StemCell Therapy

Have you heard? A revolution has seized the scientific community. Within only a few years, research labs worldwide have adopted a new technology that facilitates making specific changes in the DNA of humans, other animals, and plants. Compared to previous techniques for modifying DNA, this new approach is much faster and easier. This technology is referred to as CRISPR, and it has changed not only the way basic research is conducted, but also the way we can now think about treating diseases [1,2].

CRISPR is an acronym for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat. This name refers to the unique organization of short, partially palindromic repeated DNA sequences found in the genomes of bacteria and other microorganisms. While seemingly innocuous, CRISPR sequences are a crucial component of the immune systems [3] of these simple life forms. The immune system is responsible for protecting an organisms health and well-being. Just like us, bacterial cells can be invaded by viruses, which are small, infectious agents. If a viral infection threatens a bacterial cell, the CRISPR immune system can thwart the attack by destroying the genome of the invading virus [4]. The genome of the virus includes genetic material that is necessary for the virus to continue replicating. Thus, by destroying the viral genome, the CRISPR immune system protects bacteria from ongoing viral infection.

Figure 1 ~ The steps of CRISPR-mediated immunity. CRISPRs are regions in the bacterial genome that help defend against invading viruses. These regions are composed of short DNA repeats (black diamonds) and spacers (colored boxes). When a previously unseen virus infects a bacterium, a new spacer derived from the virus is incorporated amongst existing spacers. The CRISPR sequence is transcribed and processed to generate short CRISPR RNA molecules. The CRISPR RNA associates with and guides bacterial molecular machinery to a matching target sequence in the invading virus. The molecular machinery cuts up and destroys the invading viral genome. Figure adapted from Molecular Cell 54, April 24, 2014 [5].

Interspersed between the short DNA repeats of bacterial CRISPRs are similarly short variable sequences called spacers (FIGURE 1). These spacers are derived from DNA of viruses that have previously attacked the host bacterium [3]. Hence, spacers serve as a genetic memory of previous infections. If another infection by the same virus should occur, the CRISPR defense system will cut up any viral DNA sequence matching the spacer sequence and thus protect the bacterium from viral attack. If a previously unseen virus attacks, a new spacer is made and added to the chain of spacers and repeats.

The CRISPR immune system works to protect bacteria from repeated viral attack via three basic steps [5]:

Step 1) Adaptation DNA from an invading virus is processed into short segments that are inserted into the CRISPR sequence as new spacers.

Step 2) Production of CRISPR RNA CRISPR repeats and spacers in the bacterial DNA undergo transcription, the process of copying DNA into RNA (ribonucleic acid). Unlike the double-chain helix structure of DNA, the resulting RNA is a single-chain molecule. This RNA chain is cut into short pieces called CRISPR RNAs.

Step 3) Targeting CRISPR RNAs guide bacterial molecular machinery to destroy the viral material. Because CRISPR RNA sequences are copied from the viral DNA sequences acquired during adaptation, they are exact matches to the viral genome and thus serve as excellent guides.

The specificity of CRISPR-based immunity in recognizing and destroying invading viruses is not just useful for bacteria. Creative applications of this primitive yet elegant defense system have emerged in disciplines as diverse as industry, basic research, and medicine.

In Industry

The inherent functions of the CRISPR system are advantageous for industrial processes that utilize bacterial cultures. CRISPR-based immunity can be employed to make these cultures more resistant to viral attack, which would otherwise impede productivity. In fact, the original discovery of CRISPR immunity came from researchers at Danisco, a company in the food production industry [2,3]. Danisco scientists were studying a bacterium called Streptococcus thermophilus, which is used to make yogurts and cheeses. Certain viruses can infect this bacterium and damage the quality or quantity of the food. It was discovered that CRISPR sequences equipped S. thermophilus with immunity against such viral attack. Expanding beyond S. thermophilus to other useful bacteria, manufacturers can apply the same principles to improve culture sustainability and lifespan.

In the Lab

Beyond applications encompassing bacterial immune defenses, scientists have learned how to harness CRISPR technology in the lab [6] to make precise changes in the genes of organisms as diverse as fruit flies, fish, mice, plants and even human cells. Genes are defined by their specific sequences, which provide instructions on how to build and maintain an organisms cells. A change in the sequence of even one gene can significantly affect the biology of the cell and in turn may affect the health of an organism. CRISPR techniques allow scientists to modify specific genes while sparing all others, thus clarifying the association between a given gene and its consequence to the organism.

Rather than relying on bacteria to generate CRISPR RNAs, scientists first design and synthesize short RNA molecules that match a specific DNA sequencefor example, in a human cell. Then, like in the targeting step of the bacterial system, this guide RNA shuttles molecular machinery to the intended DNA target. Once localized to the DNA region of interest, the molecular machinery can silence a gene or even change the sequence of a gene (Figure 2)! This type of gene editing can be likened to editing a sentence with a word processor to delete words or correct spelling mistakes. One important application of such technology is to facilitate making animal models with precise genetic changes to study the progress and treatment of human diseases.

Figure 2 ~ Gene silencing and editing with CRISPR. Guide RNA designed to match the DNA region of interest directs molecular machinery to cut both strands of the targeted DNA. During gene silencing, the cell attempts to repair the broken DNA, but often does so with errors that disrupt the geneeffectively silencing it. For gene editing, a repair template with a specified change in sequence is added to the cell and incorporated into the DNA during the repair process. The targeted DNA is now altered to carry this new sequence.

In Medicine

With early successes in the lab, many are looking toward medical applications of CRISPR technology. One application is for the treatment of genetic diseases. The first evidence that CRISPR can be used to correct a mutant gene and reverse disease symptoms in a living animal was published earlier this year [7]. By replacing the mutant form of a gene with its correct sequence in adult mice, researchers demonstrated a cure for a rare liver disorder that could be achieved with a single treatment. In addition to treating heritable diseases, CRISPR can be used in the realm of infectious diseases, possibly providing a way to make more specific antibiotics that target only disease-causing bacterial strains while sparing beneficial bacteria [8]. A recent SITN Waves article discusses how this technique was also used to make white blood cells resistant to HIV infection [9].

Of course, any new technology takes some time to understand and perfect. It will be important to verify that a particular guide RNA is specific for its target gene, so that the CRISPR system does not mistakenly attack other genes. It will also be important to find a way to deliver CRISPR therapies into the body before they can become widely used in medicine. Although a lot remains to be discovered, there is no doubt that CRISPR has become a valuable tool in research. In fact, there is enough excitement in the field to warrant the launch of several Biotech start-ups that hope to use CRISPR-inspired technology to treat human diseases [8].

Ekaterina Pak is a Ph.D. student in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences program at Harvard Medical School.

1. Palca, J. A CRISPR way to fix faulty genes. (26 June 2014) NPR < http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/06/26/325213397/a-crispr-way-to-fix-faulty-genes> [29 June 2014]

2. Pennisi, E. The CRISPR Craze. (2013) Science, 341 (6148): 833-836.

3. Barrangou, R., Fremaux, C., Deveau, H., Richards, M., Boyaval, P., Moineau, S., Romero, D.A., and Horvath, P. (2007). CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes. Science 315, 17091712.

4. Brouns, S.J., Jore, M.M., Lundgren, M., Westra, E.R., Slijkhuis, R.J., Snijders, A.P., Dickman, M.J., Makarova, K.S., Koonin, E.V., and van der Oost, J. (2008). Small CRISPR RNAs guide antiviral defense in prokaryotes. Science 321, 960964.

5. Barrangou, R. and Marraffini, L. CRISPR-Cas Systems: Prokaryotes Upgrade to Adaptive Immunity (2014). Molecular Cell 54, 234-244.

6. Jinkek, M. et al. A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. (2012) 337(6096):816-21.

7. CRISPR reverses disease symptoms in living animals for first time. (31 March 2014). Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News. <http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/crispr-reverses-disease-symptoms-in-living-animals-for-first-time/81249682/> [27 July 2014]

8. Pollack, A. A powerful new way to edit DNA. (3 March 2014). NYTimes < http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/04/health/a-powerful-new-way-to-edit-dna.html?_r=0> [16 July 2014]

9. Gene editing technique allows for HIV resistance? <http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/waves/2014/gene-editing-technique-allows-for-hiv-resistance/> [13 June 2014]

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CRISPR: A game-changing genetic engineering technique ...

The Biomedical Genetics Section is a cross-disciplinary team of clinicians, biostatisticians, genetic epidemiologists, molecular geneticists, and bioinformaticists working together to discover the links between complex human disease and genes.

The Biomedical Genetics faculty is presently directing projects involving multiple academic centers and private industry to identify genes for several complex diseases including age-related macular degeneration and Alzheimer disease. The Section is also actively involved in research projects in substance abuse, sickle cell disease, membranous nephropathy, mental illness, longevity, and the Framingham Heart Study. Cancer genetics, Epigenetics and developmental genetics are a major focus of our research labs.

As a part of the educational component of our programs mission, Biomedical Genetics offers a variety of opportunities for training leading to a Ph.D. in a genetics specialty including genetic epidemiology and molecular genetics. Our faculty teaches a variety of graduate level courses in medical genetics, genetics & genomics, genetic epidemiology, and addiction science on the Medical Campus.

For biomedical researchers both on campus and off, our programs Molecular Genetics Core Lab provides services for DNA and RNA extraction, sequencing, genotyping and cell line cultures.

Medical Genetics in the Post Genome Era

Recent advances in information technology, statistical genetic methodology, molecular genetics and bioinformatics, aided by funding for the human genome project, have heralded discoveries about the pathogenesis of many rare genetic conditions such as cystic fibrosis, Huntington disease, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. These technologies have also furthered our understanding of common disorders including breast cancer, Alzheimer disease, and atherosclerosis through studies of families segregating classically inherited forms of these disorders. However, the genetic basis of common diseases is still enigmatic. The reasons for this include phenotypic and genetic diversity, and complex (and poorly understood) interactions between genes and the environment. These issues are addressable by studying very large and well characterized populations for a wide array of genetic and other risk factors. Successful performance of such studies requires skills and experience integrated from multiple disciplines including genetic epidemiology, biostatistics, molecular genetics, systems biology and information technology. The Biomedical Genetics Section brings together specialists in all of these areas who, through individual as well as highly collaborative research programs, are working to find genes modulating risk and expression of diseases and other human traits. These genes are potential diagnostic/predictive markers and therapeutic targets.

Biomedical Genetics Today

Presently, the Biomedical Genetics Section constitutes the largest concentration of human genetics research at either the Medical School or Charles River Campus at Boston University and is among the best funded and regarded in the country. Indeed, the increased awareness and need to understand the relationship between the approximately 26,000 human genes and susceptibility to disorders of public health concern (including infectious disease) is expressed in the current panoply of projects, spanning a rang of research from molecules to populations. Our research is funded by the National Institutes of Health, Veterans Administration, private industry and non-profit foundations, and includes the following areas:

We attract graduate students from a wide array of Masters and Ph.D programs throughout Boston University (e.g., molecular medicine, bioinformatics, epidemiology, genetics & genomics) to pursue dissertation research in our laboratories. Postdoctoral fellows find many opportunities for expanding technical skills and apprenticing for exciting careers in academic medicine and private industry. After you have browsed a bit, please feel free to contact any of the members of the faculty or trainees to get the inside story about our research and training programs or about our Information Technology capabilities and Molecular Genetics Core Laboratory services. We look forward to sharing out enthusiasm about our Section.

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Clinical research regarding stem cell therapy benefits has grown dramatically in recent decades. The most promising thing about stem cell therapy and similar prolotherapy treatments including PRP is that they offer relief for patients with chronic pain and difficult-to-heal injuries, all without medications or risky reconstructive surgeries. Today researchers are also uncovering ways to apply stem cell treatments for common chronic conditions such as heart disease,neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes.

The most common use of stem cell treatments in prolotherapy is managing pain. Most consider stem cell therapy to be a form of interventional pain-management, meaning its a minimally invasive technique. Treatment involves injecting stem cells (along with an anesthetic and sometimes other substances) around painful and damaged nerves, tendons, joints or muscle tissue.

What specific types of conditions can stem cell therapy help treat? Some of the most common include osteoarthritis knee pain, tennis elbow, shoulder pains or rotator cuff injuries, tendonitis, Achilles tendon injuries and now cardiovascular diseases likeatherosclerosis.

There are now more options available to patients than ever before for various types of prolotherapy treatments, but the type of prolotherapyI recommend the most is the unique approach to stem cell therapy offered by the Regenexxclinic. I have personally visited the Regenexx clinic in the Cayman Islands to receive treatments performed by Dr. Chris Centeno, Dr. John Schultz and Dr. John Pitt for back and tendon injuries. The form of stem cell therapy offered by these doctors is considered to be one of themost thoroughly researched and effective in the world.

Stem cell therapy is a type of treatment option that uses a patients own stem cells to help repair damaged tissue and repair injuries. Its usually performed relatively quickly through injections, and is a simple outpatient or in office procedure.

This type of treatment has also been found to help:

According to the National Institute of Health,

Stem cells are important for living organisms for many reasons. In the 3- to 5-day-old embryo, called a blastocyst, the inner cells give rise to the entire body of the organism, including all of the many specialized cell types and organs such as the heart, lungs, skin, sperm, eggs and other tissues. In some adult tissues, such as bone marrow, muscle, and brain, discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacements for other cells that are lost through normal wear and tear, injury, or disease.

The California Stem Cell Agency reports that there is no limit to the types of diseases that could be treated with stem cell research. Because of their amazing abilities to help with regrowth, stem cell therapy treatments are now being used (or continuously researched) in regards to treating:

Stem cells are usually taken from one of two areas in the patients body: bone marrow or adipose (fat) tissue in their upper thigh/abdomen. Because its common to remove stem cells from areas of stored body fat, some refer to stem cell therapy as Adipose Stem Cell Therapy in some cases. (1)

Once stem cells from removed from one of these locations, they are placed in a centrifuge machine that spins them very, very quickly and concentrates the substances that are most valuable (including up to seven different types of natural growth factors). The sample of concentrated stem cells is then injected directly into the patients affected, painful area allowing the cells growth factors to go to work immediately, building new skin cells, connective tissue and so on.

What exactly makes stem cells so beneficial and gives stem cell injections the power to do this healing? Stem cells have the following unique characteristics, uses and healing abilities:

The type of stem cells being used in the most cutting-edge orthopedic practices including those offered at the Regenexx clinic mentioned above are called Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A growing body of research shows that MSCs have the capability of differentiating and forming new orthopedic tissues that make up muscle, bones, cartilage and tendons, ligaments and adipose tissue. (3)

Research suggests that in treating orthopedic problems,fat-derived MSCs tend to under-perform bone marrow derived stem cells, therefore bone derived is the preferred method. (4) This is especially true when bone marrow cells are dramatically concentrated using advanced centrifuge equipment. Certain studies have found that these advanced samples can contain up to 25 different growth factors and other beneficial rebuilding substances.

In studies regarding orthopedic care such as those used for cartilage replacement,bone repairand soft-tissue repair bone marrow stem cells injections have been found to: reduce chronic pain, heal stubborn injuries, improve functionality and return patients to their normal routine sometimes within just one week.

Wondering if MSCs for orthopedic injuries are safe? There is no evidence of overgrowth of MSCs in damaged tissue or reason to believe theres risk for tumor growth. Advanced clinics such as Regenexx actually count cells before injecting them and carefully monitor progress. According to research used by Regenexx, MSCs safely stop proliferating once they physically contact each other, because this signals to them that the affected area has reached its full potential in growth. (5)

Cardiovascular diseases can deprive heart tissue of oxygen and cause scar tissue to form which changes blood flow/blood pressure. Research suggests that stem cells taken from adult bone marrow have the ability to differentiate into those needed to repair the heart and blood vessels, thanks to the secretion of multiple growth factors. Several ways in which stem cell therapy is now being used and further researched in regards to improving recovery of heart disease are:

Although more research is needed to assess the safety and efficacy of this approach, stem cell types used in heart disease treatment include: embryonic stem (ES) cells, cardiac stem cells,myoblasts (muscle stem cells), adult bone marrow-derived cells, umbilical cord blood cells, mesenchymal cells (bone marrow-derived cells) and endothelial progenitor cells (these form the interior lining of blood vessels).

Studies have found that stem cell treatments can help improve the growth of healthy new skin tissue, improve collagen production, stimulate hair growth after loss or incisions, and help replace scar tissue with newly formed healthy tissue.

One of the ways stem cells help facilitate wound healing is by increasingcollagen concentrations in the skin, which shrinks as it matures and thereby strengthens and tightens the damaged area. This same mechanism also applies to treating connective tissue injuries related to collagen/cartilage loss, such as those caused by osteoarthritis or overuses that affect ligaments or tendons.

Recent progress in the treatment of diseases like Parkinsons, Huntingtons, Alzheimers and stroke recovery show that transplanted adult stem cells can be used to form new brain cells, neurons and synapses following cognitive degeneration or brain injuries. (6) Research conducted by the Research Center for Stem Cell Biology and Cell Therapy in Sweden is still underway, but current findings show that stem cells can improve synaptic circuits, optimize functional recovery, offer relief from degeneration symptoms, slow down disease progression and potentially even more.

Some of the ways that stem cell injections/grafts work in neurodegeneration treatment are: normalizing striatal dopamine release, impairing akensia (loss of voluntary movement), replacing neurons destroyed by the ischemic lesions following strokes and halting destruction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.

Immune rejection is the term used to describe damage to healthy tissue and cells in patients with autoimmune disorders and other inflammatory conditions. In people who suffer from type1 diabetes, for example, the cells of the pancreas that normally produce insulin are destroyed by the patients own immune system; in people with thyroid disorders, the thyroid gland is attacked and damaged.

Research continues to show us that certain adult stem cells are capable of differentiating and producing needed cells, such as insulin-producing cells that eventually could be used in with people diabetes. This strategy is still being researched extensively and is not yet widely available, as scientists continue to experiment with reliable strategies for generating new cells/tissues that will not be rejected or harm the patient once implanted.

Meanwhile, a promising clinical trial led by Dr. Richard Burt of Northwestern University that explores the potential benefits of stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis is underway as of March 2018. The 110 patients participating either received a drug treatment or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).The clinical trial looks promising given that after one year of treatment only one relapse occurred among patients in the stem cell group compared with 39 relapses in the drug treatment. And, after about three years, the stem cell transplants had a 6 percent failure rate compared with a failure rate of 60 percent in the control (drug treatment) group.

The researchers note that stem cell therapy doesnt work for all cases of MS and its not an easy process. First patients must undergo chemotherapy to destroy their faulty immune system. Then stem cells that help make blood through a process called hematopoiesis are removed from the patients bone marrow and reinfused into the patients bloodstream. These fresh stem cells, which are not affected by MS, rebuild the patients immune system. Despite this challenging process, preliminary results demonstrate that this could be an effective treatment in the future. (7, 8)

For decades researchers and doctors primarily used two kinds of stem cells taken from animals and humans, especially when they were still embryos (not yet born). These are calledembryonic stem cells and non-embryonic (somatic or adult) stem cells. In the late 1990s, it was discovered that stem cells could be taken from human embryos and grown inside of laboratoriesfor reproductive purposes, including for in vitro fertilization.

Then in 2006 a breakthrough discovery was made that some specialized adult stem cells could be reprogrammed and used in many other ways to help repair damaged tissue. These are referred to as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and are the type used in many of the treatments described above.There remains a lot to learn about the potential uses of stem cell therapies, and how scientists can continue to explore transforming unspecialized adult stem cells into the types of specialized cells needed.

The NIH reports that in future years some of the primary goals of stem cell therapy research are to: identify howundifferentiated stem cells become the differentiated cells that form the tissues and organs, determine how stem cells can turn humangenes on and off, learn to predictably control cell proliferation and differentiation, and investigate more uses for stem cells in serious medical conditions such as cancerand birth defects.

The hope going forward is that stem cells can also be used as a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues to treat common and serious diseases without the need for organ transplants or surgeries, including: maculardegeneration, spinal cord injury, stroke, burns, heart disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer.

Cancer treatment is a particular important area under investigation, as early studies are showing that stem cells are safe and well-tolerated in patients with acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma and other cancers. (9)

Stem cell treatments are offered by various doctors who practice pain-management and other techniques, including orthopedics and anesthesiologists.Depending on the type of treatment needed, its also possible to visit a neurologist, cardiologist, etc.Commonly these treatments are offered at clinics with ateam of doctors who work together to specialize in diagnosing, preventing and/or correcting a range of musculoskeletal, neurological or connective tissue disorders/injuries.

If youre planning on visiting a doctor for pain management, look for a physician who has board certification through an organization like the American Board of Anesthesiology orAmerican Board of Pain Medicine. I recommend viewing this Physician Finder tool to locate a practitioner who performs the advanced type of stem cell applications described above.

Personally, I most suggest checking out Regenexx, one of the only organizations to run large-scale analysis of patient stem cell procedure outcome data. It has published numerous findings from tracking their own patients on their website. Much more detailed information on improvements that can be expected following PRP procedures including those for knee meniscus, arthritis, hip dysfunction, knee pain, wrist/hand injuries, ankle/foot pain and shoulder/rotator injuries can be accessed through Regenexx directly.

Once you find a qualified physician, heres a brief overview of what you can expect from stem cell therapy treatments:

Although stem cell treatment is considered to be very safe, there are also side effects that are possible. Make sure to find a qualified practitioner and let them know if your experience following a treatment does not sound like the typical one described above.Like other types of non-invasive treatments and prolotherapy techniques, some mild side effects after injections are normal. Side effects of stem cell treatments can sometimes include:

From the sound of it, you might think leaky gut only affects the digestive system,but in reality it can affect more. Because Leaky Gut is so common, and such an enigma,Im offering a free webinar on all things leaky gut.Click here to learn more about the webinar.

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5 Stem Cell Therapy Benefits, Uses & How It Works - Dr. Axe

NewVision Clinics provide expert ophthalmologist services in Melbourne, making it convenient for everyone to consult an eye specialist. We pride ourselves on using the latest technology, combined with the most modern procedures, ensuring the highest standards of vision correction for all of our clients.

NewVision Clinics is a full service ophthalmological provider. We specialise inlaser eye surgery and support bothLASIKand Advanced PRK techniques using the process of Lasersight. Our principal Professor Noel Alpins is recognised around the globe as a leading authority in corrective laser eye surgery with a special interest in astigmatism, you can rest assured you have chosen a professional clinic that is leading the way in Australia.

Throughout our website you will find many useful resources, each designed to help you understand the process. We make sure our patients fully understand what is involved with the procedure required by providing professional advice in a relaxed environment. Being informed about all major medical decisions is important, so when you need support from experienced optometrists and ophthalmologists in Melbourne, were more than happy to help.

If you feel your vision is deteriorating, you want to reduce the need for glasses or contact lenses, or have any concerns regarding your eyesight, contact us today. We provide a no-cost, no-obligation assessment, tailoring the best solution to your individual requirements

Talk to one of our helpful and friendly staff today and discover more about our full range of services. We can book you in for assessment with our team and put you on the road to better eye sight. Call us on1800 20 20 20and we will be happy to discuss your situation and book a consultation that suits your schedule.

If you require the services of an experienced, renowned Ophthalmologist, look no further than the team at NewVision Clinics and invest in your eyes. NewVision Clinics provide expert ophthalmologist services in Melbourne, making it convenient for everyone to consult an eye specialist. We pride ourselves on using the latest technology, combined with the most modern procedures, ensuring the highest standards of vision correction for all of our clients.

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HIGHLIGHTS & BENEFITS

Keynote Sessions on Nano medicine

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Theme:Exchange of Technological Advances in the field of Nanomedicine & Technology

EuroSciCon Ltd is back with its 3rdEdition ofNanomedicine&Technology 2019and this time it focusesaroundthe advancements in the strategies and researches that are going ahead in the field ofNanoscience.

TheNanomedicine 2019aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspects ofNanomedicine. It also provides the premier interdisciplinary forum for researchers, practitionersandeducators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns, practical challenges encountered, and the solutions adopted in the field ofDrug Delivery.

Whats New?

NanomedicineandTechnology 2019includes international attendee workshops, lecturesandsymposia, including a designated registration area, a refreshment break and gala lunch.Nanomedicineeducators can join the EuroSciCon as an international member to receive discounts on registration. The core aim ofNanomedicine andTechnology 2019conference is to provide an opportunity for the delegates to meet, interact and exchange new ideas in the various areas ofNanoscience. We invite students to attend the conference and gain more knowledge about nanoscience and technology from eminent researchers of the world. So, come and join leading experts and allied professionals from April 11-12, 2019 in Paris, Franceto discuss the ways to develop better technologies that will aid in the development of Nanomedicine andTechnology.

WhatisNanomedicine And Technology?

Nanomedicineis a branch of medicine (ranges from 10-100nm) that applies the knowledge and tools of nanotechnology to the prevention and treatment of disease. It also involves the use of nanoscale materials such as biocompatiblenanoparticlesandnanorobots, for diagnosis, drug delivery, sensing or actuation purposes in a living organism.

There is a strong market for Nanomedicine andTechnologyin Europe. Itseeks to deliver a valuable set of research tools and clinically useful devices in the near future. The NationalNanotechnologyInitiative expects new commercial applications in thepharmaceutical industry that may include advanceddrug delivery systems, new therapies, and in vivo imagingNanomedicinesresearch is receiving funding from the US National Institutes of Health Common Fund program, supporting fourNanomedicinesdevelopment centers.

Nanomedicinessales reached$16billionin2015, with a minimum of$3.8 billioninnanotechnologyR&D being invested every year. Global funding for emerging nanotechnology increased by 45% per year in recent years, with product sales exceeding$1 trillionin2013. As the Nanomedicines industry continues to grow, it is expected to have a significantimpact on the economy.

Technology is the branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometres, especially the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.

The globalmedicine market is projected to reach USD 1,669.40 Billion by 2021 from USD 1,179.20 Billion in2016, at a CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period. This market is segmented based on the route of administration, facility of use, and region. Theglobal nano medicinemarket was valued at US$ 41,062.5 Mn in 2014 and is projected to reach US$ 118,527.2 Mn by 2023, expanding at a CAGR of 12.5% from 2015 to2023.

Whytoattend our conference

This event will provide an opportunity to build and expand your network with various people and gives chance to make collaboration with other universities and research labs. It also helps you to meet the experts in the relevant field of study. It givesthe accessto novel instruments in the market. This conference plays a major role in your business development and maximizes the profit.

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About Paris, France

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of 105 square kilometers. It is located in northern central France with a western European Oceanic climate. Since the 17thcentury, Paris has been one of Europes major centers of finance, commerce, fashion, science, musicandpainting. It is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks. The citys top tourist attractions are Notre Dame Cathedral, Louvre Museum, Eiffel Tower, Arc de Triomphe..As its leading role duringAgeof Enlightenment, it is often also referred to asThe City Of Light.

Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery:

Medication conveyance characterizes as thebestapproach to take pharmaceutical from the diverse course oforganizationshow in a human body and in addition creature. At the point when the medication is gone intohumanor creature body begins to demonstrate some helpful impact, which mends our body, experience the ill effects of particularinfection or sick. Medication willbegingo frompharmacokineticsframework which containadsorption, digestion, disseminationanddischargeand after that goes into the circulatory framework, where theparticularmedicationreachto particular receptors and tie with the receptors, which begin recuperate tobody. Medication conveyance has done fromvariouscourse, e.g.; oral course, intravenous course, intramuscular course, transdermal patches, intraocular course, intra-peritoneal,suppositories, and so on.

Drug Design and Drug Development:

Medication Design, regularly specific to as prudentpharmaceuticallayout or just sensible arrangement, is that the imaginative system for finding new drugs maintained the data of a natural sciences target. The medication is mostgenerallyrelate degree regular little particle that establishes or frustrates the perform ofa biomoleculeslike amacromolecules, thatcontinuouslyends up in a supportive advantage to the patient. Inside the unassuming sense, calm diagram incorporates the organizing of particles that are reverse in casing and charge to the biosub-nuclear concentrationwith that they move and along these lines can attach to that. Solution blueprint of times anyway not fundamentally depends upon convenient workstation showing systems. This sort ofshowingis routinely observed as PC supportedmedicationoutline

Synthesis and Characterisation of Nanomaterials:

The objective of any engineered technique for preparation ofnanoparticlesis to fabricate nanomaterials which have the unique properties for applications that are a result of their characteristic length scale being in the nanometer run (1 100 nm). Likewise, the manufactured strategy should show control of size in this range with the goal that one or the other property can be attained. There are two general strategies for synthesis of nanomaterials and the fabrication of nanostructures: Bottom Up and Top Down.

Bottom upapproach refers to the build-up of a material from the bottom: start with atoms or molecules and build up tonanostructures. The starting material is either gaseous state or liquid state of matter for bottom up method.

Top downapproach refers to cutting of a bulk material to get nano sized particle: begin with a pattern generated on a larger scale, then reduced tonanoscale. The starting material is in solid state for top down method.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics:

Pharmacodynamicsis the importance that medications have on the fundamental part; while pharmacokinetics is the investigation of the manner by which drugs travel through the body amid assimilation, conveyance, digestionanddischarge.Pharmacokineticsimpacts choices over the course oforganization. For medications to create their belongings they should interface with the body. This can result in a few practices and relies upon the properties of themedication,and will be talked about later in this section.Pharmacokineticsimpacts choices over the course oforganization. The procedures that happen after medicationadministratorcan be divided down into four particular zones (known as ADME).

Nanomedicine in Pre-Clinical Research:

Preclinical advancement wrapsthe activities that association quietexposurein the lab tobeginningof humanclinical trials.Preclinical examinationscan be planned to recognize a lead confident from a couple of hits; develop the best strategy for new medicine scale-up;select thebest detailing; choose the course, repeat, and traverse of presentation; and finally help the proposed clinical trial design. Concurrentpreclinical advancement practicesjoin developing a clinical course of action and setting up the newprescription thing, including related documentation to meet stringent FDA Great Assembling Practices and managerial standards

Advanced NanomaterialsandNanoparticles

Nanomaterialsare described as materials with no short of what one outside estimation in the size degree from around 1-100 nanometers.Nanoparticlesare things with every one of the three outside estimations at the nano-scale. Built nanoparticles are deliberately delivered and arranged with specific properties related to shape, estimate, surface properties and science. These properties are reflected in fog concentrates, colloids, or powders. Routinely, the direct of nanomaterials may depend more on surface district than atom plan itself. The control of organization, size, shape, and morphology ofnanomaterialsandnanoparticlesis a basic establishment for the improvement and use of Nano scale gadgets in everywhere throughout the world.

Nanoparticlescan be built with unmistakable pieces, sizes, shapes, and surface sciences to empower novel procedures in an extensive variety of natural applications. The one of a kind property of nanoparticles and their conduct in organic milieu likewise empower energizing and integrative ways to deal with concentrate essential natural inquiries.

Nano devicesandNano sensors:

TheNanodevicesandNanostructureshave presented a super trade of humankind with its Nano lifestyle machines. Nano scale materials are an extensively characterized set of substances that have no less than one basic measurement under 100 nanometers and have one of a kind electrical, magnetic, or optical properties. Ultrafine particulate matter is an outstanding case ofnanoscale particlesfound in the earth.Nanodeviceswill finally have a huge impact on our capacity to enhance food production, improve human health, energy conversion and control pollution.

Nano sensorsconvey data about nanoparticles. Numerous logical achievements in Nanotechnology has been contributed byNano sensors. Diverse kinds of sensors are developed fromnanomaterialsto distinguish a scope of substance vapors, to detect microbes or infections, to recognize single atoms to help pharmaceutical organizations in the generation of medications.

Nanomedicine in Drug Delivery Research :

Medication conveyance depicts the technique and way to deal with conveying medications orpharmaceuticalsand different xenobiotic to their site of activity inside a living being, with the objective of accomplishing a restorative result. Issues of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are vital contemplations for sedate conveyance. Outlining and creating novel medication conveyance frameworks, with an emphasis on their application to sickness conditions. Preclinical and clinical information identified with medicate conveyance frameworks.Medication Deliveryand Translational Research is a diary distributed by CRS, giving a one of a kind gathering tologicalproduction oftop notchinquire about that is solely centered around Drug Development and translational parts of medication conveyance.Medicationappropriation, pharmacokinetics, freedom, withtranquilizeconveyance frameworks when contrasted with customary dosing to exhibit helpful results. Here and now andlong haulbiocompatibility of medication conveyance frameworks, havereaction. Biomaterials with development factors for immaturemicroorganism separationin regenerative solution and tissue designing.Gadgetsfor sedate conveyance and medication/gadget blend items.

Novel Drug Delivery Systems:

TheNovel Drug Delivery Systemsare the technique by which a medication is conveyed can significantly affect itsadequacy. A few medications have an ideal focus go inside which greatest advantage is inferred, and fixations above or beneath this range can be poisonous or create no Local Drug Delivery Systems advantage by any means. Then again, the moderate advance in the adequacy of the treatment of extremeinfections,has proposed a developing requirement for a multidisciplinary way to deal with the conveyance of therapeutics to focuses in tissues. From this, new thoughts on controlling the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, non-particular danger, immunogenicity, bio acknowledgment, and viability of medications were produced. These newtechniques,regularly called medicate conveyance frameworks(DDS),depend oninterdisciplinarymethodologiesthat join polymer science, pharmaceutics,bio conjugatescience, and sub-atomic science. Then again, this reference examinesprogressesin the plan, enhancement, and adjustment of quality conveyance frameworks for the treatment oftumour, cardiovascular, aspiratory, hereditary, andirresistible maladies, and considers evaluation and audit methodology engaged with the advancement of quality based pharmaceuticals.

Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery:

Orchestrating nanoparticlesfor pharmaceutical purposes, for example, tranquilize arrangement should be possible in two strategies.Baseprocess, for example, pyrolysis, inactive gas build-up, solvothermal response, sol-gel creation and organized media in whichhydrophobiccompound, for example,liposomesare utilized as bases to mount themedication.Topdownprocess, for example, whittling down/processing in which themedicationis etched down to frame a nanoparticle.

Nanorobotics:

Ananoroboticsis a machine that can build and manipulate things precisely at an atomic level. Nanorobotics is the innovation of making machines or robots at or near the tiny size of a nanometre.Nanorobotswould regularly be gadgets running in measure from 0.1-10 micrometers. The fundamental component utilized will be carbon as precious stone/fullerene nanocomposites in view of the quality and compound idleness of these structures. The other indispensable utilization of Nanotechnology in connection to medicinal research and diagnostics arenanorobots.Nanorobots, working in the human body, could screen levels of various mixes and record the data in their interior memory.

Nanobiotechnology:

The termNanobiotechnologyrefers to the combination ofnanotechnologyandbiology. The concepts that are enhanced throughnanobiologyinclude: Nanoparticle, Nano device and Nano scale phenomena that occurs within the discipline ofnanotechnology. This approach to biology allows scientists to imagine and create systems that can be used for biological research. Revolutionary opportunities and future scope ofnanobiotechnologyare gaining its utmost importance in nano life sciences.

Applications in pharmaceuticals and molecular diagnostics, include drug delivery, drug discovery and drug development.Nanobiotechnologyhas extending the limits of detection to single molecules by refining the current molecular diagnostics. Nanoparticles play a vital role in the delivery of biological treatments, which include gene therapy, RNA interference, cell therapy, vaccines, and antisense therapeutics. The most promising application ofnanobiotechnologyis for the development of customized drugs. The combination of diagnostics with therapeutics, refinement of molecular diagnostics, and targeted drug delivery play important roles in this application. At last, the safety issues of nanoparticles are discussed including measures to address these. The prospects ofnanobiotechnologyare incredible.

Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery Heart Diseases:

Nanoparticlesthat are both manufacturedHDLand containaMRIdiverse operator(press oxide). The scientists are presently directing creature concentrates to decide how well the counterfeit HDL (high thickness lipoprotein) treatsbloodvessel plaque.Nanoparticlethat can convey medications to tablet on the mass of a conduit. They append a protein called a peptide to a nanoparticle, which at that point ties with thesurfaceof the plaque.

Future of Nanotechnology:

Certain highlights ofnanotechnologyhave been observed that are probably going to be important in determining its impact in the future. All the more essentially, reacting to the test ofnanotechnologywill require going up against "philosophical" inquiries regarding the kind of society we wish to make and the part that innovation may play in making it.Nanotechnologyis rapidly picking up traction over a scope of industries, from energy storage to agriculture to water treatment. Today,nanotechnologyis a standout amongst innovative, cutting-edge areas of scientific study and it keeps on progressing at amazing rates. From researchers at technology-centered companies and institutions to students pursuing a nanotechnology degree, pioneers innanotechnologyare making the latest breakthroughs in the field.

Biopharmaceutics and Biologic Drugs:

Biopharmaceuticsis defined as the study of factors that influencing rate and amount of drug which reaches the systemic circulation and use of this information to optimize the therapeutic efficacy of the drug products. The process of movement of drug from site of administration to systemic circulation is called asabsorption. The concentration of drug in plasma, onset of action, intensity and duration of response depend upon thebioavailability of drug from its dosage form. Bioavailability is defined as the rate and extent (amount) of drug absorption which indicates active effect.

Personalized Nanomedicine:

Personalized medicineaims to individualize chemotherapeutic interventions on the basis of ex vivo and in vivo information on patient- and disease-specific characteristics. By noninvasively visualizing how well image-guided nanomedicines-that is, submicrometer-sized drug delivery systems containing both drugs and imaging agents within a single formulation, and designed to more specifically deliver drug molecules to pathologic sites-accumulate at the target site, patients likely to respond to nanomedicine-based therapeutic interventions may be preselected. In addition, by longitudinally monitoring how well patients respond to nanomedicine-based therapeutic interventions, drug doses and treatment protocols can be individualized and optimized during follow-up. Furthermore,noninvasive imaginginformation on the accumulation ofnanomedicine formulationsin potentially endangered healthy tissues may be used to exclude patients from further treatment. Consequently, combining noninvasive imaging withtumor-targeted drug deliveryseems to hold significant potential for personalizing nanomedicine-based chemotherapeutic interventions, to achieve delivery of the right drug to the right location in the right patient at the right time.

Design of Nanodrugs:

To date, variousnanodrug systemshave been developed for different routes of administration, which include dendrimers,nanocrystals, emulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles. Nanodrug systems have been employed to improve the efficacy, safety, physicochemical properties, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of pharmaceutical substances. In particular, functionalized nanodrug systems can offer enhancedbioavailabilityof orally taken drugs, prolonged half-life of injected drugs (by reducing immunogenicity), andtargeted deliveryto specific tissues. Thus,nanodrug systemsmight lower the frequency of administration while providing maximized pharmacological effects and minimized systemic side effects, possibly leading to better therapeutic compliance and clinical outcomes. In spite of these attractive pharmacokinetic advantages, recent attention has been drawn to the toxic potential of nanodrugs since they often exhibit in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and genotoxicity.

Recent Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery:

Medication conveyance frameworks advertise is extending quickly. The same number of newMedicationrequires novel and inventive medication conveyance procedures. Theadvancementofsuchmedicationconveyance frameworks can enhance existing medications' helpful viability, easing their reactions, and decreasing the cost. Being advantageous from the fast advance of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials amid a decades ago, numerouspropelledtranquilize conveyance frameworks have been made conceivable.

Smart Drug Delivery Technology:

With SmartDrugDelivery Technology the extraordinary advances of biomedical nanotechnology amidthe previouscouple of decades, ordinary medication conveyance frameworks (DDSs) have been includedintobrilliant DDSs with jolts responsive qualities. To improve their helpful impacts and diminish the related reactions, dynamic medication particles ought to specifically collect in the ailment territory for a delayed period with high controllability. Medication conveyance alludes to the methodologies, details, innovations, and frameworks for transporting therapeutics in the body as expected to securely and effectively accomplish their coveted restorative impacts.Traditionalmedication conveyance frameworks(DDSs)are regularly joined by fundamental symptoms that for the most part owing to their nonspecific bio-appropriation and wildmedicationdischarge qualities. To beat these restrictions, progressed controlled DDSs have been created to accomplish the arrival of payloads at the objective destinations in aspatialcontrolled way. In contrast with the regular DDSs, the brilliant controlled DDSs can adequately lessen the dose recurrence, while keeping up the medication focus in focused organs/tissues for a more drawn out timeframe. In this sense, the controlled DDSs give wide bits of knowledge and interesting properties for diminishing medication focus variance, decreasing medication toxicities and enhancingremedial viability.

Nano Geo Science:

The learning of nanoscale insights accompanied with geological systems isNanogeoscience. Predominantly, this is interviewed by considering environmental nanoparticles size from 1 to 100 nanometers. The NanoGeoSciences team works closely with X-ray physical sciences in theNano-Science Center. Nanoscience is alarmed with inspecting material properties that alter as physical measurement approach the atomic scale and quantum properties become essential. The physical and chemical possessions of the Earth and several other terrestrial planets are subjected on the atomic to a nanoscale structure of their constituent rocks, minerals and fluids. Nanogeoscience encompasses the incorporation of microscopy, spectroscopy, and theoretical modelling comprised of experimental and fieldwork learning on the bulk manner connected with nanoscale mechanisms. Electron microscopy and allied spectroscopy approaches have been key techniques in this field for decades.

Green Nanotechnology:

Green nanotechnology alludes to the utilization of nanotechnology to improve the ecological supportability of procedures creating negative externalities. It additionally alludes to the utilization of the results of nanotechnology to improve maintainability. It incorporates making green nano-items and utilizing nano-items in the help of supportability.Green nanotechnologyhas been depicted as the advancement of clean innovations, "to limit potential ecological and human wellbeing dangers related with the fabricating and utilization of nanotechnology items and to empower supplanting of existing items with new nano items that are all the more naturally cordial all through their lifecycle.

Quantum Dots and Nanomagnetism:

Quantum Dots and Magnetic Nanoparticles have bunches of uses in explanatory strategies.Quantum Dotsare semiconductor nanoparticles whose electronic vitality levels are impressively controlled by the molecule measurements. This control occurs because of quantum repression. QDs are helpful as an investigative device because of its extraordinary optical properties. These optical properties comprise of restricted outflow spectra, wide absorbance spectra, discharge wavelength which is flexible by changing the extent of the molecule, high quantum effectiveness and low photobleaching rates.MNPsare made of magnetite (Fe3O4) or maghemite (Fe2O3). These materials are commonly superparamagnetic in the nanoscale extend. The attractive properties of these nanomaterials enable them to be controlled by attractive fields. the generally low poisonous quality of iron oxides takes into consideration their utilization in vivo applications.

Carbon Nanotechnology:

Carbon nanotube (CNT)is the allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure. These cylindrical carbon molecules have unfamiliar properties, which are valuable for nanotechnology, electronics, optics and other fields of materials science and technology. Owing to the material's exceptional strength and rigidness, nanotubes have been constructed with length-to-diameter ratio of up to 132,000,000:1, significantly larger than for any other material.

In addition, owing to their remarkable thermal conductivity, mechanical, and electrical properties, carbon nanotubes find applications as additives to various structural materials. For instance, nanotubes form a nanoscopic portion of the material(s) in some (primarily carbon fibre) baseball bats, golf clubs, car parts orDamascus steel.

Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology:

Nanotechnology is the science which manages the procedures that happen at a molecular level and of nano-length scale size. The real investigations in the nanotechnology incorporate nanosized particles, their capacity and conduct as for different frameworks. The enormous capacities of nanoparticles have changed the viewpoint and extent of nanotechnology towards improvement into an adjuvant field for the rest of the fields of life sciences. Nanotechnology is the capacity to understand and control materials at the extremely littlest scales, from around 100 nm to the measurements of single molecules; At thisNanoscale, the properties of these nanosized particles differ from the customary medications.

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TREATMENTS

Regenerative revolutionary cord blood stem cell therapies along with PRP therapy that are effective, nonsteroidal, outpatient & repairdamaged tissue.

Repair and regenerate damaged joints, tendons, ligaments and cartilage from sports injuries or arthritis. Back and neck pain, COPD, Kidney/Heart Failure and more!

Your most common questions answered about cord blood regenerative therapies and how they can help you obtain relief, increase function and avoid potentially risky surgery.

Super Bowl Champion Otis Wilson Undergoes Stem Cell Therapy

Chicago Stem Cell Doctor Lawrence Mason Discusses Treatment

NFL Player Tom Waddle Receives Successful Stem Cell Therapy

R3 Chicago Stem Cell Director Answers FAQs

Stem Cell Therapy Has Been Groundbreaking For Pain Relief

Avoid Surgery with Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Therapy and PRP (888) 885-8675!At Regenerative Care Clinics of Illinois

I wanted to avoid joint replacement since my first one resulted in a scary blood clot. Had the procedure 6 months ago - no pain since!*

Theresa M, Phoenix AZ

I had it done on my knee and it worked great.*

David G, Oroville CA

Had stem cells in both knees years ago. Still have not had to have two total knees that I had been told to do since both were bone on bone!*

Gayle F, Cape Coral Florida

I know about these clinics. Know some treated people who could not move without severe pain..they now lead a miraculously beautiful life..amazing stories.*

Gail M, Palm Springs CA

Avoid Surgery with Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Therapy and PRP (888) 885-8675!At Regenerative Care Clinics of Illinois

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Stem Cell Therapy Chicago Illinois, Buffalo Grove ...

What are Stem Cells?

Stem cells are super unique in that they have the ability to go through numerous cycles and cell divisions while maintaining the undifferentiated state. Primarily, stem cells are capable of self-renewal and can transform themselves into other cell types of the same tissue. Their crucial role is to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissue. Stem cells have a limited life expectation due to environmental and intrinsic stress factors. Because their life is endangered by internal and external stresses, stem cells have to be protected and supported to delay preliminary aging. In aged bodies, the number and activity of stem cells in reduced.

Until several years ago, the tart, unappealing breed of the Swiss-grown Uttwiler Sptlauber apples, did not seem to offer anything of value. That was until Swiss scientists discovered the unusual longevity of the stem cells that kept these apples alive months after other apples shriveled and fell off their trees. In the rural region of Switzerland, home of these magical apples, it was discovered that when the unpicked apples or tree bark was punctured, Swiss Apple trees have the ability to heal themselves and last longer than other varieties. What was the secret to these apples prolonged lives?

Proven to Diminish the Signs of Aging

These scientists got to work to find out. What they revealed was that apple stem cells work just like human stem cells, they work to maintain and repair skin tissue. The main difference is that unlike apple stem cells, skin stem cells do not have a long lifespan, and once they begin depleting, the signs of aging start kicking in (in the forms of loose skin, wrinkles, the works). Time to harness these apple stem cells into anti aging skin care! Not so fast. As mentioned, Uttwiler Sptlauber apples are now very rare to the point that the extract can no longer be made in a traditional fashion. The great news is that scientists developed a plant cell culture technology, which involves breeding the apple stem cells in the laboratory.

Human stem cells on the skins epidermis are crucial to replenish the skin cells that are lost due to continual shedding. When epidermal stem cells are depleted, the number of lost or dying skin cells outpaces the production of new cells, threatening the skins health and appearance.

Like humans, plants also have stem cells. Enter the stem cells of the Uttwiler Sptlauber apple tree, whose fruit demonstrates an exceptionally long shelf-life. How can these promising stem cells help our skin?

Studies show that apple stem cells boosts production of human stem cells, protect the cell from stress, and decreases wrinkles. How does it work? The internal fluid of these plant cells contains components that help to protect and maintain human stem cells. Apple stem cells contain metabolites to ensure longevity as the tree is known for the fact that its fruit keep well over long periods of time.

When tested in vitro, the apple stem cell extract was applied to human stem cells from umbilical cords and was found to increase the number of the stem cells in culture. Furthermore, the addition of the ingredient to umbilical cord stem cells appeared to protect the cells from environmental stress such as UV light.

Apple stem cells do not have to be fed through the umbilical cord to benefit our skin! The extract derived from the plant cell culture technology is being harnessed as an active ingredient in anti aging skincare products. When delivered into the skin nanotechnology, the apple stem cells provide more dramatic results in decreasing lines, wrinkles, and environmental damage.

Currently referred to as The Fountain of Youth, intense research has proved that with just a concentration level of 0.1 % of the PhytoCellTec (apple stem cell extract) could proliferate a wealth of human stem cells by an astounding 80%! These wonder cells work super efficiently and are completely safe. Of the numerous benefits of apple stems cells, the most predominant include:

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Apple Stem Cells - The Anti-Aging skin care ingredient ...

The decision to begin a search for a suitable unrelated donor rests entirely with the transplant centre. Our mandate is to coordinate the search and subsequent donation of an unrelated volunteer donor. All volunteer donors must meet a variety of eligibility requirements and undergo a comprehensive health assessment to ensure that the donation process will be safe for them and anyone receiving their stem cells.

Within one business day of receiving the request, the stem cell network forwards a preliminary search report of possible matches to the transplant team. This report lists any potential Canadian and international donors who might be a match to a patient. These potential donors are contacted for further health assessment and to provide DNA samples for additional testing. It is important to remember that each patient not only needs a matched donor, but also a well-informed, committed and healthy donor. On average, it can take up to six months to complete the necessary testing and health assessment screening to confirm the best matched donor.

The search is repeated continuously, so that any newly added donors may be identified. The search process continues until a donor is found and makes a stem cell donation or until the transplant team makes a decision to cancel the search request. Please note that it is not the responsibility of you or your family to find your donor. Your transplant team, working with Canadian Blood Services, is responsible for locating a matched, committed donor for you.

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Register to donate stem cells | Canadian Blood Services

Faithfully Guided Health Center takes an integrative and functional approach to primary care. Our priority is to spend the time necessary to uncover the root cause of your disease process vs. only treating the symptoms. Often times in medicine, practitioners provide symptom-management through medication, but fail to guide the patient to full healing and/or improved overall health and well-being.

Faithfully Guided Health Centers providers first spend time talking with and listening to you. We then perform an in-depth history, physical exam and diagnostic tests as needed. Our strategy is not to compartmentalize the body systems but identify how symptoms may be interrelated. We place a significant focus on gut and brain health as we believe this greatly influences the rest of the body.

Our treatment approach relies heavily on lifestyle medicine. We identify changes that can be made to improve nutrition, movement/exercise, restorative sleep/rest, environmental toxin exposure, and stress management. Along with the support of counselors and health coaches, we empower you to be involved with your own healing. Supplementation, medication, referrals to specialists and other treatment modalities will be recommended when needed.

Faithfully Guided Health Centers primary goal is to provide healing by connecting spirit, mind, and body through a collaborative approach to healthcare.

Helping the community achieve optimal health and abundant life is our vision! By providing faith-based lifestyle healthcare, we desire to be a part of the solution by improving the health outcomes of Marion County, from 46 out 62, and becoming one of the healthiest communities to live in Florida.

Faithfully Guided Health Center proudly offers free and on-going educational sessions for community members, groups and organizations throughout the Ocala, Florida and Marion County area.

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Faithfully Guided Health Center - Integrative Medicine ...

Vision Conditions and Student Life

Vision problems affect nearly 13.5 million children. Rates for vision problems increase as children agea quarter of adolescents 12-17 are reported to have eye problems(1)

"Poor vision in childhood affects performance in school or at work and has a negative influence on the future of the child"(2)

Vision problems have been shown to adversely affect a childs achievement in school.(3) Myopic children have trouble reading blackboard notes or other classroom presentation materials. Hyperopic children will have trouble reading or doing any kind of close work. Additionally, several types of eye disorders can lead to permanent visual impairment if not identified and treated early by an eye doctor.(4) Vision problems can and do adversely affect students ability to function in and enjoy learning. What can teachers do to help children who may be struggling with a vision condition?

The following may be indicative of a child experiencing a vision problem:(5)(6)

If you have a student who is exhibiting these behaviors, it may be due to a vision problem. It is important that you work with the child's parent or guardian to ensure that the child has an eye exam by an eye doctor.

School vision screenings are important and can help to detect eye conditions that are defined as commonly occurring, meaning that they occur in more than 1% of the target population.(7) Early detection of vision problems has a demonstrated impact on quality of life for students,(8) especially in the case of color-blindness, which is often not assessed in any other venue except as necessary for entry into certain occupations.(9) Although traditional school vision screenings have focused on myopia (nearsightedness, or lack of clear distance vision), children need to receive an eye exam by an eye doctor in a clinical setting that can detect issues with distance vision, close vision, color detection, and binocular vision.(10)

There is a lot of evidence demonstrating that the rates of many of these conditions are well above 1% in the population. For example, research has shown that the rates of hyperopia,(11) myopia,(12) astigmatism,(13) amblyopia,(14) and color blindness(15) are all great enough in student populations that they pass the 1% inclusion test for vision screening.

As a first step, it is important to ensure that all students at a school have a basic visual acuity screening which is cost-effective and useful for early detection of possible vision problems. (16)

As of April 2007, 31 states require vision screening in schools, but only Arkansas mandates that children who fail the screening must receive a full eye examination by an eye doctor.(17) While other states suggest vision screening, they have no laws in place that require schools to provide vision screenings. If your school does not have a vision screening program, you should work to implement screenings irrespective of whether or not the state requires it. Implementing vision screenings will help to ensure that student visual issues are identified, thereby helping the students to succeed academically, athletically, and socially. Unite For Sight's North America chapters can assist a school to establish a vision screening program, and all children screened are also educated about the importance of regular eye exams by an eye doctor.

(2) S. Seema, B. Vashisht, K. Meenakshi & G. Manish : Magnitude of Refractive Errors among school children in a rural block of Haryana . The Internet Journal of Epidemiology. 2009 Volume 6 Number 2.

(3) Orfield A. Vision problems of children in poverty in an urban school clinic. Their epidemic numbers impact on learning and approaches to remediation. JOVD. 2001;32:114-141.

(4) Ferebee, Annette. (2004) Childhood Vision: Public Challenges and Opportunities: A Policy Brief. The Center for Health and Health Care in Schools. Accessed 6/26/09 <http://www.healthinschools.org/Health-in-Schools/Health-Services/School-Health-Services/School-Health-Issues/Vision/~/media/Files/PDF/visionfinal.ashx>

(5) US Dept. of Health and Human Services. AHRQ. Put Prevention into Practice: Child Health Guide. Publication No. APPIP 98-006. Current as of January 2003.

(6) Harris P. Learning related visual problems in Baltimore City: A Longterm program. JOVD. 2002;33:75-115.

(7) Timmreck, T. C. (2002). An introduction to epidemiology (3rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett

(8) Pizzarello, L et. al. (1998). A school-based program to provide eyeglasses: Childsight. Journal of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, 2 (6), 372-374.

(9) Issue Brief: School Nursing Services Role in Health Care: School Vision Screening. National Association of Nurses. Accessed 6/26/09 <http://www.nasn.org/Default.aspx?tabid=284>

(11) Bullimore, M.A., & Gilmartin, B. (1997). Hyperopia and presbyopia: Etiology and epidemiology. In N.A. Sher (Ed.), Surgery for hyperopia and presbyopia (pp. 3-10). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

(12) Preslan, M. W. & Novak, A. (1998). Baltimore Vision Screening Project: Phase 2. Ophthalmology, 105, 150-153.

(13) Miller, J. M., et. al. (2001). Comparison of preschool vision screening methods in a population with a very high prevalence of astigmatism [Electronic version]. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 42 (5), 917-924. Retrieved November 14, 2004, from http://www.iovs.org.cgi/.

(14) Ferebee, A. (2004). Childhood vision: Challenge and opportunities: A policy brief. Washington, DC. The Center for Health Care in Schools, George Washington University.

(15) Evans, A. (2003b). Color is in the eye of the beholder. Auburn, CA: CVD Books

(16) Fryer, G. E., Igoe, J. B., & Miyoshi, T. J. (1997). Considering school health screening services as a cost offset: A comparison of existing reimbursements in one state. Journal of School Nursing, 13 (2), 18-21.

(17) Your State and Vision Screening: Whats the Score? The Center for Health and Health Care in Schools. Accessed 6/26/09 < http://www.healthinschools.org/News-Room/EJournals/Volume-8/Number-3/Your-State-and-Vision-Screening.aspx>

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Eye Health for Teachers: The Importance of Vision ...

Please select the ethnicity that matches yours most closely.

African Americans are more likely to suffer from these vision problems:

Cataracts Learn Moreclose (x)

Not only are African Americans more likely than Caucasians to develop cataracts, but they are five times more likely to develop blindness as a result.

Glaucoma Learn Moreclose (x)

African Americans are five times more likely than Caucasians to develop glaucoma, and four times more likely to suffer blindness as a result.

The African American population is also at high risk for these health conditions that can impact vision:

Diabetes Learn Moreclose (x)

African Americans are about twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to have diabetes. Diabetes can lead to diabetic retinopathy and cataracts, and is the leading cause of blindness among African Americans aged 20 to 44. The good news is, 90% of diabetes-related blindness can be prevented, and diabetes can be detected through a comprehensive eye exam.

Hypertension (high blood pressure) Learn Moreclose (x)

African Americans are 40% more likely than non-Hispanic whites to have high blood pressure, and are 10% less likely to have it under control. Its important to take control by seeing an eye care professional, because high blood pressure can lead to hypertensive retinopathy..

Asian Americans are at high risk for a number of eye-related issues.

Glaucoma Learn Moreclose (x)

The Asian American population is more likely than the national average to develop angle-closure glaucoma, which is caused by rapid or sudden increases in pressure inside the eye. Glaucoma is often characterized by the loss of peripheral vision and can progress to complete vision loss without treatment. People of Japanese descent are also more prone to a particular type of the disease, called low-tension glaucoma.

Myopia (nearsightedness) Learn Moreclose (x)

This common, and correctable, vision condition is even more common among Asian Americans.

Asian Americans are also more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, which can impact eye health.

Diabetes Learn Moreclose (x)

This can contribute to diabetic retinopathy, cataracts and glaucoma all of which can lead to blindness without proper treatment. Because Asian Americans are less likely to struggle with weight issues that are commonly a risk factor, doctors are often late in diagnosing Asian Americans as diabetic.

The Caucasian population is at high risk for cataracts.

Cataracts

While cataracts are more common among African Americans and Hispanics, Caucasians are also at risk. Extended exposure to UV rays from the sun is also a risk factor, so protect your eyes outdoors just like you protect your skin.

The Hispanic American population is at high risk for these eye health issues:

Cataracts Learn Moreclose (x)

Three times more common among Hispanics vs. Caucasians and African Americans, cataracts are the leading cause of visual impairment among Hispanic adults. Extended exposure to UV rays from the sun is a risk factor, so protect your eyes outdoors.

Glaucoma Learn Moreclose (x)

Among Hispanics, open-angle glaucoma caused by rising pressure in the eye is the most common cause of blindness.

Hispanic Americans may also be affected by these overall health issues, which can impact eye health:

Diabetes Learn Moreclose (x)

One in 10 Hispanics has diabetes, which is three times the rate of the general population. Diabetes can contribute to diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma all of which can lead to blindness without proper treatment. The good news is, as many as 95% of Hispanics with diabetes have preventable, type 2 diabetes, which can be detected through an eye exam.

Hypertension (high blood pressure) Learn Moreclose (x)

Roughly 29% of Hispanics are affected by high blood pressure. It can lead to hypertensive retinopathy, which causes blurry vision and even blindness. High blood pressure can sometimes be detected through an eye exam.

Those with a varied ethnic background can be at risk for a number of eye and overall health issues, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, which can impact vision.

Your risks increase depending on your lifestyle, gender and age.

Regular, comprehensive eye exams can detect these problems early, and early diagnosis means early treatment and better management of the disease.

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Sight On Savings Calculator - Davis Vision

Genetic engineering is the process to alter the structure and nature of genes in human beings, animals or foods using techniques like molecular cloning and transformation. In other words, it is the process of adding or modifying DNA in an organism to bring about great deal of transformation.

Genetic engineering was thought to be a real problem just a few short years ago. We feared that soon we would be interfering with nature, trying to play God and cheat him out of his chance to decide whether we were blonde or dark haired, whether we had blue or bright green eyes or even how intelligent we were. The queries and concerns that we have regarding such an intriguing part of science are still alive and well, although they are less talked about nowadays than they were those few years ago.

However, this does not mean that they are any less relevant. In fact, they are as relevant today as they ever were. There are a number of very real and very troubling concerns surrounding genetic engineering, although there are also some very real benefits to further genetic engineering and genetic research, too. It seems, therefore, as though genetic engineering is both a blessing and a curse, as though we stand to benefit as well as lose from developing this area of science even further.

With genetic engineering, we will be able to increase the complexity of our DNA, and improve the human race. But it will be a slow process, because one will have to wait about 18 years to see the effect of changes to the genetic code.Stephen Hawking

Although at first the pros of genetic engineering may not be as apparent as the cons, upon further inspection, there are a number of benefits that we can only get if scientists consider to study and advance this particular branch of study. Here are just a few of the benefits:

1. Tackling and Defeating Diseases

Some of the most deadly and difficult diseases in the world, that have so resisted destruction, could be wiped out by the use of genetic engineering. There are a number of genetic mutations that humans can suffer from that will probably never be ended unless we actively intervene and genetically engineer the next generation to withstand these problems.

For instance, Cystic Fibrosis, a progressive and dangerous disease for which there is no known cure, could be completely cured with the help of selective genetic engineering.

2. Getting Rid of All Illnesses in Young and Unborn Children

There are very many problems that we can detect even before children are born. In the womb, doctors can tell whether your baby is going to suffer from sickle cell anemia, for instance, or from Down s syndrome. In fact, the date by which you can have an abortion has been pushed back relatively late just so that people can decide whether or not to abort a baby if it has one or more of these sorts of issues.

However, with genetic engineering, we would no longer have to worry. One of the main benefit of genetic engineering is that it can help cure and diseases and illness in unborn children. All children would be able to be born healthy and strong with no diseases or illnesses present at birth. Genetic engineering can also be used to help people who risk passing on terribly degenerative diseases to their children.

For instance, if you have Huntingtons there is a 50% chance that your children with inherit the disease and, even if they do not, they are likely to be carriers of the disease. You cannot simply stop people from having children if they suffer from a disease like this, therefore genetic engineering can help to ensure that their children live long and healthy lives from either the disease itself or from carrying the disease to pass on to younger generations.

3. Potential to Live Longer

Although humans are already living longer and longer in fact, our lifespan has shot up by a number of years in a very short amount of time because of the advances of modern medical science, genetic engineering could make our time on Earth even longer. There are specific, common illnesses and diseases that can take hold later in life and can end up killing us earlier than necessary.

With genetic engineering, on the other hand, we could reverse some of the most basic reasons for the bodys natural decline on a cellular level, drastically improving both the span of our lives and the quality of life later on. It could also help humans adapt to the growing problems of, for instance, global warming in the world.

If the places we live in become either a lot hotter or colder, we are going to need to adapt, but evolution takes many thousands of years, so genetic engineering can help us adapt quicker and better.

4. Produce New Foods

Genetic engineering is not just good for people. With genetic engineering we can design foods that are better able to withstand harsh temperatures such as the very hot or very cold, for instance and that are packed full of all the right nutrients that humans and animals need to survive. We may also be able to make our foods have a better medicinal value, thus introducing edible vaccines readily available to people all over the world

Perhaps more obvious than the pros of genetic engineering, there are a number of disadvantages to allowing scientists to break down barriers that perhaps are better left untouched. Here are just a few of those disadvantages:

1. Is it Right?

When genetic engineering first became possible, peoples first reactions were to immediately question whether it was right? Many religions believe that genetic engineering, after all, is tantamount to playing God, and expressly forbid that it is performed on their children, for instance.

Besides the religious arguments, however, there are a number of ethic objections. These diseases, after all, exist for a reason and have persisted throughout history for a reason. Whilst we should be fighting against them, we do need at least a few illnesses, otherwise we would soon become overpopulated. In fact, living longer is already causing social problems in the world today, so to artificially extend everybodys time on Earth might cause even more problems further down the line, problems that we cannot possibly predict.

2. May Lead to Genetic Defects

Another real problem with genetic engineering is the question about the safety of making changes at the cellular level. Scientists do not yet know absolutely everything about the way that the human body works (although they do, of course, have a very good idea). How can they possibly understand the ramifications of slight changes made at the smallest level?

What if we manage to wipe out one disease only to introduce something brand new and even more dangerous? Additionally, if scientists genetically engineer babies still in the womb, there is a very real and present danger that this could lead to complications, including miscarriage (early on), premature birth or even stillbirth, all of which are unthinkable.

The success rate of genetic experiments leaves a lot to be desired, after all. The human body is so complicated that scientists have to be able to predict what sort of affects their actions will have, and they simply cannot account for everything that could go wrong.

3. Limits Genetic Diversity

We need diversity in all species of animals. By genetically engineering our species, however, we will be having a detrimental effect on our genetic diversity in the same way as something like cloning would. Gene therapy is available only to the very rich and elite, which means that traits that tend to make people earn less money would eventually die out.

4. Can it Go Too Far?

One pressing question and issue with genetic engineering that has been around for years and years is whether it could end up going too far. There are many thousands of genetic scientists with honest intentions who want to bring an end to the worst diseases and illnesses of the current century and who are trying to do so by using genetic engineering.

However, what is to stop just a handful of people taking the research too far? What if we start demanding designer babies, children whose hair color, eye color, height and intelligence we ourselves dictate? What if we end up engineering the sex of the baby, for instance in China, where is it much more preferable to have a boy? Is that right? Is it fair? The problems with genetic engineering going too far are and ever present worry in a world in which genetic engineering is progressing further and further every day.

Genetic engineering is one of the topic that causes a lot of controversy. Altering the DNA of organisms has certainly raised a few eyebrows. It may work wonders but who knows if playing with the nature is really safe? Making yourself aware of all aspects of genetic engineering can help you to form your own opinion.

A true environmentalist by heart . Founded Conserve Energy Future with the sole motto of providing helpful information related to our rapidly depleting environment. Unless you strongly believe in Elon Musks idea of making Mars as another habitable planet, do remember that there really is no 'Planet B' in this whole universe.

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A portrait of Khan Noonien Singh, a man who was a product of genetic engineering

Genetic engineering, genetic programming or genetic manipulation was a process in which the DNA of an organism was selectively altered through artificial means. Genetic engineering was often used to produce "custom" organisms, such as for agricultural or medical purposes, as well as to produce biogenic weapons. The most common application of genetic engineering on intelligent beings in the Federation was corrective DNA resequencing for genetic disorders. A far more dubious application of genetic engineering was the genetic enhancement of individuals to produce improved senses, strength, intelligence, etc.

During Earth's 20th century, the efforts of ambitious scientists' to produce "superhumans" eventually resulted in the Eugenics Wars. Genetically engineered individuals such as Khan Noonien Singh attempted to seize power. (TOS: "Space Seed")

This would lead to the banning of genetic engineering on Earth by the mid-22nd century, even research which could be used to cure critical illnesses. This ban was implemented because of the general fear of creating more tyrants such as Khan. It was also felt that parents would feel compelled to have their children genetically engineered, especially if "enhanced" individuals were allowed to compete in normal society.

Some, including geneticist Arik Soong, argued that it was simply convenient for Humanity to denounce the attempts at genetic "improvement" of Humanity, that it was inherently evil because of the Eugenics Wars. He argued that the source of the problem, in fact, wasn't the technology, but Humanity's own inability to use it wisely. Imprisoned for, among other crimes, stealing the embryos of a number of Augment children, Soong wrote long treatises on the subject of genetic augmentations and improvements. His works were routinely taken and placed into storage (although his jailers often told him that his work was vaporized). Though Soong himself gave up genetics to begin research in cybernetics, Captain Jonathan Archer expressed his hope to Soong that research into genetic engineering could cure life-threatening diseases would someday be resumed. (ENT: "Borderland", "The Augments")

Symbols used to indicate presence of genetically engineered lifeform

Others, however, chose to establish isolated colonies, as became the case with the Genome colony on Moab IV, which was established in 2168. It became a notable and successful example of Human genetic engineering in which every individual was genetically tailored from birth to perform a specific role in society. However, after a five-day visit by the USS Enterprise-D when the ship came to the colony in an effort to save it from an approaching neutron star which, eventually, the craft was able to effectively redirect twenty-three colonists left the colony aboard the craft, possibly causing significant damage to the structure of their society. The reason for the societal split was that those who left the colony had realized their organized, pre-planned world had certain limitations, lacking opportunities to grow that were offered by the Enterprise. (TNG: "The Masterpiece Society")

By the 24th century, the United Federation of Planets allowed limited use of genetic engineering to correct existing genetically related medical conditions. Persons known to be genetically enhanced, however, were not allowed to serve in Starfleet, and were especially banned from practicing medicine. (TNG: "Genesis", DS9: "Doctor Bashir, I Presume")

Nevertheless, some parents attempted to secretly have their children genetically modified. (DS9: "Doctor Bashir, I Presume") Unfortunately, most of these operations were performed by unqualified physicians, resulting in severe psychological problems in the children due to their enhancements being only partially successful, such as a patient's senses being enhanced while their ability to process the resulting data remained at a Human norm. (DS9: "Statistical Probabilities")

In some cases, genetic engineering can be permitted to be performed in utero when dealing with a developing fetus to correct any potential genetic defects that could handicap the child as they grew up. Chakotay's family history included a defective gene that made those who possessed it prone to hallucinations, the gene afflicting his grandfather in Chakotay's youth, although the gene was suppressed in Chakotay himself. (VOY: "The Fight") In 2377, The Doctor performed prenatal genetic modification on Miral Paris to correct a spinal deviation, a congenital defect that tends to run in Klingon families; Miral's mother and grandmother had undergone surgery to correct the defect at a young age, but the modification meant Miral would not need surgery herself. Unfortunately, learning of this capability, B'Elanna briefly became obsessed with having her child modified to remove all Klingon DNA traits to try and 'protect' her daughter from the discrimination she had experienced as a child, even going so far as to reprogram The Doctor so that he would believe these changes were necessary to prevent later illness, but she was talked out of it by her husband (VOY: "Lineage").

The Founders of the Dominion performed extensive genetic modifications on their two servant races, the Jem'Hadar and the Vorta, in order for them to better serve their roles and to ingrain a fanatical devotion to the Founders. (DS9: "The Abandoned", "Ties of Blood and Water") As a result of these modifications, neither species reproduced in the traditional biological sense. (DS9: "To the Death")

According to Vorta legend, they were originally ape-like creatures who were gifted sentience by the Founders after they helped a changeling escape pursuit. (DS9: "Treachery, Faith and the Great River")

It is unknown whether the Jem'Hadar had any such ancestral species.

The Dominion also genetically engineered biological weapons, such as the blight they unleashed against the people of the Teplan system. (DS9: "The Quickening")

During the 22nd century, the Suliban were no more evolved than Humans. However, a number of Suliban, from a faction known as the Suliban Cabal, became recipients of some very sophisticated genetic engineering thanks to a mysterious humanoid from the 28th century. These enhancements included subcutaneous pigment sacs, a bio-mimetic garment, modified alveoli, more bronchial lobes and eyes with compound retinas which allowed them to see things starship sensors likely could not detect. The Suliban considered these "enhancements" as "progress". (ENT: "Broken Bow")

When they were captured by a pre-warp civilization in 2152, Jonathan Archer and Malcolm Reed claimed to be prototypes of a new breed of supersoldiers to conceal the existence of alien life from the civilization. (ENT: "The Communicator")

Genetic engineering had been employed on Denobula since the twentieth century, to generally positive effect. (ENT: "Borderland")

Genetic programming was Surmak Ren's major field of study at the University of Bajor. (DS9: "Babel")

The Angosians used psychological and biochemical modifications and mental programming to make the perfect soldier such as Roga Danar. (TNG: "The Hunted")

The Tosk were engineered by the Hunters to be prey for their traditional hunts. (DS9: "Captive Pursuit")

The Son'a used genetic manipulation as part of a range of strategies to retard aging. (Star Trek: Insurrection)

The Brunali were proficient at genetic engineering, which they used to create modified crops capable of surviving on their Borg-devastated homeworld. However, they also genetically engineered some of their children to produce a pathogen deadly to Borg. These children were then allowed to be assimilated, so that they could spread the infection to their Borg vessels. Icheb was one such child, the pathogen causing the cube that he was on to break down, killing all of the active drones and causing the young drones in their maturation chambers to activate before they were fully processed into the Collective. (VOY: "Child's Play")

The Taresians used genetic engineering in tandem with a form of biological weaponry to manipulate the DNA of other species. This occurred to Ensign Harry Kim in 2373, who was infected with a virus that altered his DNA to make him a potential Taresian mate. (VOY: "Favorite Son")

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The Trump administration is considering cutting $100 million worth of crucial medical research into developing new vaccines and treating diseases like Parkinsons and Alzheimers.

It will slow some projects down that are vital for sick Americans, Larry Goldstein, the director of UC San Diegos stem cell program, toldPolitico, blasting the proposal by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to discontinue National Institutes of Health (NIH) research that uses fetal tissue.

Research on stem cells derived from fetal tissue isabsolutely essentialto medical progress. It brought us the vaccines for polio and measles, and its currently being used to develop potential vaccines for HIV/AIDS and influenza, as well as treatments for neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinsons, Alzheimers, ALS, and more.

There are strict ethical guidelines on how to obtain the fetal tissue, which comes from miscarriages and legal abortions, and which hasunique propertiesthat give researchers insights they often cant find elsewhere.

This fetal tissue would just get thrown away if it werent being donated to research and that research could save future babies by finding treatments for the Zika virus and other prenatal problems.

But Trump is willing to throw all of that progress out the window just to pander to the same religious extremists whowant to banbirth control and fertility treatments.

An HHS spokesperson told Politico that the department is holding multiple listening sessions with various stakeholders [like] scientists, pro-life groups, ethicists on whether to ban this medical research.

Among those pro-life groups is the Susan B. Anthony List, an extremist lobbying group thats basically like theNRAof the movement against reproductive health and rights.

But groups like SBA List do even worse things to science and medicine than the NRA, which hasblockedgovernment research on gun violence.

The anti-choice extremist movement in Americaoperatesa lot like the climate change denial movement: Making up garbage lies and peddling garbage experts in order to confuse people about the validity of well-established science.

Thanks to the lobbying of these extremists, doctors are often forced tolie to womenabout basic health issues or useoutdatedmedical practices. They risk losing their license or even jail time if they cant figure out how to follow badly written laws thatmake no medical sense. And women are evenarrested for miscarriagewhen prosecutors abuse laws that were intended to protect pregnant women.

So when the Trump administration says its consulting scientists, ethicists, and pro-life groups about medical research, its a lot like saying NASA is consulting engineers, astrophysicists, and used car salesmen before launching the next space probe.

The real scientists arent happy about this at all and some worry that theyre being listened to just so that the Trump administration can cover its ass and do what its been planning to all along.

I dont know how much time anyone has to give a compelling case, one anonymous representative of a scientific organization on the listening tour told Politico. Is this just a fait accompli and window dressing to say that you listened to people?

Trump, probably taking the advice of the virulently anti-choice Vice President Mike Pence, has already stuffed HHS full ofanti-science hackswho push abstinence-only sex education for teenagers and who want to defund basic family planning and health programs.

When Pence was governor of Indiana, he signed a law that would have forced women who had miscarriages to seekfunerary services for their fetuses.

And of course, the Trump administration and the GOP have tried to ruin health care across the board by systematicallysabotagingObamacare.

Once again, Trump and his lackeys are working hard to sacrifice human health at the altar of right-wing extremism.

Published with permission of The American Independent.

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Trump Calls Halt To Medical Progress Over Stem Cell Research

Meet Dr. Firshein

Dr. Richard Firshein, DO , is board-certified in family medicine, and the leading authority in the fields of Integrative, Anti-Aging, and Precision- Based Medicine. He embarked on his journey as a physician over 25 years ago and founded the Firshein Center for Integrative Medicine on Park Avenue in New York City. Dr. Firsheins inspiration to practice medicine began with his own personal battle with asthma and food allergies but was also deeply influenced his mother battle breast cancer, and as a teenager after losing his two best friends to leukemia and the loss of his father to heart disease. These early experiences motivated his lifelong pursuit to find alternative and complementary treatments to often complex diagnostic conditions and illnesses. As an early pioneer in Integrative medicine, his mission has been to help each of his patients achieve not only an optimal health span but an extended lifespan.

It became apparent to me that the current system of medicine had numerous shortcomings and failed to treat patients in a holistic way. I received thorough medical training, became a board-certified acupuncturist, and set my sights on integrating the best practices from traditional medicine with alternative therapies proven to assist in disease prevention and the healing process.

Dr. Firshein has treated over 25,000 patients who have often experienced life-saving as well as life-enhancing results while receiving the most intensive, state-of-the-art, and personalized treatment available. At the Firshein center, he uses cutting-edge, DNA-based, diagnostic, nutritional, gut biome, and allergy based testing to create customized longevity and anti-aging protocols for his patients. As the best-selling author of the groundbreaking book The Nutraceutical Revolution, Dr. Firshein was the first physician to recommend a precision-based Nutraceutical approach for treating patients by utilizing a customized vitamin supplements and an individualized dietary approach. Known specifically for his detailed consideration of each patients medical history and markers for chronic conditions, he has developed a reputation for a uniquely compassionate, and effective form of medical care. He treats a wide variety of chronic issues, including asthma and allergies, chronic lyme, chronic pain, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis, menopause and cancer utilizing therapies which he says are the best of both worlds. Early on in Dr Firshein's career he advocated for a variety of cutting edge therapeutics which were considered avant grade at the time including IV Therapy, food allergy desensitization drops and bio-identical hormones.

Dr Richard Firshein is the author of the best-selling books the Vitamin Prescription for Life, Reversing Asthma and Your Asthma Free Child. In addition to being an Osteopathic Physician, Dr. Firshein is also a Certified Medical acupuncturist trained at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), incorporating both Eastern and Western modalities into his therapeutic regimen. Dr Firshein has helped other doctors come up through the ranks by serving as assistant professor of Family Medicine at the New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, and as director of residency training in Family Medicine and director of medical education at Brookdale and St. Claire's Hospital in New York City.

In addition to his professional/medical experience, Dr. Firshein belongs to numerous medical organizations, such as The American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, the American Academy of Medical Acupuncture, the American Board of Forensic Medicine, the New York County Medical Society, the American Osteopathic Board of Family Physicians, and the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, the American Osteopathic Association and the American Medical Association

Dr. Firsheins innovative approach to holistic treatment methods and his considerable experience have garnered him numerous awards, such as Castle Connelly's Top Doctor and The Vitals Most Compassionate Doctor Award, and was also recognized as one of "The Leading Physicians of the World" as well as a Healthgrades Honor Roll physician. His groundbreaking approach to medicine has made him a consistently sought-after medical expert on numerous television programs, including CNN, FOX News, CNBC, HLN, Good Day New York, WPIX Morning Show, CBS Morning News, and The Food Network. Dr. Firshein also hosted his own highly successful radio show, House Calls, for over 10 years. He has traveled the world and spoken at numerous prestigious medical conferences educating physicians, pharmacists and the lay public

As a contributing editor for Psychology Today, Dr. Firshein explored the connection between mind, body, and nutrition. He has been prominently featured in numerous popular magazines including Vogue, Harper's Bazaar, People, Self, Good Housekeeping, Men's Health, and Bottomline Health. His precision-based approach was featured in Town and Country magazine, which highlighted his work and research on the role of precision-based medical treatments, allergies, and diet. On the professional side, his clinical approach to health has been featured in the international medical journal Biomed where he authored numerous articles for an International physician based audience looking to incorporate advanced medical therapeutics

In addition to his clinical work, Dr. Firshein has spent time researching natural therapies, specifically the role of alkylglycerols ( found in Greenland shark liver oil) as a treatment modality for cancer. His research was published at the American Association of Oncologists' annual meeting. His work was supported by a grant from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden. Ultimately, Dr. Firshein was awarded a patent for the Treatment of Cancer Using Alkylglycerols

Outside of his practice, Dr. Firshein advocates and supports a number of philanthropic organizations, including Oceana, We Are Family, The Northside Center, and the Paul Sorvino Asthma Foundation, where he developed the "Breath of Life Program" for children as medical director. The program he designed for asthmatic children via the Paul Sorvino Asthma Foundation; was recognized by both the AMA and the NYC Mayors Office.Dr. Firsheins approach sets him apart from other physicians because of his belief in proactive healthcare; rather than reactive. Instead of waiting to see how a person reacts to a certain medication or treatment, he is able to analyze their DNA, taking a close look at their genetics, underlying deficiencies and potential underlying risk factors . From there, he is not only able to treat diseases and prescribe medications, but can also create a personalized approach to overall health by creating a completely customized supplements and a dietary plan that will optimally benefit the patient.

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Aristo VojdaniPhD, MSC, CLS

Ashley Koff RD

Barbara Bartlik MD

Belleruth NaparstekACSW

Dane DonohueDC

David BradyND, DC, CCN, DACBN, IFMCP

David Fogel MD

David PerlmutterMD, FACN, ABIHM

Donald AbramsMD

Geo Espinosa ND, L.AC, IFMCP, CNS

Isadora Guggenheim ND

Jack Wolfson D.O., FACC

James Greenblatt MD

Janet Mindes PhD

Jeffery BlandPhD, FACN, FACB, CNS

Joel Evans MD

John Weeks

Josh AxeDNM, DC, CNSSpecial Guest

Kathie SwiftMS, RDN, LDN, FAND

Kenneth R PelletierPhD, MD

Lorilee SchoenbeckND

Lorraine Gahles-KidlowPhD

Marcelle PickNP, OB/GYN

Mark BreinerDDS, FAGD, FIAOMT

Mark HymanMD

Mary Beth Augustine RDN, CDN, FAND

Michael RuscioDC

Nancy GahlesDC, CCH, RSHOM(NA), OIM

Nancy O'HaraMD, MPH, FAAP

Peter OsborneDC, DACBN, PSCD

Robert RountreeMD

Robert SilvermanDC, DACBN, DCBCN, MS, CCN,CNS, CSCS, CIISN, CKTP, CES, HKC,

Ronald HoffmanMD, CNS, FACAM

Russell Jaffe MD, PhD, CCN

Steven Feyrer-MelkPhD, M.ED

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Ok, I admit it. I am a Dummie! Especially when it comes to Science! I do hold a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from Berkeley but its not exactly the type of Science degree you need when your children are dying from a rare cholesterol disease that causes dementia.

All of a sudden topics like gene therapy and stem cells are very important topics in our household as research into these areas could lead to life-saving treatments for our twins. But learning complex scientific topics like stem cells can be intimidating to many people.

Dr. Larry Goldstein, professor of cellular and molecular medicine and director of University of California San Diegos stem cell program, has written a book in plain English on stem cells called Stem Cells for Dummies. The book is intended for anyone who wishes to learn more about stem cells, where they come from and the potential use of stem cells in medical research and in treating disease.

What is the difference between Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Adult stem cells (ASCs) or iPS cells (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells)? What are the many objections to stems cell use in research and why is it such a highly controversial topic? The book is written for the layperson, doctors or even someone in the medical research field who is not familiar with stem cells.

Stem cell derived neurons will someday allow scientists like Dr. Goldstein determine whether breakdowns in the transport of proteins and lipids within cells trigger the neuronal death and neurodegeneration that is a hallmark in Alzheimers and Niemann-Pick Type C disease.

Stem Cells for Dummies is a fantastic book that allows anyone to brush up on basic biology and learn about critical stem cell research at the same time. You can read the index of topics here. Learning about stem cells today could be life-saving for you or someone you love in the future as the world moves closer to regenerative medicine.

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Stem Cells For Dummies: The Controvery, Pros and Cons ...

Stem Cell Therapy for Neuropathy Concerning Foot and Ankle Conditions

For many people, especially those who have diabetes, peripheral neuropathy most often occurs in the feet. The discomfort caused by peripheral neuropathy in people, whether they are diabetic or not, is most commonly described as a sharpness, shooting, or burning. Some describe the nerve pain as feeling as if they were getting electric shocks.

No matter how the pain or tingling is described, the core reason for it is nerve damage, and an effective neuropathy pain treatment must address damage to the nerve cells. Stem cell-based therapy for peripheral neuropathy works to repair damaged nerves and rebuild new nerve connections, even in diabetic patients.

This new stem cell therapy for neuropathy does more than just heal nerve damage; stem cell treatment for neuropathy also addresses glial cells and cytokine inflammation, which has a significant role in both the development of and the progression of neuropathy.

Neuropathic pain, including that produced by idiopathic peripheral neuropathy, doesnt always respond well to pain medication or other pharmaceutical drugs. Even when it does, there are often unwelcome side effects that accompany the response to such forms of neuropathy pain treatment, including weight gain, drowsiness, dry mouth, or negative mood changes.

The National Stem Cell Institutes proprietary stem cell therapy for neuropathy uses mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the patients adipose tissue or bone marrow, so you dont have to worry that our new therapy for neuropathy is adding to the risks and side effects of any medication.

The stem cells used in our stem cell therapy for neuropathy are not embryonic stem cells or cells from fetuses. Instead, these regenerative cells come straight from fat stores in your own body just a few hours before they are injected back into your body and put to work to heal disease or dysfunction such as peripheral neuropathy. The safety of stem cell therapy procedures has been well established in countless studies and research, and it extends to our stem cell therapy for peripheral neuropathy.

After stem cell therapy for neuropathy, patients experience relief from Neuropathy Pain.* Scar tissues begin to heal and reverse to healthy tissue while inflammation and pain are relieved. This relief to peripheral neuropathy after a stem cell transplant allows patients to increase their daily activities and movement, getting them back to a healthier, happier life.

NSIs proprietary stem cell therapy for neuropathy requires no overnight stays in a hospital. Its done on an outpatient basis with little to minimal downtime post-procedure. Most people return to their usual, everyday activities the very same day that they undergo stem cell treatment for neuropathy.

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Stem Cell Therapy for Neuropathy | NSI Stem Cell

At Virginia Mason, we understand the importance of caring for the whole person. And that each individual's path to optimal health is unique. That's why we have partnered with the Bastyr Center for Natural Health to expand our continuum of care by creating the Center for Integrative Medicine.

Integrative medicine offers a balanced, holistic approach to health. It combines the latest breakthroughs in Western medicine with the centuries-old wisdom of natural therapies. We find this approach safe, appropriate, and effective for our patients.

At Virginia Mason's Bainbridge Island and downtown Seattle locations, our caring experts offer natural therapies along with traditional medical approaches. We believe in the interconnection of mind, body and spirit, and our goal is to empower you to be a co-creator of your own wellness.

This approach offers:

Dr. Astrid Pujari, the center's medical director, is board-certified in both Internal Medicine and in Integrative Holistic Medicine. Dr. Pujari has extensive experience in integrating nutritional, herbal and mind-body therapies with Western medicine.

The Center for Integrative Medicine at Virginia Mason has partnered with the renowned natural health experts at the Bastyr Center to offer a variety of services, including:

Cash or credit card payment for these services is due at the time of treatment. Upon request, we can provide documentation for you to send to your insurance company.

Our Integrative Medicine program is evidence-based and data driven, providing the same quality standards we hold throughout our healthcare system. It is part of our team approach to medicine, and we work together with our other medical experts at Virginia Mason.

For more information or to schedule an appointment, call (206) 341-1202.

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DEAR MAYO CLINIC: Whats the latest information on using stem cell therapy to treat an arthritic shoulder that causes excessive pain?

ANSWER: New efforts in regenerative medicine, including stem cell therapy, could dramatically affect orthopedic surgery over the coming years. Much of this hope is pinned on using stem cells to treat degenerative conditions such as shoulder arthritis. Although it shows promise, stem cell treatment for arthritis isnt widely available at this time, as its still being researched.

Stem cells are the basic building blocks of all human tissue. Stem cells hold potential as treatment, in part, because they can communicate valuable information about tissue growth and healing to other cells in the body. Arthritis involves joint degeneration due to loss of the cartilage that cushions bones. Recently researchers have begun to look to stem cells for orthopedic conditions such as shoulder arthritis. Progress using stem cells to treat arthritis already has been reported, with the ultimate goal of using stem cells to regrow cartilage.

When discussing stem cell therapy, its important to understand that pure stem cells are not currently available to U.S. patients outside of a clinical research study. A handful of clinical research trials, monitored by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), are ongoing at this time to study stem cell treatment for arthritis. The early findings from these trials are encouraging.

Unfortunately, the excitement surrounding emerging stem cell therapy has led some patients and health care providers to overlook the lack of scientific evidence to support its use at this time. Stem cell therapies currently used outside clinical studies do not contain pure stem cells. Instead, they are a mix of a variety of cells, of which only a very small percentage are stem cells. It is possible that many of these treatments do not contain enough stem cells to help.

It is also important to recognize that many stem cell therapies now marketed directly to patients are conducted without the required biologics license from the FDA. Also, some forms of mislabeled stem cell therapies do not contain any living stem cells. Such practices are cause for concern, as these treatments can mislead patients and the public, and delay the scientific progress needed to turn stem cell therapies into cures.

What the research into stem cells and arthritis shows is that there are opportunities for stem cell treatment to be used as injection therapy alone and in addition to orthopedic surgical procedures. Successful stem cell therapies thus far have resulted mostly in pain relief and improvement in function or quality of life. Only a few limited early studies have demonstrated improvement in new cartilage or bone formation needed to cure arthritis. Exactly how that cartilage regrowth occurs, or even how pain relief is achieved, is still unknown. That means if you have a stem cell procedure, it will be used to treat the symptoms of arthritis only. The ability to cure the disease entirely is not yet available.

No major research studies have specifically investigated stem cell treatment for shoulder arthritis. Much of what is known about stem cells in arthritis comes from research into knee degeneration. Its not known if the successes treating knee arthritis will prove to be similarly beneficial when used for the shoulder. Therefore, current recommendations to treat shoulder arthritis remain the judicious use of gentle pain relievers, exercise and occasional steroid injections. In severe cases, shoulder replacement can provide long-lasting pain relief.

With demonstrable safety and mounting evidence of the effectiveness of stem cell therapy for some orthopedic conditions, potentially all orthopedic disease could be treated with stem cell therapy in the future. But, first, doctors and patients will have to wait until the scientific evidence catches up to the excitement around this promising option. Dr. Shane Shapiro, Orthopedic Surgery and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida

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Mayo Clinic Q and A: Stem cell therapy for arthritis Mayo ...