Study Highlights:
LOS ANGELES, Nov. 5, 2012 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Stem cells taken from patients or donors can treat people with enlarged hearts safely and with similar effectiveness, according to late-breaking clinical trial results presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2012.
The Comparison of Allogeneic vs. Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Delivered by Transendocardial Injection in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy trial (POISEIDON) is also published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
"This cell therapy clearly had some clinical benefits and the mesenchymal stem cells from donors were just as safe as those from the recipient," said Joshua Hare, M.D., the lead study author. "Even in patients who had heart attacks several decades before treatment, both donor and recipient stem cells reduced the amount of scarring substantially, by one-third."
The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) -- unique because the body's protective antibodies don't attack them -- are found in adults' bone marrow.
Previous studies indicated that MSCs might improve heart muscle function in patients with heart scarring from a prior heart attack. Heart muscle weakening from such scars (ischemic cardiomyopathy) is the most common cause of debilitating and deadly congestive heart failure.
The 13-month trial is the first to compare the safety and efficacy of MSCs taken from the patients themselves against MSCs provided by donors. Thirty patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy received various doses of MSCs. Half received their own cells, while the other half received donor cells. Heart failure class improved in 28 percent of those receiving donor cells, and in 50 percent of those receiving their own cells.
Regenerating new heart muscle with MSCs requires growing large amounts of the stem cells, which takes six to eight weeks. Using already-prepared donor cells might avoid this delay to treatment.
"Because antibodies don't attack MSCs, donor cells can be prepared in advance and stored until needed," said Hare, a professor of medicine and director of the Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine in Florida. "Perhaps using donor cells is the more feasible approach."
The stem cells were delivered directly into the damaged area of patients' heart muscle using a catheter with a needle tip. "An additional important finding was the safety of this new cardiac catheterization technique," said study co-author Alan Heldman, M.D., a cardiologist and Professor of Medicine in the University of Miami Health System, who performed the minimally-invasive procedures.
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Stem Cells From Patients or Donors May Help Treat Diseased Hearts