StemCell Therapy

While resistance can often make it a challenge to treat mantle cell lymphoma, therapies have come a long way in recent years thanks to the emergence of personalized treatment and the use of BTK inhibitors, according to one expert.

Ruan, a hematologist and oncologist from Weil Cornell Medicine in New York City, recently sat down with OncLive, CUREs sister publication, to discuss the treatment trends in this disease space.

We're moving toward precision medicine and personalized treatment (in MCL), said Ruan. The objective is to overcome resistance and come up with treatment plans that address the underlying disease biology and take personal factors about the patients into consideration.

When asked about the novel agents that are currently showing promise in MCL, Ruan explained that BTK inhibitors have resulted in highoverall response rates (ORRs), more complete remissions (CRs) and a lower number of side effects in this patient population.

Since the approval of Revlimid (lenalidomide) in 2013, a number of newer BTK inhibitors have been approved, with first-generation Imbruvica (ibrutinib) standing out as the top choice for many. So far, this class of agents has the best single-agent activity in MCL to date, explained Ruan. For example, ibrutinib would give about a 65% to 67% ORR, and about 20% of that would be CRs. In contrast, lenalidomide would give you about a 30% ORR and up to about 8% CR.

A newer BTK inhibitor, Calquence (acalabrutinib), is considered just as effective as Imbruvica with an overall response rate of 81% and complete response in 40% of patients who took it during the phase 2 study that led to its approval. That's quite remarkable for a single agent for patients who have relapsed/refractory MCL, Ruan said.

The field continues to grow with the testing of new agents, including BCL-2 inhibitor, Venclexta (venetoclax), which is currently approved in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. In MCL, we have data to suggest that it has promising activity as a single agent, she said. Currently, it's being studied in combination with a variety of other agents, including BTK inhibitors. They seem to work very well and are helping to move treatment away from chemotherapy.

However, treating MCL can be challenging because of treatment resistance, explained Ruan. All of the agents are being introduced, tested, and approved in the setting of relapsed disease, said Ruan. That is a big challenge for a sizable portion of patients who do not respond maybe they have a genetic mutation that is not responsive to targeted therapy or they develop a secondary mutation in the process of being treated and then they become resistant.

The issue of resistance is important to consider when treating MCL, according to Ruan. We have to provide novel agents that are sensitive to the disease at every stage of the evolution and come up with additional therapies that can overcome the resistance, she said.

In the future, Ruan predicts the shift toward precision medicine and personalized treatment will continue. The objective is to overcome resistance and come up with treatment plans that address the underlying disease biology and take personal factors about the patients into consideration, she said. This is important for us to understand MCL individually.

This precise approach would mean doing more genetic analysis to determine what type of disease is being treated in order to create a treatment plan that would provide the most benefit for the patient.

If we could know (about mutations) ahead of time, we could have the treatment designed and tailored to maximize treatment effectiveness and minimize adverse events, said Ruan.

It doesn't make sense to subject patients to all of the cytotoxicity associated with conventional intensive chemotherapy while other options, such as participation in clinical trials with novel agents, could be very effective.

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Precision Medicine and Personalized Treatments Shifting the Tide in Mantle Cell Lymphoma - Curetoday.com

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Relevant clinical advances that improve outcomes for patients with glioblastoma have been few and far between over the last two decades, said Frederic Sottilini, CEO of CarThera. Despite multimodal therapy, median survival remains around 15 months for these patients, virtually all of whom recur. Our goal is to optimize the selection and delivery of drug therapies to extend the lives of patients with glioblastoma.

The two companies were brought together by one of the worlds leading neuro-oncology and glioblastoma experts, John de Groot, M.D., professor and chairman ad interim, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, who recognized the synergistic nature of their respective clinical initiatives. CarThera is currently conducting a multi-center clinical study of its novel ultrasound technology, SonoCloud-9, designed to increase the permeability of the blood brain barrier to improve the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the brains of patients with recurrent glioblastoma. KIYATEC is conducting a multi-center clinical study of its ex vivo 3D cell culture technology to accurately predict pre-treatment, patient-specific response to recommended standard of care cancer drugs for newly diagnosed and recurrent glioblastoma.

As someone who cares for patients with glioblastoma, I applaud the efforts of CarThera and KIYATEC to bring evidence-based advances to the clinic for the purpose of improving outcomes for patients with glioblastoma, said Dr. de Groot. I envision these two technologies as being complementary with the potential to transform the way in which neuro-oncologists manage glioblastoma patients.

Under the terms of the clinical collaboration, KIYATEC will conduct ex vivo drug response profiling on glioblastoma tissue samples from patients enrolled in CarTheras clinical study. CarThera will benefit from having ex vivo drug response profiling for patients enrolled in its study, while KIYATEC will correlate its patient-specific, pre-treatment drug response predictions with actual clinical outcomes of patients in CarTheras study. For both companies, this collaboration represents an opportunity to enrich their portfolios of clinical evidence with the goal of helping clinicians improve outcomes for their patients with glioblastoma.

Both of our companies are dedicated to ensuring that glioblastoma patients receive the most appropriate drug therapy at the right time, and that the efficacy of that therapy is maximized to its fullest therapeutic potential, said Matthew Gevaert, CEO and co-founder of KIYATEC. We believe that this clinical collaboration has the potential to help us accelerate and deliver on the long-awaited promise of personalized medicine for these deserving patients.

Both companies will be sending delegates to the 24th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuro-Oncology, November 20-24 in Phoenix, Arizona.

About KIYATEC, Inc. KIYATEC leverages its proprietary ex vivo 3D cell culture technology platforms to accurately model and predict response to approved and investigational cancer drugs targeting a spectrum of solid tumors. The companys Drug Development Services business works in partnership with leading biopharmaceutical companies to unlock response dynamics for its investigational drug candidates across the majority of solid tumor types. The companys Clinical Services business is currently engaged in the validation of clinical assays as well as investigator-initiated studies in ovarian cancer, breast cancer, glioblastoma and rare tumors, in its CLIA-certified laboratory. To learn more about KIYATEC, visit http://www.kiyatec.com.

About CarThera CarThera designs and develops innovative therapeutic ultrasound-based medical devices for treating brain disorders. The company is a spin-off from AP-HP, Greater Paris University Hospitals, the largest hospital group in Europe, and Sorbonne University. Since 2010, CarThera has been leveraging the inventions of Professor Alexandre Carpentier, a neurosurgeon at AP-HP who has achieved worldwide recognition for his innovative developments in treating brain disorders. CarThera developed SonoCloud, an intracranial ultrasound implant that temporarily opens the blood-brain barrier (BBB). CarThera is based at the Brain and Spine Institute (Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle pinire, ICM) in Paris, France, and has laboratories at the Bioparc Lannec business incubator in Lyon, France. The company, led by Frederic Sottilini (CEO), works closely with the Laboratory of Therapeutic Applications of Ultrasound (Laboratoire Thrapie et Applications Ultrasonores, LabTAU, INSERM) in Lyon.www.carthera.eu

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CarThera and KIYATEC Collaborate in Effort to Bring Personalized Medicine to Patients Stricken by Brain Cancer - BioSpace

This report provides data on patterns, improvements, target business sectors, materials, limits, and advancements. By thinking from the customers perspective, a team of researchers, forecasters, analysts, and industry experts work carefully to formulate this Global Precision Medicine Market report. Furthermore, it works to determine the impact of buyers, substitutes, new entrants, competitors, and suppliers on the market. This gives more accurate understanding of the market landscape, issues that may affect the industry in the future, and how to best position specific brands. The Global Precision Medicine Market report helps to develop a successful marketing strategy for your business and acts as a backbone to the business.

Global Precision Medicine Marketto grow with a substantial CAGR in the forecast period of 2019-2026. Growing prevalence of cancer worldwide and accelerating demand of novel therapies to prevent of cancer related disorders are the key factors for lucrative growth of market

Key Market Players:

Few of the major competitors currently working in the global precision medicine market areNeon Therapeutics, Moderna, Inc, Merck & Co., Inc, Bayer AG, PERSONALIS INC, GENOCEA BIOSCIENCES, INC., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CureVac AG, CELLDEX THERAPEUTICS, BIONTECH SE, Advaxis, Inc, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Bioven International Sdn Bhd, Agenus Inc., Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Immunovative Therapies, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Gritstone Oncology, NantKwest, Inc among others.

Global Precision Medicine Market By Application (Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Others), Technologies (Pharmacogenomics, Point-of-Care Testing, Stem Cell Therapy, Pharmacoproteomics and Others), Indication (Oncology, Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders, Immunology Disorders, Respiratory Disorders, Others), Drugs (Alectinib, Osimertinib, Mepolizumab,Aripiprazole lauroxil and Others), Route of Administration (Oral,Injectable), End- Users (Hospitals, Homecare, Specialty Clinics, Others), Geography (North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2026

Competitive Analysis:

The precision medicine market is highly fragmented and is based on new product launches and clinical results of products. Hence the major players have used various strategies such as new product launches, clinical trials, market initiatives, high expense on research and development, agreements, joint ventures, partnerships, acquisitions, and others to increase their footprints in this market. The report includes market shares of mass spectrometry market for global, Europe, North America, Asia Pacific and South America.

Market Definition:

Precision medicines is also known as personalized medicines is an innovative approach to the patient care for disease treatment, diagnosis and prevention base on the persons individual genes. It allows doctors or physicians to select treatment option based on the patients genetic understanding of their disease.

According to the data published in PerMedCoalition, it was estimated that the USFDA has approved 25 novels personalized medicines in the year of 2018. These growing approvals annually by the regulatory authorities and rise in oncology and CNS disorders worldwide are the key factors for market growth.

Market Drivers

Market Restraints

Key Developments in the Market:

Competitive Analysis:

Global precision medicine market is highly fragmented and the major players have used various strategies such as new product launches, expansions, agreements, joint ventures, partnerships, acquisitions, and others to increase their footprints in this market. The report includes market shares of global precision medicine market for Global, Europe, North America, Asia-Pacific, South America and Middle East & Africa.

Market Segmentation:

By technology:-big data analytics, bioinformatics, gene sequencing, drug discovery, companion diagnostics, and others.

By application:- oncology, hematology, infectious diseases, cardiology, neurology, endocrinology, pulmonary diseases, ophthalmology, metabolic diseases, pharmagenomics, and others.

On the basis of end-users:- pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, diagnostic companies, laboratories, and healthcare it specialist.

On the basis of geography:- North America & South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Middle East & Africa. U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Netherlands, Switzerland, Turkey, Russia, China, India, South Korea, Japan, Australia, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Brazil among others.

In 2017, North America is expected to dominate the market.

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Global Precision Medicine Market Share 2019 Analysis With Observational Studies of Neon Therapeutics, Moderna, Inc, Merck & Co., Inc, Bayer AG,...

For centuries, medicine has largely relied on a single primary source of information for the diagnosis and treatment of disease: individual patients. This data stream has become increasingly complex over time due to advances in imaging, biochemistry and genetics, but it is still patient-based.

Now, a second stream is emerging that I believe is likely to impact the entire healthcare delivery system, both in terms of outcomes and economics: population-based data. The sources of this data could include census records, various government agencies and community health records. The information it provides could span neighborhood and housing conditions, economic stability, education levels, social and community conditions and the availability of healthcare. All of these could contribute to a three-dimensional view of the patient and provide insights into treatment options and the management of chronic conditions. In fact, research (via the National Academy of Medicine) suggests that social determinants account for 80% to 90% of "modifiable contributors to healthy outcomes."

This figure is more than an interesting statistic. It has demonstrable real-world consequences. For example, a Maricopa County, Arizona, program that incorporates social determinants played a significant role in a 67% decrease in suicides in its first three months. The data collected related to poverty, food and housing insecurity, and environmental exposures such as homes with lead paint. Efforts to reduce some of the problems that were discovered, such as delivering meals or installing air conditioners, were likely central to the programs success.

The amount of healthcare data is huge and growing. According to Research and Markets, it more than quadrupled to 700 exabytes from 2013 to 2017 and is projected to triple again to 2,314 exabytes by 2020. Its potential value to businesses is even more impressive. For example, EY estimates that the value of the U.K. National Health Service's datasets could be 5 billion (approximately $6.4 billion) per year and deliver around 4.6 billion (approximately $5.9 billion) of benefit to patients per year in potential operational savings for the NHS, enhanced patient outcomes and generation of wider economic benefits to the U.K.."

New Sources Of Patient Data

The amount of patient-based data is also growing due to new technology developments. Wearables are one prominent source of this new data. The Apple Watch, for example, can monitor and track heart rhythm with a level of sophistication that would have been unimaginable only a few years ago. Glucose monitors can be connected to smartphones to support behavioral changes in patients who need help managing their diabetes.

One of the most exciting developments to me is affordable genome sequencing. It was once a process that cost a thousand dollars or more, but one company recently offered it for $199. Access to this data is a very important development for personalized medicine, especially for cancer patients for whom targeted therapies based on genome analysis could mean the difference between life and death.

Data-Centric Business Models

The explosion in healthcare data has led to a number of data-driven business partnerships. Pfizer collaborated with Flatiron Health to use real-world data in an application for FDA drug approval. In another example, a large insurance provider created an app for smartwatches to help members track their actions so they can receive rewards for activities that improve their well-being. There is also a marketplace for anonymous data. Cloud-based HealthVerity Marketplace, for example, lets customers browse and license data from over 50 billion anonymized transactions.

More partnerships and vertical marketplaces for data will surely emerge over time.

Challenges Ahead

While the idea of data-driven healthcare is widely embraced, putting it into practice is not so simple. There are several barriers to widespread use of statistical data as a new weapon in the ongoing battle against disease.

The technical challenges of collecting and analyzing health data are not trivial. One 2010 survey (viaPR Newswire) conducted for a web-based electronic health record (EHR) company found that the average American patient accumulates records from 18 different providers over a lifetime. The data from many of those visits may be in incompatible formats. In my experience, data collected by governments tends to be in silos as well. As a result, I expect that a considerable amount of data integration work will be required before the data is even ready for analysis.

The twin concerns of privacy and security are also major barriers to data sharing. Generally speaking, patients may be willing to share their health data when it is for a good cause -- such as better outcomes for others. However, there is always the risk that such data will be used to discriminate against people with health conditions. In addition, there is the issue of security -- over 13 million healthcare records were reportedly exposed in breaches in 2018 alone. Another issue is that providers may fear losing a competitive advantage by sharing data.

However, none of these are insurmountable barriers. I believe digital data has enormous potential to influence outcomes for the better and to deliver business value. That potential will not go untapped. Patient data will still be extremely important, but I'm sure it will be enhanced by data from external sources in a win-win model.

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How We Can Improve The Healthcare Industry With A Healthy Dose Of Data - Forbes

Todays clinical labs are experiencing a shortage of personnel, but the labs themselves cant slow down.

Value-based healthcare puts a premium on delivering patient outcomes, Timea Zsiray, director of strategy and marketing for Beckman Coulters Workflow and Informational Technology Solutions Business, explained during a press conference at AACC 2019. Clinical labs are an essential part of healthcare, as 65 to 70% of [healthcare] decisions are made based on lab data, she explained.

Consequently, labs have to improve turnaround time while delivering accurate results, she added.

Automation is a promising solution. She pointed out that 32 main steps are typically performed in the lab, most of which are performed manually, and addedthat manual processes are "time consuming and error prone. There is "a need to make lab personnels jobs easier.

However, automation is not just the movement of tubesbut also the digital movement of data, Zsiray.

Healthcare professionals who spoke during the press conference all agreed that healthcare systems are experiencing a shortage of well-trained medical professionals. These speakers included Dr. David Koch, associate professor of pathology at Emory University School of Medicine and director of clinical chemistry, special chemistry, toxicology and point-of-care testing at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta; Dr. Steven H. Wong, professor of pathology and director of the clinical chemistry and toxicology core laboratory, and co-director of the clinical and translational mass spectrometry center at Wake Forest School of Medicine; and Robin Ades, senior regional director of operations for Alverno Laboratories.

Said Koch: We dont have enough people going into the clinical lab profession.

Added Ades: Small- and mid-sized labs have the same staffing issues, especially in rural areas where we dont have the pool of applicants as in the past. And efficiency is expected of all labs, regardless the size. Turnaround time expectations are the same despite the size of the healthcare system, she added.

These professionals are hopeful that automation can help fill the gap. Automation makes it possible to deliver high throughput, Wong said.

Automation has been critical to our success at Grady Hospital in Atlanta, said Koch, adding later that automation helps all staff, even part-time and weekend staff. They have to produce the same high-quality result as the Monday-Friday staff.

Automation may also enable labs to maintain staff engagement. Weve found that we needed our techs doing clinical scientific lab work, not mundane tasks such as specimen processing and loading them into instruments, said Ades. Koch agreed: Graduates want to be involved in meaningful work. Getting the result to the doctor that will benefit the patient is the most important, rather than fussing over minutia that could be handled by automation.

If staff is satisfied and happy, they are more likely to stay, said Wong.

However, todays emerging automation solutions mean more than just moving samples around in a lab. Automation can also contribute to efficiency in processing and results delivery. AutomatedIT allows labs"to be more fail safe in terms of labeling and specimen errors, said Ades. AddedKoch: We can rely on IT to auto-validate much of the data.

To support such automation needs, Beckman Coulters newest solution automates sample handling and more. At AACC Beckman Coulter highlighted WorkflowConnect, WorkflowAdvanced, and WorkflowCommand solutions that are designed to meet the needs of small-, mid-, and high-volume laboratories. It also demonstrated its newest total laboratory automation solution, the DxA 5000, which is intended to improve efficiency through several onboard funtions that help identify and address pre-analytical errors, automate labor-intensive and error-prone laboratory tasks, and auto-verify and release normal results.

The DxA 5000 combines sample-processing hardware with informatics from WorkflowConnect, WorkflowAdvanced, and WorkflowCommand middleware. Tubes are bar coded and after being loaded into the system move through centrifugation and other processes. Data is captured on the status of each sample as it moves through processing, and results are captured and transmitted as soon as available.

Automation used to be moving a tube from A to B, explained Dr. Christoph Moellers, vice president and general manager of Beckman Coulters Workflow and Informational Technology Solutions Business. Now, we receive a tube and deliver a resulteverything in between is automated. We used to focus on push mechanismsa tube comes in and we push it down the line. Now we use a pull mechanismwe pull requests to analyzers to maximize operational throughput.

"We didnt have the software in place before to perform that pull, " he added. Now, "we have that connection in the middleware.

Ades appreciates such capability. Its the scalability of the data flow, she said. The middleware piece is important for us to be standardized across our systems.

In addition, the automated system features a minimum amount of failure points in the system to maintain uptime, Moellers said. He said that Beckman Coulter had interviewed 180 customers globally and found that labs are challenged to maintain short turnaround time with consistent results.

Beckman Coulters solutions are also intended to meet the needs of labs of varying size. We believe in automation for all, so we designed the system to be modular, so we can scale it, he said. Mid-sized hospitals dont always have the buying power or the space in terms of footprint.

Beckman Coulters focus on data could also help it meet the needs of both centralized and decentralized laboratories. I am sure whatever direction [trends go], you need a tool to connect the dots and the data. Thats why informatics is so critical, Moellers said.

Added Koch: The key is that the lab houses the data and provides the data to the clinician. Automated solutions help small and large labs and all those in between.

Wong believes that automation could support emerging diagnostics testing such as multiple-panel biomarker testing, personalized medicine, and genomics and enhance the delivery of that information.

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Supporting the Digital Movement of Diagnostics Data - Medical Device and Diagnostics Industry

BANGALORE, India, Nov. 18, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Molecular diagnostic screening is used to identify different DNA or RNA sequences, including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), deletions, rearrangements, insertions, and others for further detection of the disease. These combined methods, such as genome and proteome, helps examine biological markers at the molecular level. These methods are used to treat various infectious diseases

It is expected that technological advances in molecular diagnostics will drive the market dramatically as they allow for greater precision, portability and cost-effectiveness. The launch of MinION, a compact and inexpensive sequencer for users in point-of-care facilities and small peripheral laboratories by Nanopore Technologies, is expected to fuel market growth.

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Trends Influencing The Molecular Diagnostics Market Share

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Region Wise Analysis Of Molecular Diagnostics Market Share

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The global molecular diagnostics market is segmented by application into infectious diseases, oncology, genetic testing, blood screening, and others (microbiology, neurological diseases, and cardiovascular diseases).

Infectious diseases projected the highest revenue in 2016, with a CAGR of 9.3% for the forecast period of 2017-2023, owing to an increase in the number of patients suffering from different viral and bacterial infections, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C virus(HCV), Human Papillomavirus(HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis/ Neisseria gonorrhoeae (CT/NG), and others. Along with the improving healthcare facilities treating these diseases in the emerging nations.

Molecular Diagnostics Market Key Segments

By Product

By Technology

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By End Users

By Geography

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Global Molecular Diagnostics Market Size was Valued at 5,962 Million US$ in 2016 and is Expected to Reach 10,557 Million US$ with a CAGR of 9.1% by...

Here are the top stories covered by DocWire Newsthis week in the Hematology & Oncology section. This week, a report indicated that where you live impacts your chances of surviving lung cancer, ruxolitinib is associated with worsening cardiometabolic health, and more.

Men with theBRCA2mutation have an increased risk ofprostate cancercompared with non-BRCA2carriers and should undergo regular prostate-specific antigen testing, according to interim research from the IMPACT study, presented at the National Cancer Research Institute 2019 Cancer Conference. The results were also published inEuropean Urology.

In the past decade, newlung cancercases have decreased by 19% and five-year survival has increased by 26%, according to a promising report from theAmerican Lung Association. Despite this,lung cancerremains the leading cause of death in the United States, and the chance of surviving the disease is largely dictated by where a person lives.

Secondary surgical cytoreduction followed by chemotherapy does not extend overall survival (primary endpoint) compared with chemotherapy alone in patients with platinum-sensitive, recurrent ovarian cancer, according to a study published inThe New England Journal of Medicine.

Melanoma of the eye may soon be detected using a simple test, according to a study thatappeared inTranslational Vision Science & Technology.

Ruxolitinib, an oral JAK1/2 inhibitor approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms, is associated with worseningcardiometabolic health, according to an article published inScientific Reports.

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Hem/Onc Roundup: BRCA2 Mutation and Prostate Cancer, Cancer Drug Affects Cardio Health, and more - DocWire News

The stock of Seneca Biopharma, Inc. (NASDAQ:SNCA) hit a new 52-week low and has $0.79 target or 4.00 % below todays $0.83 share price. The 7 months bearish chart indicates high risk for the $3.19 million company. The 1-year low was reported on Nov, 18 by Barchart.com. If the $0.79 price target is reached, the company will be worth $127,600 less.The 52-week low event is an important milestone for every stock because it shows very negative momentum and is time when sellers come in. During such technical setups, fundamental investors usually stay away and are careful buying the stock.

The stock decreased 10.91% or $0.101 during the last trading session, reaching $0.825. About 143,863 shares traded. Seneca Biopharma, Inc. (NASDAQ:SNCA) has 0.00% since November 18, 2018 and is . It has by 0.00% the S&P500.

More notable recent Seneca Biopharma, Inc. (NASDAQ:SNCA) news were published by: Seekingalpha.com which released: 32 Stem Cell Companies to Watch Seeking Alpha on February 04, 2009, also Seekingalpha.com with their article: An Early Valuation Of Neuralstems NSI-189 For MDD Seeking Alpha published on June 25, 2014, Seekingalpha.com published: 15 Biotech Names For 2015 Seeking Alpha on January 05, 2015. More interesting news about Seneca Biopharma, Inc. (NASDAQ:SNCA) were released by: Finance.Yahoo.com and their article: The Daily Biotech Pulse: Therapix Calls Off Merger, Alimeras Reverse Split, 2 Biotechs To Debut Yahoo Finance published on November 08, 2019 as well as Seekingalpha.coms news article titled: Is It Time To Invest In Stem Cell Biotechs? Seeking Alpha with publication date: June 03, 2016.

Seneca Biopharma, Inc., a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company, focuses on the research and development of nervous system therapies based on its proprietary human neuronal stem cells and small molecule compounds. The company has market cap of $3.19 million. The company's stem cell based technology enables the isolation and expansion of human neural stem cells from various areas of the developing human brain and spinal cord enabling the generation of physiologically relevant human neurons of various types. It currently has negative earnings. The Companys lead product candidate is NSI-189, a chemical entity, which has been completed Phase II clinical trial for the treatment of major depressive disorder, as well as is in preclinical study for the treatment-refractory depression, Angelman Syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, diabetic neuropathy, irradiation-induced cognitive deficit, and long-term potentiation enhancement.

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After Touching 52-Week Low, Is Seneca Biopharma, Inc. (SNCA)'s Near-Term Analysis Negative? - FinanceRecorder

The circulating tumor cell (CTC) market report analytically evaluates the most important issues that may appear on the market in relation to sales, exports / imports or imports. The circulating tumor cell (CTC) market analysis described in this report provides a mixed test of segments to witness the fastest development of predicted prediction frames. This report not only displays market segmentation in the most granular pattern, but also thoroughly analyzes patents and key market players to provide a competitive advantage. In this circulating tumor cell (CTC) market report, we collected data using a large sample size data collection module and ran a baseline year analysis.

The major players in the global circulating tumor cells (CTC) market are Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., STEMCELL Technologies Inc, SRI International, QIAGEN, NanoString Technologies, Inc., Miltenyi Biotec Gmbh, Menarini Silicon Biosystems., Ikonisys Inc., Greiner Bio One International GmbH, General Electric, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, BioCep Ltd., Precision Medicine Group, Creatv MicroTech, Inc., Aviva Biosciences and Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Inc.

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Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) Market is expected to grow globally with an estimated CAGR of 15.45% to reach USD 27.80 billion by 2028.Market growth is growing due to the expansion of cluster chip technology. Another major factor driving the market is the increasing need for cancer diagnostic treatment.

This circulating tumor cell (CTC) market report is used as an excellent market report because it is generated by several important factors. The circulating tumor cell (CTC) market research report also provides company profile, product specifications, production value, manufacturer contact information and company market share. The circulating tumor cell (CTC) market report conducts analysis and discussion of important market trends, market size, sales volume and market share in the semiconductor and electronics industry. The Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Market Report provides a description of market definition, market segmentation, industry-specific research on key developments and competitive analysis of the circulating tumor cell (CTC) market. Research methodology with exceptional tools and skills.

The Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) Market is segmented based on Technology

o Immunocytochemical Technologies

o Molecular (RNA)-Based Technologies

o Functional In vitro Cell Invasion Assay

o Xenotransplantation Models

o Ex Vivo Positive Selection

o In Vivo Positive Selection

o Negative Selection

o Microchips

o Single Spiral Microchannel

The Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) Market is segmented based on Application

The Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) Market is segmented based on End User

Geologically, this report is divided into a few key regions:

Chapter 1: Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) Market Methodology & Scope

Definition and forecast parameters

Methodology and forecast parameters

Data Sources

Chapter 2: Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) Market Executive Summary

Business trends

Regional trends

Product trends

End-use trends

Chapter 3: Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) Market Industry Insights

Industry segmentation

Industry landscape

Vendor matrix

Technological and innovation landscape

Chapter 4: Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) Market, By Region

Chapter 5: Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) Market Company Profile

Business Overview

Financial Data

Product Landscape

Strategic Outlook

SWOT Analysis

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Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) Market To Reach USD 27.80 billion by 2028 : Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., STEMCELL Technologies Inc, SRI International,...

Inadequate prediction of drug metabolism or toxicity is the Achilles heel of the pharmaceutical industry, leading to high drug attrition rates. This can have significant implications for companies, with late-stage failure typically resulting in the loss of substantial financial investments, time and resources. By defining and predicting the Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicity (ADME-Tox) profile of compounds as early as possible, companies can focus their resources on the most relevant candidates to increase the likelihood of successfully bringing new safe and efficient therapies to the market.To implement early ADME-Tox testing, its crucial to have access to valid in vitro models of the key sites of drug metabolism the liver, kidneys and intestines. Preclinical models that reliably replicate the in vivo cellular environment of these organs enable scientists to study and accurately predict drug metabolism, transport and toxicity prior to targets entering the clinical trial phase, ultimately helping to lower attrition rates.

For many years, biologists have relied on in vitro 2-dimensional (2D) cell culture models to perform preclinical ADME-Tox assays. While these models are useful for informing aspects of drug discovery, such as cytotoxicity, they are limited in their translatability to drug metabolism and toxicity in humans. Recently, in vitro 3-dimensional (3D) organoid models that more closely mimic human biological systems show promise in supporting ADME-Tox studies in the early stages of the drug development process, compared to their 2D counterparts.

For modeling kidney cell function in vitro and to evaluate general nephrotoxicity, researchers use various types of human proximal tubule cell lines. These cells demonstrate specific properties of the kidney epithelium, such as the transport of solutes, which plays an important role in drug excretion,. Limitations of these in vitro models are due to the different cell types not expressing all necessary transporters, metabolizing enzymes or biomarkers at physiological levels.3

Given these challenges, there is a clear need for advanced in vitro 3D models that more accurately emulate drug permeability, metabolism, transport and toxicity in humans.

Due to a greater understanding of the cell microenvironment, organoid technology has advanced over the last few years and has the potential to streamline the drug development process. Using organoids to support in vitro ADME-Tox studies can help to predict metabolic mechanisms and ascertain key safety and efficacy measures before commencing human clinical trials. Evidence suggests that kidney and intestine organoid models could be more valuable to investigate the metabolism, transport and toxicity of drugs.3,4 Indeed, a kidney organoid model has recently been cultured using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Composed of both glomerular tissue, as well as proximal and distal tubule cells, this model offers a more accurate representation of the kidney. As such, it has the potential to inform and refine preclinical toxicity screening studies.3

In another recent study, human primary cells from intestinal epithelium was engineered into a 3D intestinal organoid using a scaffold system [4]. This model showed complex tissue properties and characteristics of mature epithelium, including the four main types of differentiated epithelial cells (enterocytes, goblet cells, paneth cells and enteroendocrine cells). The tight junction formation, microvilli polarization, digestive enzyme secretion and low oxygen tension in the lumen were also representative of mature epithelium. In addition to these physical properties, the organoids also exhibited complex behavior, such as innate antibacterial responses to E. coli similar to those observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This suggests that the model could be used in in vitro studies investigating host-microbe-pathogen interplay and IBD pathogenesis.

These findings highlight the future potential of in vitro 3D kidney and intestine organoids for drug development. Because these systems closer resemble in vivo tissues, they could help predict drug responses early in development and offer vast possibilities for modeling many diseases in the future.

1. Van Breemen R.B and Li Y. Caco-2 cell permeability assays to measure drug absorption. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2005 Aug;1(2):17585

2. Yamaura Y, et al. Functional Comparison of Human Colonic Carcinoma Cell Lines and Primary Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells for Investigations of Intestinal Drug Permeability and First-Pass Metabolism. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. March 2016;44:329335

3. Bajaj P, et al. Emerging Kidney Models to Investigate Metabolism, Transport, and Toxicity of Drugs and Xenobiotics. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. November 2018;46(11):16921702

4. Chen Y, et al. In vitro enteroid-derived three-dimensional tissue model of human small intestinal epithelium with innate immune responses. PLoS One. 2017;12(11): e0187880

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The Promise of in vitro 3D Organoid Models: Meeting the ADME-Tox Testing Needs of the Pharmaceutical Industry - Technology Networks

If you think daily exercise and a healthy diet were the key to a long life, think again.

Scientists say that the secret to living more than 100 years comes down to a hardy immune system, thanks to an abundance of a particular infection-fighting white blood cell.

In a study coordinated by scientists at Japans RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS) and Keio University School of Medicine, researchers discovered that supercentenarians those aged over 110 years have an excess of cytotoxic CD4 T-cells.

These super immune system cells, according to the study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), are more aggressive and known to kill any damaged cell that crosses its path, such as virus-infected or cancer cells.

We believe that this type of cells, which are relatively uncommon in most individuals, even young, are useful for fighting against established tumors, and could be important for immunosurveillance, said Piero Carninci, deputy director of RIKEN, in a statement. This is exciting as it has given us new insights into how people who live very long lives are able to protect themselves from conditions such as infections and cancer.

Scientists noticed that most of Japans supercentenarians had managed to dodge illness most of their lives, leading them to believe their advanced age might have something to do with their extraordinary immune systems.

To find out, they pulled a total of 41,208 immune cell samples from seven supercentenarians, and 19,994 cells from younger individuals ages 50 to 89. They found that while both groups had about the same number of T-cells altogether, the supercentenarians had an excess of the unique cytotoxic CD4 T-cells.

This finding might help explain why so many centenarians will say that drinking booze regularly didnt stop them from reaching 100. Others, though, credit a life without the stress of marriage or children as helping them to outlast their peers.

Amparo Perez, 105, told The Post she doesnt regret never remarrying when her first husband died. No aggravation, she said, [is] the most important thing, not to have aggravation.

Caroline Binns, 101, would agree that husbands were only trouble. She told The Post last year, Id rather be left in peace, not in pieces.

Her friend, 101-year-old Lucille Watson, said dancing and cheesecake inspires her to get out of bed every morning: Lifes pleasures are meant to be enjoyed.

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110-year-olds live so long thanks to 'super' immune systems: study - New York Post

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Its that time of year time to break out the boots, light up the fireplace, and restock your over-the-counter cold medicine.

But maybe this year youre not so keen on the de rigueur drowsiness that comes with Tylenol Cold or the sugary aftertaste of Emergen-C. If so, consider the power of plants to up your immunity and help you hedge infections.

Yep, this is how to build a cold/flu season first aid kit with herbs.

Remedies made from herbs and plants are a modality full of powerful allies for your health and immunity, explains Sarah Corbett, Atlanta-based clinical herbalist at Rowan and Sage and science is starting to agree: Research is beginning to confirm the efficacy of folk medicines people have been using for hundreds of years, says Corbett.

Here are six easy herbal medicines you can add to your medicine cabinet (or fridge, as it may be) for a prevention booster, or as a healing aid.

Get the power combo

Herbs may give your immune system a little boost but nothing says wellness booster like the flu shot. Each year the flu shot is updated to help better fight viruses going around, because yes, the virus gets stronger and so should you. Get your flu shot.

Chances are, youve already tried elderberry in some form or another, as this deep-purple berry has definitely gone mainstream in the past few years.

Also called sambucus, elderberry is antifungal, antibacterial, and antimicrobial, so its good at knocking out any kind of crud youve got going on. Theres evidence that elderberry is effective at treating the flu, as well.

Its most commonly found as a syrup (it will make your kitchen smell divine if you DIY), but tinctures (a plant extract made with alcohol or glycerin), lozenges, and even gummies can work too.

Corbett advises taking this remedy once per day if youre trying to prevent sickness, and then much more frequently once youre already sick every few hours or so.

Elderberry is considered safe, but dont chug a whole bottle or anything like that a teaspoon to a tablespoon of syrup at a time will work. Keep syrups in the fridge, as they arent shelf-stable. If you have any autoimmune disorders, its probably best to stay away (because it stimulates the immune system).

Another well known immune booster is echinacea, aka coneflower. It works by stimulating the immune system to produce natural killer cells and other sickness-fighters.

A 2015 meta-analysis concluded that echinacea may benefit folks with low immune function the most, even reducing the risk for a cold up to 35 percent.

Corbett suggests echinacea is most effective used right when you start to feel that tickle at the back of your throat, rather than when a full blown sickness has already taken hold.

A tincture is the best way to take it, she says, but teas wont fail you either (especially since youll be hydrating your system in the meantime). Look for Echinacea angustifolia or a whole plant extract, because its the most chemically bioavailable (easily absorbed and used by the body).

Its important to note that if you have a ragweed allergy, you may also be sensitive to echinacea so if you feel any telltale allergy symptoms like itchiness, hives, or increased congestion, stop taking it immediately.

If you have an autoimmune disorder, skip echinacea.

Yes, ginger will soothe an upset stomach, but its also great for boosting your overall immunity during cold and flu season.

This versatile plant (which has been shown to be antimicrobial, antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory) lends its natural fire to many different uses sip on a ginger tea, head to the juice bar for a fresh ginger shot if youre feeling icky, or just add more ginger to your cooking.

Its pretty safe when used in cooking and remedies, but pregnant people shouldnt ingest more than 2 grams of dried ginger per day.

Garlics powers go well beyond making food taste delicious. Its thought to stimulate the immune system and boost the efficacy of white blood cells, though studies are inconclusive.

Garlic is really easy to use eat it every day to keep yourself feeling top notch. Up your garlic intake when youre actually sick, too. Make a super garlick-y soup (dont skimp on the bone broth, either), eat a couple of raw garlic cloves, roast a garlic bulb, or pack it into a jar of honey and let it sit for a few weeks to infuse.

Dietary doses of garlic are pretty safe. It would be difficult to take enough to harm you, but if youre on anti-clotting medications, be cautious. (And brush your teeth if you find yourself going high on the hog with raw garlic, too!)

This intense liquid, sometimes also called the Master Tonic, is kitchen medicine at its best: an intense mixture of garlic, ginger, onion, horseradish and hot peppers (plus any number of other immune-boosting ingredients like turmeric, or tasty ones like lemon or rosemary) marinated in apple cider vinegar.

Fire cider gets its efficacy from the communal power of these sinus-clearing, warming, infection-fighting plants plus an extra boost from the fermented ACV. And yes, this immune brew will burn (in a good way!) going down.

Its ridiculously easy to make, so whip up a batch and toss it on your salad every night, sprinkle it on rice or quinoa, or take a shot when you feel a cold coming on. If handcrafting isnt your jam, you should be able to find some from a local herbalist or at a natural food store.

Steer clear if you have GERD or a history of stomach ulcers.

Youve probably heard this wellness world buzzword in the last few years adaptogens but may not be clear on what exactly it means.

Essentially, adaptogens are therapeutic herbs that support the body in combating and adapting to stress. Theyre great to use for people who get sick often, says Corbett, or in times of heavy stress, travel, or extra exposure to pathogens (rather than for every day maintenance or prevention).

Ashwagandha, reishi (both of which stimulate your infection fighting lymphocytes, or white blood cells,) and holy basil (stimulates the immune system and also fights viruses) are all good choices for immune support, explains Corbett.

Buy reishi as a powder and mix it into anything youre eating or drinking its safe to take in small doses (like a scoop of powder or a squirt of tincture). Ditto for ashwagandha although steer clear of ashwagandha if youre taking thyroid hormones like Synthroid.

Holy basil can be made into an infusion and sweetened with honey (dont take it if youre pregnant, though, says Corbett). Research some other options, try a few, and see which ones work for you.

Corbett explains that many people think that herbal remedies dont work, but that its often because they arent using enough.

One cup of your basic grocery store cold-fighting tea blend per day isnt really going to do much to help your immune system flush out any offending bacteria, especially once youre already showing symptoms.

If you want to get the benefits from a tea, you have to steep it longer and/or use more herbal material (read: 2 or 3 tea bags per cup, or load everything up in a French press and let it really brew for 30 or more minutes).

The same goes for tinctures when suffering an acute condition, you need to be ingesting a full dropper (or whatever the guideline on the tincture bottle says) every few hours or so.

When in doubt about dosage (or even whether or not a certain herb will work with your body), consult a trained clinical herbalist, holistic physician, naturopath, or other trusted source regarding natural medicine.

And always see your healthcare provider or a pharmacist if youre planning to mix plant medicine with prescription medication.

Above all, tune in to your body before, during, and after any seasonal illnesses, says Corbett. The best medicine for illness is prevention.

While healthy looks different for everyone, there are solid steps you can prioritize this time of year to fight off winter nasties from taking root. You know the drill: sleep, fresh foods when possible, exercise and/or spending time outside, and staying hydrated. And if the cold does creep in, youve got plenty of plant allies to help you out.

No herb is a replacement for a healthy lifestyle, says Corbett. It can help, but it wont fix you. Your body has a vital intelligence that is equipped to send you messages about what it needs. Listen to it.

Carrie Murphy is a freelance health and wellness writer and certified birth doula in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Her work has appeared in or on ELLE, Womens Health, Glamour, Parents, and other outlets.

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6 Herbs to Keep Your Immune System in Fighting Shape - Greatist

A single dose of CD45-ADC, an investigational targeted therapy being developed to treat different types of autoimmune diseases, is enough to reset the normal function of the bodys immune system in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), and to delay onset of the disease.

Those findings were presented earlier this week in the poster Administration of a CD45 Antibody Drug Conjugate as a Novel, Targeted Approach to Achieve Immune System Reset: A Single Dose of CD45-targeted ADC Safely Conditions for Autologous Transplant and Ameliorates Disease in Multiple Models of Autoimmune Disease (abstract #120), at the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia.

CD45-ADC is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) being developed by Magenta Therapeutics in collaboration with Heidelberg Pharma. The medication works by delivering amanitin a toxic compound that belongs to a group of natural poisons produced by some species of mushrooms to overactive immune cells containing the CD45 protein on their surface. That destroys them and restores the normal function of the immune system. (Of note, the CD45 protein is typically found on immune cells and stem cells.)

For that reason, CD45-ADC is currently being explored as a new form of targeted therapy for several autoimmune diseases, including MS.

New findings presented at the ACR meeting showed that in mice withexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE, a mouse model of MS), a single dose of CD45-ADC was sufficient to eliminate overactive immune cells, and to restore the normal function of the animals immune systems.

Moreover, investigators reported that treatment with CD45-ADC, followed by a stem cell transplant to repopulate the animals bodies with healthy immune cells, delayed the disease onset and halted the progression of disease activity in EAE mice.

According to the research team, immune reset through stem cell transplant in which disease-causing cells are replaced by healthy cells to rebuild the immune system has been shown to induce durable remission in patients with autoimmune diseases, including MS.

Given the encouraging results in animal models, the team developed an anti-human CD45-ADC that cross-reacts with non-human primates (NHP). Substantial depletion of both lymphocytes [white blood cells] and hematopoietic [blood] stem cells (HSCs) was observed at well-tolerated doses, the researchers wrote.

CD45-ADC also is being tested in mice models of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and inflammatory arthritis, two other autoimmune diseases, and it has shown promising results.

Overall, the results suggest that targeted immune depletion with a single treatment of CD45-ADC may be sufficient for auto-HSCT [hematopoietic stem cell transplant], and allow re-establishment of immune tolerance, the team concluded.

Millions of patients worldwide live with debilitating autoimmune diseases, with no options for curative therapy. Magenta is developing targeted medicines, such as CD45-ADC, to enable more patients with autoimmune diseases to undergo a one-time, curative immune reset, John Davis, MD, MPH, chief medical officer of Magenta, said in a press release:

The data presented at ACR provide important proof of concept for our immune reset platform across a broad range of diseases, including multiple sclerosis and systemic sclerosis, Davis said. We expect to declare a development candidate and progress this medicine into IND [investigational new drug]-enabling studies next year as we work to allow more patients to live their lives without autoimmune disease.

Magenta also announced it has exercised its right to become the exclusive holder of global development and marketing rights of any ADC targeting CD45 based on Heidelberg Pharmas proprietary amanitin toxin-linker platform technology.

Under the terms of the collaboration agreement established between Magenta and Heidelberg Pharma in 2018, Magenta is eligible to use Heidelberg Pharmas proprietary amanitin technology to generate up to four different ADC compounds based on an exclusive target of choice. In turn, Heidelberg Pharma is eligible to receive milestone payments.

Joana is currently completing her PhD in Biomedicine and Clinical Research at Universidade de Lisboa. She also holds a BSc in Biology and an MSc in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology from Universidade de Lisboa. Her work has been focused on the impact of non-canonical Wnt signaling in the collective behavior of endothelial cells cells that make up the lining of blood vessels found in the umbilical cord of newborns.

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Patrcia holds her PhD in Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases from the Leiden University Medical Center in Leiden, The Netherlands. She has studied Applied Biology at Universidade do Minho and was a postdoctoral research fellow at Instituto de Medicina Molecular in Lisbon, Portugal. Her work has been focused on molecular genetic traits of infectious agents such as viruses and parasites.

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Single Dose of CD45-ADC Resets the Immune System in Mice with MS - Multiple Sclerosis News Today

The following is an article of faith for many who refuse to have their children vaccinated against childhood diseases: That when healthy children get and recover from an infection naturally, their immune systems come out stronger.

However, when it comes to measles, the opposite is true, according to two studies published on Oct 31, 2019.

In a group of 77 Dutch schoolchildren whose parents declined to vaccinate them on religious grounds, the new research documents several ways in which infection with measles can hobble a childs immune function for months, or even years, after that child has recovered from her bout with the virus.

The effect was mild in some of the children.

But in roughly 16% of those who suffered an active measles infection, the result was a severe case of immune amnesia.

In those children, a genetic census of antibodies immune proteins that recognise and destroy invading microbes showed that they had lost at least some immunity to more than 40% of common childhood diseases.

Measles appeared to have stripped away immune protections these children had built over years of exposure to diseases and germs.

Measuring the same childrens immune memory 40 days after measles infection, a second team found significant shrinkage in their stores of B-cells, which fight disease by killing infected cells and spawning legions of antibodies to confront viral invaders in the blood.

For weeks after the unvaccinated children had recovered from measles, their depleted stocks of B-cells signalled a loss of memory for past infections and of strength to mount a defence against new infections.

For some, the damage appeared to be even more extensive.

In two of 19 measles-infected children tested, the machinery that supplies the immune system with new disease-targeting cells was profoundly disrupted, raising questions about whether they would fully recover their previous strength.

The measles virus is like a car accident for your immune system, said Harvard University geneticist Stephen Elledge, one of the papers co-authors.

An unvaccinated child who weathers the measles may emerge only slightly the worse from such a crash.

Or he might sustain an injury from which it takes months or years to recover.

For parents, the studies implications are clear, Elledge added.

We know how to prevent injuries in car accidents by wearing seatbelts.

The measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine is like a seatbelt for your immune system, and parents should buckle their kids up.

The studies were published in the Science and Science Immunology journals respectively.

One in six children who are infected with measles will find themselves more vulnerable to other common childhood illnesses after recovering from measles. PP

A concurrent fall

The research sheds new light on the biological basis for a mysterious phenomenon long recognised by doctors.

After children recover from the measles hallmark rash and fevers, they are highly unlikely to fall ill with it again.

But for two to three years following infection, patients remain unusually vulnerable to catching or developing other infections, from viruses like the common cold and influenza to potentially deadly bacterial infections that can cause pneumonia or swelling in the brain.

Researchers reckon that before the introduction of a measles vaccine in 1963, as many as half of childhood deaths from infectious diseases were linked to measles or the immunosuppression that follows.

In that period, this most contagious of viruses infected over 95% of all children and directly caused over four million deaths a year.

But in places where vaccine campaigns have virtually eliminated outbreaks, public health officials have documented unexpectedly large reductions in childhood deaths from other diseases.

Preventing infection with measles was clearly saving kids from succumbing to other bugs as well, experts say.

The mystery of how measles sets kids up for poorer health might have lost its urgency if global vaccine campaigns were expanding without pushback.

But they are not.

Every year, more than seven million people, mostly in poor countries, are still infected and roughly 100,000 die of measles.

And in recent years, an uptick of vaccine refusal in the United States and Europe has reversed decades of rising vaccination rates in the worlds most affluent countries.

In the first three months of 2019, parents reluctance to have their children vaccinated helped drive worldwide cases of measles up 300% over cases reported in the first quarter of 2018, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

The US declared measles eliminated in 2000. But pockets of anti-vaxxers have allowed it to gain a foothold in communities across the nation.

Between Jan 1 and Oct 1, there have been 22 US outbreaks of measles.

Of the 1,250 cases documented in 31 American states during that period, 89% of patients were unvaccinated or did not know their vaccination status.

Not since 1992 has the tally of measles cases in the US reached so high.

While none have died, 119 required hospitalisation and 60 developed pneumonia. One patient suffered encephalitis, a life-threatening swelling of the brain.

Measles is not a trivial disease and these findings add evidence that its important to vaccinate your kids against it, said US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases director Dr Anthony Fauci.

Theres scientific proof here that not only is measles itself a serious disease; it can have consequences of suppressing the bodys defence mechanisms for a year or more.

Decreased immunity

The measles virus is somehow related to a loss of over 40% of antibodies for common childhood diseases after it infects a child. 123rf.com

The two new studies human subjects belong to part of the vaccine-refusal movement with deep roots.

Members of a Dutch sect of orthodox Protestants, they form a closed community within Dutch society, with their own churches, schools, newspapers and political party.

Since the 19th century, when vaccination campaigns gained steam and drew protests throughout the US and Europe, these Dutch Protestants have declined vaccination.

Their opposition rests on passages in the Bible that call on believers to trust in divine providence for protection.

In the US, those opposed to vaccination on religious grounds have remained a steady presence.

But discredited claims that the MMR vaccine is a cause of autism have driven down vaccination rates in pockets across California, New York and elsewhere, and prompted vaccine reluctance among many parents.

Most recently, false claims circulating among members of New York Citys Orthodox Jewish community that MMR vaccine contains monkey, rat and pig DNA, and contravenes kosher dietary requirements have figured prominently in recent outbreaks.

More than three-quarters of measles cases in the US this year have been in New York.

The Dutch schoolchildren in the new studies, who ranged in age from four to 17, were followed for only up to eight weeks after their infections.

But each team also conducted animal studies that found measles affects immunity in real and enduring ways.

One of the teams, based in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, used ferrets to demonstrate post-measles vulnerability to flu.

Even after they had been immunised against influenza, ferrets who were infected with measles and then exposed to a flu virus, got much sicker than ferrets who had not had measles.

A second team, led by Harvard epidemiologist Michael Mina and Elledge, assessed the array of antibodies in four rhesus macaque monkeys before and after measles infection, and found that for five months after their infections cleared, the monkeys sustained a loss of immunity to an average of 40% to 60% of diseases.

Mina and Elledge said their work offers new insights into the longstanding mystery of how measles seems to put children at increased risk of infections.

And they added, it underscores the outsize value of a simple protective step: having a child vaccinated with the MMR vaccine just after her first birthday and again between the ages of four and six.

Such evidence may not sway the most committed vaccine opponents, Mina said, but most people are really trying to do whats right for their kids.

Even when those parents are inclined to believe their child could weather a bout of rash and fevers, he added, telling them that for the next few years, theyre going to have to look over their kids shoulder at diseases he might get sick from, that makes this amnesia effect quite a bit more scary. Los Angeles Times/Tribune News Service

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Measles infection causes 'amnesia' of the immune system - The Star Online

By Gege Li

The keto diet involves foods that are high in fat and low in carbohydrates

Ditching carbohydrates and eating lots of fat may give some protection against the flu. Feeding mice the so-called keto diet seems to boost certain immune cells, which may be responsible for the effect.

The keto diet forces the body to burn fat for energy, which can help with weight loss, and people may get flu-like symptoms known as the keto flu as their body adapts to so little carbohydrate. The keto diet has also been linked to improved heart health and control of blood sugar in diabetes, but much of the evidence is conflicting.

Akiko Iwasaki at Yale School of Medicine and colleagues previously found that the keto diet reduced inflammation in mice with gout. Because inflammation is common to both gout and flu, the team thought the keto diet could similarly deal with flu-related inflammation, which can severely damage the lungs.

To put this theory to the test, the team fed mice infected with influenza A the most serious type of the virus either a keto or standard diet for a week before infection. After four days, all seven of the mice fed a standard diet succumbed to the infection, compared to only five out of the 10 mice on the keto diet. These keto diet mice also didnt lose as much weight, which is usually a clear sign of flu infection in animals.

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The team found that the keto diet amped up the numbers of a specific type of T cell key players in the bodys immune response found in the lungs. Boosting these T cells dampened the sensitivity of cells lining the lungs to infection and increased mucus production.

It seems that this extra mucus is important for protecting the mice, says Iwasaki, because it traps the flu virus to stop it spreading. It still isnt clear what these T cells do outside of this study though, she says.

Although mouse and human metabolisms differ, the finding could mean that people get a similar protection from influenza when on the keto diet.

We already knew of a link between diet and immunity, says John Tregoning at Imperial College London, who wasnt involved in the work. Eating foods rich in vitamin C, for example, is known to strengthen our immune system. Switching to a keto diet may help boost the immune system so that it is better programmed to fight off the infection, says Tregoning.

Journal reference: Science Immunology, DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aav2026

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Eating a keto diet may give some protection against the flu - New Scientist News

AsianScientist (Nov. 18, 2019) ASLAN Pharmaceuticals, a clinical-stage oncology and immunology focused biopharma company, has established a joint venture with Korean pharmaceutical company Bukwang Pharmaceutical to develop preclinical aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonists.

AhR is a druggable protein that acts as a master regulator of the immune system. When kynurenine, a molecule produced in the tumor microenvironment, binds to AhR on a group of immune cells known as T-cells, the anti-tumor activity of T-cells is suppressed. Hence, by targeting AhR, scientists hope to prevent the suppression of T-cell activity, which in turn allows for stronger immune responses that destroy tumors.

Under the terms of the agreement, ASLAN will transfer the global rights to all of the assets related to AhR technology into the joint venture, manifested as the independent company JAGUAHR Therapeutics and based in Singapore. Bukwang will invest US$5 million in JAGUAHR in two tranches to fund the development of the assets, identify a lead development compound and file an investigational new drug application.

The launch of JAGUAHR Therapeutics is an important step by ASLAN to realize the value of our early stage assets and advance the development of our AhR antagonist technology at a time when focus is shifting towards AhR antagonists as a hot new area in immune-oncology, said Dr. Carl Firth, CEO of ASLAN Pharmaceuticals.

Bukwang has a strong track record of achievement in the pharma business, and creating this spinout together allows both companies to quickly progress these exciting compounds and potentially provide novel clinical assets to enrich the ASLAN pipeline. We look forward to working with the Bukwang team as we focus on identifying JAGUAHRs first drug candidate, he added.

Source: Aslan Pharmaceuticals; Photo: Shutterstock.Disclaimer: This article does not necessarily reflect the views of AsianScientist or its staff.

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ASLAN And Bukwang Team Up To Develop Immune-Oncology Drugs - Asian Scientist Magazine

Study design and period

The trial is a single center, two-armed phase III study. The trial has been registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03201926). Patients will be recruited by the Pancreatobiliary Cancer Clinic, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine. The expected total duration of patient accrual is 2years and 6months and the follow-up period is 6months.

The primary endpoint is to evaluate body cell mass index at 2months postoperatively. Secondary endpoints include other body composition changes as well as nutrition index and immune function.

Patients scheduled for surgery with pancreatobiliary disease and liver cancer (HCC, CCC, and metastatic liver cancer)

Karnofsky performance status 70

Patients who provide informed consent

Patients who underwent palliative surgery

Patients with uncontrolled preoperative conditions

Previous history of surgery affecting nutritional status (ex, gastrectomy, colectomy, etc)

Pregnant and lactating women

Patients with an allergy to mealworms

The output of the sample size will be based on an independent two-sample t test. It is expected that there will be a difference in body cell mass between the standard meal group (control) and the group ingesting the mealworms. Assuming an alpha value of 0.05 and 1- (power) of 0.8, 75 samples will need to be obtained for each group; considering the dropout rate of 10%, 84 samples will need to be obtained for each group. The total of the two groups is 168. The primary endpoint will be the number of subjects and body cell mass. A comparison will then be made between the two groups at 2months. A subgroup analysis of pancreatobiliary and liver disease will also be performed as a secondary endpoint. Patients with pancreatobiliary and liver disease in our clinic have a 2:1 ratio. Therefore, the 168 patients were divided into two groups: one with 112 patients and the other with 56 patients. Patients with pancreaticobiliary disease (Group A & B) and liver (Group C) disease were assigned through stratified randomization. Pancreatobiliary disease group is divided into enteral feeding group(Group A) and non enteral feeding group.(Group B).

All patients who are potential candidates for hepatopancreatobiliary surgery will undergo a standard evaluation that will include contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), endoluminal ultrasound (EUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET-CT), which will be discussed at the preoperative conference.

Patients recommended for major hepatopancreatobiliary surgery (such as a liver resection, pancreaticoduodenectomy, or total/distal pancreatectomy) will be contacted and provided with a participant information sheet. Patients will be divided into three groups according to the type of surgery.

Patients receiving dietary supplementation with mealworms after their pancreatectomy, bile duct resection and hepatectomy will be given the mealworms during their hospitalization period and for another 2months after discharge. The patients in group A will undergo enteral feeding after surgery (for those who undergo a pancreaticoduodenectomy, nutrients will be administered by an enteral feeding tube for early feeding while securing the pancreatojejunostomy). A feeding nasojejunal tube will be placed for patients in the enteral feeding group. Enteral feeding (Newcare 300 RTH, Daesang, Korea) will start within 24h postoperatively at a rate of 20mL/h. The velocity will be progressively increased by 20mL/d until reaching the full nutritional goal (25kcal/kg). Enteral feeding will be delivered by an infusion pump for 18h/day with 6h of rest.

On postoperative day 7, abdominal and pelvic CT scans will be obtained, and if there are no complications, we will then start patients on a clear liquid diet for 1day. In addition, the patients will be permitted to have a full liquid diet for 2days and then a soft diet for 3days following the liquid diet.

The patients of group B will undergo oral feeding 2days after the surgery. (distal pancreatectomy, total pancreatectomy and bile duct resection) We will start patients clear liquid diet for 1day. The patients will be permitted to have a full liquid diet for 2days and soft diet for 3days following the liquid diet.

The patients of group C will undergo oral feeding 2days after surgery (which includes liver resections). We will then start the patients on a clear liquid diet for 1day. In addition, the patients will be permitted to have a full liquid diet for 2days and soft diet for 3days following the liquid diet. The mealworm powder include 3g of carbohydrate, 14.4g of protein and 11g of fat, 163kcal per 30g. (Table 1) As a result of a nutritional analysis of mealworm powder, 10.28g of carbohydrate, 48.26g of protein and 35.81g of fat were found per 100g. In particular, the protein includes essential amino acids as well as many unsaturated fatty acids ranging from 76 to 80% of the total fatty acids. In addition, iron and calcium and other minerals were found (Table 2).

Patients receiving dietary supplementation with grainpowder after pancreatectomy and hepatectomy will be given grainpowder for their hospitalization period and 2months after discharge. The grainpowder include 23g of carbohydrate, 2.9g of protein and 0.5g of fat, 106kcal per 30g. Group A will receive the grainpowder on postoperative day 7. And group B and C will receive grainpowder in the same dose as trial groups mealworms at the start of diet at postoperative 2days (Table 3).

The primary outcome is the body cell mass index as measured by body composition (Inbody S-10 (Biospace, Seoul, Korea)). The secondary outcome measures are as follows: nutritional index (weight, soft lean mass, fat free mass, fat mass, PG-SGA [Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment]) and immune function test (that assesses T cells, B cells, cytokines). We will confirm changes in immune cells through FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting). Based on the immune assay using blood samples from patients, we will identify changes in several cytokines.

Once the patients surgery is confirmed, the research staff will give the study staff a list of the patients. After determining the suitability of the patient, the study staff will assign the patient to the test or control group in a randomized sequence in the order in which they are enrolled. In addition, they will be assigned in a double-blinded manner.

The researchers will select patients after obtaining consent. Randomization will take place via an allocation randomization system 2days before the surgery, which will be directed by our department. Patients will be randomized to one of the treatment groups in a 1:1 ratio. After consent for study enrollment is obtained, the randomization process will be applied to identify the next allotment. The surgeons will be blind to the allotment throughout the enrollment process.

Patients and all team members will be blinded to the intervention. Adverse event (AE) and serious adverse event (SAE) need to be reported as soon as they are noted. This will not have any impact on the endpoint assessment of the patient.

The amount of food consumed by the patient daily will be assessed as a diary entry. The researcher collects the bags left over from the patients at the outpatient clinic. Individual participant medical information obtained as a result of this study is considered confidential and disclosure to third parties is prohibited. Blood samples transferred to the laboratory of Gangnam Severance Hospital will be identifiable by unique trial numbers only. Results related to nutrient indicators (Inbody, PG-SGA) will be managed by a Gangnam Severance Nutrition Team. The blood sample associated with the immune function test will be transferred to the lab of the study staff in Gangnam Severance Hospital, which will then undergo FACS (Fluorescence-activated cell sorting).

If patients wish to voluntarily withdraw from the study, the patient will be asked if they would be given medical care until any AE symptoms resolve or the patients condition becomes stable.

Patients can quit the trial at any point without the need to give reasons for their decisions. If voluntary withdrawal occurs prior to diet intervention, the patient will not be randomized, and no more trial data will be collected for that patient. Patients can also withdraw from the trial following diet intervention.

All data will be entered into a single Microsoft Excel spreadsheet with participants identified only by their unique subject number. All entries will be double-checked by another member of the research team. Statistical analysis will be performed using IBM SPSS version 21.0 (IBM Corp; released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 21.0. Armonk, NY, USA). The mean difference in nutrient intakes, changes in body measurements, changes in body composition, and PG-SGA scores will be calculated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Mann Whitney test.

The research team is responsible for monitoring the study. At 1week after discharge, the participants are asked whether they are willing to continue ingesting the mealworm. Every 2weeks after the patients visit their outpatient clinic, the monitoring researcher will check whether they are taking the mealworm regularly. The research team is also responsible for systematically reviewing the causes of withdrawal from the study. Assessment of these changes will be determined 2months after surgery (Table 4).

The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board at Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University of Korea (32017-0077). The study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and the principles of Good Clinical Practice.

Read more:
Clinical application of invalid foods using mealworms and evaluation of nutrition status and immune function: a study protocol for a randomized,...

The secret to living past 100 could lie in your immune system, suggests a new study.

In a study recently publishedin Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), scientists found that supercentenarians those who are 110 years of age or older have an overabundance of a certain type of disease-fighting cell within their immune systems, possibly explaining their longevity.

To come to this conclusion, researchers looked at the circulating immune cells from supercentenarians and controls aged 50 to 89. About 41,208 immune cell samples were taken from seven supercentenarians, while 19,993 cells were collected from the five controls.

The study found that while the supercentenarians and controls had roughly the same amount of T-cells overall, the former group had an excess amount of one particular subset of T-cells called cytotoxic CD4 T-cells. These cells, according to a news releaseon the findings, are aggressive and quickly destroy cancer and infection-causing cells.

In some cases, the cytotoxic CD4 T-cells accounted for 80 percent of the supercentenarians T-cells, while only 10 to 20 percent of the T-cells in the controls were cytotoxic CD4 T-cells, according to the research, which wasconducted by the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS) and Keio University School of Medicine in Japan.

The super immune system cells are likely not a marker of youth, but rather a special characteristic of the supercentenarians, the researchers wrote. The cytotoxic CD4 T-cells are likely the offspring of a sole ancestor cell.

We believe that this type of cells, which are relatively uncommon in most individuals, even young, are useful for fighting against established tumors, and could be important for immunosurveillance, said Piero Carninci, the deputy director of RIKEN, in a statement. This is exciting as it has given us new insights into how people who live very long lives are able to protect themselves from conditions such as infections and cancer."

Gallery: 100 Ways to Live to 100 (Provided by Best Life)

See more here:
Study: The secret of living to 110 - msnNOW

The holiday season is coming up quick, and along with dancing sugar plums and a strong dose of seasonal cheer can come some uninvited guests, including the common cold and flu bug. So, what can you do to give your body the best fighting chance to avoid getting sick this holiday season? Sleigh Family Chiropractic offers the following tips to help boost your immunity system with the goal to remain among the healthy:

Decrease Sugar Intake and Exercise: Avoiding too much sugar (especially at all those holiday parties) can be a bit of trick. Over-consumption can substantially decrease the immune system's ability to attack viruses and bacteria for up to eight hours after you enjoy that delicious piece of pie. Meanwhile, getting just 30 minutes of exercise (maybe before or after the party) each day can help the immune system to remain strong against infection.

Reduce Your Stress: The holidays can create a variety of stress for some, which is a natural immune depressor. Different ways to reduce stress include utilizing deep breathing exercises, meditation and yoga, or simply scheduling some time for yourself. Whether it's a day at the salon for a mani/pedi, a massage, spending time with your favorite friends, or taking a peaceful (and potentially brisk) walk in the park, take the steps that will help you keep it stress-free over the holidays.

Get More Sleep: More sleep simply makes sense it allows your body to recharge and take on all the challenges of the day. Ashwaghanda is an herb that has been shown to reduce anxiety and encourage calm and relaxation. It is made up of phytochemicals called withanolides that are believed to reduce the body's stress response and help to achieve restful sleep. Other tips include having a consistent wake up and bedtime routine and avoid 'blue light' activities such as using a computer or a cell phone up to two hours before going to bed. Keep your office out of the bedroom; allow it to be a sanctuary away from technology that invites rest and relaxation.

Eat Foods High in Vitamins C & D or Take Supplements:

Try Elderberry Syrup: The berries and flowers of elder trees and plants (known as Sambucus nigra) contain antioxidants and vitamins that have shown promise in boosting the immune system over centuries. The use of these trees and plants, and the syrup that comes from them, dates to 400 B.C. and Hippocrates, who called the elder tree his 'medicine chest'. Elderberry syrup has also been used to reduce stress and inflammation, as well as protect the heart.

Wash Your Hands Frequently: Washing your hands often, with soap, is one of the easiest ways to avoid spreading germs to others and yourself. Germs can be spread through contact with your eyes, nose and mouth, and can be transmitted through a variety of surfaces. Remember to wash your hands often to reduce the spread of sickness, especially over the holidays so you can enjoy all the festivities.

Katie and Quintin Sleigh, along with the entire Sleigh Family Chiropractic team wish you and yours a very happy - and healthy - holiday season!

About Sleigh Family Chiropractic

Drs Katie and Quintin Sleigh own and operate Sleigh Family Chiropractic, a family wellness clinic located at 3285 N. Arlington Heights Road in Arlington Heights. For more information, call 847-788-0880 or visit SleighFamilyChiropractic.com.

Resources/Reference Information:

Original post:
Immunity Boost Tips to Help You Stay Healthy Over the Holidays - Patch.com

A new project has shown how a one-off injection can halt peanut allergies for up to six weeks.

Scientists from Stanford University School of Medicine carried out a small pilot study involving an injectable antibody treatment that allows people with severe peanut allergies to eat a peanut with no trouble at least two weeks later.

Allergiesare simply a misguided overreaction by the bodys immune system. We typically experience an immune response to a foreign substance or pathogen that could cause harm to the body. With allergies, however, the response is fired up to substances that arent actually harmful to your body, such as the protein in peanuts, a rogue piece of pollen, or pet hair.

The only currently available treatment, oral immunotherapy, involves the patient eating minuscule but escalating doses of the allergen over the course of months, eventually desensitizing their immune system to the substancein question.

The new treatment takes a much more direct approach. Reported in JCI Insight, the treatment called etokimab works to interfere with an immune-signaling molecule known as interleukin-33 which triggers the chain of events that amount to a full-blown immune system response.

By inhibiting IL-33, we potentially inhibit features of all allergies, which is promising, senior author Kari Nadeau, professor of medicine and of pediatrics at Stanford, said in astatement.

Whats best, and quite surprising, is how long the treatment lasts. The double-blind study involved 20 participants with severe peanut allergies 15 received a single etokimab injection and five were given a placebo. Up to 15 days later, 73 percent of the etokimab group was able to eat a nuts worth of peanut protein without any allergic reaction. By day 45, 57 percent of them were able to.

The small study only involved 20 participants, but its success holds real hope for the 32 million Americans who suffer from potentially deadly food allergies. Next up, the researchers are looking to carry out another study with more participants and take a deeper look at the mechanisms involved.

Perhaps most promising of all, the treatment could theoretically be used to protect against a whole host of allergens, not just peanuts.

Whats great about this treatment as an option for food allergies is that people did not have to eat the food to get desensitized, Nadeau added. Although this is still in the experimental stages, were delivering on the hope of testing a drug that wont be for one food allergy but for many, and for other allergic diseases, too.

Cases of food allergies, along with eczema and hay fever, have risen rapidly in the developed world over the past few decades. There are thought to be a number of explanations for this, ranging from adecreased exposure topathogens to a change in diet. Regardless, despite this increase,allergies remain surrounded by myth and misinformation. Here are some common myths about allergiesthat you should be aware of.

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A Single Injection Stops Peanut Allergies For Up To Six Weeks - IFLScience