward medicines and vaccines for many of the worlds most challenging diseases. Through our prescription medicines, vaccines, biologic therapies and animal health products, we work with customers and operate in more than 140 countries to deliver innovative health solutions. We also demonstrate our commitment to increasing access to health care through far-reaching policies, programs and partnerships. Today, Merck continues to be at the forefront of research to advance the prevention and treatment of diseases that threaten people and communities around the world - including cancer, cardio-metabolic diseases, emerging animal diseases, Alzheimers disease and infectious diseases including HIV and Ebola. For more information, visit http://www.merck.com and connect with us on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and LinkedIn.

Forward-Looking Statement of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, N.J., USAThis news release of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, N.J., USA (the company) includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of the companys management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. There can be no guarantees with respect to pipeline products that the products will receive the necessary regulatory approvals or that they will prove to be commercially successful. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements.

Risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to, general industry conditions and competition; general economic factors, including interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations; the impact of pharmaceutical industry regulation and health care legislation in the United States and internationally; global trends toward health care cost containment; technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in new product development, including obtaining regulatory approval; the companys ability to accurately predict future market conditions; manufacturing difficulties or delays; financial instability of international economies and sovereign risk; dependence on the effectiveness of the companys patents and other protections for innovative products; and the exposure to litigation, including patent litigation, and/or regulatory actions.

The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Additional factors that could cause results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found in the companys 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K and the companys other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) available at the SECs Internet site (www.sec.gov).

Please see Prescribing Information for KEYTRUDA at http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/k/keytruda/keytruda_pi.pdf andMedication Guide for KEYTRUDA at http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/k/keytruda/keytruda_mg.pdf.

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Merck Receives Positive EU CHMP Opinion for Two New Regimens of KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) as First-Line Treatment for Metastatic or Unresectable...

Grant will support researchers from Kings College London and Kings College Hospital to test a personalised treatment approach for Aplastic Anaemia patients who have not responded to available therapies

21 October 2019 - LifeArc, a UK-based medical research charity, and the Aplastic Anaemia Trust (AAT) have jointly awarded a 1.15m research grant to Kings College London and Kings College Hospital to investigate the potential of a novel type of personalised cellular therapy to reverse the ultra-rare condition aplastic anaemia (AA). The results of this research could give new hope to people living with a severe, life-limiting form of this condition.

The grant will fund a clinical trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of using a patients own T-reg cells to restore the blood-making function of the bone marrow. This follows laboratory-based research from the team of scientists where T-reg cells from a patients own blood were collected, selected for activity and multiplied. In a test tube, these cells prevented the immune system from attacking the patients bone marrow stem cells.[i]

Professor Ghulam Mufti, Department of Haematological Medicine at Kings College London and Kings College Hospital, and lead study investigator said: For patients with this ultra-rare disease, were looking for the first time at a personalised medicine approach where their own immune cells could be used to alter their disease. In AA there is a reduction in the number of T-regs and most of the ones that the AA patients do have are non-functional. Weve seen success in the laboratory by selecting and bolstering the number of functional T-reg cells. Now, with funding from LifeArc and the AAT, we can investigate the potential of this approach in treating AA patients who currently have very limited treatment options.

AA is an ultra-rare life-threatening illness caused by the bone marrow failing to make enough of all three types of blood cellsred blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Only around 100150 people in UK are diagnosed per year, affecting all ages but most commonly people between the ages of 10 to 20 years old and those over the age of 60 years.

People with the illness are at greater risk of infections, bleeding, and can experience extreme fatigue, which leaves them unable to carry out simple daily tasks that most people take for granted. Around one in three patients with severe AA fail to respond to existing drug treatments and the other option a bone marrow transplant is reliant on finding a suitable donor, requires life-long treatment with immunosuppression therapy and is unsuccessful in one in three people.

Dr Catriona Crombie, LifeArcs Head of Philanthropic Fund explained why the charity had approved the funding: LifeArc set up the Philanthropic fund to support translational research into rare diseases, where there is less interest from commercial organisations. Patients with AA can have limited treatment options; this opportunity with Kings College London, Kings College Hospital and the AAT has the potential to transform the lives of patients living with a severe form of the disease.

The trial at Kings College London and Kings College Hospital will run for a duration of three years and aims to recruit nine patients. A blood sample of the patients T-reg cells will be extracted, purified and grown in the lab before being given back to the patient in a higher concentration. As patients with AA are more susceptible to infection, this personalised treatment approach is more likely to avoid the risk of severe infection and inflammation.

Grazina Berry, CEO of the AAT said: AA can severely impact a persons quality of life. Through AATs close work with Kings College London and Kings College Hospital as a specialist centre of clinical care and research in AA, we identified the project with the most potential to directly benefit patients who are currently at a loss for solutions. We are delighted to have partnered with LifeArc and Kings College London and Kings College Hospital to progress this ground-breaking work, which could potentially enable people living with severe AA to once again lead a normal life.

[i] Kordasti S, Costantini B, Seidl T, Perez-Abellan P, Llordella MM, McLornan D, Diggins KE, Kulasekararaj A, Benfatto C, Feng X, Smith A, Mian SA, Melchiotti R, de Rinadis E, Heck S, Ellis R, Petrov N, Povoleri GAM, Chung SS, Thomas NSB, FarzanehF, Irish JM, Young NS, Marsh JCW, Mufti GJ. Deep-phenotyping of Tregs identifies an immune signature for idiopathic aplastic anemia and predicts response to treatment. Blood. 2016 Sep 1;128(9):1193-20

About Aplastic Anaemia:

Aplastic Anaemia (AA) is a rare andlife-threatening illnesscaused by the bone marrow failing to make enough of all three types of blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.It is estimated that between 100 and 150 people will be diagnosed in UK alone every year. That is around 2 people for every 1,000,000 of population, making AA a very rare disease. In most cases of AA, the immune system attacks the bone marrow, thinking it is faulty. This makesthebone marrow function slow down, leading to the under-production ofall types ofblood cells.

The most common symptoms of AA are anaemia - caused by a lack of red blood cells - with the associated feeling of fatigue, shortness of breath, headaches and, occasionally, chest pains, and increased risk of infections caused by low white blood cells. Low platelets cause people to bleed easily. Being more susceptible to severe and life-threatening infection and bleeding complications makes AA a highly dangerous disease. Patients will visit hospital regularly to receive blood transfusions and treatments for infection; many will be admitted to hospital for weeks at a time while they receive treatment, and those who recover must take a lot of time regaining their strength, avoiding places where they could easily pick up infections.

There are currently two standard first-line treatments for AA:immune-suppressive therapy (IST), which uses medicines (antithymocyteglobulin (ATG) and ciclosporin) to dampen down abnormal immune responses, or bone marrowstem cell transplantation, the only known curative AA treatment to date, but suitable onlyfor a proportion of patients. A bone marrow transplant is an intense procedure that requires an immunological matched donor and may require lifelong immunosuppression therapy, which can lead to further debilitating side effects. Both bone marrow transplants and the combination of ATG and ciclosporin work in only around 2 in 3 of AA patients.

About the Aplastic Anaemia Trust

The Aplastic Anaemia Trust is the only charity in the UK dedicated to research into aplastic anaemia and alliedrare bone marrow failures and supportingeveryone affected nationally. We have builtproductive working partnershipswith major research and treatment centres of excellence in England, providing us with direct access to world-class experts, state-of-the-art labs and excellent patient care.Access to this medical and scientific expertise puts us in a strong position to identify areas of need, raisefunds for research, and engage with the expertcommunity in the UK and internationally. Our vision isa world free from aplastic anaemia and alliedrare bone marrow failures. Our mission is to enable vital research into the causes of aplastic anaemia and other rare bone marrow failures that ultimately leads to finding a cure, and to support everyone affected by them, so they can lead healthy and fulfilling lives.

Our strategic objectives are

Find out more about our work on http://www.theaat.org.uk

About LifeArc

LifeArc is a self-funded medical research charity. Our mission is to advance translation of early science into health care treatments or diagnostics that can be taken through to full development and made available to patients. We have been doing this for more than 25 years and our work has resulted in a diagnostic for antibiotic resistance and four licensed medicines.

Our success allows us to explore new approaches to stimulate and fund translation. We have our own drug discovery and diagnostics development facilities, supported by experts in technology transfer and intellectual property who also provide services to other organisations. Our model is built on collaboration, and we partner with a broad range of groups including medical research charities, research organisations, industry and academic scientists. We are motivated by patient need and scientific opportunity.

Two funds help us to invest in external projects for the benefit of patients: our Philanthropic Fund provides grants to support medical research projects focused on the translation of rare diseases research and our Seed Fund is aimed at start-up companies focussed on developing new therapeutics and biological modalities.

Find out more about our work on http://www.lifearc.org or follow us on LinkedIn or Twitter.

Kings College London

King's College Londonis one of the top 10 UK universities in the world (QS World University Rankings, 2018/19) and among the oldest in England. Kings has more than 31,000 students (including more than 12,800 postgraduates) from some 150 countries worldwide, and some 8,500 staff.

King's has an outstanding reputation for world-class teaching and cutting-edge research. In the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF), eighty-four per cent of research at Kings was deemed world-leading or internationally excellent (3* and 4*).

Since our foundation, Kings students and staff have dedicated themselves in the service of society. Kings will continue to focus on world-leading education, research and service, and will have an increasingly proactive role to play in a more interconnected, complex world.Visit our websiteto find out more about Vision 2029, Kings strategic vision for the next 12 years to 2029, which will be the 200th anniversary of the founding of the university. World-changing ideas. Life-changing impact:https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/headlines.aspx

About Kings College HospitalKings College Hospital is a leading national and international centre for the diagnosis and treatment of blood cancers.

The hospital is home to the largest bone marrow transplant programme in the UK and performs more than 160 transplants a year. Kings College Hospital is also an international centre for research into and the treatment of myeloid leukaemias, lymphomas and myeloma, and have the first immune gene therapy programme for leukaemia approved by the Gene Therapy Advisory Committee (GTAC). It is the first hospital in the UK to treat adult lymphoma patients with CAR T therapy, and it has an active CAR programme in lymphoma, leukaemia and myeloma. It is also a centre of excellence for myelodysplasia and expertise in matched and unrelated transplants for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

The haemato-oncology service:

For more information about the haematology service at Kings College Hospital visit https://www.kch.nhs.uk/service/a-z/haemato-oncology

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Patients with ultra-rare bone marrow disease set to benefit from 1.15m grant from LifeArc and The Aplastic Anaemia Trust - PharmiWeb.com

Amy Seder, Co-Founder of Away Lands What is your business?Away Lands is a film and photography production company I founded with my now-fianc. We focus on travel and lifestyle imagery on a wide variety of scales from working with brands, hotels, and tourism boards directly with just the two us, to large full-production commercials. What was it like to go full time with your own business?We made the decision that we were going to change our lives very quickly and surprisingly easily. Brandon and I were living in New York, he worked in finance and I worked in commercial photo productions, and at first we just decided that we wanted to leave and travel full time and really give something unique a try before we settled down into marriage and children. We knew that it would take everything we had, so we set aside a year and a half to plan, build, and save as much as we could before taking off. During that time we got our first couple of film jobs and realized what we were really doing was starting a business. When the time finally came to quit our jobs and leave our apartment, and our whole lives in New York, it was both terrifying and exhilarating!

How long did it take you to turn a profit?We started turning a profit about 7-9 months into working for ourselves full-time, which I know is incredibly lucky! It was easier to be net-positive because we cut our expenses so drastically; we didnt have a car, or our own place to live for the first year, and were able to work enough that our food and travel expenses would be often covered, even if we werent getting paid ourselves. It was after about a year and a half that we felt financially comfortable enough to buy a car and get our own apartment.

What was the hiring process like for your employee?We decided that it was time to hire an assistant about a year ago, when our workload just started to become too overwhelming. We realized the only way to stay on top of it all while continuing to grow would be to outsource and delegate some tasks, and bring in another person to help handle the endless to-do lists. I had had assistants and interns at prior jobs, but never on my own. We came up with a comprehensive list of all of the tasks we wanted an assistant to handle, posted the listing to a few job search sites, and read through hundreds of resumes that came in. We ended up doing phone interviews with about 8-10 candidates, meeting three in person, and ultimately hiring one. As our business covers a lot of different aspects, we looked at a number of people with difference specialties some with more of an art and photography background, some with more of a graphic design and web background, and the assistant we decided to hire had more of a professional business background.

What is a common misconception about small business owners?In our business particular, there are a lot of misconceptions about what we do and who we are. Since a part of my business is social media focused, there are constant opinions about every aspect of influencer culture and endless assumptions about how we never work, dont have a real job, etc. In travel, there can be a glamorous air to being in a different country every couple of weeks and staying in fancy hotels, and I am extremely grateful for the experiences weve had and being able to do this work, but the reality of our job is that we are not vacationing. We are often up before dawn shooting, never stopping, and staying up half the night processing the work and prepping. I love what I do and truly feel like I made up my own dream job, but I really never stop working.

What advice would you give to someone who wants to start their own business?I have stayed in contact with my first boss from my very first "grown-up job" when I was 21, and when we were starting out she told us to, expect to wait 6 months for every payment, and make sure to hire a good lawyer. Both of which have been very true!

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8 Small Business Owners On What Its Really Like To Start Your Own Company - Yahoo Lifestyle

Women with an aggressive, less-common type of breast cancer, known as triple-negative, versus a more common form of the disease could be differentiated from each other by a panel of 17 small RNA molecules that are directly influenced by genetic alterations typically found in cancer cells.

Researchers led by Luciane Cavalli, PhD, at Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and colleagues found that variations in how these small RNA, known as microRNA (miRNA), are expressed, at higher or lower levels, could partially explain disparate rates of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in Latina women compared to non-Hispanic white women and potentially lead to more effective treatment options.

That is the finding of a new study that was published October 22, 2019, inOncotarget.

Due to the variability in expression of miRNA by race or ethnicity, we determined that it was critical to characterize the genomic lineage (or ancestral background) of women with TNBC, said Cavalli, an adjunct professor of medicine at Georgetown University School of Medicine and a faculty member at Instituto de Pesquisa Pel Pequeno Prncipe in Brazil. While our focus was on genetics, we remain aware that non-genetic factors, such as social-economic conditions, can significantly impact the incidence rates of TNBC and other subtypes of breast cancer.

Statisticians estimate that TNBC occurs in up to one-third of women in Latin American countries, a rate that is higher than in the United States. The researchers in this study focused on Brazil, in particular, where an estimated 60,000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in 2018.

The scientists discovered that women with TNBC had specific alterations in copies of their genes that directly influenced the expression of 17 miRNAs compared to women with other forms of breast cancer who did not have these alterations. They also found that the expression levels of the majority of these miRNAs were associated with the tumors clinical aggressiveness (advanced grade and stage).

The panel of miRNAs we identified indicate potential, critical cancer-related pathways and gene networks that could be targeted for the treatment of TNBC in Latinas, once our findings are validated by larger studies, concluded Cavalli. Targeting these genetic alterations, that represent the unique biology of their tumors, may lead to more efficient treatments, which could increase the longevity of Latina women who do not have many therapeutic options to fight this very aggressive disease.

Reference:Sugita BM, Pereira SR, et al. (2019) Integrated copy number and miRNA expression analysis in triple negative breast cancer of Latin American patients. Oncotarget. No. 58. Oct. 22, 2019.

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.

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Triple-negative Breast Cancer Influenced by Dual Action of Genes and RNA - Technology Networks

Are you always deep in thought, thinking nonstop about the world around you? You might want to cut back on that. Researchers at Harvard Medical School just published a study in the journal Nature comparing the brains of people who had died in their 60s and 70s to those who had died over the age of 100.

They found that all roads lead to REST (RE-1 Silencing Transcription), that is, a protein that helps to calm your brain. This protein is enormously important to our brain health: Defects in REST have been linked to Huntington's disease and epileptic seizures, and it's also found in reduced amounts in elderly people with Alzheimer's disease.

REST has been found to quiet brain activity, and it can also protect those with dementia and other stresses.

It is currently not possible to measure REST in a living brain, so scientists relied on donated brain tissue from hundreds of people who died from ages 60 to over 100.

Study author Bruce Yankner, professor of genetics at Harvard, found that the differences in brains were immediately compelling: The longest-living people had lower expression of genes related to neural excitation. REST regulates these genes, and the centenarians' brain cells contained higher amounts of the protein than those who died younger.

It was extremely exciting to see how all these different lines of evidence converged, says study co-author Monica Colaicovo, also a professor of genetics at Harvard.

Socrates would likely disagree with the notion that too much deep thinking can lead to an earlier death. (Photo: DIMSFIKAS [CC by SA 3.0]/Wikimedia Commons)

While the brain's neural activity has long been explored in issues like dementia and epilepsy, this is the first evidence to reveal how it affects human longevity.

An intriguing aspect of our findings is that something as transient as the activity state of neural circuits could have such far-ranging consequences for physiology and life span, says Yankner.

Besides looking at hundreds of human brain tissue samples, the Harvard team also experimented with worms and mice by decreasing and increasing their mental activity. All of these experiments found that changing neural excitations affected life spans and creatures without the precious protein REST in their brain died at a faster rate.

It's still unclear how a person's exact thoughts, feelings or behavior can affect their longevity. Numerous studies have linked optimism to a longer life, and suggested a positive outlook can even affect your body's chemical balance.

Perhaps most striking about the study is that it contradicts many long-held popular beliefs about our brains and aging. Doctors have stressed that keeping your mind active, whether it's with brain-training games or a daily crossword puzzle, can also help you live longer. But this study's findings suggest that not all thoughts are equal.

The completely shocking and puzzling thing about this new paper is brain activity is what you think of as keeping you cognitively normal. Theres the idea that you want to keep your brain active in later life, neuroscientist Michael McConnell told The Washington Post.

The researchers hope this study will encourage more research on neural overactivity and what types of therapeutic interventions are possible. But until then, just to be safe, it's probably best not to think too hard about it.

Thinking deep thoughts has impact on life span

A recent Harvard study finds that neural activity is a new player when it comes to human aging.

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Thinking deep thoughts has impact on life span - Mother Nature Network

Its no secret that Texans like tequila. In fact, its a point of pride. Between patio margaritas, rooftop palomas and late-night shots, we consumed a little more than 18 million liters of the agave-based spirit in 2018. That accounts for a respectable one-ninth of the entire countrys consumption, according to data from IWSR Drinks Market Analysis.

Of course, like all things delicious and from the earth, sustainable agricultural practices are key to ensuring that its still around for us to enjoy long term.

The future of agave depends upon genetic diversity, says Grover Sanschagrin, the Jalisco, Mexico-based co-founder of tastetequila.com and the Tequila Matchmaker app. Right now, the entire industry is using blue agave with the exact same genetic code, because they are harvesting the hijuelos, baby plants that are clones of the mother.

The clones are an efficient means to an end. If allowed to flower and sexually reproduce on their own a process that often takes as long as 12 years agave plants wont have enough juice left to distill. To combat this dilemma, growers clone the agaves, ensuring theyre able to harvest the plants when perfectly ripe, usually between six and eight years of age. But, while efficient, the practice is inherently risky. If one gets a disease, it could wipe out all of the plants, Sanschagrin says.

Its a risk that some tequila producers are hoping to mitigate. And the steps they choose to take now will affect tequilas availability and quality in the future.

One brand at the forefront of progressive sustainability practices is El Tesoro, which is made at the La Altea Distillery located in the Jalisco highlands, about 6,000 feet above sea level. Led by master distiller Carlos Camarena, El Tesoro does things the old way the hard way. Agaves are grown entirely on the familys estate, hand-harvested after seven to eight years, slow-cooked in brick ovens and then crushed with a 2-ton stone called a tahona.

But even a brand steeped in tradition knows that it must look toward the future to ensure its success. Thats why Camarena is part of the Bat Friendly Tequila and Mezcal Project, which promotes biodiversity among agave plants. Today, El Tesoro allows between 2% and 5% of its plants to reach full maturity and bloom. For tequila producers, setting aside even a small percentage of the crop represents a substantial financial hit, as those plants cant be harvested, distilled and monetized.

Its good news for the bats, though. They are natural pollinators of agave plants, feeding on the nectar of mature plants and cross-pollinating from field to field. Its a symbiotic relationship. Formerly endangered species like the lesser long-nosed bat have more food to eat now, and their pollinating efforts promote biodiversity among the agaves.

Its too soon to know exactly how successful the project will be in the long run. Many scientists believed that, after so many years of cloning, it would be impossible for the blue agaves to reproduce sexually. But the results have already defied expectations. Camarenas team has been nurturing seedlings in a greenhouse, and roughly 5% have yielded sprouts, potentially representing a new genetic wave of agaves.

Camarena is playing the long game. Maybe well see results in 80 or 100 years, he says, but this isnt something were doing for our own lifetime.

While El Tesoro is one of the innovators leading the sustainability charge, its not alone. Ubiquitous giant Patrn commissioned a study at the National Center of Genetic Resources, Mexicos biodiversity bank in Jalisco, to analyze blue agaves genetics in hopes of establishing future recommendations for the industry that will promote long-term sustainability. And even smaller producers such as Ghost are playing a part.

People in the industry tend to look at agave sustainability as an issue that should be addressed by the large tequila companies, says Chris Moran, founder and CEO of Ghost Tequila. I dont agree at all. This is a matter of importance that every tequila producer needs to take seriously, to share in the responsibility to ensure the longevity of this crop.

He notes that they control their own agave fields, which allows them to institute responsible agronomy practices, such as planting alternate crops after agave harvests to allow the soil to regenerate.

But its not just the distillers who have a say in the matter. Bars, restaurants and retail shops can make an impact via the products they choose to carry.

According to Chris Dempsey, a bartender at Atwater Alley and the mezcal- and tequila-focused La Viuda Negra, its important for bars to consider how spirits are made when deciding what to stock and pour. He notes that his bars wont carry any products made with a diffuser, a machine that significantly shortens the harvest-to-bottle timeline and strips out a lot of the agaves character. He prefers to support the people who put in the time and effort to produce the best possible products, noting a few favorite brands, including Siembra Valles, Tequila Ocho and El Tesoro.

Camarena has been instrumental in sustainability and biodiversity, Dempsey says. He is the leader to watch when talking about and practicing sustainability with agave and Mexican spirits.

Spirits right now have the ability more than ever to be responsible, not just in production, but socially, says Jose Gonzalez, a bartender at Midnight Rambler inside the Joule hotel. It says a lot for a company when they put their money and their plants on the line.

He adds that Camarena is a guardian of agave plants, not just an owner, and that mindset impacts everything from the distillerys light environmental footprint to the quality of the product.

People should care about what they put in their bodies as well as who it affects, like the producers and farmers, Gonzalez says. As much as we go to the farmers market to grab local produce, we should know who grows the agave.

Dempsey also urges consumers to fight the good fight.

Think about it, he says. You want to work out and eat all this amazing organic food, but then you go and drink some subpar spirits just because of marketing and a low price. That defeats the purpose of being healthy. If you really want to help the cause, dont drink diffuser tequila, and help support any sustainable agave program.

According to Sanschagrin, at todays market prices, each 1-liter bottle of traditionally-made 100% agave tequila contains about $10.70 worth of agave inside. So, while we consumers dont have a hands-on impact on the plants growing in Mexico, we can exert our influence with how we choose to spend our hard-earned tequila money.

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The future of tequila: How clones, bats and biodiversity will help agave survive - The Dallas Morning News

It's been 17 years since Cleveland Clinic hosted its first Medical Innovation Summit. As the 2019 version of conference officially launches Monday morning, its organizers say this year's gathering reflects the changing landscape of healthcare innovationnot only in terms of topics, such as sessions exploring AI, augmented reality, and virtual realitybut also in terms of who's standing at the dais and who's attending.

Through Wednesday, entrepreneurs from startup companies, investors, and payers will join the venerated researchers and practitioners who once were the primary focus of the Summit. Also present: key players from companies outside the traditional healthcare sector, including Amazon Web Services, CVS, Google, and Microsoft.

"While the technology is interesting, the bigger story is the die is not cast in terms of who will disrupt healthcare," saysWilliam Morris, MD, executive medical director, Cleveland Clinic Innovations. "Healthcare disruption will come from all angles. That's the power of this Innovation Summit."

For example, late Monday Eric Lefkofsky, co-founder and chairman of Groupon will present a keynote address. Four years ago, after Lefkofsky's wife was diagnosed with cancer, he founded Tempus to leverage data analytics, genomics, and artificial intelligence to provide precision medicine to patients.

"Health issues touch all of us," says Morris, adding that today people and companies outside of traditional spheres of influence have been empowered to innovate and take action. "It's an interesting theme because it challenges the status quo."

On Tuesday, Morris says, Craig Mundie, senior advisor to the CEO of Microsoft, who is former chief research and strategy officer for the company, will discuss the role of technology in transforming the healthcare delivery industry.

"Again, it's very personal story, talking about the promises of new technologies and how they can actually benefit all patients," says Morris. "I think there's an interesting thread for an audience member to ask, 'Who are these people? How are they navigating this?' It's so diverse. A tremendous takeaway is that it is incumbent on us all to reimagine healthcare."

In the past the Summit focused on specific disease states and medical devices, says Susan Bernat, general manager of strategic marketing, Cleveland Clinic Innovations.

"We realized that we were truly missing something as healthcare is evolving," Bernat says. Cleveland Clinic treats each of its patients as a whole person, not just a disease, she says. The conference needed to reflect that dynamic, which led to this year's theme, "Caring for Every Life Through Innovation."

"Now it's a more well-rounded conversation," Bernat says.

Morris says that those involved in healthcare innovation bring optimism to the U.S. healthcare industry.

"There's an esprit de corps in our DNA that we will solve [the challenges]," he says. "I don't think there'll be one simple eureka moment. It's going to be a lot of work, a lot of collaboration. But the great news is, there is such passion to do better. The focus has moved beyond innovating for the sake of innovating and to challenge traditional status quo of how healthcare is being rendered."

Some highlights from Summit include:

The 2019 Cleveland Clinic Medical Innovation Summit takes place October 2123 at the Huntington Convention Center of Cleveland in downtown Cleveland. The Summit is organized by Cleveland Clinic Innovations, the business development and commercialization arm of Cleveland Clinic.

Mandy Roth is the innovations editor at HealthLeaders.

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Outsiders Are In: The Cleveland Clinic Innovation Summit Evolves - HealthLeaders Media